Rozprawy doktorskie: „Ethnic comparison”

1

Thakar, Dhara Aniruddha. "Parenting style discrepancies a comparison inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic couples /". Connect to this title online, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/94/.

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2

Kirkland, Shari Lynn. "Loneliness and psychological adjustment: A comparison among three ethnic groups". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184578.

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In the current study differences between lonely and nonlonely black, Hispanic, and white subjects were assessed in an attempt to discover any group variation and to highlight the potential importance of research using different ethnic groups. Loneliness was chosen as the focus because it is well researched, and likely to be a problem across groups. Previous research has demonstrated that lonely white subjects exhibit an internal, stable attribution style which is related to their loneliness and psychological distress. It was hypothesized that lonely ethnic minorities would exhibit a more external, unstable attribution style and, hence, fewer symptoms of psychological distress than lonely whites. This hypothesis was based on research indicating that (1) some ethnic minority groups exhibit a more external locus of control than whites, and (2) self-blaming tendencies exacerbate negative emotions, cognitions, and behaviors. The results did not support the hypothesis. Regardless of loneliness, black subjects scored highest on psychological adjustment and lowest on internal, stable attributions for negative events, whereas Hispanics scored at the other extreme. Loneliness correlated with internal, stable attributions for negative outcomes, and with psychological maladjustment, although the strength of these relationships varied with ethnicity. Implications of generalizing findings across groups were discussed.

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3

Herz, Lorrie A. "Immigration to Norwich, Connecticut : a comparison of three Catholic ethnic communities /". View abstract, 2001. http://library.ccsu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/showit.php3?id=1629.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2001.
Thesis advisor: Heather Munroe Prescott. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-91).

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4

Lee, Sang Lim. "Racial and Ethnic Comparison of Migration Selectivity: Primary and Repeat Migration". DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/201.

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The purposes of this study are to examine migration disparities in primary, onward, and return migration by Hispanics, non-Hispanic black, and non-Hispanic white and to inspect the differences among the various types of migration. In addition, this study explores explanations of the migration disparities. These have been rarely studied because of a lack of proper migration data. This research employs the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY79) for a logistic regression of primary migration and for a hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM) of the two types of repeat migration, namely onward and return. The results demonstrate that whites are more likely to make primary and onward migrations compared to blacks and Hispanics. But, with return migration, significant differences between whites and other minorities are not found. With respect to the contributors or explanations, this study indicates that the racial/ethnic migration disparities are not explained by socioeconomic status as opposed to explanations by human capital perspectives. The racial/ethnic disparities in migrations seem to be produced by discrimination and an unequal distribution of opportunities. Return migration presents several interesting different patterns compared with the other type migrations, including the effects of age and educational attainment. For return migration, old and less educated individuals have higher odds, showing reversed pattern of total, primary, and onward migration. The findings seem to indicate that different characteristics are involved in different types of migration.

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5

Campbell, Claudia M. "Ethnic differences in responses to multiple experimental pain stimuli". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003881.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 32 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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6

Becher, Anika [Verfasser]. "Explaining Ethnic and Election Violence : Kenya and Malawi in Comparison / Anika Becher". Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122046839/34.

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7

Djoukeng, Josephine Tsobgni. "Comparison of Risk Factors for Hypertension Among Blacks, Whites and Mexican Americans". Thesis, Howard University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10190568.

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The purpose of the study was to compare risk factors for hypertension among African Americans, Whites and Mexican Americans. The following risk factors were investigated: demographic, socio-demographic, dietary intakes (total calories, fiber, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, total protein, fat (saturated, cholesterol, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated), blood pressure, smoking, alcoholic, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), health insurance, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behaviors.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010 data were utilized for this study. The sample included 1,745 individuals, aged 40-60 years. SUDAAN software was used for data analysis. Statistical procedures included chi-square and t-tests. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine variables predictive of hypertension in each of the ethnic groups.

Except for systolic blood pressure (SBP) in Mexican Americans, SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were higher in African-American, White and Mexican-American males compared to females. WC and BMI (except in African Americans), smoking in African Americans, Mexican Americans and Whites were significantly higher in hypertensives. Moderate and vigorous activities in Whites, vigorous weekly activity in Mexican Americans, and walking/bicycling for transportation in African Americans were lower in hypertensives.

African Americans were more hypertensive and higher DBP than Whites and MA, and highest SBP followed by Mexican Americans, then Whites. Higher dietary intakes of cholesterol and protein were found in hypertensive African Americans.

SBP was higher in African Americans with annual household incomes of $20,000-$34,999 and $55,000-74,999, Whites with annual household incomes of $35,000-$74,999. DBP was higher in African Americans with annual household incomes of $55,000-74,999, but lower in Whites with annual household incomes of $75,000-$99,999.

White males were more hypertensive than White females. In all ethnic groups subjects aged 50-60 years were more hypertensive than those aged 40-49 years. DBP was lower in African Americans with high school or GED diplomas. SBP was lower in Whites with College degrees or higher levels of education. DBP was higher in Whites and Mexican Americans with high school or GED diplomas. Whites with health insurance had lower SBP and DBP levels, and African Americans with health insurance had lower DBP levels.

Future studies on hypertension in the three ethnic groups should include dietary intakes determined using 3day food records, as well as dietary protein and cholesterol intakes in African Americans.

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8

Allen, Tracey. "The nature of transfer experience for students leaving compulsory secondary schooling to continue further education : a comparison of ethnic minority and ethnic majority experience". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30963.

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This thesis outlines contemporary transfer experience for students continuing education at sixteen, subsequent to experience of full-time compulsory education. There is a special concern to contrast experience along lines of ethnicity. This thesis utilises research evidence gained between 1997-1998 as well as enlisting support from other studies and theoretical models. Questionnaire responses of 315 Year 11 school students and 210 college students are used to develop the picture of transfer experience. More detail is gained from interviews involving college students and teaching staff. Evidence is considered in relation to two dominant themes; Student Orientation and Student Identity. Student Orientation discusses motivations for choices, peer relationships, tutor relationships, adjustment and satisfaction. Student identity explores the importance of ethnic identity, self-esteem and locus of control within the transfer context. Overall, a period of adjustment and evaluation is involved in this phase of transfer and the experience is positive for most. However, exploration of peer contact reveals a greater sense of isolation among minority ethnic groups. Students from minority ethnic groups also tend to attach more importance to ethnicity. Conversely, various configurations emerge concerning self-esteem and locus of control. However, no single ethnic group demonstrates any propensity to positive or negative extremes. A review of research and theoretical models has led to the conclusion that ethnic identity, self-esteem and locus of control are flexible, inter-related and often contingent upon social context. An appreciation of these characteristics assists in explaining inconsistent results that emerged. This thesis aims to highlight similarities as well as differences in experience and promotes an understanding of this inconsistency in relation to flexible notions. Consequently, a strong challenge is made against essentialist and stereotypical philosophies.

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9

Leung, Ho Hon 1961. "Cultural sensitivity in the context of ethnic polities : a comparison of two families service agencies". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37763.

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This study explores the complex issues in culturally sensitive social services in the context of ethnic polities. We examine the reasons why the social service sector fails to provide equitable services to minorities. We explore the concept of ethnic match, services delivered by ethnic personnel, in an ethnic agency and using ethnic practice, as an attainable solution to the problems, by comparing with a Chinese and a Jewish ethno-specific family service agency in Montreal. The ways they deliver sensitive services to communities members and the challenges they face are documented. The dynamic of the ethnic polities in which these two agencies operate is also examined. We argue the formation and functioning of these agencies are shaped by a set of internal factors (within the communities) and external factors (in Quebec society). Culture plays a vital role in service delivery and help seeking, and also in the organization of these ethnic communities. Policy implications are discussed, and future research is suggested.

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10

Bruno, Marco. "The representation of ethnic stereotypes in the american media: birth, evolution and comparison with reality". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16496/.

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11

Koyama, Tetsuharu. "Universals in perceived politeness: Comparison of native and non-native speakers of English". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278766.

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Notwithstanding its significance as a communicative apparatus for social interaction, the general mechanism of politeness has been less clear partly because a wide variety of realization patterns of politeness strategies exist across cultures and languages. Researchers who are sensitive to the cultural and linguistic diversities of communication styles have claimed that politeness varies in its conceptualization and practices across cultures and languages, whereas linguists in pragmatics have assumed that politeness is a part of a universally rational communication system that operates in the same way for any language user. This study attempts to investigate the universal mechanism of politeness presumably built into any language system. At the same time, potential cross-cultural differences in values assigned to politeness are explored to determine what interferes with people's universal competence in perceiving politeness. In comparing native and nonnative speakers of English, people's judgments of politeness and other notions closely related to politeness were assessed for several speech act types in English. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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12

Darby, Jake. "Comparison of complete mitochondrial genome sequence between different ethnic groups from Southern Africa / by Jake Darby". Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/533.

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The human mitochondrial genome is a 16,569 base pair double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule located in the mitochondrion. The mitochondria1 genome sequence is conserved, maternally inherited and undergoes no recombination, making its evaluation ideal for evolutionary studies. Certain alterations in the genome are unique to specific human populations and haplogroups. The genetic background, or haplogroup of an individual, may act in concert with disease associated mutations. The ethnicity of an individual is often utilised as an indicator of haplogroup. During this investigation the full mitochondrial sequence of 10 individuals belonging to three ethnic Southern African populations, namely three Xhosa, three Zulu and four Tswana individuals, was generated. The complete nucleotide sequences were compared to one another in order to determine the genetic relationship between individuals. Sequences were also evaluated against the 2001 revised Cambridge reference sequence (RCRS) to detect novel alterations as well as alterations present in all individuals analysed. A total of 222 alterations (207 previously reported, 15 unreported) were detected relative to the RCRS. Five length alterations and 207 nucleotide substitutions were detected. Ninety-eight alterations were detected only once, and 115 were detected in at least two individuals. Haplogroup analysis clustered individuals into haplogroups LO, L2 and L3. No clear correlation between haplogroup assignment and ethnic origin could be observed. The distribution of shared alterations between individuals was in agreement with the haplogroup clustering. Ethnicity can therefore not be utilised as an indicator of haplogroup in the context of the current study. To investigate the association between disease presentation and haplogroup, individuals will have to be randomly sampled and then haplogrouped. Reasons to substantiate the lack of association between ethnicity and haplogroups include the occurrence of gene flow between populations, inaccurate ethnic and incomplete haplogroup classification and populations not being sufficiently divergent.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Biochemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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13

Atzaba-Poria, Naama. "Risk factors for problem behaviour : a comparison between ethnic minority and majority children living in Britain". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843171/.

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In this study the risk factors for problem behaviour in childhood were investigated, and differences between ethnic minority and majority children were examined. The study had two main goals. Firstly, to examine the differences in problem behaviour between ethnic minority and majority children and to explore variation in children's adjustment within the Indian group according to parental acculturation style. Secondly, to identify the risk factors for problem behaviour and to investigate the manner by which they act together in putting children at risk. The sample consisted of 125 children between the ages of 7 and 9.6 (M=8.51, SD=.62) and their parents. Fifty-nine children were English (28 boys and 31 girls) and 66 were Indian (36 boys and 30 girls). Parents and teachers completed questionnaires regarding the children's problem behaviour. Both mothers and fathers provided reports of the children's temperament, their parenting style, their use of discipline, marital satisfaction, social support and job spillover. In addition, the children's IQ was assessed, and the children also reported about their own self-worth, their parents' behaviour, the sibling relationship, and friendship quality. Finally, parent-child mutuality and parenting behaviour were coded from a videotaped parent-child interaction task. Addressing the first goal, results indicated that Indian children exhibited more internalising problems than their English peers. Furthermore, within the Indian group, children of mothers who adopted a marginalisation style of acculturation, and whose parents spoke less of their Indian language, exhibited more problem behaviours. Addressing the second goal, results supported the cumulative model, indicating that the extent of risk, rather than the specific type of risk, influenced children's behaviour. For example, 47% of the variance of total problem behaviour was accounted for by the cumulative risk index. Support was also found for some mediation effects. Specifically, parenting was revealed as one of the main mediators between risk factors and problem behaviour. Finally, moderation effects were found only for a limited number of cases, suggesting that risk factors act more in an additive than interactive manner. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering multiple risk factors when studying children's problem behaviour, and illustrate the utility of the ecological model.

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14

Liska, David. "Ethnic Differences in Intramyocellular Lipid Levels and Insulin Resistance in Obese Children and Adolescents". Yale University, 2006. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06282006-112819/.

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The prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese children and adolescents is growing at an alarming rate, especially in ethnic minorities. It is not clear whether young people of different ethnic backgrounds vary in their metabolic response to excessive adiposity. Differences in lipid partitioning in the abdominal fat compartments have been observed among different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are ethnic differences in intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) levels that are related to differences in insulin sensitivity. Eighty-two obese children and adolescents underwent 1) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to non-invasively quantify IMCL levels in their soleus muscle, 2) an oral glucose tolerance test and (in a subset of subjects) a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity, 3) a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan to measure total percent body fat, and 4) magnetic resonance imaging to measure abdominal fat distribution. IMCL levels in Hispanic children and adolescents (1.50 ± 0.64%) were significantly greater than in their Caucasian (1.19 ± 0.40%) and African-American (1.09 ± 0.49%) peers. Visceral fat was significantly lower in African Americans (42.7 ± 18.8cm2) and were similar in Caucasians (70.9 ± 27.5cm2) and Hispanics (77.3 ± 41.9cm2). The three groups were not different with respect to insulin sensitivity. For the entire cohort, IMCL levels were inversely related to insulin sensitivity. There was a significant correlation between visceral fat and insulin resistance in Hispanics and Caucasians but not in African Americans. In conclusion, these data suggest that there are significant ethnic differences in lipid partitioning in both the muscle and abdominal compartment. These findings may explain ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity and further the understanding of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM.

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15

Peens, Anquanette. "A comparison of different interventions for children with developmental coordination disorder / Anquanette Peens". Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/999.

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Research indicates that Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is associated with a poor self-concept and high levels of anxiety (peens et al., 2004; Piek et al., 2000; Skinner & Piek, 2001). Research also substantiates that participation in a well planned motor intervention programme can enhance the self-concept of a child with DCD (Colchico et al., 2005). Literature further indicates that DCD is associated with neuro-motor problems which may vary in severity (Sigmundsson & Hopkins, 2005). It is further indicated that more boys than girls are diagnosed with DCD and also that, in general, boys have a higher self-concept than girls (Maldonado-Duran, 2002; Stein et al., 1998). The aim of this study was firstly, to determine the influence of DCD on the self-concept and anxiety of 7-9 year old children in the Potchefstroom district. Secondly, the study aimed to determine whether gender and the ethnic group of DCD children have an effect on the success of different intervention programmes. A third aim was to determine whether a motor based intervention programme, a self-concept enhancing programme or a combination of the two (psycho-motor intervention programme) would have the best effect on enhancing children's self-concept and motor proficiency. Lastly, the study attempted to determine whether neuro-motor problems could have a negative influence on an intervention programme for DCD children. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency (BOTMP-SF), Sensory Input Measurement Instrument (SIM) and Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST) were used to determine children's motor proficiency as well as possible neuro-motor problems. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Child Form) (TSCS-CF) and Child Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to determine the children's self-concept and anxiety respectively. One way variance of analysis, repeated measures analysis, independent t-testing, co-variance of analysis as well as correlational coefficients (r) were conducted, using the Statistica computer package in order to analyze the data according to the above-mentioned aims. A p-value of smaller than or equal to 0.05 was accepted as a significant difference. From the results of the study it seemed that the self-concept and anxiety of randomly selected 7-9 year old children (N=58) diagnosed with DCD are negatively influenced and that girls are more vulnerable to these influences. Repeated measure analyses over a period of one year showed that of the three programmes the motor intervention programme showed the best results at improving the children's motor proficiency while, on the other hand, the psychomotor intervention programme improved their self-concept most. Ethnic group and gender did not have a significant effect on the success of intervention programmes. Lastly, it was found that underlying neuro-motor problems could influence the effect of an intervention programme negatively. It is clear from this study that DCD has a negative effect on children, but that participation in a well planned intervention programme will have positive effects on both their motor proficiency and self-concept.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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16

Saw, Myat Sandy. "Problems of democratic transitions in multi-ethnic states comparison between the former Yugoslavia and present days Myanmar". Stuttgart Ibidem-Verl, 2006. http://d-nb.info/994353324/04.

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17

Arcidiacono, Steven. "Predicting Cardiovascular Fitness in Ethnic Minority Youth: A Comparison of Demographic, Body Composition, and Physical Activity Variables". Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/112.

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Prevalence of obesity, low physical activity, and poor physical fitness of youth in the United States are increasingly poor and in need of intervention to prevent later concerns like hypertension. The overall goal of this dissertation was to examine which factors weigh heaviest in predicting cardiovascular fitness in diverse youth, and how we might measure those factors by maximizing clinical utility and psychometric properties. The sample was gathered from a larger study examining physical activity in youth from Miami-Dade county enrolled in out-of-school programs. Participants (N = 58) were aged 6-17 and comprised exclusively of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black children and adolescents, the majority of whom were from low-income families. Predictors of fitness were gathered in three primary categories: demographic variables (age, gender, race/ethnic category, family income level), body composition (Body Mass Index [BMI] percentile, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis [BIA]-measured body fat percentage), and habitual physical activity (accelerometer-measured counts per minute). These factors were entered in a hierarchical regression model to predict cardiorespiratory fitness measured by performance on a 20-meter shuttle run. Physical activity was not found to be significantly associated with fitness, and the effect size of this relationship was small, particularly when considering the impact of demographic and body composition variables. Overall, results reinforced the need for interventions to improve body composition and increase physical activity: the average participant was at the 81st percentile of BMI, had 26% body fat, was sedentary for approximately 84% of awake time, and only spent a few minutes per day engaging in vigorous physical activity. There were significant main effects of gender and race/ethnic category such that males and Non-Hispanic Black participants generally spent a greater proportion of time engaging in physical activity, with less sedentary time. Being female, younger, and having less body fat was associated with performance in the healthy fitness range when considering the impact of other variables, even though boys and older participants had more laps on the shuttle run. Findings presented in this dissertation indicate a continued need to develop technology with high utility, validity, and reliability to measure and improve indicators of health in diverse, low-income youth.

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18

Hwang, Eun Jin. "A COMPARISON OF THE CULTURAL/ETHNIC PERCEPTIONS AND EDUCATIONAL BELIEFS OF KOREAN IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT FAMILIES". OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/596.

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As a critical unit for identifying family-constructed meanings of education, a deeper contextual understanding of Korean immigrant parents' cultural/ethnic perceptions in relation to educational beliefs should be central to culturally responsive education designed to support Korean immigrant families. It is necessary for educators to examine the beliefs and practices of Korean immigrant families around education in order to broaden the educational conversation and mutual understanding between parents and teachers for effectively facilitating their children's learning and socialization. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the variations in cultural/ethnic perceptions and educational beliefs about childrearing and early schooling among three Korean parent groups: (a) 79 Korean immigrant parents in the U.S., (b) 98 Korean parents with no transnational experiences outside of the country of origin, Korea, and (c) 42 transnational parents in Korea who have returned from the U.S. to Korea. It examined the relationships between cultural/ethnic factors and Korean parents' educational beliefs about young children's learning and socialization. This study was a mixed methods design. Research findings from the quantitative survey data indicate several significant intracultural variations in cultural/ethnic perceptions and educational beliefs and noteworthy relationships among variables (e.g., between socio-demographic factors and acculturation, between enculturation and educational beliefs, etc.). Probing further through interviews, this study qualitatively explored four Korean immigrant parents' cultural/ethnic experiences with their children's schooling to raise additional questions regarding beliefs, attitudes, and values emerging in daily family lives. The findings indicate that Korean immigrant families encounter dual processes of acculturation and enculturation, that is, integration rather than assimilation, that can be potentially challenging for facilitating their children's learning and socialization. (Cho, Chen, & Shin, 2010; Miyoshi, 2011; Song, 2010). The findings suggest that Korean immigrant families develop particular culture-belief structures derived from experiences of socio-cultural transformations between their own socio-cultural contexts and the mainstream school settings of their children. This study provides a critical foundation for a contextual understanding of Korean immigrant parents' educational beliefs and practices related to early school schooling while being acculturated into the dominant school culture and curriculum. The implications are discussed for culturally responsive education.

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19

Wilson, Teresa Ann 1950. "A comparison of maternal prenatal attachment between Anglo and Mexican-American primigravidae". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278682.

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To compare maternal prenatal attachment between Anglo and Mexican American women, 68 low-risk primigravidae at 23 to 41 weeks gestation were recruited from childbirth classes, prenatal clinics, and a private obstetrician's office. The respondents completed a questionnaire that included the Muller Prenatal Attachment Inventory as well as provided information on ethnic identity and demographic variables. The questionnaires were available in both English and Spanish. There were no significant differences on maternal prenatal attachment scores between Anglo and Mexican American mothers in this sample. One of the most significant findings was that the women in this sample who were taking prenatal classes tended to be younger and have lower educational and income levels.

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20

Rowe, Evan D. "The visage of an island : a comparison of the religious, political, and ethnic landscape in post-1974 Cyprus /". Abstract Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000505/02/1961FT.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.
Thesis advisor: Cynthia Pope. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-124). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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21

Braithwaite, Jeffrey O'Neal. "Hard to hear voices : a comparison of internal and external ethnic minority pressure groups within the policing sector". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435844.

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The current legislative context for policing is indicative of a growing concern over police policy-making and police decision-making. The Police Reform Act 2002, for example, introduces new frameworks of governance for the police service and new arrangements for police policy-making. This coincides with a growing research interest into the police policy-making process and in particular the role of "pressuregroups" in campaigning for influence over the policy process. Against this backcloth, we have witnessed an increasing focus on the nature of police relations with minority ethnic communities driven by, above all, the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. This thesis seeks to draw each of these developments together by examining the role of minority ethnic pressure groups in police decision-making and policy-making, one "internal", one "external" to the police organisation, respectively the Black Police Association (BPA) and the Independent Advisory Group (lAG). By means of qualitative research, primarily by interview, the thesis examines the individual and comparative destiny of the BPA's and lAG's role. Using an insider-outsider framework, it traces the respective strengths and weaknesses of each group in terms of drivers, formation, networking and impact. On this basis, the thesis concludes that the BPA may be seen as a "slow burning fuse", reflecting longer-term problems and issues in terms of equality within the police service and, as such, has exerted an incremental form of influence over policy-making. Alternatively, the lAG has enjoyed a more catalytic influence over the policing sector because of the particular configuration of events surrounding the Macpherson imperatives. The policy environment, which emerged concerning the Lawrence case, became one in which winning the confidence of minority ethnic communities in the police service was paramount and pressing. As a result, the impact of the lAG was more dramatic and high profile than was the case of the BPA. This thesis makes a contribution to the wider study of pressure groups particularly around the issue of insider-outsider groups.

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22

James, Brian M. "Ethnic identity among people of Mexican descent : a comparison of self reference, perception of similarity, and interaction preference /". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063347/.

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23

Garbaye, R. "A comparison of the strategies of management of ethnic conflict of French and British cities : the cases of Birmingham, Lille, and Roubaix, 1980-2000". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368867.

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24

Gover, Kristie S. "Ethnic Differences In Alcohol Use: A Comparison of Black and White College Students in a Small Private University Setting". UNF Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/422.

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An identified gap in the literature associated with college student alcohol use is the exploration of the problem based on ethnicity, specifically possible differences in use between Black and White college students. The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in alcohol use for Black and White college students at a small private university in the southeast United States. The study was conducted using the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey Long Form, which is designed to collect data related to self reported use of alcohol and perceptions of alcohol use among college students. A quantitative methodology was employed by using the statistical analyses one way analysis of variance, difference in proportions, confidence intervals, and multiple regression analysis. The data revealed significant differences by ethnicity exist between Black and White college students when exploring data associated with drinking during the 30 days prior to taking the survey and consuming five or more drinks in a sitting during the two weeks prior to taking the survey. The motivational factors associated with alcohol consumption did not reveal differences based on ethnicity, and the perception of alcohol use at the research site did not differ by ethnicity. The multiple regression analysis revealed that a combination of factors can be used to predict alcohol use, and the strongest predictor identified was the level of leadership in a social fraternity or sorority. The results provided a great deal of insight into the culture of alcohol use at the research site, and the results may assist personnel in the development of a prevention and educational plan to address the problem on campus.

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25

Matthews, Yanique T. "Program satisfaction, school climate perceptions, and psychoeducational experiences in college preparatory programs : a comparison of Caucasian and ethnic minority students". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003247.

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26

Wiseley, Mark Christopher. "Non-verbal intelligence and Native-American Navajo children: A comparison between the CTONI and the WISC-III". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280609.

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This study investigated the validity of the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI) as a measure of intelligence for use with Native-American learning disabled students. Forty boys and ten girls between the ages of 7 and 16 and who are Native-American Navajo students with a learning disability in reading and/or mathematics participated in this study. Each participant was administered the CTONI, the WISC-III, and the WIAT. The results from this study indicated that the CTONI exhibited less variability among its composite IQ scores than the WISC-III. The CTONI and the WISC-III Full-scale IQ, Verbal IQ and Performance IQ correlate moderately. The CTONI and WISC-III are significantly predictive of reading achievement but account for less than 11% of the common variance. Yet, the CTONI and the WISC-III are moderately correlated with mathematics achievement. Factor Analytic Results suggest that the factorial structures of the CTONI and the WISC-III for this sample of Native-American students are consistent with the factorial structures proposed by the respective test authors. The CTONI appears to be a valid measure of intelligence for use with Native American populations. The implications of the findings of the CTONI with Native-American populations are discussed.

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Liang, Ying. "How do romantic relationships impact mental health? The role of traditional values-a cross-cultural comparison". Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618873.

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The current study sought to examine the role of traditional values in China and the United States as one of the important social psychological mechanisms through which romantic relationships affect mental health. The work is guided by the Social Structure and Personality framework, focusing on the meaning construction dictated by traditional values in the stress process, while also addressing the structural and cultural origins of meanings. Specifically, I used path models to examine how those internalized values moderate the impacts of romantic relationships on the mental health of Chinese and American college students and also compared the effects across gender and nations with Multi-group SEM method. The results show that traditional values work as a major social-psychological mechanism influencing Chinese students only by exacerbating the impacts of breakups on their depression. In terms of gender and national patterns, the most important finding is that the unconditional main effect of traditional values differs across gender and nations and Chinese women are mostly harmed by those values. The results partially support the theoretical construction and also add to both the meaning studies in the stress process and the substantive research of romantic relationships and mental health.

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Kwast-Welfeld, Joanna. "Intergenerational value similarity in Polish immigrant families in Canada in comparison to intergenerational value similarity in Polish and Canadian non-immigrant families". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26682.

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This study examined intergenerational value similarity in Polish immigrant families in Canada in comparison to value similarity in non-immigrant families, that is, Polish families in Poland and Canadian families in Canada. The 460 volunteers---members of 155 families living in Poland and Canada---participated by filling out the parent's or young adult's version of the questionnaire. In order to determine an impact of immigration on the value transmission process, the four scales of the Emic Questionnaire of Cultural Values and Scripts (EQCVS) were employed to measure similarity of value priorities and value congruence between parents and their grownup children in the three cultural groups. Comparisons of the groups' mean value scores revealed a generational effect, which depending on the value type, has shown to be culture-specific. However, both the group and family level of analyses showed no effect of immigration on the parent-child value similarity. The five scales of the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire - College Version (PAFS-QCV), the four scales of Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (OEMEIS) questionnaire and some demographic data were employed to test a possible association of contextual variables with parent-child value similarity. The study identified intergenerational relational styles, value similarity within the family and young-adult's identity status as culture specific predictors of parent-child value similarity. Even though the study applied different methods and levels of data analysis, it did not detect a difference in the levels of parent-child value similarity among immigrant and non-immigrant families. The lack of statistically significant difference as well as observed trends in differences in intergenerational similarity of values among the groups tested, and possible explanations for these results are discussed.

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Jamil, Nor Aini. "Vitamin D and muscle strength in ethnic minorities visiting Scotland : and a comparison of their sunlight behaviour with residents of South East Asia". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228979.

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There is a paucity of longitudinal data investigating the role of vitamin D in the maintenance of health in ethnic minority groups. Specifically, little is known about the role of vitamin D on muscle strength, how this affected by emigrating from low to high latitudes. This PhD thesis provides insight into the relationship between vitamin D status and muscle strength in healthy adults migrating from sunny climates (45°N to 45°S to the equator) to higher latitude (Aberdeen, 57°N) (first study) and also sunlight behaviours in both low and high latitudes (second study). A total of 71 people of ethnic minority aged 19-42 years took part in the first study with 56% were seen within 3 months of arriving in Aberdeen (newcomers) and the remainder having been resident for any longer period than this (residents). Participants attended visits every 3 months for 15 months. At each visit, fasted blood samples were collected for analysis of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] by dual tandem-mass spectrometry, parathyroid hormone (PTH), carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX) and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured using a Takei digital grip dynamometer (both arms) and a Biodex dynamometer (right knee) for isometric knee extension and isokinetic knee extension and flexion. Mean baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in the newcomers (35.2 nmol/L) than the residents (25.0 nmol/L, p<0.01). After adjusting for the season of measurement at baseline, there was a trend for higher vitamin D status only between newcomers arriving in spring (33.5 nmol/L) and residents (26.8 nmol/L, p=0.09), but not between the newcomers arriving in autumn (36.1 nmol/L) and residents in autumn (35.2 nmol/L, p=0.81). Notably, few newcomers (13%) and residents (7%) had 25OHD concentrations >50 nmol/L. There was a small seasonal variation in 25(OH)D concentration with the difference between zenith (summer/autumn) and nadir (winter/spring) was 5 nmol/L, 6 nmol/L, and 12 nmol/L among the newcomers arriving in spring, autumn and residents, respectively. There was no seasonal variation in bone turnover markers. There was a positive, albeit small, association between vitamin D and knee extensor isometric torque. Mixed modelling predicted that each 1 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D would increase peak torque by 1 Nm (p=0.04). If extrapolated to higher 25(OH)D, the change in muscle strength would be clinically meaningful. In the second study, 117 Asians in Kuala Lumpur (3°N) and 110 non-Europeans (78% Asians) in Aberdeen were recruited and monitored for one year [every 3 months for participants in Aberdeen and during Southwest monsoon (SWM; July-Sept) and Northeast monsoon (NEM; Nov-Feb) in Kuala Lumpur]. Personal sunlight exposures were assessed by polysulphone film badges and a web-based questionnaire. Asians living in their usual environment (Kuala Lumpur) had similar sunlight behaviours to Asians living in Aberdeen. Sunlight was the major source of vitamin D in Kuala Lumpur during both seasons (median % cutaneous in SWM = 61%; NEM = 59%), but only during summer in Aberdeen (52%). Dietary intakes provided the most source of vitamin D in Aberdeen during autumn (94%), winter (97%) and spring (56%). This thesis has added evidence to the current limited observations on vitamin D and muscle strength, particularly in the cohort of young adults migrating from low to high latitudes. Intervention studies are yet to be conducted with a speculation that an increase in vitamin D status may show a positive impact on muscle strength. The extent of low sunlight behaviour among healthy adults in Kuala Lumpur is of concern.

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Nanongkhai, Anak 1964. "A comparison of four FIDER accredited interior design programs in the United States to the four interior design programs of higher education in Thailand". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277978.

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The main purpose of this study is to compare and analyze four interior design programs in the United States, offered at the first professional degree level, to the four interior design programs offered at the baccalaureate level in Thailand. The eight selected programs were: Arizona State University, University of Cincinnati, University of Missouri-Columbia, Rhode Island School of Design, Silpakorn University, King Mongkut's Institution of Technology, Rangsit University, and Bangkok University. The procedure for comparing these programs was made by using the Foundation for Interior Design Education Research's (FIDER's) Eight Basic Categories of Standards for accreditation. An in-depth analysis of each program was completed by breaking down the number of courses and the number of credit hours required in each interior design program and then placing each one into the appropriate FIDER category. In conclusion, the researcher found that between the two countries, the interior design programs showed much variation.

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Pienta, Alison Jo. "Planning for multiculturalism: a comparison of approaches in two metro-Atlanta cities". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45784.

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Over the past two decades, the Atlanta metropolitan region has seen a large increase in its immigrant population, particularly in the city's northern suburbs situated in Gwinnett County around the famously multi-ethnic Buford Highway corridor. The suburbs of Norcross and Duluth have experienced a particularly large influx of immigrants from Asia and Central and South America. Once predominantly white bedroom communities, the cities' racial and ethnic make-up are now heavily defined by their Asian and Hispanic populations. Many residents and business owners are foreign-born or second-generation immigrants, and the number is growing. Despite this significant demographic shift, little attention has been paid to how multiculturalism fits into the planning process and how they are affected by local planning procedures and priorities. The cultural and linguistic divides found in Atlanta's continuously-diversifying social landscape remain largely unexplored and unaddressed in conventional planning practices. This research looks at demographic data and planning initiatives in Gwinnett County, and the cities of Duluth and Norcross in particular, to determine the extent that Asian and Hispanic populations are represented and involved in the planning process. An examination of public participation and community involvement in issues relating to land use, housing, and transportation is used to assess the degree of inclusion in planning and measure the extent to which increased cultural diversity is addressed in the region and in the two cities. I will argue that if the Asian and Hispanic populations are not engaged in planning processes and if their needs are not accounted for in city plans, there could be a resulting negative impact on those populations and the city in which they live.

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Ruedin, Didier. "Symbolic and ideological representation in national parliaments : a cross-national comparison of the representation of women, ethnic groups and issue positions in national parliaments /". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:94320eba-9ccd-4bfa-90c8-230462fe2eb8.

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Slaughter, Robert P. "A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Civilian Conservation Centers and Contract Centers From 1984 to 1988". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1990. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2794.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the continuous instability of policy decisions relating to the effectiveness of Civilian Conservation Centers and Contract Centers was a result of measurable differences in performance between the two models. Six hypotheses tested differences between types of centers on six quantitative variables which were: average length of stay, job placement, hourly starting wages, educational gains in reading, math, and General Educational Development (GED). To investigate the problem, 30 Civilian Conservation Centers and 17 comparably sized Contract Centers were selected. Reports from the Department of Labor's Automated Management System provided data for comparison between the two models. Results of the t test for independent samples indicated that CCCs demonstrated higher corpsmen placement rates, hourly starting wages, and GED completions. There were no significant differences between the models in average length of stay and educational gains for reading and math. Further research into the costs and benefits of CCCs should be pursued to establish whether CCC slots should be increased, to determine whether rural location is an impediment to program financial efficiency, and to determine if union involvement in vocational training programs is needed.

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Chow, Ka-kin Kelvin, i 周家建. "A study of the Chinese Canadians identity and social status in comparison with other minority ethnic groups in the 20th Century = 20 shi ji Jianada Hua ren yu qi ta shao shu zu yi de she hui shen fen yu di wei bi jiao". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202365.

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In tracing the experience of Chinese Canadians in the 20th Century, we need to look further back into its history. Most people believe that the increasing number of immigrants from Hong Kong, Taiwan and China in the 1980s and 1990s played the most important roles in the social and economic changes during the latest decades of the 20th Century. The contribution of the Chinese Canadians settlement throughout the 20th Century should also be considered as it marks the beginning of the rise of their social status and identity in Canada. Although the Chinese Canadians earned their fame and status since the 1980s, they had been racially discriminated for more than a century. To probe into the situation, the social and political situations in the Chinese Canadian community will be meticulously analyzed and their contribution in difference aspects examined. In addition, other minority ethnic groups, such as the Japanese, Jewish and Indian, will be used as a comparison to demonstrate the change of policies towards the Chinese in Canada. In doing so, both English and Canadian Chinese newspapers will be used to illustrate the cultural difference between the “whites” and “non-whites”. To illustrate the changes, the 20th Century will be break into three parts. In most of the pre-Second World War period, the Chinese community was isolated from the mainstream community with their activities largely confined to Chinatowns in cities, such as Vancouver, Victoria, Toronto and so on. For the Chinese living in small townships, such as Prince Rupert, Richmond and so on, their daily life will also be examined. When Canada declared war on Japan on 7th December 1941, Canada became an ally of China during the war. A sentiment of acceptance of the Chinese in the mainstream society began to take shape. Some of the Chinese chose to contribute their efforts to Canada by joining the Canadian Armed Forces and went into battle alongside the White Canadians. After the Second World War, Canada adopted a new policy towards the minority ethnic groups and Chinese Canadians started to enjoy political equality. In May 1947, the Canadian Government repealed the Chinese Immigration Act. In 1967, after the liberalization of the Canadian immigration policy, the Chinese, once again, were allowed to immigrate freely to Canada as an individual. With granted full citizenship, the Chinese social and political status began to change. In 1957, Douglas Jung, a Canadian born Chinese, was elected a Member of the Parliament, which can be seen as the beginning of the Chinese involvement in the political arena of the Canadian community. Since then, Chinese Canadians were able to achieve equality in the society. Based on documentary accounts and oral history research, this thesis re-constructed the history of Canadian Chinese involvement in the 20th Century and the change of their identity and social status thereafter.
published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Wen, Jewel Ji Yang. "Adult NZ Chinese comparative study of body composition measured by DEXA". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/385.

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Body fat, regional body fat and bone mineral mass, are linked to health conditions such as obesity and osteoporosis. The ethnic comparison of body composition may help to explain and understand the difference of health outcomes and health status in different ethnic groups. NZ Chinese is the largest Asian group in New Zealand, however, knowledge about health risks and body composition for NZ Chinese is very limited. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were: 1) To compare the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) of European (M29, F37), Maori (M23, F23), Pacific people (M15, F23), and Asian Indian (M29, F25) (existing data) with NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years; 2) To compare fat distribution, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ApSM), bone mineral density (BMD) and limb bone lengths across these five ethnic groups. A convenience sample of healthy NZ Chinese (M20, F23) was selected by BMI to cover a wide range of body fatness. Total and regional body fat, fat free mass (FFM) and bone mineral content were measured by whole-body Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The main study findings were: • For a fixed BMI, NZ Chinese had a higher %BF than European and less %BF than Asian Indian. At a %BF equivalent to a BMI of 30 kg.m-2 in Europeans (WHO threshold for obesity), BMI values for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese women were 5.8 and 2.2 BMI units lower than European, respectively, and for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese men, 8.2 and 3.0 BMI units lower. • Abdominal-to-thigh fat ratio of NZ Chinese was significantly higher than that of European (P<0.001) and similar to that of Asian Indian. NZ Chinese had a significantly higher central-to-appendicular fat ratio than both Asian Indian and European (P<0.001). NZ Chinese was centrally fatter than European and Asian Indian. • For the same height and weight, NZ Chinese had significantly less FFM (-2.1 kg, P=0.039) and ApSM (-1.4kg, P=0.007) than European. NZ Chinese had significantly more FFM (+3.2 kg, P=0.001) than Asian Indian and similar ApSM to Asian Indian. • For the same weight, NZ Chinese had a similar BMD as European for female and male. NZ Chinese male had a higher BMD (+0.07 g.cm-2, P= 0.001) than Asian Indian male. • Among the five ethnic groups, NZ Chinese had the shortest leg (-1.5cm, P=0.016) and arm bone lengths (-2.3cm, P=0.001) (measured by DEXA) for the same DEXA height. Therefore, the relationship between percent body fat and BMI for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese differs from Europeans and from each other, which indicates that different BMI thresholds for obesity may be required for these Asian ethnic groups. Given the relatively high percentage body fat, low appendicular skeletal muscle mass and high central fat to appendicular fat ratio of NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years demonstrated in this study, promotion of healthy eating and physical activity is needed to be tailored for NZ Chinese. The NZ Chinese community should be advised to keep fit, prevent limited movements in older age, and to prevent obesity and obesity-related diseases.

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Kapadia, Dharmi. "How are social networks associated with mental health service use? : a comparison between Pakistani women, and women of other ethnic groups in the United Kingdom". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/how-are-social-networks-associated-with-mental-health-service-use-a-comparison-between-pakistani-women-and-women-of-other-ethnic-groups-in-the-united-kingdom(3f997895-438c-4ba8-81d2-cd8b720681f0).html.

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Pakistani women in the UK have high levels of mental illness, alongside low levels of outpatient mental health service use, compared with women of other ethnic groups. Further, previous studies have suggested that Pakistani women have particularly low levels of social support, and high levels of social isolation which may reduce their chances of coming into contact with mental health services. However, to date, there has been little empirical evidence to support this. This thesis investigated the mental health service use, social networks' structure and function, and the relationship between the two, for Pakistani women compared with women of other ethnic groups. This was done using a systematic review of the relevant literature, and statistical modelling using two large nationally representative datasets from the UK. The first dataset, Understanding Society, was used to formulate latent classes of support networks, subsequently used in regression models to compare the support available in Pakistani women's networks with women of other ethnic groups. The second dataset, Ethnic Minority Psychiatric Illness Rates in the Community (EMPIRIC), was used to ascertain the influence of social networks (perceived social support, contact with relatives and friends, network composition, and size) on the use of outpatient mental health services, using logistic regression modelling. These data were also used to build a structural equation model to test the direct and indirect effects of social networks on outpatient mental health service usage, via their impact on mental illness. Pakistani women (along with Bangladeshi women) had the lowest rate of mental health service use, compared with women in other ethnic groups. Further Pakistani women were more likely to be socially isolated than White majority women, but there were largely no differences between Pakistani women and other ethnic minority women in the structure and function of social networks. Finally, there was evidence to suggest that social networks indirectly reduced mental health service use via their impact on mental illness. There were only small ethnic differences in the indirect effect of social networks on mental health service use, and these differences did not explain Pakistani women's under-use of mental health services.

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Liu, Liqun. "Pre-market characteristics, gender wage disparities, and the performance of minorities in the United States labor market Application and comparison of non-parametric methodologies on a highly-educated sample /". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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Pahlavan, Mehdi. "The new immigrant| A comparison of the factors contributing to upper class status among non-Hispanic groups in the United States". Thesis, Howard University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3629340.

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Historically, the majority of immigrants to the United States came from European countries. The 1965 Immigration Reform Act (IRA) fundamentally changed the configuration of immigrants to the United States. The largest immigrant communities now consist of Latin Americans, Asians, and Africans. Another important development in immigrant communities in the past few decades has been the growth of a disproportionately large upper class in non-Hispanic immigrant communities. In this study, I will investigate the determinants of upper class status with a focus on non-Hispanic immigrants in the United States.

I have used a theoretical framework consisting of a wide spectrum of social theories. The theoretical framework encompasses Demographic and Structural Factors, Assimilation Theory, Weberian Theory, Elite Theories, and Marxian Theory. From this wide spectrum of theories, I have developed a set of fifteen exogenous variables including key socio-demographic variables, metropolitan area, region, the number of hours worked, immigration from an English speaking country, citizenship status, the length of stay in the United States, occupational status, occupational prestige, educational attainment, private schooling, and employment status. Consequently, I have analyzed the influence of these variables on upper class status attainment among non-Hispanic immigrants in the United States.

The current study has utilized secondary data analysis from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS). Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the relationship among study variables. More specifically, by conducting block analysis, the result of the regression analysis spelled out the degree of influence of each theoretical perspective on the dependent variable, upper class status attainment.

The results of this study have revealed that Structural and Demographic factors make up the largest share of influence on upper class status attainment among non-Hispanic immigrants in the United States. The most influential variables emerged as “hours worked” (β = 0.211) from the Demographic and Structural Factors block, “educational attainment” (β = 0.174) from elite theory, and “Marital Status” (β = 0.119) from the Demographic and Structural Factors block respectively.

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Van, der Zwet Arno. "A comparison of civic and ethnic national identities in the Scottish National Party and Frisian National Party and their impact on attitudes towards European integration, immigration and multiculturalism". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16765.

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The civic versus ethnocultural dichotomy, used to distinguish between different types of nations and national identities, is in this thesis tested on two autonomist parties: the Scottish National Party (SNP) and Friesian National Party (FNP). Both parties are members of the European Free Alliance, ‘an alliance of regionalist and civic, democratic nationalist parties in Europe’ (EFA website). Each party’s position on issues pertinent to the dichotomy – European integration, immigration and multiculturalism – is analysed in order to test the value of the civic-ethnocultural dichotomy. A mixed methods approach is adopted, including quantitative analysis of surveys of both parties’ memberships and semi-structured interviews with party elites as well as documentary analysis. The conclusion is that a civic-ethnocultural framework is useful for analysing such parties but that it is conceptually unhelpful if conceived as a dichotomy and has greater value if understood in a more nuanced way. Instead, the framework can be conceptualised as multiple non-competitive continua with different dimensions that are related and whose association with the issues of European integration, immigration and multiculturalism is similar in direction, but diverges in strength.

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Rehman, Uzma S. "The association between communication behaviors and marital distress : a comparison of Pakistani, Pakistani immigrant, and White American couples /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162981.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychology, 2003.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 2, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: B, page: 1184. Chair: Amy Holtzwoth-Munroe.

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Kordus, Joanna. "Self-inscriptions : ethnic, indigenous, linguistic and female identity constructions in Canadian minority life writing. A comparison of Apolonja Kojder's "Marynia, Don't Cry" and Rita Joe's "Song of Rita Joe"". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4161.

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Despite Canada’s official policy of multiculturalism, until recently, the perspectives of the country’s lesser-known, marginalized writers have not been usually taken into consideration in mainstream discussions on the nature of Canadian identity and its socio cultural mosaic. Specifically, minority life writing narratives had generally received little critical attention in Canada. This paper aims to fill this slowly-decreasing gap through the exploration of two texts whose female writers negotiate their distinct ethnic and national selves within the cultural dominant of Canada. The essay compares Apolonja Kojder’s Polish-Canadian memoir, Marynia, Don’t Cry, to Rita Joe’s Mi’kmaq-Canadian autobiography, Song of Rita Joe. The analysis of these texts sets the Polish and Aboriginal communities into conversation, and yields a discussion on the nature of cultural, national, linguistic and female identity. It argues that identity is political, relational and always in process. Since much of the personal narrative writers’ identity struggle in an alien land and language often unravels as a translation of the self into another world, the two personal narratives add nuance to our understanding of the contradictions found in institutional policies. The study creates awareness of the literary and discursive strategies by which writers of disadvantaged communities challenge and subvert cultural oppression, identity misconstructions, and the exclusion of ethnic and women’s histories from within mainstream society. However, through the textual hybridization of cultures, languages, histories and life experiences, Kojder’s and Joe’s intention is to facilitate understanding across groups, create respect for diversity, propel social participation and induce socio political transformation. This paper means to shed light on the Canadian experience in its unique variations, and to add to life writing studies on ethnic and national individuals’ personal encounters with and within the Canadian socio- cultural and political milieu.

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Lewis, Cindy Lisa. "A between-subjects comparison of same-group and cross-group friendships amongst Coloured South African students at Stellenbosch Univeristy". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86223.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Interpersonal friendships fulfil several important functions in the lives of individuals across their lifespan, and cross-group friendships have been shown to be strongly associated with reduced outgroup prejudice (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). The emerging literature comparing same-group and cross-group friendships along interpersonal-level variables amongst majority-status participants in Northern Ireland, England, Serbia, and South Africa has consistently shown that same-gender, same-group friendships are rated as greater in overall quality than corresponding cross-group friendships (Swart et al., 2011). The present study aimed to replicate these findings amongst minority-status coloured South African respondents by (1) undertaking between-group comparisons of the mean-level scores reported for same-group and cross-group friendships along nine interpersonal-level variables, namely friendship length, friendship type, friendship closeness, friendship contact, friendship functions, friendship affection, interpersonal trust, positive reciprocal self-disclosure and negative reciprocal self-disclosure; (2) comparing the structural relationships between these interpersonal-level variables across the two friendship conditions; (3) exploring whether attitudes towards a specific outgroup exemplar (closest same-gender white South African friend) generalise towards more positive attitudes towards white South Africans in general; and (4) exploring the extent to which interactions with a specific cross-group friend were related to access with a wider social-network of outgroup peers and the development of further cross-group friendships. Cross-sectional, electronic survey data were collected amongst 302 coloured South African students studying at Stellenbosch University and included 157 respondents in the same-group condition and 145 respondents in the cross-group condition. Results showed that (1) same-group friendships were characterized by significantly greater intimacy and overall quality than cross-group friendships; (2) there exist several differences in the structural relationships between the interpersonal-level and group-level variables across the two friendship conditions; (3) that positive attitudes towards a specific outgroup exemplar generalised to more positive attitudes towards white South Africans in general; and (4) that a single cross-group friend provides valuable access to a broader network of outgroup peers with whom to form further cross-group friendships. These findings not only replicate the results found in the emerging literature (Goosen, 2011; Swart et al., 2011), they further its contributions by providing a comparison with minority-status groups
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Interpersoonlike vriendskappe vervul verskeie belangrike funksies in die lewens van individue in hul leeftyd. Kruis-groep vriendskappe dui aan dat dit in groot mate verbind word met verminderde buitgegroup veroordeeltheid (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). Die opkomende literatuur wat selfde-groep en kruis-groep vriendskappe vergelyk langs interpersoonlike-vlak veranderlikes onder meerderheid-status deelnemers in Noord-Ierland, Engeland, Serwië en Suid-Afrika en het gewys dat selfde-geslag, selfde-groep vriendskappe word gegradeer as groter in kwaliteit as ooreenstemmende kruis-groep vriendskappe (Swart et al., 2011). Die huidige, tussen-groep studie het „n poging aangewend om hirdie bevindinge te repliseer deur: (1) die gemiddelde-vlak punte vir selfde-groep en kruis-groep vriendskappe met nege interpersoonlike veranderlikes te vergelyk, naamlik die lengte van die vriendskap, vriendskap tipe, vriendskap nabyheid, vriendskaps kontak, vriendskap funksies, vriendskaps gehegtheid, interpersoonlike vertroue en positiewe en negatiewe wedersydse self-bekendmaking; (2) die strukturele verhoudings tussen hierdie interpersoonlike-vlak veranderlikes tussen die twee vreinskap-kondisies te vergelyk; (3) om te omdersoek of houdings teenoor „n spesifieke buitegroep model (naaste, selfde-geslag blanke Suid-Afrikaanse vriend) veralgemeen tot positiewe houdings teenoor blanke Suid-Afrikaners in die algemeen; en (4) te ondersoek tot watter mate wissel werking met „n spesifieke kruis-groep vriend aan verwant is met toegang na „n breër netwerk van buitegroep lede om verder kruis-groep vriendskappe te ontwikkel. Deursnee, elektroniese vraelyste data was ingesamel onder 302 kleurling Suid-Afrikaanse studente wat aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosh studeer en 157 proefpersone in die selfde-groep vriendskapskondisie as ook 145 proefpersone in die kruis-groep vriendskapskondisie. Die resultate het aangedui dat (1) selfde-groep vriendskappe word gekenmerk deur noemenswaardige hoër vlakke van die interpersoonlike veranderlikes as kruis-groep vriendskappe; (2) daar bestaan verskeie verskille in die strukturele verhoudings tussen die interpersoonlike-vlak en groep-vlak veranderlikes tussen die twee vriendskapkondisies; (3) dat positiewe houdings teenoor „n spesifieke buitegroep model word veralgemeen tot meer positiewe houdings teenoor blanke Suid-Afrikaners in die algemeen; en (4) dat „n enkele kruis-groep vriend waardevol toegang tot „n breër netwerk van buitegroepe lede verskaf en met wie verder kruis-groep vriendskappe geworm word.

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Varnum, Dwight L. "A comparison of factors influencing the choice of education as opposed to other academic majors selected by ethnic minority students in the minority advising program at the Ohio State University". The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1239879869.

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Giles, Sunnie. "The Effects of Parentification, Attachment, Family-of-Origin Dysfunction and Health on Depression: A Comparative Study between Gender and the Ethnic Groups of South Koreans and Caucasian Americans". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3410.

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Parentification is a process where children or adolescents assume adult roles before they are emotionally or developmentally ready, which, in turn, disrupts the development of healthy, secure attachment in childhood. Using 1,001 men and women from South Korea and the United States with equal division between males and females and multiple group comparison technique in structural equation modeling, this paper examined the relationship between parentification during childhood and depression during adulthood. It explores the cross-sectional long-term effects of parentification into adulthood, using a retrospective survey technique. This study also confirmed previous research findings that attachment, physical health and family-of-origin dysfunction, parental addiction in particular, significantly predict depression. This study is one of the few studies, using clinical data, that allows a direct comparison between different sample groups in two different countries and by gender.

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Espinosa, Juan Emilio. "Assessing the Factorial Validity, Measurement Invariance, and Latent Mean Differences of a Second-Order, Multidimensional Model of Academic and Social College Course Engagement| A Comparison Across Course Format, Ethnic Groups, and Economic Status". Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248471.

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The current study seeks to validate a second-order, multifaceted model of engagement that contains a behavioral, an emotional, and a cognitive subtype as proposed by Fredericks, Blumenfeld, and Paris’ (2004), while also incorporating literature on student interactions. The second-order, 12-factor model proposed and tested for its validity partitioned engagement into the second-order constructs of academic and social engagement and examined each of the three engagement subtypes in relation to the interactions that students experience with their course material, with their classmates, and with their instructors/teaching assistants. Since the proposed model did not meet accepted standards of fit, the dataset was randomly split into two approximately equal halves and a follow-up exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the first half of the dataset, which yielded a second-order, five-factor solution. The second-order academic engagement constructs that emerged from the EFA consisted of students’ behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement with their course material. In addition, two first-order factors emerged from the EFA, consisting of students’ emotional and cognitive engagement with their fellow students or classmates.

These constructs and relationships were consistent with the theory that drove the original proposed model, but differed slightly in their composition and relationship with one another. After establishing this empirical model through EFA procedures, the model was cross-validated on the second-half of the randomly split dataset and examined for invariance across students enrolled in online courses and students enrolled in traditional, in-person college courses, as well students from ethnically and economically diverse backgrounds. Latent mean comparisons revealed differences in levels of academic and social engagement between these three groups of students, suggesting that students enrolled in online courses and students from African-American and Latino/a ethnicities were slightly more academically engaged than their counterparts. However, students enrolled in online courses scored much lower than students enrolled in face-to-face courses on the social engagement measures, while students from African-American and Latino/a ethnic groups scored higher on the social engagement measures than did students from Asian and Caucasian ethnicities. Interestingly, no differences emerged between groups of students from lower and higher economic backgrounds.

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Perez, Carmen. "Prevalence and influence on quality of life of symptoms caused by inhaled odors, chemicals and irritants : a comparison between Hispanics and Americans". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002850.

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Zagefka, Hanna. "Comparisons and deprivation in ethnic minority settings". Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404511.

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Spence, Clay W. "Population Ethics: A Metaethical Comparison". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1268.

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In this thesis I establish a hitherto unseen parallel between John Rawls’ theory of justice and utilitarian accounts with respect to population ethics; I argue that the absurd conclusions which plague utilitarianism also plague Rawls’ theory. These are the repugnant and preposterous conclusions. I then argue that Kant's political philosophy offers the resources to escape these absurd conclusions because of a crucial metaphysical difference between theories governed by outcome-oriented considerations and those governed by freedom-oriented constraints.

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Suarez, Lourdes. "The relationship of childhood worry to information processing : multi-ethnic/cultural comparisons /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036862.

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Broh, Beckett A. "Racial/ethnic achievement inequality separating school and non-school effects through seasonal comparisons /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1069794238.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 107 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Douglas B. Downey, Dept. of Chemistry. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-98).

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