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1

Bradley, Cecil D. A statistical analysis of Surface Escort cost estimation. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1988.

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2

Estrada, Francisco J. Estimation of surface orientation from a single image. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.

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3

Miller, James H. Estimation of sea surface wave spectra using acoustic tomography. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987.

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4

Frederickson, Paul A. The effect of infrared sea surface temperature measurements on evaporation duct height estimation. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1994.

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5

Canada. Defence Research Establishment Atlantic. Fortran Program For Fast Surface Ship Resistance and Power Estimation: Version 3. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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6

Liebermann, Timothy D. User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water. Denver, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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Lieberman, Timothy D. User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water. Denver, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.

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8

Clean Air Technology Center (U.S.) i U.S.-México Border Information Center on Air Pollution., red. Emission estimation techniques for unique source categories in Mexicali, Mexico. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Clean Air Technology Center, 1999.

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9

Clean Air Technology Center (U.S.) i U.S.-México Border Information Center on Air Pollution, red. Emission estimation techniques for unique source categories in Mexicali, Mexico. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Clean Air Technology Center, 1999.

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10

O'Muircheartaigh, I. G. Estimation of sea-surface windspeed from whitecap cover: Statistical approaches compared empirically and by simulation. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1985.

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11

R, Mohan, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering Technology. i Battelle Memorial Institute, red. Development of a J-estimation scheme for internal circumferential and axial surface cracks in elbows. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996.

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12

R, Mohan, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering Technology. i Battelle Memorial Institute, red. Development of a J-estimation scheme for internal circumferential and axial surface cracks in elbows. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996.

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13

R, Mohan, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering Technology. i Battelle Memorial Institute, red. Development of a J-estimation scheme for internal circumferential and axial surface cracks in elbows. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996.

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14

McBride, Marvin B. Estimation of stratocumulus-topped boundary layer depth using sea surface and remotely sensed cloud-top temperatures. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.

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15

Vukovich, Fred M. Senegalese land surface change analysis and biophysical parameter estimation using NOAA AVHRR spectral data: Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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16

Gross, Bernard. Least squares best fit method for the three parameter Weibull distribution: Analysis of tensile and bend specimens with volume or surface flaw failure. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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17

Zielinski, Ulrich. Quantitative Bestimmung von Paläoumweltparametern des Antarktischen Oberflächenwassers im Spätquartär anhand von Transferfunktionen mit Diatomeen =: Quantitative estimation of palaeoenvironmental parameters of the Antarctic surface water in the Late Quaternary using transfer functions with diatoms. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1993.

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18

Ryō, Mizuta, red. Estimation of the future distribution of sea surface temperature and sea ice using the CMIP3 multi-model ensemble mean =: CMIP3 maruchi moderu ansanburu heikin o riyōshita shōrai no kaimen suion kaihyō bunpu no suitei. Tsukuba-shi: Kishō Kenkyūjo, 2008.

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19

Kikō, Genshiryoku Anzen Kiban. Fukuzatsu keijōbu kiki haikan kenzensei jisshō (IAF) jigyō: Ōryoku kakudai keisu hyōka dēta-shū : yōki kantsūbu ICM haujingu no hyōmen kiretsu = Project of integrity assessment of flawed components with structural discontinuity (IAF) : data book for estimation stress intensity factor : surface crack on ICM housing for penetration in reactor vessel. Tōkyō-to Minato-ku: Genshiryoku Anzen Kiban Kikō, 2012.

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20

Berzuini, Carlo. Causality: Statistical perspectives and applications. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2012.

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21

Zhang, L., GR Walker i M. Fleming. Surface Water Balance for Recharge Estimation - Part 9. CSIRO Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105416.

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This addition to The Basics of Recharge and Discharge series deals with the surface water balance approaches that form the traditional basis of hydrological investigations. It explores both field methods and modelling methods for measuring or estimating the different parts of the water balance, including rainfall, evaporation, run-off and soil water storage. The authors discuss the concepts required to understand a surface water balance result or to set up an experiment. As water balance studies can be both time-consuming and expensive, this report will give readers a better understanding of water balance approaches and the considerations before going into a water balance study for the purpose of deep drainage.
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22

Zhang, L., M. Fleming i G. R. Walker. Surface Water Balance for Recharge Estimation - Part 9. CSIRO Publishing, 2002.

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23

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Estimation of the Rain Signal in the Presence of Large Surface Clutter. Independently Published, 2018.

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24

Estimation of evaporation losses from water surface: A study of Tawa reservoir. Roorkee: National Institute of Hydrology, 1997.

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25

Estimation of the rain signal in the presence of large surface clutter. Larwence, Kansas: University of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, 1994.

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26

Emission estimation techniques for unique source categories in Mexicali, Mexico. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Clean Air Technology Center, 1999.

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27

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Senegalese Land Surface Change Analysis and Biophysical Parameter Estimation Using Noaa Avhrr Spectral Data. Independently Published, 2018.

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28

Estimation of Supersonic Stage Separation Aerodynamics of Winged-Body Launch Vehicles Using Response Surface Methods. Independently Published, 2020.

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29

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Estimation of Supersonic Stage Separation Aerodynamics of Winged-Body Launch Vehicles Using Response Surface Methods. Independently Published, 2019.

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30

Estimation of Stratocumulus-Topped Boundary Layer Depth Using Sea Surface and Remotely Sensed Cloud-Top Temperatures. Storming Media, 2000.

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31

Zhang, L., M. Fleming i Gr Walker. Surface Water Balance for Recharge Estimation: Basics of Recharge and Discharge (The Basics of Recharge & Discharge). Csiro, 2002.

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32

Hall, Gary M. Analysis of Naval Surface Forces, Pacific afloat Intermediate Maintenance Activity "Repair of other Vessel" cost estimation procedures. 1986.

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33

Hart, David, D. G. Jones i B. F. Wall. Estimation of Effective Dose in Diagnostic Radiology from Entrance Surface Dose and Dose-area Product Measurement (NRPB). National Radiological Protection Board, 1994.

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34

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Precision Interval Estimation of the Response Surface by Means of an Integrated Algorithm of Neural Network and Linear Regression. Independently Published, 2018.

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35

Least squares best fit method for the three parameter Weibull distribution: Analysis of tensile and bend specimens with volume or surface flaw failure. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1996.

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36

Schultz, Martin T. Estimation of Derived Demand for Surface Water on Two Rice Irrigation Districts in the Lower Colorado River Basin, Texas (Policy Papers Series). Univ Texas at Austin, Office of Publications, 1996.

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37

Preliminary estimation of color inhomogeneities on the surface of Venus according to the television images obtained by the Venera-13 and Venera-14 automated space probes. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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38

Berzuini, Carlo, Philip Dawid i Luisa Bernardinell. Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2012.

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39

Berzuini, Carlo, Philip Dawid i Luisa Bernardinell. Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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40

Berzuini, Carlo, Philip Dawid i Luisa Bernardinell. Causality. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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41

Berzuini, Carlo, Philip Dawid i Luisa Bernardinell. Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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42

Berzuini, Carlo, Philip Dawid i Luisa Bernardinell. Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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43

Allen, Michael P., i Dominic J. Tildesley. Inhomogeneous fluids. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0014.

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In this chapter, the special techniques needed to simulate and calculate properties for inhomogeneous systems are presented. The estimation of surface properties, such as the interfacial tension, may be accomplished by a variety of methods, including the calculation of the stress tensor profiles, the change in the potential energy on scaling the surface area at constant volume, the observation of equilibrium capillary wave fluctuations, or direct free energy measurement by cleaving. The structure within the interface is also of interest, and ways of quantifying this are described. Practical issues such as system size, preparation of a two-phase system, and equilibration time, are discussed. Special application areas, such as liquid drops, fluid membranes, and liquid crystals, are described.
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44

Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger i Eric Coissac. Freshwater ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.003.0012.

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Chapter 12 “Freshwater ecosystems” focuses on the study of freshwater organisms via eDNA analysis. It addresses the particularities of the production, persistence, transport, and detectability of eDNA in surface waters. Biomonitoring freshwater ecosystems is imposed by law in more and more countries (e.g., European Council 2000) and the potential of eDNA for this purpose has been identified relatively early. This chapter revisits several studies dealing with eDNA-based analysis of macroinvertebrates (e.g., to track seasonal variation in the ecosystem scale), diatoms (for water quality assessment purposes), aquatic plants (e.g., for invasive species detection), fish, amphibians, and other vertebrates (for species inventories and biomass estimation). Finally, Chapter 12 discusses whether rivers can be good conveyor belts of the biodiversity at the scale of an entire catchment.
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45

Armstrong, D., i K. Narayan. Using Groundwater Responses to Infer Recharge - Part 5. CSIRO Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105379.

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Analytical methods of assessing the response of groundwater levels to a range of factors, including elastic (barometric and tidal) influences in confined aquifers and recharge to unconfined aquifers due to infiltration of rain and other surface water, are presented. Responses in a confined aquifer to distant recharge events and the associated time lag is discussed. Also covered are responses to changes in storage volume resulting from direct recharge at the outcrop of an unconfined aquifer system both seasonally and on a single recharge event basis. Worked examples and case histories are used to illustrate methods of estimating the amount of recharge at different sites within a catchment. The application of vertical cross-sectional flow nets to the estimation of recharge is presented in the context of recharge/discharge profiles.
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Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.

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The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
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