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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Ethnic”

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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Gisselquist, Rachel M. "Ethnic leftists, populist ethnics : the new politics of identity". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42391.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 398-434).
Group identifications - in particular, those based on ethnicity and class - are central to political mobilization during elections. This dissertation asks: when and why does the salience of ethnic and class categories vary across elections in emerging democracies? It argues that which categories are politicized has less to do with which categories are most salient to voters and more to do with which are most useful to politicians. The strategies of politicians, however, are contrained in a particular ways, by opportunity, which is provided by party system crises, and by the political space, which is given by the structure of existing social identity categories, particularly their sizes and degrees of overlap with traditionally-politicized categories. Given the institutional rules, size and overlap affect which identity groups have the numbers to win and which describe similar constituencies that could be switched between for political expediency. The project nests the theory within an explanatory framework describing four key factors that drive variation in identification: voter preferences, political institutions, party institutions, and elite manipulation. The dissertation presents data from three sources: a fieldwork-based study of Bolivian party politics, focusing on the democratic period from 1982 to 2005; data from the "Constructivist Dataset on Ethnicity and Institutions (CDEI)" on political parties and elections in Latin America in the early 1990s; and four shadow cases from the Andean region (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). These data are used to map variation in identification across countries and over time; to illustrate the plausibility of the argument and to test it against predictions drawn from alternative hypotheses; and to explore the generalizability of the argument.
by Rachel Miyoshi Gisselquist.
Ph.D.
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2

Neilson, Joy. "Milwaukee's ethnic festivals| Creating ethnic-American heritage for urban ethnic tourism". Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1588839.

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Ethnic identity is dynamic social construction. Ethnic groups define and display their heritage to meet the social, economic, and political interests of the group. Tourism is one outlet for ethnic groups to express their identity while stimulating local economies. Ethnic tourism is becoming more popular in urban settings, as municipal governments attempt to compete for tourism income and establish a unique brand. Placing ethnic tourism within an urban setting creates additional layers of complexity that have the potential to alter the way ethnic groups interact and are perceived by locals and visitors. Tourism involves the construction of expectations through deliberate representation. When the object of expectation is an ethnic or minority group, the creation of symbols to enhance the exotic appeal can have unintended consequences for the performance of ethnicity within urban structures. This paper attempts to document the effects of urban ethnic tourism on the ethnic group that is the subject of tourism by applying a new framework for urban ethnic tourism to the ethnic festivals of Milwaukee, WI.

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Kovacic, Matija <1982&gt. "Ethnic distribution, effective power and ethnic conflict". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3015.

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This thesis is investigating both in theoretical and empirical terms the relationship between the features of ethnic distribution and the probability of con ict. The thesis is composed of four chapters. The rst chapter is the introduction to the thesis in which I brie y summarize the main problems related to the existing literature on ethnic diversity and con ict and I present an overview of the measures of ethnic diversity commonly used in the literature. In the second chapter I propose a theoretical model that speci es the potential of con ict in a society as a function of the population distribution across ethnic groups. I axiomatically derive a general parametric class of indices of con ict potential that combines the groups' e ective power and the between-groups interaction. The e ective power of a group is a function of a group's relative size but it also depends on the relative sizes of all the other groups in the population. The interaction component, on the other hand, is given by the probability of interaction between the members of one group with those of other groups. I show that for certain parameter values the index reduces to the existing indices of ethnic diversity, while in general the indices combine in a non-linear way three di erent aspects of ethnic diversity, namely the fractionalization, the polarization and the ethnic dominance. The results of the model share some common features with the literature on con icts in contests and the literature on voting power indices. In particular, the power component of the extreme element of the class of indices is intuitively related to the de nition of voting power in a simple majority game. In that particular case, the value of the e ective power is given by the relative Penrose-Banzhaf index of voting power calculated over the shares of populations associated to each ethnic group. In the third chapter I investigate empirically the role of ethnic diversity in the explanation of the ethnic con ict outbreak. The empirical performance of the indices of con ict potential developed in the second chapter is tested against the existing distributional indices of ethnic diversity within the context of the commonly used logistic model that focuses on the onset of ethnic con icts in a time range from 1946 to 2005. Together with the set of the explanatory variables for structural conditions and country characteristics, I take advantage of the recent "Ethnic Power Relations" data set which includes additional information on the political exclusion and competition along ethnic lines and it o ers the best coding for ethnic wars. The results obtained suggest that the indices of con ict potential outperform the existing indices of ethnic diversity in the explanation of ethnic con ict onset. This evidence is robust to the inclusion of a larger set of regressors, time and regional controls as well as to several other estimation techniques. The fourth chapter explores empirically the determinants of con ict duration with a particular attention to the potential role of ethnic diversity together with ethnic politics and competition dynamics. The rst part of the chapter presents an overview of the existing literature on con ict duration, the main data cources and the related econometric issues. The second part of the chapter consists in a non-parametric and a parametric survival analysis of the duration of ethnic con ict where we address in detail the issues of non-proportionality of the hazard function, the unmeasured heterogeneity and the presence of "repeated events". The results suggest that there is a statistically signi cant and robust association between ethnic distribution and con ict duration, together with other commonly used explanatory variables in the literature on con ict duration.
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4

Gaziyev, Jamshid. "Ethno-nationalism and ethnic conflicts in Central Asia". Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/71/.

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THE last years of the Soviet Union were the most challenging for the nations of Central Asia. These nations witnessed the dramatic collapse of the Soviet federal system and beheld with disbelief the tragic unfolding of inter-ethnic violence in the land of ‘eternal friendship of brotherly nations’. Their disbelief, though understandable, presents the two puzzles that this dissertation addresses: (1) “how can one explain the outbreak of unprecedented inter-ethnic clashes in the lands where gracious internationalism should have replaced chauvinist nationalism?” and (2) “what lessons can be learnt from Central Asia’s nation-formational processes and its recent experiences of ethnic violence lest mistakes be repeated in its present and future socio-political development?” These puzzles, and solutions to them, are not only significant and intriguing in the regional context of Central Asia. They correspond to a set of larger, meta-theoretical questions in Social Sciences: (1) how do ethnicity and nationhood originate and change? (2) why do certain ethno-national movements become politically salient and others do not? and (3) how do ethnic conflicts arise and develop? This dissertation uniquely employs the institutionalist approach to explain the above puzzles and theoretical questions in the context of Central Asia. By exploring the nature and dynamics of nation-formation in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, this work concludes that territorial nationhood and ethnic nationality have become pervasively institutionalized social and political forms in Central Asia as a result of the Soviet nationalities policy. The analysis of inter-ethnic strife in Central Asia during the last years of the Soviet empire, with a special focus on the Osh conflict, confirms that ethnic conflicts and inter-ethnic relations in the region were, and will remain, crucially framed, constituted and reconciled by rigidly institutionalized definitions of ethnicity and nationality. Following these findings, the study recommends considering institutional reforms within the framework of the rule of law and constitutionalism for deliberations of mechanisms and measures aimed at building more peaceful and secure inter-ethnic relations in Central Asia. The dissertation therefore urges policy-makers and other stakeholders in the region to take fuller advantage of the benefits of such institutional reforms at the state-structural level with the view to controlling and counter-balancing the effects of institutionalized ethno-nationalism in Central Asia, and perhaps beyond.
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5

McMurray, James. "The ethnic as ethic : education choices amongst the Uyghur of Xinjiang". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/68637/.

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This thesis is about education in Xinjiang, the choices available to students and parents, and the factors taken into account when making these choices. The subject of language tuition and use has increasingly assumed a central position in the resentment felt by much of the Uyghur population of Xinjiang towards the Chinese government and the Han population. The long-term, policy-driven increase in the use of Mandarin in schools in Xinjiang has accelerated in the last decade as those which have previously used the Uyghur language for the majority of teaching have steadily been converted into bilingual institutions. This change has significantly reduced the linguistic options for Uyghur parents, as ‘bilingual' schools are substantively similar to Chinese-language schools. Mandarin, as the primary language of government and trade in China, is widely recognised by Uyghur parents and students as essential to career success in contemporary Xinjiang and the Uyghur language is not existentially threatened. Nonetheless, this change is lamented by many, even those who chose bilingual or Chinese-language education for their own children. This ethnographic work, largely set in the regional capital of Urumqi, explores the disparity between materially self-interested choices and this sentiment. Contextualising the subject of education against the background of the Uyghur people's general interaction with the Chinese people and state, the thesis contends that there is a communally-maintained avoidance of all influences perceived to be Chinese, and that this avoidance is best understood in ethical terms. Utilising the work of Alasdair Macintyre (1981), it argues that the maintenance of difference from the Han, in the context of a narrative understanding of history which represents all Chinese influence as destructive or dangerous, has come to be understood amongst the Uyghur as virtuous in itself. With evidence drawn from 18 months of fieldwork in Xinjiang and interviews with parents, students and educators, it examines how attempts to maintain this virtue play out against other values and concerns in the choices they make about schooling.
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Foxall, Andrew David. "The geopolitics of ethnic relations in Russia : ethnic Russian and non-ethnic Russian citizens in Stavropol’skii krai". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:81b0880b-b1ca-4917-b3ef-442a3b686b98.

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Ethnic relations are an important feature of contemporary Russia. This is especially true in the North Caucasus where ongoing insecurity combined with a depressed economy has led to growing Russian nationalism, xenophobia, and fears over immigration. In Stavropol’skii krai, the only ethnic Russian dominated territory in the North Caucasus Federal District, the situation is especially acute. In this thesis I investigate how the geopolitics of ethnic relations in Stavropol’skii krai, as part of the wider North Caucasus situation, impact on the everyday life of citizens in Stavropol’. I do this through employing an eclectic methodology, including both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Through four research papers, I explore how the built urban environment, through the politics of naming place (for example, street names and monuments), has become a space through which ethnic identity can be (re)produced and contested. I show how ethnic relations are (re)presented and performed in Stavropol’ through the Den’ kraya celebration, a performance that is based on a Soviet-era idealised framing of ethnic relations, and one which is open to challenge. I explore how in summer 2007 ethnic relations turned violent as ethnic Russian and non-ethnic Russian citizens rioted, and I attempt to explain the geopolitics surrounding this. Finally, I show how everyday ethnic relations have turned increasingly violent in Stavropol’ since 1991, drawing on reports from non-governmental organisations and independent researchers. I situate this research within the context of the changing ethnic geography of the krai since 1991. Together, this research represents a geopolitics of ethnic relations in Stavropol’skii krai.
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7

Nguyen, Ngoc Anh. "Ethnic identity, socialization factors and their impacts on ethnic consumption behavior and ethnic food consumption in France". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0025.

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Avec le plus grand et le plus diversifié nombre d’immigrants et d’étrangers en Europe, la France représente un segment de marché viable et inexploité. Le marketing ethnique, élaboré par plusieurs acteurs du marché, a pour objectif de développer de nouveaux segments de marché, ou de couvrir l’ensemble du marché en tenant compte de la croissance multi-ethnnique en réalité. L’objectif de notre travail est de mesurer l’identité ethnique de la population ethnique en France, leurs facteurs de socialisation, leur comportement de consommation ethnique en général, et leur consommation d’aliments ethniques en particulier, ainsi que de déterminer les influences de ces facteurs. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une démarche hypothético-déductive et est structurée en deux parties théorique et empirique pour servir l’objectif visé. La première partie est consacrée à l’analyse du contexte général, à la revue de la littérature et à l’élaboration d’un modèle conceptuel de l’identité ethnique, des facteurs de socialisation et de leurs impacts sur les comportements de consommation ethnique et sur la consommation d’aliments ethniques. Seront analysées la théorie de l’identité sociale [Henry Taifel & John C. Tuner 1970], la théorie du développement de l'identité qui se compose de la théorie de l'ego identité [Erik Erikson 1986] et des recherches empiriques sur l'identité personnelle [Marcia, 1980] et le développement de l'identité ethnique [ Phinney et Ong, 2007] ; la théorie de la culture, sous-culture, contre-culture, acculturation, ainsi qu'une connaissance approfondie de l'ethnicité, l'identité ethnique et le marketing ethnique. La partie empirique sera consacrée à la collecte, le traitement et l’analyse de données, qui serviront à vérifier non seulement les variables du modèle conceptuel, mais aussi les hypothèses des relations entre elles. Les résultats de notre étude sur la population ethnique en France ont confirmé nos hypothèses de manière générale. Ils sont utiles en termes de contribution théorique et managériale car ils aident à mettre en évidence quelques stratégies pour le marketing ethnique associé à l'identité ethnique, les comportements de consommation ethnique et la consommation d'aliments ethniques
As a country with biggest number of immigrants in Europe, France has been so far known with its multiple ethnic populations, in which the ethnic minority represents a viable and untapped market segment. As a result, ethnic marketing has been developed correspondingly by several market agents who would like either to pursue new market segment or strive to cover the whole market while taking into account of growing multi-ethnic reality in France. The objective of this research is to measure ethnic identity of ethnic population in France, their socialization factors, their ethnic consumption behavior in general and their ethnic food consumption in particular, as well as to determine the influences of these factors. Applying a hypothetico-deductive approach, both theoretical and empirical investigations are conducted to serve the mentioned objective. The first part is a literature review, helpful in developing a conceptual model of ethnic identity, socialization factors and their impacts on ethnic consumption behavior and ethnic food consumption. It includes the social identity theory [Henry Taifel & John C. Tuner, 1970]; identity development theory which consists of theory on ego identity [Erik Erikson, 1986] and empirical researches on personal identity [Marcia, 1980] and ethnic identity development [Phinney & Ong, 2007]; theory on culture, sub-culture, counter-culture, acculturation; as well as in depth knowledge on ethnicity, ethnic identity, and ethnic marketing. Whereas empirical part involves data collection, processing and analysis, which servethe purpose of verifying not only variables of the conceptual model, but also the hypotheses on the relationships between them. The results of the survey on ethnic population in France have confirmed these hypotheses. They are useful in terms of theoretical contribution, as well as from the point of management since they help highlighting some strategies for ethnic marketing in associated with ethnic identity, ethnic consumption behavior and ethnic food consumption
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8

Ybarra, Veronica Consuelo. "Mexican American adolescents' understanding of ethnic prejudice and ethnic pride /". Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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9

Lowe, Emily. "Ethnic Minority Youths’ Psychosocial Adjustment in School: Exploring the Ethnic Composition". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23388.

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Finch, Lisa. "School bullying : the experience of ethnic minority and ethnic majority pupils". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31272.

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Bullying is widely acknowledged as an insidious form of victimization that is prevalent within out schools. In the context of a wider society that may in itself be racist, racial bullying in schools is beginning to be acknowledged both in the academic literature and the media. However, studies of ethnicity and bullying are scarce. The present study aims to highlight the experiences of bullying at school for both ethnic minority and ethnic majority pupils. In particular, the relationship between ethnic identity and the experience of bullying is examined. A total of 199 secondary school pupils aged between 12 and 13 years (Year 8) from an inner city school in Leicester participated. Two questionnaires were completed which assessed their experiences of bullying and ethnic identity. Significant differences were found for ethnicity regarding the overall experience of being bullied, with ethnic majority pupils reporting experiencing more bullying than their minority peers. Ethnic minority pupils were more likely than ethnic majority pupils to experience bullying with a racial content. No relationship was found between the effect of racial bullying and ethnic identity status. Some gender differences reported in the literature were reflected in the results of this study. The results proved difficult to interpret and a critical discussion of methodological limitations is offered. Implications of the findings for schools, and the clinical implications for psychology are discussed. Future research needs are also considered.
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Thakar, Dhara Aniruddha. "Parenting style discrepancies a comparison inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic couples /". Connect to this title online, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/94/.

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Gumustekin, Deniz. "Patterns of Support of Ethnic Violent Groups by Co-Ethnic Groups". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/53.

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Most studies examine how homeland policies influence the host state and what role the homeland plays for diaspora. In this paper, I will examine the reasons and conditions for why ethnic groups do or do not support violent ethnic groups. This study tests how external threats impact the level of support within the same ethnic groups. I will examine the causal relationship between external pressure and non-cooperation through a structured, comparative study of Kurdish ethnic groups.
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13

Hao, Temtsel. "Ethnic nationalist challenge to multi-ethnic state : Inner Mongolia and China". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1641/.

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This thesis examines the resurgence of Mongolian nationalism since the onset of the reforms in China in 1979 and the impact of this resurgence on the legitimacy of the Chinese state. The period of reform has witnessed the revival of nationalist sentiments not only of the Mongols, but also of the Han Chinese (and other national minorities). This development has given rise to two related issues: first, what accounts for the resurgence itself; and second, does it challenge the basis of China's national identity and of the legitimacy of the state as these concepts have previously been understood. During the period under examination (1979- 1993), an important shift in the basis of the legitimization of the Chinese State occurred. This shift paralleled the decline in significance of the Communist ideology both in China and worldwide and the corresponding rise of Chinese nationalism officially designated as patriotism (ai guo zhu yi). These developments have shaped the re-emergence of Mongolian nationalism in China, which in turn challenges aspects of the basis of China's statehood. In order to chart the complex inter-relationship between the Mongols and the Chinese state, it is necessary to adopt an historical perspective. The history of Mongolian self-rule, the struggle for autonomy, and the titular regional autonomy are reviewed to show that the resurgence of Mongolian nationalism is closely linked to the deterioration of the political and economic situation of Mongols in China. During the period of reform, the political ideal of a socialist nation that had unified ethnic and non-ethnic Chinese in the early years of the People's Republic was weakened. In opposition to the ideal of socialist unity, the traditional view of the identity of the Chinese nation that stresses cultural, ethnic, and historical ties has been strengthened. These developments have weakened the authority that the Chinese government exercise over what the Chinese call "national minorities" (shao shu min zu). This weakening of authority may be seen as an example of the problem that arises when the power of coercion replaces political authority. In terms of foreign relations, Mongolian nationalism has complicated important dimensions for China's relations with other countries of northeast Asia, especially in the post-cold war era. Moreover, the increasing nationalistic basis on which the identity of Chinese people is based, together with the problems this raises in regard to Hong Kong and Taiwan, have profound implications for the international identity of the Chinese state. Consequently, the way in which Chinese "national minorities" have emerged as a problem within China also has clear international implications. In conclusion, this thesis suggests that the rise of Inner Mongolian nationalism threatens to undermine the concept of an unitary Chinese nation (for example in the guise of a supposed Chinese family). As a result, Mongolian nationalism weakens the basis of Chinese statehood as presently conceived. Furthermore, the challenge of non-Chinese nationalism to Chinese statehood suggests the problems of nationalism as state legitimisation in general.
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Lind, Nobelius Elin Maria. "Kulturens påverkan på ätstörningar och behandlingen av dess symtom". Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Work, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-9135.

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Denna systematiska litteraturstudie var inriktad på att studera ätstörningar ur ett kulturellt perspektiv. Syftet var att kartlägga forskningsläget kring hur ätstörningar betraktas i olika kulturella kontexter. Studien har gjorts genom att systematiskt söka vetenskapliga artiklar och forskning. Detta har sedan sammanställts och diskuterats utifrån det givna syftet. Resultaten var motsägelsefulla detta mycket på grund av problematiken kring begreppet kultur som anses skapa ett ”vi” och ”dem” synsätt. Diagnostiseringskriterier som har använts ansågs som otillräckliga vid ätstörningar. Västvärldens skönhetsideal och kultur har beskrivits som den påverkande variabeln som också gjort att den övriga världen även drabbats av ätstörningar men denna studie har visat på att det fanns många fler faktorer som spelar in. Minoritetsgrupper som inte assimilerats till majoritetskulturen har även visat på högre utveckling av ätstörningar. Det som framkommit var att det behövs mer forskning på området och en större förståelse för den kulturella aspekten i forskning samt i det praktiska arbetet vid behandling.

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Webber, Melinda. "Identity matters : racial-ethnic representations among adolescents attending multi-ethnic high schools". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/10199.

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Racial-ethnic identity is a fundamental aspect of an early adolescent's identity because it includes the attitudes and feelings associated with ethnic and racial group membership. Literature shows racial-ethnic identity to be an important aspect of adolescents' developmental and psychological well-being. This is important in light of the increasingly diverse racial-ethnic demographic for New Zealand, particularly in our large cities. The present study is based around the broad research question 'What influences early adolescent racial-ethnic identity development?' This includes a fundamental question of 'How do early adolescents enact racial-ethnic identity in high school contexts?' and then, 'How does racial-ethnic identity impact on the way early adolescents engage at high school?' This study examines the importance of racial-ethnic identity among young adolescents who attend large, multi-ethnic, urban high schools in New Zealand. The project is comprised of one study with three parts. The analysis in this study focuses on a comparison of Year nine students (13-14 years old) in New Zealand from four racial ethnic groupings: New Zealand European/Pākehā, Māori, Samoan and Chinese. Study 1a and 1b (n = 695) examined the self-identifications, feelings of connectedness, meanings and perceived consequences of adolescents' racial-ethnic identities using a questionnaire. In line with the literature, the findings from these two parts show that racial-ethnic identities are important for adolescents from all four ethnic groups; it frames who they are, where they belong, and what they are trying to achieve. Study 1c used semi-structured interviews to examine the relationship of racial-ethnic identity to educational engagement among high-achieving adolescents from the four ethnic groups (n = 31). Findings here indicated that enacting multiple social identities protected the adolescents from the negative pressures of stereotype threat, but their racial-ethnic identity influenced the ways they enacted their academic and other social identities in the school context; they were constantly, and consciously, contesting contradictory racial-ethnic stereotypes in each context. The research concludes that although racism is prevalent and powerful in the lives of adolescents, a strong racial-ethnic identity may provide adolescents with the capacity to not allow negative pressures to interfere with their educational engagement.
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Li, Wenfei. "Ethnic Broadcasting and Ethnic Relations: A Comparative Study between Canada and China". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28567.

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Ethnic broadcasting is a unique phenomenon of multiethnic countries that could reflect and influence a country's ethnic relations. This study examines the ethnic broadcasting policies and practices in Canada and China, to determine existing issues, and reflect on the countries' ethnic relations and ethnic policies. This thesis analyzes the ethnic broadcasting operations in the two countries comparatively through interpreting with critical lenses the data collected from government and university databases. This analysis is especially interested in the relationship between ethnic relations and the broadcasting media, between ethnic policies and broadcasting policies, and between ethnic politics and ethnic broadcasting content. Several issues in the two countries' ethnic policies and ethnic broadcasting operations are revealed through the comparative analysis, particularly the insufficiency of public broadcasting presence and governmental involvement in Canadian ethnic broadcasting, and the politicization of ethnic relations and ethnic broadcasting operations in China.
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Scott, Phillips Preston. "Ethnic collective action : a case study of two ethnic groups in Jordan". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4109/.

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This thesis was undertaken to gain greater insights into ethnic collective action (ECA). A review of the literature revealed five gaps; a narrow definition of ECA, a failure to investigate ECA as an interactive process, a tendency to focus on external structures, a limited acknowledgement of the importance of internal heterogeneity and of intra-actions, and a lack of explanation of the role and importance of actors' worldviews. My research challenged the gaps by proposing that ECA is not only an outcome, but also part of an ongoing process. This thesis builds on elements of the theoretical approaches used by some earlier scholars. This study of ECA resulted from ethnographic fieldwork in Jordan for 10 months. My research focused on two case study groups, the Circassian and Dom. In addition, I gathered data about the setting and the interactions between Jordanian society, government and voluntary sector organisations (VSO), and the two case study groups. I argue that ethnography provided a methodological framework which allowed me to gain insights into how different factors interact and impact on ECA. This research makes empirical contributions concerning the situation of Circassians and Dom in Jordan as well as some general theoretical conclusions regarding ECA. The research revealed that ECA is a dynamic and complex process which is affected by numerous factors that do not directly impact on ECA processes, but instead it is the interaction and relationships between these factors that impact on ECA. The main factors involved in understanding the interactions that affect ECA were the level of inclusion extended by external actors to members of the two case study groups, state policies and programmes, the case study groups' levels of cohesion and leadership and the worldviews of external and internal actors.
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Holloway, Troy. "Ethnic Groups and Institutions: Can Autonomy and Party Bans Reduce Ethnic Conflict?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707380/.

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Can institutions successfully reduce ethnic conflict? Institutions such as autonomy and federalism are often advocated as a means to prevent ethnic conflict, however empirical evidence is largely mixed with regards to their effectiveness. In a similar manner, political parties have begun to receive more scholarly attention in determining their relationship with ethnic conflict, but their evidence is also mixed. In this research I examine autonomy, federalism, and the banning of political parties within ongoing ethnic group self-determination movements. While I do not find evidence for a relationship between autonomy and conflict, I do find that federalism increases the likelihood of ethnic conflict. Additionally, the banning of ethnic political parties indicates a strong increase the likelihood of ethnic conflict, while the banning of regional political parties significantly reduces the likelihood of ethnic conflict.
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Stewart, Brandon. "Crossing Over: Essays on Ethnic Parties, Electoral Politics, and Ethnic Social Conflict". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011838/.

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This dissertation analyzes several topics related to political life in ethnically divided societies. In chapter 2, I study the relationship between ethnic social conflict, such as protests, riots, and armed inter-ethnic violence, and bloc partisan identification. I find that protests have no effect on bloc support for political parties, riots increase bloc partisan identification, and that armed violence reduces this phenomenon. In chapter 3, I analyze the factors that influence the targeting of ethnic groups by ethnic parties in social conflict. I find some empirical evidence that conditions favorable to vote pooling across ethnic lines reduce group targeting by ethnic parties. In chapter 4, I analyze the effects of ethnic demography on ethnic party behavior. Through a qualitative analysis of party behavior in local elections in Macedonia, I find that ethnic parties change their strategies in response to changes in ethnic demography. I find that co-ethnic parties are less likely to challenge each other for power under conditions of split demography. In fact, under conditions of split demography, I find that co-ethnic parties have political incentives to unite behind a single party because intra-group competition jeopardizes the group's hold on power.
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Theuerkauf, Ulrike. "Ethno-embedded institutionalism : the impact of institutional repertoires on ethnic violence". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/535/.

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Hitherto, the relationships between political institutions and ethnopolitical (in)stability typically have been analysed by investigating the effects of single, formal political institutions such as electoral systems or state structures (see e.g. Reynolds 2002; Roeder and Rothchild 2005). My doctoral thesis criticises this research focus on two different yet equally relevant accounts: First, the tendency to single out the effects of individual institutions is based on the implicit – and as I claim: wrong – assumption that political institutions can be treated as separate entities and that it is only of secondary relevance of which broader set of institutions they form part. Second, despite studies which highlight the relevance of informal political institutions (see e.g. Sisk and Stefes 2005; Varshney 2002), they have received far less attention in the academic debate so far. ‘Ethno-Embedded Institutionalism’ describes a new approach to the study of institutional incentives for ethnic violence which goes beyond the mere focus on single, formal political institutions by highlighting the effects of both institutional combinations and informal political institutions on the risk of ethnic civil war. To test the relevance of ‘Ethno-Embedded Institutionalism’, I use a grievance-based explanation of intrastate violence and binary time-series-cross-section analysis based on a personally designed dataset that covers 174 countries between 1955 and 2007. I present statistical evidence that high levels of corruption on the one hand, and institutional combinations of presidentialism, a majoritarian electoral system for the legislature and a unitary state structure on the other increase the risk of large-scale ethnic violence. Overall, my thesis contributes to the academic debate in three relevant regards: i) by conceptualising and testing Ethno-Embedded Institutionalism; ii) by describing a grievance-based explanation of large-scale ethnic violence which clearly identifies the key values of political representation; and iii) by presenting the EEI Dataset as the first comprehensive data source for the systematic statistical analysis of institutional incentives for ethnic civil war.
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Arsenau, D. Therese. "Regional 'non-ethnic' nationalism". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359489.

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Higgins, Vanessa. "Ethnic differences in obesity". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ethnic-differences-in-obesity(0a7714ea-c08e-46d0-b3b9-4064f3a109b6).html.

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Previous research has identified ethnic differences in adult obesity but has not fully explored the pathways that explain the ethnic differences, which may relate to both individual and area-level characteristics. This thesis identifies ethnic differences in obesity for eight key ethnic groups in England, before and after accounting for a range of individual-level and area-level factors. In addition, the thesis explores ethno-religious differences in obesity. Four key pathways to obesity are explored: social and structural inequality, migration-related, culture and health behaviour. Area-level factors examined are area deprivation, co-ethnic density and ethnic area type. As a basis for this comparative analysis, the thesis also examines approaches to the measurement of obesity and is the first study to use weight and waist as obesity outcomes in a study of ethnic differences in obesity (with height and hip respectively as explanatory variables). Data come from four years of the Health Survey for England (1998, 1999, 2003 and 2004) and linked area-level data from the 2001 Census. Multi-level modelling methods are used to account for individual-level and area-level factors. For waist, before adjusting for explanatory factors, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Irish men and all seven of the women's ethnic minority groups have larger waists than the White group. After adjusting for individual and area-level factors, only the Indian and Pakistani men and Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Chinese women have statistically significantly larger waists than the White group. For weight, before adjusting for explanatory factors, Black Caribbean, Black African and Pakistani women are heavier than White women. However, in the adjusted models, the Pakistani women are no longer heavier than the White women. Both the unadjusted and adjusted models reveal that Black African Muslim women are lighter in weight than Black African non-Muslim women. Indian Sikh men and women have the largest waists of the Indian ethno-religious groups. The study finds that the pathway to ethnic and ethno-religious differences in obesity is multi-dimensional; a combined effect of social and structural inequality, migration, culture, and health behaviour for most ethnic groups. Waist circumference - individual level pathways: After adjusting for explanatory factors, the largest decrease to the waist circumference of men and women, relative to White women, is due to entering the migration-related variables into the models. This is consistent for men and women in all ethnic minority and all ethno-religious groups. In addition, entering the socio-economic position variables into the models substantially decreases the waist of Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black African women, relative to White women - this is due to the low socio-economic position of these ethnic groups. Entering the socio-economic position variables into the models also decreases the waist of the Black African and Indian Muslim women to a greater extent than the non-Muslim Black African and Indian women. When the health behaviour variables are entered into the models, there is a large decrease in waist for Pakistani and Bangladeshi men relative to White men - this is due the low levels of physical activity among these ethnic groups compared to the White group. Entering health status into the models also results in a decrease to Bangladeshi men and women, Pakistani women, Indian women and Black Caribbean women's waist, relative to White women - this is due to the poorer health status of these groups. Weight - individual level pathways: After adjusting for explanatory factors, the largest decrease in women's weight, for all ethnic and ethno-religious groups relative to White women, is due to the migration-related variables and the health behaviour variables. For most groups the migration-related variables have the largest effect but for Pakistani and Bangladeshi women the health behaviour variables have the largest effect - this is due to the low levels of physical activity among Pakistani and Bangladeshi women. Entering the socio-economic position variables into the models also decreases the weight of the Black African and Indian Muslim women but increases (or makes little difference to) the weight of non-Muslim Black African and Indian women. In contrast, men's weight increases for all ethnic groups, relative to White men, after adjusting for all the explanatory factors - for all groups this effect is mainly due to the socio-economic position variables and, for the Indian and Pakistani men, the migration-related variables. Area-level pathways: Area-level pathways contribute to ethnic/ethno-religious differences in obesity but to a lesser extent than individual-level pathways. Predicted values from interaction models suggest that the effect of area deprivation on weight/waist is different for different ethnic groups. For example, White men and women's weight and waist increases, on average, as area deprivation increases but Indian men's waist and weight and Indian women's waist decreases as area deprivation increases. Interaction models also suggest that co-ethnic density may work differently for different ethnic groups - for example an increase in co-ethnic density results in a decrease to the weight or waist of the Indian, Chinese and Pakistani groups but an increase to the waist of Black Caribbean women. The ethnic area type research needs further study but the results suggest that Indian and Pakistani area types may have a protective effect upon both men's waist and weight.
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Coles, Steven. "Ethnic discrimination and mood". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31224.

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The thesis comprises of three sections relating to ethnic discrimination and depression. The first is a literature review on the relationship between discrimination and depression in Black and minority ethnic (BME) communities. The second is a research report, which considers the utility of the concepts of external shame and belongingness in explaining the relationship between ethnic discrimination and depression. The third is a critical reflection on the process of the research. Literature review: The review found evidence of a cross-sectional association between discrimination and depression, but there was a lack of methodologically robust prospective studies. Subtle forms of discrimination were found to be as important as blatant forms. Ethnic identity was found to be a generally protective factor in the relationship between discrimination and depression. The process of perceiving discrimination was found to be complex and related to ethnic identity. The utility of considering depression in terms of positive and negative affect was recommended. Research Report: This section reports on a cross-sectional study that used self-report measures. The study sampled White British (WB) and BME students. The results supported a social ranking model of the relationship between discrimination and mood. External shame was found to mediate the relationship between ethnic discrimination and negative affect for the BME and WB groups and with positive affect for the BME group. The BME group was found to report a greater frequency of ethnic discrimination than the WB group. Ethnic discrimination had a greater psychological effect on the BME group than the WB. The results did not support belongingness to ethnic community mediating the relationship between discrimination and mood for either group.
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Gusha, Ishanesu S. "Ndebele and Shona Ethnic Cohesion : a Dialogue with Paul's Ethics of Reconciliation". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64229.

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The tension between the Ndebele and Shona people dates back to the precolonial era and this has been one of the major threats to Zimbabwe’s peace. Ethnic tensions have resulted in the loss of thousands of lives since the country’s independence, especially during the Entumbane clashes and Gukurahundi massacres. The government has in several ways, tried to bring social cohesion between the two with limited success. Four examples are: the initiatives done through the 1980 reconciliation pronouncement by Prime Minster Robert Mugabe, 1987 Unity Accord between PF ZAPU and ZANU PF, the Government of National Unity, and the Commission on National Healing and Reconciliation of 2008. The failure may be attributed to amnesia and the unwillingness to repent from past evils by the perpetrators. Seemingly, the major problem may be attributed to the fact that interested parties often played the mediatory role; and one cannot objectively be both player and referee. In addition, over the years, the church through her ecumenical bodies has tried to build bridges between the two but the efforts were also fruitless due to the unwillingness by the government to take recommendations from the church and civic organisations. The thesis proposes Pauline ethics regarding reconciliation in the Corinthian correspondence as inspiration for social cohesion between the Ndebele and Shona tribes. As hermeneutical tools, Paul’s key symbols such as Christ, the Cross of Christ, Ambassador, New Creation, and Baptism shall be deployed as epistemological lenses in promoting identity tags that go beyond ethnicity. I propose that, for these symbols to be effective, the following recommendations should be taken seriously; setting up of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), refraining from using ethnic offensive language, introduction of Ndebele and Shona languages in primary and secondary schools in the provinces dominated by these two ethnic groups, substituting ethnic provincial names with neutral ones, substituting ethnic registration system of people with a neutral one, and the devolution of power.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Biblical and Religious Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
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Maksic, Adis. "Mobilizing for Ethnic Violence? Ethno-national Political Parties and the Dynamics of Ethno-politicization". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71392.

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On July 12th, 1990 the Serb Democratic Party of Bosnia-Herzegovina (SDS BiH) held its founding assembly. Less than five months later, it participated in the November 1990 elections in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), winning a decisive majority of the vote of ethnic Serbs. Yet, SDS BiH was not an ordinary political party. In the sixteen months that followed the elections, it initiated a series of activities that eroded the power of BiH institutions to which it had been elected. SDS BiH declared its own organs superior to those of BiH and established exclusive control in Serb-majority areas. In early 1992, it united these areas into a single Serb Republic, formed an exclusively Serb armed force, and set out to violently expand the territory that would be incorporated into the new statelet. This study seeks to advance an understanding of the role of ethno-nationalist agents in the outbreak of violent conflicts fought in the name of ethnic nations by analyzing the activities of SDS BiH on the political homogenization of Serbs in the two years leading up to the 1992 onset of violence in BiH. It incorporates the tools of discourse analysis and the recent findings in the studies of human cognition, identifying the agency of SDS BiH in the power of the Party's discourse to produce affective sensibilities that served its nationalist agenda. It argues that this engineering of affect was crucial for constituting the dispersed individuals of Serb ethnic background as a palpable political group, and preparing them for armed mobilization. The analysis also argues that ethno-nationalist agency can be properly understood only by considering the case-specific structural factors with which all agents interact. Toward this point, it draws contrast between the agency of SDS BiH and that of the National Movement in the Republic of Georgia, showing that ethnic structures hold a greater explanatory value in the Georgian case. Rather than departing from pre-given ethnic groups, both case studies suggest that conflict analyses should problematize the dynamic interaction between the dominant ethno-nationalist agents and ethnic structures, which produce ethnic groups, ethnic interests and sides to armed conflicts.
Ph. D.
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Larsson, Anthony. "A Different Ballgame? : Perceived Power Structures among Ethnic and Non-Ethnic Football Associations". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-852.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the perceived power structures in ethnic and non-ethnic football clubs in the way that they are manifested by their respective leadership/administration. For this, three clubs from each respective group (six in total) have been chosen and representatives of each group have been interviewed. Additionally, a qualitative analysis is applied when dealing with the material which in this case implied that they are analysed through an original model that is based on Steven Lukes’s conception of the three dimensional views of power. The point of departure lies in the interviewed representatives giving their accounts of how their respective clubs utilises their control and how they handle certain situations and conflicts. Their accounts invariably reflect upon a particular approach which can be fitted into one or more of Lukes’s dimensional views, which will ultimately provide an overall picture of the perceived power structure within that association. The subsequently comparison of results can then be expected to indicate if there is any difference in perceived power structures between that of ethnic and non-ethnic football clubs. The result of this study would ultimately show that while some notable difference could be manifested on a macro level, there were such great disparities on the micro level that there were in fact greater differences between the individual clubs themselves than that between the clubs as ethnic/non-ethnic groups.

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Engström, Lisa. "Marketing BILLY to ethnic subcultures : A explorative study of ethnic subcultural consumption behaviour". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11273.

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Background: The ethnic subcultural consumer is a valuable segment in the multicultural societies of today, which has received little attention from both marketers and researchers. One of the most multicultural cities in Sweden is Malmoe, with 38% of its habitants having a foreign background. For IKEA Malmoe this segment has long been of interest, but have found it hard to increase their diversity among customers. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to help IKEA Malmoe get a greater understanding of the ethnic subcultural consumption behaviour, to attract a higher cultural diversity among customers. This research paper will explore why IKEA Malmoe is not reaching a greater cultural diversity of customers today, and offer insights to how they could work, through their local marketing, to attract this segment. Delimitation: This study will be delimited to the subject of ethnic subcultural consumption behaviour in the area of retail marketing. The research will focus on general consumption behaviour; how consumption is influenced by culture; both the originating culture and the hosting culture; and for the empirical investigation, how ethnic consumption is related to IKEA. Method: The research is a qualitative study with an deductive stance, based on the semi- structured interviews of 14 respondents from eight different subcultures of Malmoe. Result/ Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that it is essential not to see the ethnic subcultural consumer as one homogenous segment, as aspects such as acculturation, age, income and lifestyle were shown to have greater impact on consumption behaviour than national culture. Proposed continued studies: To more thoroughly research the affect of acculturation and national culture as an aspect to ethnic subcultural behaviour, using a homogenous group of respondents
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Mills, Megan Stuart. "Ethnic myth and ethnic survival, the case of India's Anglo-Indian (Eurasian) minority". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0019/NQ27307.pdf.

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Kubo, Keiichi. "Why ethnic groups rebel : intra-ethnic division, dynamic grievances, state repression and escalation". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2019/.

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Why do ethnic groups rebel against the state?While there have been various efforts to answer this question, existing explanations tend to be static and based on the unitary actor assumption. This thesis attempts to make a step forward by relaxing the unitary actor assumption and by introducing dynamic elements into the explanatory framework. In order to do so, it takes a three-step approach, examining (1) the initial intensity of rebellion, (2) the onset of rebellion, and (3) the escalation. As for the methodology, this thesis adopts a mixed-methods approach: for each step, it conducts both large-N analyses and qualitative analyses of ex-Yugoslav countries. This thesis firstly examines the determinants of the initial intensity of rebellion. It presents two ideal-types, "decisions from above" made by ethnic leaders and "decisions from below" made by non-leaders, and will argue that the initial intensity is more likely to be higher if ethnic leaders organise the rebellion, because they can mobilise more resources. Secondly, this thesis examines the causes of the onset of rebellion. It will argue that structural conditions alone do not suffice to explain it, and will argue for the importance of dynamic grievances. In other words, even when structural conditions do not change, grievances will increase over time as the duration of peaceful protests gets longer, because people will be increasingly frustrated by the failure to achieve their goals by peaceful means. Finally, this thesis examines the dynamics of escalation. It will be argued that the low-intensity rebellion is likely to provoke state repression, and that the repressive measures taken by the state in turn are likely to cause the escalation of rebellion. The concluding chapter explores the theoretical and methodological implications for the study of ethnic conflict as well as the policy implications for conflict prevention.
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Tucker, Kvon. "The effects of ethnic identity, ethnicity and ethnic identifiers on job suitability ratings". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1568913.

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The present study examined the effects of ethnic identity and ethnicity on hiring discrimination (via perceived job suitability ratings) and rater prejudice against Middle-Eastern applicants. A sample of N = 69 employed college students of Caucasian and African-American descent role-played recruiters rating fictitious job resumes (varying on job applicants' ethnicity) on Perceived Job Suitability. It was hypothesized that job applicants' ethnic identification would predict ratings, and that participants' ethnicity and ethnic identity were examined as moderators of the target relationship. The findings did not support the predictions. Specifically, the current study found that participants rated the Middle Eastern resumes higher than the Caucasian resume, regardless of the rater's ethnicity. Furthermore, the partially identified Middle Eastern resume received higher than the fully identified Middle Eastern resume from both Caucasian and African American groups. Lastly, the ethnic identity level of a rater did not affect his or her job suitability ratings.

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Martin, Nicole. "Discrimination and ethnic group identity as explanations of British ethnic minority political behaviour". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22c28eef-4f30-4174-89f9-392b4ab7bc1d.

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This thesis looks at the role of discrimination and ethnic group identity as explanations of political behaviour of ethnic minorities in Britain. Chapter 2 examines vote choice and partisanship, arguing that a group utility heuristic explains the high level of support for the Labour party among ethnic minorities. I provide individual-level evidence of this heuristic by showing that ethnic minority voters support the Labour party to the extent that they are (i) conscious of the experiences of their ethnic group members with regards to discrimination, and (ii) believe that the Labour party is the best political party to represent their interests. These two attitudes mediate the effects of group-level inequalities. Chapter 3 asks whether Muslims are alienated from mainstream politics by Islamophobia and British military intervention in Muslim countries. I find that perceptions of Islamophobia are linked with greater political alienation, to a greater likelihood of non-electoral participation, but also to a lesser likelihood of voting. Likewise, disapproval of the war in Afghanistan is associated with greater political alienation and a greater likelihood of some types of non-electoral participation. I also provide strong evidence that Muslims in Britain experience more religious discrimination than adherents of other minority religions. Chapter 4 considers the interaction between the extreme right and ethnic minority political attitudes and behaviour. I find evidence that the extreme right British National Party (BNP) increases voting for the Labour party, at the expense of minor parties and abstention. Surprisingly, the BNP effect also benefits the other main parties. Although they do not benefit in increased vote share, Liberal Democrat and Conservative party and leader evaluations are more positive where the BNP stood and performed better in 2010, which I suggest is due to the electoral contrast provided by the BNP. Chapter 5 looks at the mobilisation effect of ethnic minority candidates on ethnic minority voters. I find a positive mobilisation effect of Pakistani and Muslim Labour candidates on Pakistani and Muslim voters, conditional on someone trying to convince the respondent how to vote. I also find a demobilisation effect of Labour Muslim candidates on Sikh voters.
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Sorrentino, Rachel J. "Ethnic nationalist actors: prospects for cooperaton between ethnic nationalist homeland states and diaspora". The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1057602370.

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Deom, Gina Marie. "A Statistical Analysis of Changes in Ethnic Identity and Ethnic/Racial Self-Classification". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1431597472.

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Luo, Xueying. "Does Ownership Matter in Ethnic Media Firms? The Economic Goals of Media Firms for Ethnic Groups and Media Firms Owned by Ethnic Groups". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1352921143.

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Xie, Shizhong. "Ethnic-political adaptation and ethnic change of the Sipsong Panna Dai : an ethnohistorical analysis /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6498.

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Wang, Yaxuan. "Ethnic identity and ethnic recognition : a study of Taiwanese teachers' biographies, curriculum and pedagogy". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413089.

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Saleem, Saleena Begum. "Preventing the press from engendering ethnic violence : press restraints and ethnic violence in Singapore". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38448.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-137).
This thesis aims to find a solution to a commonly held problem of ethnic violence that is engendered by the press. Based on the premise that governmental influence on the press in the form of press restraints can prevent the recurrence of deadly ethnic violence, it argues for certain types of press restraints in societies that (1) are just emerging from ethnic conflict and (2) lack the societal norms and established institutions that stem from traditions of democracy, is formulated. Taking Singapore as a case study, it shows that race issues were progressively de-politicized from 1956 to 1972 as a consequence of governmental influence. The Singapore case is taken to illustrate the gains to be attained from press restraints, and also to point out some potential caveats that would need to be accounted for in policies regarding press restraints.
by Saleena Begum Saleem.
S.M.
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38

Griffiths, Judith A. "The Development of Ethnic Awareness, Identity. and Attitdes in Ethnic Majority and Minority Children". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366127.

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Research into children’s ethnic awareness, identification, and attitudes has been ongoing for the past eight decades. This research had a limited focus, measuring one component of ethnic awareness or ethnic attitudes. Results indicated that ethnic majority and ethnic minority children have developed ethnic awareness by about 5- years and that it becomes increasingly sophisticated with age. In addition, the results have revealed that ethnic majority children show consistently more positive attitudes towards their ethnic in-group. In contrast, the ethnic attitudes of minority groups are less conclusive. The results of some studies matched those of the ethnic majority, others reported less positive attitudes towards the in-group, while still others reported no differences in the attitudes between the ethnic in-group and ethnic out-group. The present program of research sought to examine a range of factors that have been proposed to contribute to the development of ethnic awareness and ethnic attitudes in ethnic majority and ethnic minority children. The examination of these factors in children from ethnic majority (Anglo-Australian) and ethnic minority (Pacific Islander) groups enabled a unique insight into the development of ethnic awareness and ethnic attitudes in children.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
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Jones, Matthew D. "Navajo Ethnic Identity and Acculturation: Discovering Connections Between Ethnic Identity, Acculturation, and Psychosocial Outcomes". DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6184.

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American Indians are severely disadvantaged and yet known relationships among risk and protective factors and cultural identification are limited. The current study assessed associations among measures of acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychosocial outcomes among Navajo adolescents. Adjustment of Navajo adolescents in the domains of school bonding, social functioning, self-esteem, depression, delinquent behaviors, and substance use was assessed. Navajo adolescents, between the ages of 14 and 18, also completed a self-report questionnaire containing the Revised Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale, and the Native American Acculturation Scale. Measures of ethnic identity were positively associated with aspects of psychosocial functioning for Navajo adolescents, with stronger predictions of school bonding, self-esteem, and social functioning outcomes emerging for males. The students' sense of affirmation and belonging to their ethnic heritage emerged as the strongest predictor of positive outcomes.
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Roberson, Patrick B. "Understanding ethnic conflict : a framework /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA392962.

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Ravindran, Rajan. "Religious desecration and ethnic violence". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FRavindran.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Anna Simons. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-66). Also available in print.
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GUICHARD, Sandrine, i DI CICCONE Rémy LUBRANO. "Ethnic TV advertising in France". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1580.

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Nowadays, in France a debate on the implementation of ethnic statistics in order to appreciate the structure of the French population has been recently impulsed by the president, Nicolas Sarkozy. Indeed, for having a reliable tool which can be used to identify and count the different “visible communities” in its country, the French government is intending to modify the current legislation about collects of personal data. It initiates these legal procedures to be able to measure and judge racial discriminations that occur in several areas (employment, scholarship…). However, even if these steps are as goal a fall in ethnic discriminations, they keep highly controversial. Its opponents claim the French constitutional principles that want Republic to be indivisible.

This debate overall underlines the lack of an “ethno-racial” national referential. Nevertheless, individuals’ origins were progressively introduced into statistics.

- 1851: the first census including questions about nationality was realized (native French, naturalized French and foreign). (Courrier des statistiques n° 117-119, 2006, p 34)

- 1962: This census was completed by asking the origin nationality of the naturalized French.

- 1993: The Great Integration Council developed surveys about the ethnic structure of the French population for specifics purpose.

Now, only one major law – Information and freedom law of the sixth August 2004 – breaks the access to ethnic data. It stipulates that personal data which precise, directly or indirectly, racial or ethnic origins, political views, philosophical and religious ones are prohibited. (www.juriscom.net)

But some surveys highlighting ethnic origins can be conducted, on one condition; they must respect an individual agreement.

Both French debates on ethnic statistics and racial discriminations raise the issue of how important the minorities’ demographical and economical weight is. Indeed, more and more firms and marketing agencies have started to target ethnic market for few years.

According to the INSEE – the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies – and the INED – a French research institute specialized in demography and population studies –, ethnic minorities and immigrants in France are the same. Their number is around 4.3 millions people, that is to say 6.7% of the 2002’s French population (see Annexe 3).

But the ethnic minority notion is wider: as it was said before, the real statistics about such a sensitive issue are not clearly defined and collected by any French official institute. Indeed, Jean-Paul Tréguer and Jean-Marc Segati (Les nouveaux marketings, Dunod 2003) estimate ethnic communities’ population between roughly 12 and 14 millions people, more than 20% of the French population.

Moreover, SOPI – a marketing agency focused on ethnic marketing – conducted a consumer survey in 2004 that included ethnic data under control of several national and independent associations. (http://www.sopi.fr)

It concludes distinguishing six ethnic groups:

- Caribbean from France (Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Reunion Island…)

- Black Africans (Senegal, Mali, Cameroon…)

- Maghreb-Arabians (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia…)

- Indopakistanis (Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan…)

- East-Asians (China, Vietnam, Cambodia…)

- And other minorities (Anglo-Saxon, Latin American, Italian, Spanish…)

The weight of the visible minorities in the French population is enough important to arouse firms and marketing agencies' interests. Indeed, this part of the French population can be considered as a niche with its own and specific needs. Problems of discrimination and under representativeness highlighted ethnic communities can be perceived as a potential and profitable outlet. Taking progressively these markets into consideration, marketers have implemented a new kind of segmentation based on ethnic origins. Targeting depends on the ethnic background of every community. Each ethnic group, with its own values, beliefs and needs, forms an aggregated market.

French ethnic marketing is so in direct connection with the current French debate about the consideration of ethnic data in official statistics. Actually, with exact figures, ethnic groups would be quantifiable and identifiable. Clearer statistics are, easier target group are satisfied. Ethnic data would allow marketers to better understand and meet the needs and wants of these populations.

To sum up, ethnic marketing in France is dependent on ethnic statistics; so it is necessary to get round, without going against, the French principle which wants a Republic to be indivisible.

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43

Young, Terence. "Ethnic diversity and effective volunteerism". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ41824.pdf.

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44

Björling, Sofia. "Ethnic fashion : begrepp i förändring". Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-748.

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Syftet med denna studie är att se på hur begreppet etniskt mode används i praktiken inom dagens modejournalistik och inom den mode- och dräkthistoriska litteraturen, med utgångspunkt i hur etniskt mode och dräkt presenteras i forskningen. Etniskt mode som idag är ett väl använt begrepp som visar sig ha många olika innebörder. För det har visat sig att man med begreppet etniskt mode menar olika saker inom forskningen respektive inom mode- och dräkthistoriska översiktsverk samt inom modejournalistiken.
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45

Gold, Lisa Renee. "Communicating Ethnic Identity through Art". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515168.

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46

Perenich, Nick. "Political culture and ethnic identification". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1991. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/2.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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47

La'da, Csaba Attila. "Ethnic designations in Hellenistic Egypt". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627403.

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Клиненко, В. А., i Victor Dumka Nwiado. "The Ethnic Histoiy Of Nigeria". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20163.

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49

Rodriguez, R. Mishelle. "Ethnic Differences in Caregiving Style". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700008/.

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This study explored the caregiving styles of 306 grandparents raising grandchild across three ethnic groups (164 European Americans, 65 Latinos, and 77 African Americans). Significant differences were found in caregiving styles between European Americans and African Americans. Caregiver appraisal (burden, satisfaction, and Mastery) was found to be predictive of caregiving style across the entire sample, and differentially by ethnic group. Caregiver style was predictive of grandchild functioning across the entire sample, and differentially by ethnic group. Lastly, caregiver style was found to be predictive of grandparent well-being across the entire sample, and differentially by ethnic group. Implications are discussed in terms of the complex, multidimensional and culturally embedded nature of the caregiving experience and the importance of considering culture for optimal outcomes.
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McCallister, Gerald L. Jr. "Ethnic Similarity and Rivalry Relations". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700063/.

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Research on ethnicity and conflict treats the concept of ethnicity as defining the actors in these conflicts, whereas research on the construction and maintenance of ethnic identity explores why ethnicity unifies individuals into a single social group. What happens when this unifying concept is divided between two enemy countries? How does this situation influence peace settlements over territorial issues, armed conflict, and economic relations between these countries? To answer these questions, I create a continuous measure of ethnic similarity between rivals. I find that ethnic similarity can facilitate cooperation and exacerbate conflictual interactions between rivals, but governments will seek to limit interactions with their rival when the cross border ethnic groups are minorities. In addition, I create categorical predictors of ethnic similarity, which reveal nuances in these relationships. Specifically, rivalries sharing a pan-ethnic identity are more likely to engage in conflict regardless of actual ethnic similarity, and dyads with a majority in one country sharing ethnicity with a minority in another country are less likely to fight once in a state of rivalry. This is because a quid pro quo exists between these rivals where one rival can reduce oppression of the minority in exchange for the other rival not supporting secessions by their co-ethnics. These pairs of rivals also are more likely to attempt peace settlements. Contested nations, which are rivalry-dyads with similar ethnic majorities, are both the most likely of the ethnically similar rival categories to engage in militarized interstate disputes, but also engage in larger amounts of interstate trade.
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