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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Estuarine embayment"

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Cotovicz, L. C., B. A. Knoppers, N. Brandini, S. J. Costa Santos i G. Abril. "A large CO<sub>2</sub> sink enhanced by eutrophication in a tropical coastal embayment (Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)". Biogeosciences Discussions 12, nr 6 (23.03.2015): 4671–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-4671-2015.

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Abstract. In contrast to its small surface area, the coastal zone plays a disproportionate role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon production, transformation, emission and burial rates at the land–ocean interface are still poorly known, especially in tropical regions. Surface water pCO2 and ancillary parameters were monitored during nine field campaigns between April 2013 and April 2014 in Guanabara Bay, a tropical eutrophic to hypertrophic semi-enclosed estuarine embayment surrounded by the city of Rio de Janeiro, SE-Brazil. Water pCO2 varied between 22 and 3715 ppmv in the Bay showing spatial, diurnal and seasonal trends that mirrored those of dissolved oxygen (DO) and Chlorophyll a (Chl a). Marked pCO2 undersaturation was prevalent in the shallow, confined and thermally stratified waters of the upper bay, whereas pCO2 oversaturation was restricted to sites close to the small river mouths and small sewage channels, which covered only 10% of the bay's area. Substantial daily variations in pCO2 (up to 395 ppmv between dawn and dusk) were also registered and could be integrated temporally and spatially for the establishment of net diurnal, seasonal and annual CO2 fluxes. In contrast to other estuaries worldwide, Guanabara Bay behaved as a net sink of atmospheric CO2, a property enhanced by the concomitant effects of strong radiation intensity, thermal stratification, and high availability of nutrients, which promotes phytoplankton development and net autotrophy. In the inner part of the bay, the calculated annual CO2 sink (−19.6 mol C m2 yr-1) matched the organic carbon burial in the sediments reported in the literature. The carbon sink and autotrophy of Guanabara Bay was driven by planktonic primary production promoted by eutrophication, and by its typology of marine embayment lacking the classical extended estuarine mixing zone, in contrast to river-dominated estuarine systems, which are generally net heterotrophic and CO2 emitters. Our results show that global CO2 budgetary assertions still lack information on tropical estuarine embayments and lagoons, which are affected by thermal stratification and eutrophication and behave specifically with respect to atmospheric CO2.
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Zampatti, Brenton P., Christopher M. Bice i Paul R. Jennings. "Temporal variability in fish assemblage structure and recruitment in a freshwater-deprived estuary: The Coorong, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 61, nr 11 (2010): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10024.

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River regulation can diminish freshwater flows to estuaries and compromise estuarine functionality. Understanding biotic responses to altered flow regimes is imperative to effectively manage aquatic ecosystems. The present study investigated temporal variation in fish assemblage structure and the recruitment of catadromous fish in the Coorong estuary at the terminus of the Murray River, in south-eastern Australia. Over the three-year study period, freshwater inflows to the estuary diminished and ultimately ceased, disconnecting freshwater and estuarine environments. It was hypothesised that these conditions would lead to (1) increases in estuarine salinities and concomitant changes in fish assemblage structure and abundance, and (2) decreased recruitment of catadromous fish. As freshwater inflow decreased, salinities immediately downstream of a series of tidal barrages increased from brackish to marine–hypersaline, species richness and diversity decreased, freshwater and diadromous species became less abundant and assemblages were increasingly characterised by marine species. Furthermore, the abundance of young-of-year catadromous fish decreased dramatically. Excessive regulation of freshwater inflows is resulting in the Coorong estuary resembling a marine embayment, leading to a loss in species diversity. We suggest, however, that even small volumes of freshwater may promote diversity in estuarine fish assemblages and some recruitment of catadromous species.
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Atilla, Nazan. "Meiofaunal Colonization of Artificial Substrates in an Estuarine Embayment". Marine Ecology 21, nr 1 (kwiecień 2000): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0485.2000.00700.x.

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Garcon, Veronique C., Keith D. Stolzenbach i Donald M. Anderson. "Tidal Flushing of an Estuarine Embayment Subject to Recurrent Dinoflagellate Blooms". Estuaries 9, nr 3 (wrzesień 1986): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352129.

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Stevens, Craig. "Short-term dispersion and turbulence in a complex-shaped estuarine embayment". Continental Shelf Research 30, nr 5 (marzec 2010): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.12.011.

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Stevens, Craig L. "Turbulence in an estuarine embayment: Observations from Beatrix Bay, New Zealand". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 108, nr C2 (luty 2003): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001jc001221.

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Mörs, Th. "Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of continental Tertiary vertebrate faunas in the Lower Rhine Embayment (NW-Germany)". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 81, nr 2 (sierpień 2002): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600022411.

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AbstractThis paper discusses the faunal content, the mammal biostratigraphy, and the environmental ecology of three important continental Tertiary vertebrate faunas from the Lower Rhine Embayment. The sites investigated are Rott (MP 30, Late Oligocene), Hambach 6C (MN 5, Middle Miocene), Frechen and Hambach 11 (both MN 16, Late Pliocene). Comparative analysis of the entire faunas shows the assemblages to exhibit many conformities in their general composition, presumably resulting from their preference for wet lowlands. It appears that very similar environmental conditions for vertebrates reoccurred during at least 20 Ma although the sites are located in a tectonically active region with high subsidence rates. Differences in the faunal composition are partly due to local differences in the depositional environment of the sites: lake deposits at the margin of the embayment (Rott), coal swamp and estuarine conditions in the centre of the embayment (Hambach 6C), and flood plain environments with small rivulets (Frechen and Hambach 11). The composition of the faunal assemblages (diversity and taxonomy) also documents faunal turnovers with extinctions and immigrations (Oligocene/Miocene and postMiddle Miocene), as a result of changing climate conditions.Additional vertebrate faunal data were retrieved from two new assemblages collected from younger strata at the Hambach mine (Hambach 11C and 14). They are important for the understanding of the Plio-Pleistocene transition in the southern part of the Lower Rhine Embayment and for correlating depositional sequences in the Dutch/German borderland.
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Tessier, Bernadette, Isabelle Billeaud i Patrick Lesueur. "Stratigraphic organisation of a composite macrotidal wedge: the Holocene sedimentary infilling of the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay (NW France)". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 181, nr 2 (1.03.2010): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.181.2.99.

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Abstract The Mont-Saint-Michel Bay (NW France) is a composite macrotidal environment that was filled up in the course of the Holocene transgression and sea-level highstand. Three main sub-environments constitute the present-day landscape of the bay: 1) a wide embayment with extensive mud to sandflats in the south, 2) a sandy to muddy channel-and-shoal estuarine system in the east, 3) a wave-dominated sandy coast composed of beach and dune barrier in the north. The Holocene infill of this composite macrotidal basin has been studied thanks to a set of vibrocores and VHR seismic data. The main results are summarized as follows: the TST is composed by a low-energy aggradational unit in the axis of the estuarine valley, and by high-energy sediment bodies (tidal dunes and banks) outside the valley; the HST (post 6500 yr B.P.) constitutes the main component of the infill. In the north, it is characterised by an aggradational unit made of back-barrier tidal lagoonal infill successions. In the embayment, it is represented by an aggradational unit composed of tidal-flat deposits. In the estuarine axis, the HST is constituted by a sand-dominated tidal channel-and-shoal belt. The rate of the Holocene sea-level rise appears to be the main factor of control of the infill architecture of the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay since the most significant change occurred around 6500 yr B.P. when the transgression slowed down. The interaction between hydrodynamic agents and sediment supply exerts as well a key control, especially during the late Holocene, when transgression is slow. The impact of climate changes is recorded in the infill during this period. The rocky substrate hypsometry should be considered also as a major forcing parameter as it determines the potential of preservation of the infill in relation with the depth of ravinement by tidal currents.
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Pollard, M., i AN Hodgson. "Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in a warm-temperate South African estuarine embayment". African Journal of Aquatic Science 41, nr 1 (28.01.2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2015.1119670.

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Logan, Brendan, Kathryn H. Taffs i Laura Cunningham. "Applying paleolimnological techniques in estuaries: a cautionary case study from Moreton Bay, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 61, nr 9 (2010): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09277.

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Paleoecological techniques are useful tools to identify restoration targets and natural variability for natural resource management programs. However, despite recent advances, caution is required when employing paleoecological techniques in estuaries, due to their dynamic nature relative to lake environments where these techniques were pioneered. This study used a novel combination of chronological, diatom, geochemical and isotopic data to assess the effectiveness of using these techniques in estuaries, and to develop an understanding of environmental changes within Moreton Bay, an open estuarine environment in subtropical east Australia. Results indicated mixed success, with 210Pb results indicating only background unsupported 210Pb levels, 14C results indicating sediment deposition from mixed sources, no diatom preservation and inconsistencies between geochemical and isotope proxies. Evidence did exist that the Moreton Bay sediments have been derived from different sources over the past 10 000 years. However, isotope records were not able to identify the likely sources of these sediments. Problems with diatom preservation were most probably due to the high salinity and temperatures associated with subtropical open embayment estuaries. Future studies attempting to identify environmental histories of estuaries should incorporate river-influenced locations rather than marine-dominated sites to ensure better diatom preservation and more definitive geochemical signals.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Estuarine embayment"

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Pratt, Catherine, i n/a. "Investigations into Faecal Sterols and E.Coli as Indicators of Sewage and Non-Sewage Inputs into a Subtropical Estuarine Embayment System in South Eastern QLD, Australia". Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070124.111827.

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Sewage pollution from humans, animal and domestic sources (land and agricultural run-off) are recognized as a major cause of deteriorating water quality along Australia's coastline. Management of water quality has primarily relied on the use of bacterial indicator methods. However the validity and source-specificity of these methods have been met with increasing reservations for several years now. A relatively recent methodology uses a different chemical biomarker approach using 'sterols', a group of compounds related to the common bio-membrane lipid cholesterol and its derivatives. Sterols can offer an additional diagnostic tool to distinguish and discriminate between sources of faecal contamination in marine, freshwater and estuarine environments in both sediments and the water column. This study investigates for the first time, the degradation of coprostanol and selected faecal sterols in 'natural' sediments from a highly mixed (marine and estuarine) sub-tropical environment following a simulated pollution event (primary effluent); the use of faecal sterols as an additional indicator for determining non-point source sewage discharges at popular anchorages in the Moreton Bay and Gold Coast Broadwater system; and the use of sterol ratios in the determination of the fate and transportation of nutrients from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) point-source outlet pipe during plant malfunction. The microcosm degradation experiment revealed that faecal and selected sterols are continually synthesised and degraded over time by auto- and hetero trophic organisms within the sediment matrix. Coprostanol was the only sterol to degrade continually, with only minor fluctuations over a time period of two months. Results from this degradation experiment further revealed a sharp decline of coprostanol within the first week. From this it could be concluded that, without any further addition, external inputs of coprostanol are reduced to background levels within this time period. Therefore, removal of coprostanol after six days was 94% and 73% in mud and sand, respectively. The removal of coprostanol was much higher in mud than sand, reflecting a higher level of microbial activity in muddy sediments for assimilation of sterols. The field study undertaken at popular anchorages in Moreton Bay and the Gold Coast Broadwater revealed extremely low levels of sterols and bacterial indicators over both a spatial and temporal scale consistent with a shallow, oligotrophic, highly dynamic sand dominated system. Even though sterols analysed were found at extremely low levels (mostly in the nano-gram range), they were found to be highly correlated and were successful in identifying an unexpected once off pollution event from a point source at Moreton Bay Island. Other than this one incident, both sterol and bacterial levels were consistently low even when anchorages were at full capacity. Thus, sewage from recreational vessels was found to have very little, if any, effect on the water quality at anchorages in Moreton Bay and Gold Coast Broadwater. The point-source study conducted during a local sewage treatment plant malfunction revealed that even though absolute concentrations of sterols did not change during this event, the distribution of sterols within the samples changed, hence changing the sterol ratios. Further, nutrients (mainly nitrogen) can be transported several kilometres by currents, flocculate out of the water column and settle out into the sediment in areas with low tidal and hydrological flushing. There, the nutrients can cause in situ production of sterols in sediments changing sterol ratios. Overall, this study revealed that analyses of sterol biomarkers have the potential to indicate nutrient inputs (such as nitrogen) as well as sewage, post-hoc pollution events at extremely low levels/high dilutions in coastal sediments.
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Pratt, Catherine. "Investigations into Faecal Sterols and E.Coli as Indicators of Sewage and Non-Sewage Inputs into a Subtropical Estuarine Embayment System in South Eastern QLD, Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366621.

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Sewage pollution from humans, animal and domestic sources (land and agricultural run-off) are recognized as a major cause of deteriorating water quality along Australia's coastline. Management of water quality has primarily relied on the use of bacterial indicator methods. However the validity and source-specificity of these methods have been met with increasing reservations for several years now. A relatively recent methodology uses a different chemical biomarker approach using 'sterols', a group of compounds related to the common bio-membrane lipid cholesterol and its derivatives. Sterols can offer an additional diagnostic tool to distinguish and discriminate between sources of faecal contamination in marine, freshwater and estuarine environments in both sediments and the water column. This study investigates for the first time, the degradation of coprostanol and selected faecal sterols in 'natural' sediments from a highly mixed (marine and estuarine) sub-tropical environment following a simulated pollution event (primary effluent); the use of faecal sterols as an additional indicator for determining non-point source sewage discharges at popular anchorages in the Moreton Bay and Gold Coast Broadwater system; and the use of sterol ratios in the determination of the fate and transportation of nutrients from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) point-source outlet pipe during plant malfunction. The microcosm degradation experiment revealed that faecal and selected sterols are continually synthesised and degraded over time by auto- and hetero trophic organisms within the sediment matrix. Coprostanol was the only sterol to degrade continually, with only minor fluctuations over a time period of two months. Results from this degradation experiment further revealed a sharp decline of coprostanol within the first week. From this it could be concluded that, without any further addition, external inputs of coprostanol are reduced to background levels within this time period. Therefore, removal of coprostanol after six days was 94% and 73% in mud and sand, respectively. The removal of coprostanol was much higher in mud than sand, reflecting a higher level of microbial activity in muddy sediments for assimilation of sterols. The field study undertaken at popular anchorages in Moreton Bay and the Gold Coast Broadwater revealed extremely low levels of sterols and bacterial indicators over both a spatial and temporal scale consistent with a shallow, oligotrophic, highly dynamic sand dominated system. Even though sterols analysed were found at extremely low levels (mostly in the nano-gram range), they were found to be highly correlated and were successful in identifying an unexpected once off pollution event from a point source at Moreton Bay Island. Other than this one incident, both sterol and bacterial levels were consistently low even when anchorages were at full capacity. Thus, sewage from recreational vessels was found to have very little, if any, effect on the water quality at anchorages in Moreton Bay and Gold Coast Broadwater. The point-source study conducted during a local sewage treatment plant malfunction revealed that even though absolute concentrations of sterols did not change during this event, the distribution of sterols within the samples changed, hence changing the sterol ratios. Further, nutrients (mainly nitrogen) can be transported several kilometres by currents, flocculate out of the water column and settle out into the sediment in areas with low tidal and hydrological flushing. There, the nutrients can cause in situ production of sterols in sediments changing sterol ratios. Overall, this study revealed that analyses of sterol biomarkers have the potential to indicate nutrient inputs (such as nitrogen) as well as sewage, post-hoc pollution events at extremely low levels/high dilutions in coastal sediments.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
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Radloff, James Victor. "Recruitment of bivalve molluscs with specific emphasis on Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Knysna estuarine embayment, South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76733.

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Alien invasive species have the ability to transform or alter environments, often causing severe ecological and/or economic impacts. Marine bioinvasions are occurring globally and are most often facilitated (intentially and accidently) through anthropogenic activities including the building of inter-oceanic canals, shipping and commerce. The Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, is a globally successful marine alien invasive species which was first recorded on the west coast of South Africa in the late 1970s and the south coast in 1988. This species is thought to have reached the Knysna Estuary in the early 2000s and has colonised all man-made hard substrata in the embayment of the estuary. Although there are studies on recruitment of M. galloprovincialis on the rocky intertidal coasts of South Africa, there is little information on recruitment of this species in more sheltered estuarine environments. This study aimed to determine recruitment levels of M. galloprovincialis and other bivalves within the Knysna estuarine embayment. To determine monthly recruitment, 10 recruit collectors/pads (plastic pot scourers) were placed at three separate locations within the embayment of the estuary for a week on a monthly basis for 20 months. In addition, recruitment of M. galloprovincialis over spring and neap tides and different lunar phases was also determined at two sites within the Knysna estuarine embayment during the main reproductive season in 2018. The pads were deployed three days before a neap/spring tide and then collected three days after the respective tide. Finally, to look at how rapidly M. galloprovincialis and other macroinvertebrates (when M. galloprovincialis was excluded) would re-colonise free space, 18 plots (15x15 cm), consisting of three treatments including a control (A,B and C), were cleared in M. galloprovincialis mussel beds and then photographed monthly for 12 months. Four bivalve taxa (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Perna perna, Ostreidae, unidentified mytilid) were recorded during the monthly study. Recruitment levels for all bivalves differed significantly (P < 0.001) between months and sites, with peak recruitment occurring from late spring to early autumn (November – March). Mytilus galloprovincialis recruitment levels were greater than other bivalves and were up to 4.5x greater than other taxa. Recruitment also varied between years possibly owing to differences in larval supply and/or environmental factors. Spatial variation in bivalve recruitment was observed throughout the study. The greatest recruitment was at the site (Thesen Island Wharf) closer to the entrance of the embayment. By contrast at the site (Railway Bridge) furthest from the entrance lower recruitment was found. This difference is possibly due to differences in hydrodynamics or other biological and/or environmental factors. A preliminary tidal study found that M. galloprovincialis had significantly higher (P < 0.001) recruitment levels over spring tides than neap tides at Thesen Island Wharf, whereas recruitment at the Railway Bridge on spring and neap tides was not significantly different. In the study undertaken in the reproductive season only, recruitment levels were high over a two week period during both a spring and neap tide, suggesting that factors other than lunar phase and the state of tide are more important in determining the timing and intensity of recruitment. The clearance plots created and photographed over a 12 month period showed that M. galloprovincialis rapidly occupied free space (eight months to virtually cover all free space) by encroachment from the adjacent mussel bed. Limpets and barnacles were only able to colonise cleared space when M. galloprovincialis was excluded, suggesting that the mussel has the ability to outcompete indigenous macrofauna for space. The high recruitment levels of M. galloprovincialis compared to other indigenous bivalves, as well as its ability to occupy space rapidly are traits that must contribute to the success of the invasion of this species within the Knysna estuarine embayment, particulary within Thesen Islands Marina and Thesen Island Wharf.
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Książki na temat "Estuarine embayment"

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Thom, Ronald M. Plant standing stock and productivity on tidal flats in Padilla Bay, Washington: A temperate North Pacific estuarine embayment. Mount Vernon, Wash: Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1990.

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Fry, Virginia A. Tidal velocity asymmetries and bedload transport in shallow embayments. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987.

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Ruffing, Jenny. The estuary book: A guide to promoting understanding and regional management of Maine's estuaries and embayments. Augusta, Me. (State House Station 38, 184 State St., Augusta, 04333): Maine Coastal Program, Maine State Planning Office, 1991.

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R, Kelly John. Dissolved oxygen in Maine estuaries and embayments: 1996 results and analyses. [Augusta, ME: Maine Dept. of Environmental Protection, 1997.

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R, Kelly John. Final report on dissolved oxygen levels in select Maine estuaries and embayments: Summer 1995. Wells, ME (342 Laudholm Rd., Wells 04090): Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1996.

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Trace metal and ancillary data in the watersheds and urban embayments of Puget Sound. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "Estuarine embayment"

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Cosper, Elizabeth M., Edward J. Carpenter i Matthew Cottrell. "Primary productivity and growth dynamics of the “brown tide” in Long Island embayments". W Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 139–58. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce035p0139.

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Holloway, P. E. "A field investigation of water exchange between a small coastal embayment and an adjacent shelf". W Mixing in Estuaries and Coastal Seas, 145–58. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce050p0145.

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Friedrichs, C. T., D. R. Lynch i D. G. Aubrey. "Velocity asymmetries in frictionally-dominated tidal embayments: longitudinal and lateral variability". W Dynamics and Exchanges in Estuaries and the Coastal Zone, 277–312. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce040p0277.

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"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment". W Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, redaktorzy John F. Kocik, James P. Hawkes, Timothy F. Sheehan, Paul A. Music i Kenneth F. Beland. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch19.

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<em>Abstract</em>.-Understanding estuarine and early marine ecology of Atlantic salmon <em>Salmo salar </em>smolts within the relatively large and spatially dynamic environments of eastern Maine is challenging. Using ultrasonic transmitters and a large network of fixed receivers, we monitored natural smolt migration in the Narraguagus River, Narraguagus Bay, and coastal environment of the western Gulf of Maine. Our 30-km-long study area began in the lower river and extended 8 km downstream to head-of-tide, 7 km through the estuary, then fanned out seaward 15 km into the western gulf along the interface with Maine Coastal Current. From 1997 to 2004, we increased sampling network density in the estuary and expanded marine arrays further into the Gulf of Maine. We designed receiver networks to monitor all smolt exit routes and were able to (1) estimate smolt survival to the Gulf of Maine, (2) map primary migration paths, and (3) document emigration timing. Survival ranged from 36% to 47% to our outer receiver array. Median migration rates were 0.7 km/h in the estuary to middle bay and 1.0 km/h in the outer bay. Smolts generally traveled with the tides and upon entering saltwater most commonly used the western 6 km of a 23-km-wide embayment. These are among the first quantitative data to estimate survival during early marine migration of wild Atlantic salmon smolts. A Cormack- Jolly-Seber model estimated site efficiency and smolt survival simultaneously, providing a useful methodology and information benchmarks for other studies to better understand emigration dynamics and to help identify mortality factors at sea.
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D’Alpaos, A., S. Lanzoni, M. Marani i A. Rinaldo. "Landscape evolution in tidal embayments". W River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics: RCEM 2007, Two Volume Set, 247–54. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415453639-c31.

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Buzzelli, C. "Ecosystem Modeling in Small Subtropical Estuaries and Embayments". W Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, 331–53. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374711-2.00914-1.

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"Bank erosion and energydissipationin an idealized tidal embayment". W Modeling morphodynamic evolution in alluvial estuaries, 61–92. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10824-4.

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Pörtner, Hans-O., i Magda Gutowska. "Effects of Ocean Acidification on Nektonic Organisms". W Ocean Acidification. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199591091.003.0013.

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The average surface-ocean pH is reported to have declined by more than 0.1 units from the pre-industrial level ( Orr et al. 2005 ), and is projected to decrease by another 0.14 to 0.35 units by the end of this century, due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions (Caldeira and Wickett 2005 ; see also Chapters 3 and 14). These global-scale predictions deal with average surface-ocean values, but coastal regions are not well represented because of a lack of data, complexities of nearshore circulation processes, and spatially coarse model resolution (Fabry et al. 2008 ; Chapter 3 ). The carbonate chemistry of coastal waters and of deeper water layers can be substantially different from that in surface water of offshore regions. For instance, Frankignoulle et al. ( 1998 ) reported pCO2 (note 1) levels ranging from 500 to 9400 μatm in estuarine embayments (inner estuaries) and up to 1330 μatm in river plumes at sea (outer estuaries) in Europe. Zhai et al. (2005) reported pCO2 values of > 4000 μatm in the Pearl River Estuary, which drains into the South China Sea. Similarly, oxygen minimum layers show elevated pCO2 levels, associated with the degree of hypoxia (Millero 1996). These findings suggest that some coastal and mid-water animals, both pelagic and benthic, are regularly experiencing hypercapnic hypercapnic conditions (i.e. elevated pCO2 levels), that reach beyond those projected in the offshore surface ocean. These organisms might, therefore, be preadapted to relatively high ambient pCO2 levels. The anthropogenic signal will nonetheless be superimposed on the pre-existing natural variability. These phenomena lead to the question of whether future changes in the ocean’s carbonate chemistry pose a serious problem for marine organisms. Those with calcareous skeletons or shells, such as corals and some plankton, have been at the centre of scientific interest. However, elevated CO2 levels may also have detrimental effects on the survival, growth, and physiology of marine animals more generally (Pörtner and Reipschläger 1996; Seibel and Fabry 2003; Fabry et al. 2008; Pörtner 2008; Melzner et al. 2009a).
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Brake, M., i H. Schuttelaars. "Influence of bed slope related sediment fluxes on morphodynamic equilibria in tidal embayments". W River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics: RCEM 2007, Two Volume Set, 25–32. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415453639-c4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Estuarine embayment"

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Kim, Yong Hoon, Kelly Knee, David Stuebe i Eoin Howlett. "Evaluation of Flushing Efficiency in an Embayment System Depending on Different Channel Configurations Using FVCOM: A Case Study in Abu Dhabi". W International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412411.00007.

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