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Smith-Palmer, Stewart i Fyfe. "Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens". Letters in Applied Microbiology 26, nr 2 (luty 1998): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00303.x.
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Stea, Susanna, Alina Beraudi i Dalila De Pasquale. "Essential Oils for Complementary Treatment of Surgical Patients: State of the Art". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/726341.
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Aromatherapy is the controlled use of plant essences for therapeutic purposes. Its applications are numerous (i.e., wellbeing, labour, infections, dementia, and anxiety treatment) but often they have not been scientifically validated. The aim of the present study is to review the available literature to determine if there is evidence for effectiveness of aromatherapy in surgical patients to treat anxiety and insomnia, to control pain and nausea, and to dress wound. Efficacy studies of lavender or orange and peppermint essential oils, to treat anxiety and nausea, respectively, have shown positive results. For other aspects, such as pain control, essential oils therapy has shown uncertain results. Finally, there are encouraging data for the treatment of infections, especially for tea tree oil, although current results are still inconclusive. It should also be considered that although they are, allergic reactions and toxicity can occur after oral ingestion. Therefore, while rigorous studies are being carried out, it is important that the therapeutic use of essential oils be performed in compliance with clinical safety standards.
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Ismaili, Rachid, Sara Houbairi, Lanouari Sanâa, Moustaid Khadija i Lamiri Abdeslam. "Etude De L’Activité Antioxydante Des Huiles Essentielles De Plantes Aromatiques Et Médicinales Marocaines". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, nr 12 (30.04.2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n12p323.
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Morocco is a traditional supplier of medicinal and aromatic plants to the world. This activity has resulted to the exploitation of wild plants than dried plants for herbal needs and food flavors. Many species are used for the production of plant extracts and other aromatic essences mainly for the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. Among these metabolites, there are essential oils that are mixtures of aromatic substances present in the form of tiny droplets in the leaves, fruit peel, resin, branches, and wood. These oils, however, is endowed with antioxidant properties. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of essential oils of three moroccan aromatic and medicinal plants: Thymus vulgaris, Mentha spicata, and Citrus limonum. The oil extraction was performed by steam distillation in a Clevenger type apparatus. Also, the antioxidant activity of these oils was evaluated by the method of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), in comparison with the antioxidant synthetic, ascorbic acid. In the present work, the results showed that the antioxidant activity of three essential oils studied by the trapping method of free radical is moderate. Also, the oil of Thymus vulgaris has a strong activity which exceeds that of ascorbic acid. This was followed by the oil of Mentha spicata, while the lowest activity was observed in Citrus limonum.
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Ekiert, Halina, Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz, Agnieszka Rzepiela, Paweł Klin i Agnieszka Szopa. "Artemisia Species with High Biological Values as a Potential Source of Medicinal and Cosmetic Raw Materials". Molecules 27, nr 19 (29.09.2022): 6427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196427.
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Artemisia species play a vital role in traditional and contemporary medicine. Among them, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia annua, Artemisia dracunculus, and Artemisia vulgaris are the most popular. The chemical composition and bioactivity of these species have been extensively studied. Studies on these species have confirmed their traditional applications and documented new pharmacological directions and their valuable and potential applications in cosmetology. Artemisia ssp. primarily contain sesquiterpenoid lactones, coumarins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Essential oils obtained from these species are of great biological importance. Extracts from Artemisia ssp. have been scientifically proven to exhibit, among others, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, cytotoxic, and digestion-stimulating activities. In addition, their application in cosmetic products is currently the subject of several studies. Essential oils or extracts from different parts of Artemisia ssp. have been characterized by antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Products with Artemisia extracts, essential oils, or individual compounds can be used on skin, hair, and nails. Artemisia products are also used as ingredients in skincare cosmetics, such as creams, shampoos, essences, serums, masks, lotions, and tonics. This review focuses especially on elucidating the importance of the most popular/important species of the Artemisia genus in the cosmetic industry.
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Ez-Zriouli, Rabab, Houda ElYacoubi, Hamada Imtara, Abdelhalim Mesfioui, Aboubaker ElHessni, Omkulthom Al Kamaly, Samar Zuhair Alshawwa, Fahd A. Nasr, Zineb Benziane Ouaritini i Atmane Rochdi. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities and Acute Toxicity of Cedrus atlantica, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Essential Oils". Molecules 28, nr 7 (27.03.2023): 2974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072974.
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The essential oils yield of Cedrus atlantica, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Eucalyptus camaldulensis was different. C. ambrosioides gave a relatively higher yield (2.1 ± 0.1%), while that of C. atlantica was low (1.0 ± 0.1%) and that of E. camaldulensis was lower (0.75 ± 0.1% of dry matter). The active ingredients of the essential oils and some of their biological effects were also determined. The characterization of their chemical compositions showed that the three essences have different chemical profiles: C. atlantica was richer in sesquiterpenes (β-Himachalene (54.21%) and γ -Himachalene (15.54%)), C. ambrosioides was very rich in monoterpene peroxides and monoterpenes (α-Terpinene (53.4%), ascaridole (17.7%) and ρ-Cymene (12.1%)) and E. camaldulensis was very rich in monoterpene compounds and monoterpenols (p-cymene (35.11%), γ-Eudesmol (11.9%), L-linalool (11.51%) and piperitone (10.28%)). The in vitro measurement of antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) reduction assay showed a significant performance of the eucalyptus oil and average performance of the other two (C. atlantica and C. ambrosioides). The in vitro bio-test for their antimicrobial effects showed that the antibacterial activity differed depending on the essential oil and the concentration used, and that their bactericidal efficacy was similar or superior to that of synthetic antibiotics. The toxicity test on rats revealed that the LD50 of the three essential oils was 500 mg/kg body weight, which classifies them as category four cytotoxic natural products at high doses.
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Nebie, Bily, Constantin M. Dabire, Remy K. Bationo, Siaka Sosso, Roger C. H. Nebie, Eloi Pale i Pierre Duez. "Composition chimique et potentiel antioxydant de l’huile essentielle obtenue par co-distillation de Mentha piperita L. et Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf du Burkina Faso". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, nr 2 (3.06.2023): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i2.32.
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Les huiles essentielles constituent une source potentielle de molécules à activité antioxydante. Le développement des combinaisons optimisées de ces substances naturelles permettrait leur utilisation comme conservateurs naturels. Ainsi, l’objectif de la présente étude est de déterminer la composition chimique de l’huile essentielle obtenue par co-distillation de Mentha piperita L. et de Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf du Burkina Faso et de comparer son potentiel antiradicalaire à celui du mélange obtenu par combinaison des huiles essentielles pures de ces deux plantes. Les huiles essentielles ont été extraites à l’aide d’un appareil de type Clevenger par hydrodistillation des feuilles sèches de Cymbopogon citratus et Mentha piperita, séparément, puis à partir du mélange de leurs feuilles sèches dans les proportions massiques 80% pour C. citratus et 20% pour M. piperita. Elles ont été ensuite analysées par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Le potentiel antiradicalaire des huiles essentielles, exprimé en milligramme d’équivalent d’acide ascorbique par millilitre d’huile essentielle (mg EAA/mL), a été évalué par la méthode de DPPH. L’huile essentielle obtenue par co-distillation contient majoritairement le citral (49,26%), le β-myrcène (10,98%), le menthol (5,90%) et la menthone (4,50%). L’essence de C. citratus est dominée par le citral (73,77%) et le β-myrcène (13,66%) et celle de M. piperita par le menthol (31,54%), la menthone (20,27%), le menthofurane (15,10%) et l’acétate de menthyle (8,59%). Le pouvoir antiradicalaire des huiles essentielles est : 11,73 ± 0,14 mg EAA/mL pour l’essence de M. piperita ; 10,01 ± 0,06 mg EAA/mL pour celle de C. citratus ; 40,13 ± 0,08 mg EAA/mL pour l’essence obtenue par co-distillation et 11,96 ± 0,04 mg EAA/mL pour l’essence obtenue par combinaison des essences pures. Ces résultats montrent que la co-distillation a permis d’améliorer le potentiel antiradicalaire des huiles essentielles des deux plantes et ouvre des perspectives pour son utilisation comme antioxydant naturel.
Essential oils are a potential source of molecules with antioxidant activity. The development of optimized combinations of these natural substances should allow their use as natural preservatives. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the chemical composition of essential oil obtained by co-distillation of Mentha piperita and Cymbopogon citratus from Burkina Faso and to compare its antiradical potential with that of the mixture obtained by combining pure essential oils of these two plants. Essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus by hydrodistillation of dry leaves of Cymbopogon citratus and Mentha piperita, separately, then from the mixture of their dry leaves in the mass ratio 80% for C. citratus and 20% for M. piperita. They were then analyzed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. The antiradical potential of essential oils expressed in milligrams of ascorbic acid equivalent per milliliter of essential oil (mg EAA/mL) was evaluated by DPPH method. Essential oil obtained by co-distillation mainly contains citral (49.26%), β-myrcene (10.98%), menthol (5.90%) and menthone (4.50%). Essential oil of C. citratus is dominated by citral (73.77%) and β-myrcene (13.66%) and that of M. piperita by menthol (31.54%), menthone (20.27%), menthofuran (15.10%) and menthyl acetate (8.59%). Antiradical potential of essential oils are : 11.73 ± 0.14 mg EAA/mL for the essential oil of M. piperita ; 10.01 ± 0.06 mg EAA/mL for that of C. citratus ; 40.13 ± 0.08 mg EAA/mL for essential oil obtained by co-distillation and 11.96 ± 0.04 mg EAA/mL for essence obtained by combining pure essential oils. These results show that co-distillation has improved antioxidant efficiency of the essential oils of these two plants and opens prospects for its use as a natural antioxidant.
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Murni, Sri Wahyu, Tutik Muji Setyoningrum, Fransisca Xaveria Desti Dwi Cahyaningrum, Sheila Alodia i Heri Septya Kusuma. "Extraction of Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) using Hydrodistillation Method: The Effect of F/S Ratio and Extraction Time". RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 1, nr 1 (23.12.2021): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v1i1.389.
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Essential oils are volatile aromatic compounds produced by plants. Essential oils are known by various names, including ethereal oils because they have ether properties, volatile oils because they evaporate easily at room temperature, and essential oils because they contain the essence of a plant. Lemongrass is one of the plants that produce essential oils. Extraction of citronella oil can use several methods such as hydrodistillation, pressing, solvent extraction, and adsorption by vaporizing solid fat (enfleurage). In this study the method that will be used is hydrodistillation. This study aims to determine the effect of the mass ratio of citronella oil to the volume of solvent, namely aquadest, on the yield of citronella oil and to determine the effect of the length of extraction time required on the yield of citronella oil.
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T. Aswini, K. Dhanusha, K. Priya, R. Shalini, S. Sumithra i W. Helen. "Essential oils: Characteristics, extraction and pharmacological activities". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, nr 1 (30.06.2024): 2457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.1.0909.
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Herbs used medicinally have a vital role in both treatment and wellness. Compared to produced medications, medicinal plants' bioactivity had less adverse effects, and their many therapeutic benefits can be attributed to their antioxidant characteristics. Consumer interest in natural items as substitutes for synthetic additives or pharmacologically significant drugs has grown significantly in recent years. The public benefits from their uses in the fields of medicine, aromatherapy, microbiology, agriculture, cattle, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. Essential oils are aromatic, volatile liquids that are generated from plant material by steam distillation and are given their name based on the plant from which they originate. The oils were deemed "essential" because it was believed they could capture the essence of a plant's flavour and fragrance. They give plants their unique scent. Because of the concentration of healing chemicals gathered in the oil, essential oils function as the original plant's defence mechanism and have more potency. Aromatherapy uses essential oils extensively to help people unwind, lower stress, get rid of headaches, better sleep, and feel happier. They are beneficial for boosting the immune system and treating mild illnesses because they also have antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory qualities. They are a well-liked option for individuals looking for complementary and alternative approaches to health and wellbeing because of their natural origin and efficacy. The purpose of this study is to assess the literature on the nature of essential oils, their potential as therapeutics, and the constituent parts of different types of essential oils.
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El Abdali, Youness, Ghada Beniaich, Adil M. Mahraz, Abdelfattah El Moussaoui, Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Mohamed Akhazzane, Mohamed Chebaibi i in. "Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and in silico NADPH Oxidase Inhibition Studies of Essential Oils of Lavandula dentata against Foodborne Pathogens". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2023 (11.02.2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9766002.
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Food is always subjected to microbial infection and lipid peroxidation, which frequently leads to serious food intoxications. In the present study, essential oils (EOs) extracted from Lavandula dentata Moroccan species and its major component (linalool) were chemically characterized and their antioxidant potential and antibacterial properties against foodborne pathogenic bacteria were examined. EOs phytochemical profile was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). The antioxidant potential was evaluated, in vitro, by use of the β-carotene discoloration assay and in silico vs. NADPH oxidase enzymatic complex as an antioxidant marker. The antibacterial proprieties were assessed by use of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion methods, against Gram (−) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli) and Gram (+) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). Linalool (49.71%) was the major component among the eighteen components identified in Lavandula dentate EO, followed by camphor (14.36%) and borneol (8.21%). The studied EO and linalool compounds showed important antioxidant activity through the β-carotene discoloration test with IC50 values of 35.72 ± 1.21 mg/mL and 30.32 ± 1.23 mg/mL, respectively. Among all the analyzed compounds of lavender EOs, thymol, carvacrol, and α-terpineol were the most active compounds against NADPH oxidase with a glide score of −6.483, −6.17, and −4.728 kcal/mol, respectively. 2D and 3D views showed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the most active compounds and the active site of NADPH oxidase. The antibacterial data showed a significant activity of Lavandula dentata essences against tested foodborne pathogenic bacteria, especially against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Linalool proved active toward the same bacteria and had closer activity to that of lavender essential oil. In light of the obtained findings, the essential oil of Lavandula dentata Moroccan species can be used in the packaging sector as a promising natural food conservative to limit lipid oxidation and treat foodborne infections.
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Kesumasari, Diana. "Implication of Perceived Spaces Toward Visitors' Learning Motivation In Rumah Atsiri Indonesia". Journal of Architectural Research and Education 1, nr 2 (1.01.2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jare.v1i2.22295.
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Rumah Atsiri Indonesia (RAI) is an edu-recreation complex located in Tawangmangu. RAI adopts “experiencing essence” concept through a comprehensive informal learning about essential oils. RAI’s challenge as an educational leisure setting sets a lead to the main research goal: how visitors perceived spaces in RAI and related them to learning motivation. The observation areas were focused on Museum Gallery and the Essential Oils Collection Gardens. These areas provide most knowledge about essential oils to visitors. Data and information were analyzed qualitatively, by comparing physical settings characteristics of observation areas, person-centered mapping and results of informal interviews and questionnaires. As the result, this research showed that there was relation between physical setting characterictics and visitors’ learning motivation. Visitors were more motivated to learn in Essential Oils Collection Gardens, especially in outdoor garden. In this area, visitors got richer experiences because visitors had more freedom in exploring essential oil plants. As a performative space that emphasizes visitors as active participants, this area could stimulated visitors’ emotional and memories through five senses. The adventurous feeling also can be seen from some architectural factors, such as circuitous path with shortcuts, ramps and stairs, which resulting “Learning for Fun” concept. While in Museum Gallery, visitors circulation and media displays were controlled. As a narrative space that put forward the storyline about the history of essential oils, evidently, visitors got bored easily and show no interest in learning which was reflected in their withdrawal behaviors. Stimulation to visitor’s senses were also limited to sight and hearing, so visitors could not be active participant. Learning motivation was also influenced by intrapersonal factors, but these factors were not analyzed further in this research. Some architectural factors that influenced visitors’ learning motivation include: space characteristics, binding scale categories, and media display types.Keywords: Essential Oils; Informal Learning; Physical Settings
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Raymond, Tchabong Sammuel, Djopnang Djiembie Justin, Pahane Mbiada Majeste, Yelengwe Ndjamo Théophile Collins, Fokom Raymond, Ngo Oum Thérèse, Sameza Modeste Lambert i in. "Chemical Composition and Antifungal Potential of the Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum L, Ocimum suave L, Aframomum alboviolaceum Ridley and Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Two Molds associated with to the Alteration of Smoked Fish Ethmalosa fimbriata Bowdich". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, nr 3 (10.03.2022): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1103.035.
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This study aimed at analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum suave, Aframomum alboviolaceum Ridley and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and evaluate their antifungal activities. Hydrodistillation with a Clevenger type apparatus was used for the extraction of essential oils from plant materials. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry were utilized to identify the chemicals. The antifungal activity of the essential oils was tested in vitro against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. For O. gratissimum the major components identified were thymol (31.71%), p-cymene (17.86%) and γ-Terpinene (5.90%). For A. alboviolaceum, 1.8-Cineole (58.90%), α-Terpinyl acetate (9.58%) and α-pinene (4.86%) were found, while geranial (34%), neral (23.79%) and borneol (9.04%) were identified in the volatile extract of Z. officinale. The essence of O. suave had benzene, 1.2.4-trimethoxy-5- (1-propenyl) - (Z) (22.79%); β-bisabolene (19.10%) and spathulenol (18.69%) as the major compounds. Total inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger by the essential oil of O. gratissimum L. was observed at 5500 ppm and 4750 ppm, respectively. The presence of compounds such as methyl eugenol, thymol and carvacrol, which have previously demonstrated antimicrobial properties could explainthe effect of O. gratissimum L. The essential oil of Z. officinale totally inhibited Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger at 5000ppm and 4500ppm. Z. officinale's action could be linked with the presence of compounds such as geranial, neral, α-pinene and 1.8-cineole. The antifungal activities of the essential oils of O. gratissimum and Z. officinale stronger than those of O. suave and A. alboviolaceum. The inhibition of mycelia growth of the fungus was significantly (p <0.05) positively correlated with the essential oil concentrations. These essential oils could be a promising alternative as biofungicides for the post-smoking conservation of fish.
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Nguyen, Ba Van, Tran Thi Kieu Ngân, Nguyen Thi My Ngoc, Ngo Nguyen Thuy Hang, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Chau, Hua Hoang Tay i Nguyen Kim Dong. "ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM EUCALYPTUS AND CYMBOPOGON LEAVES BY STEAM DISTILLATION FOR MAKING NATURAL MIXTURE HAVING EFFECT AS A MOSQUITO REPELLENT". Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, nr 6A (31.03.2021): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/6a/15548.
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Abstract-HCTN7. Natural essential oils of plant have been applied over the world becausef these biosafety natural compounds. Applicant levels from the steaming pot among the common people to the raw essential oils or pure extract essence from original natural sources for making special products. Eucalyptus essential oil obtains from Eucalyptus leaves contain 998 mg/L α-eucalyptol, Cymbopogon essential oil obtains from lemon grasses contain 64,8% citral. These essential oils have been paid attention because of there were abundant raw materials in the Mekong Delta area. Therefore, the study was conducted to aim of extracting essential oils from Eucalyptus and Cymbopogon leaves as well as examminate their effect on mosquito repellent. The factors affecting the amount of extracted oils are the time to withered materials (0 h; 2.5 h; 5 h), how the way to preliminary treatment of the materials (crushing or without crushing), the distilled water aidding (400 mL, 500 mL, 600 mL)/300g materials, the distillation time (2 h; 2.5 h; 3 h). The data was evaluated by statistical program. Mixing ratio of Cymbopogon oil: Eucalyptus oil: coconut oil, one of the important criteria to be investigated for evaluating the ability to repel mosquitoes is in turn (40:10:50), (35:15:50), (30:20:50). Experimental results reveal that crushing (Cymbopogon), without crushing (Eucalyptus) of fresh materials, 500 mL of distilled water aidding, 3 h of distillation time were the best during the oil extraction process. The contents of mixing formula of the Cymbopogon essiential oil: Eucalyptus essiential oil: coconut oil (40: 10: 50) is the most effective with the ability to falling mosquitoes only after 5 minutes and killing 84.67% mosquitoes after 24 hours. The natural mixture of Cymbopogon oil, Eucalyptus oil, and coconut oil, safety for human health and more friendly to the environment.Keywords: Coconut oil, Eucalyptus essential oil, Eucalyptus leaves, Cymbopogon essential oil, Cymbopogon leaves, mosquito repellent, steam distillation.Classification numbers:1.4.6.
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Grunevald, Matheus, Rômulo Cantarelli, Harry Juan Rivera Oballe, Thais de Cássia Negrini, Rodrigo Alex Arthur, Eduardo Liberato da Silva, Tiago Luis Herpich i Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz. "Antimicrobial potential of essential oils mouthrinses with and without alcohol". Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 20 (16.04.2021): e213867. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8663867.
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Aim: This study aimed to compare the microbiological potential and gustatory perception of essential oils (EO) mouthrinses containing and not containing alcohol. Methods: Twenty healthy adult volunteers rinsed with 10mL of the following test solutions: EO with alcohol, EO without alcohol, or a control solution (saline solution with mint essence). A washout period of at least seven days was adopted after a single-use protocol of the respective solution. All participants used all three tested substances. Antimicrobial potential was assessed by counting salivary total viable bacteria both before and after each rinse. Gustatory perception was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Multiple comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon test, using Bonferroni correction. Results: Both EO solutions presented a higher antimicrobial potential in comparison to the control solution (p<0.017). However, no significant difference in antimicrobial potential was observed between EO containing or not containing alcohol (p=0.218). VAS of EO with alcohol (median: 2.7) was similar to control solution (median: 1.6) (p=0.287). A better gustatory perception was observed of the EO without alcohol (median 7.6) when compared to the control solution (p<0.0001). When EO groups were compared, EO without alcohol also demonstrated a significantly better gustatory perception (p=0.001). Conclusion: Mouthrinse containing EO without alcohol presented a better taste perception when compared to the EO with alcohol, but no difference was observed in the antimicrobial potential of both EO solutions after a single rinse protocol.
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Lisnevska, Nataliia. "FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF AROMATHERAPY IN A PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTION AND AT HOME WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING THEIR HEALTH". Collection of Scientific Papers of Uman State Pedagogical University, nr 2 (29.05.2024): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2307-4906.2.2024.306318.
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The article describes the essence of aromatherapy, reveals its principles, features and methods of application with preschool children in order to improve their health. The importance of applying non-traditional methods of preschool children’s health improvement, in particular aromatherapy, is emphasised. The author describes the history of aromatherapy, which dates back to ancient cultures. It is noted that with the advent of distillation, it became possible to use alcohol and water-alcohol plant extracts. It is noted that aromatherapy has become widespread over the past twenty years. The article analyses the works of researchers, which indicate the effectiveness of aromatherapy in preserving the health of preschool children and speech therapy with preschoolers. It is noted that aromatherapy involves treatment with essential oils contained in plants. It is indicated that aromatherapy is effective in regulating the functioning of internal organs and body systems. It is noted that essential oils affect the human body in two ways: through the respiratory system and through the skin. The rules for selecting and using essential oils are revealed. The method of aromatherapy application is described. The basic principles of using aromatherapy with preschool children are presented. It is noted that the use of aromatic oils will be effective through the use of various devices and a list of them is provided. The ways of using aromatherapy with preschool children in preschool education institutions and at home are described. Contraindications to the use of aromatherapy with children are indicated. It is emphasised that aroma oils are effective in improving physical and mental health. The article describes the indications for the use of essential oils. It is noted that aromatherapy is a universal means of preserving and promoting children’s health and can be used by educators and parents in various activities (educational, play, work, independent) both in preschool education institution and at home. It has been noted that aromatherapy is also effective in disinfecting premises where children are staying.
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Stanciu, Gabriela, Adina-Ioana Oancea, Elena Oancea i Elisabeta Chirila. "Analytical Characterisation of Original Emulsion for Cosmetic Use". Revista de Chimie 70, nr 3 (15.04.2019): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.3.7000.
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The aim of the paper is to characterize an original emulsion containing a mixture of plant macerates and essences. Next the wild and/or garden plants, namely Abies sp. (leaves), Crataegus monogyna (flowers), Hypericum perforatum (flowers), Lavandula angustifolia (flowers), Lavandula officinalis (flowers), Lilium sp. (flowers), Melissa officinalis (flowers), Mentha silvestris (leaves and flowers), Mentha piperita (leaves and flowers), Origanum vulgare (leaf blooms and flowers), Pinus silvestris (buds), Populus nigra (buds) and Thymus serpillum (flowers) have been processed to prepare the studied emulsion. Some of the emulsion ingredients as the essential oils of single plant and plant mixture, or the lily flowers macerate together with the final product have been analyzed. The measurements of physical and chemical properties (refractive index, density, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, acidity index, peroxide index and iodine index) led to interesting results that could explain the curative effects on skin. The beneficial effects of new emulsion are due to the bioactive compounds that penetrate deep into the tissue and ensure regeneration. The obtained results confirm our previous findings concerning the opportunity of measurements of oxidation/reduction potentials for cosmetic mixtures regarding the antioxidant activity description.
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Khalili, Zahra, Zohreh Taraghi i Ehteram Sadat Ilali. "The Effect of Damask Rose and Orange Blossom on Anxiety in Older Adults". Complementary Medicine Journal 11, nr 1 (1.04.2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/cmja.11.1.1047.1.
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Objective: Anxiety is often one of the biggest problems in human life and its consequences are quite noticeable. The use of medications for its control can cause side effects or drug dependence. Anxiety management, which is one of the most important nursing practices, can be done by non-pharmaceutical methods such as aromatherapy. This study aims to compare the effects of aromatherapy using the essential oils of damask rose and orange blossom on anxiety in older adults. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 older adults who were selected by using random numbers generated by RANDBETWEEN function in Excel. After obtaining a written informed consent from them, they were asked to inhale %10 damask rose essence for three nights. After one month, they underwent aromatherapy with %10 orange blossom essential oil. In each period, anxiety was measured by the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS). The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test in SPSS v. 25 software considering a statistical significance level of P<0.05. Results: Although the GAS score was reduced after aromatherapy with both essential oil (P<0.001), the changes in GAS score were not significantly different in the two periods using damask rose and orange blossom essential oils (P=0.729). Conclusion: Aromatherapy with both damask rose and orange blossom essential oils can reduce anxiety in the elderly.
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ARRAS, GIOVANNI, i MARIANNA USAI. "Fungitoxic Activity of 12 Essential Oils against Four Postharvest Citrus Pathogens: Chemical Analysis of Thymus capitatus Oil and its Effect in Subatmospheric Pressure Conditions". Journal of Food Protection 64, nr 7 (1.07.2001): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.7.1025.
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The fungitoxic activity against Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria citri of 12 essential oils (EOs) distilled from medicinal plants is reported. The results of the in vitro trials show strong fungitoxic activity of Thymus capitatus (L.) Hofmgg EOs, which inhibited the growth of the four fungi at a concentration of 250 ppm (vol/vol). The other 11 essences reduced the development of the fungi from 95 to 9% at 250 ppm (vol/vol). The fungitoxic activity of T. capitatus EOs (75, 150, and 250 ppm) on healthy orange fruits, inoculated with P. digitatum (108 conidia ml−1) by spraying and placed in 10-liter desiccators, was weak at atmospheric pressure (3 to 10% inhibition at all three concentrations), while in vacuum conditions (0.5 bar), conidial mortality on the exocarp was high (90 to 97% at all three concentrations).These data proved not to be statistically different from treatments with thiabendazole-TBZ (2,000 ppm). Scanning electron microscope observations showed that T. capitatus EO vapors altered the morphology of P. digitatum hyphae and conidia. The gas-chromatographic analyses of thyme EO indicated that carvacrol was present at 81 to 83%, p-cymene at 4.5 to 5%, γ-terpinene at 2.6 to 3.3%, caryophyllene at 1.5 to 1.6%, β-myrcene at 1.6%, and linalool at 1.1 to 1.2%. Carvacrol proved to be the most important fungitoxic compound among the thyme EO constituents, but, unlike thyme EO, it caused alterations to the fruit at the concentration of 75 ppm.
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Van Opstaele, Filip, Koen Goiris, Gert De Rouck, Guido Aerts i Luc De Cooman. "Production of novel varietal hop aromas by supercritical fluid extraction of hop pellets—Part 1: Preparation of single variety total hop essential oils and polar hop essences". Journal of Supercritical Fluids 69 (wrzesień 2012): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2012.05.009.
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Van Opstaele, Filip, Koen Goiris, Gert De Rouck, Guido Aerts i Luc De Cooman. "Production of novel varietal hop aromas by supercritical fluid extraction of hop pellets. Part 1: Preparation of single variety total hop essential oils and polar hop essences". Cerevisia 37, nr 4 (styczeń 2013): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cervis.2012.12.002.
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Jafari-Sales, Abolfazl, Ahmadreza Shahniani, Reza Fathi, Parviz Malekzadeh, Haedeh Mobaiyen i Farnaz Rasi Bonab. "Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Achillea wilhelmsii on Antibiotic-resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus". Internal Medicine and Medical Investigation Journal 2, nr 2 (22.05.2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/imminv.v2i2.58.
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AbstractIntroduction and aim: The use of drugs to treat diseases led to the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is the most common problems in medical science. This study is done to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Essential Oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Achillea wilhelmsii on against resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus.Material and methods: After collecting plants and validate its scientific name by botanists of Agricultural Organization and after drying in shade, Essential Oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Achillea wilhelmsii, extracted with steam distillation method by Clevenger and antimicrobial effects of Essential Oil by well diffusion on above mentioned bacteria were interpreted. Amount of Essential Oil were injected to gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC / Ms), and the amount and type compounds of the Essential Oils were identified.Results:The results showed that the extracted essence Essential Oil from the Ziziphora clinopodioides and Achillea wilhelmsii has bactericidal effect. In the obtained results by GC/Ms chromatography, in Ziziphora clinopodioides and Achillea wilhelmsii Essential Oils, 22 and 18 compounds, were identified respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study show that can be taken Ziziphora clinopodioides and Achillea wilhelmsii in herbals groups with antibacterial properties and after evaluating their effects in vivo condition and to identify the active ingredients, as an alternative to synthetic drugs that commonly used to treat infections are used.
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KOUAME Konan Didier, KOUAME Koffi Gaston, i KASSI Koffifernand Jean Martial KONE Daouda. "Post-Harvest Control of Anthracnose of Mango (Mangifera indica L. var Kent) using Essential Oils Extracted from two Aromatic Plants (Cymbopogon citratus (D C) Stapf. and Melaleuca quinquenervia L.) of the Ivorian Flora". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, nr 11 (10.11.2021): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1011.032.
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Mango anthracnose is one of the most important mango diseases in Côte d'Ivoire. The chemical approach to control this disease is today decried by consumers, because of the pesticide residues left in the fruit. The search for alternative control solutions, that respect the environment and are less polluting is becoming a necessity. Thus, the use of essential oils in the protection of mangoes against fruit pests before and especially after harvest is a promising solution. The present study aimed to reveal the inhibitory efficacy of essential oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia L. and Cymbopogon citratus (D.C) Stapf against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz & Sacc causal agent of mango anthracnose, stored at room temperature. Five doses (100; 200; 500; 1,000 and 2,000 ppm) of each product were tested in vitro on mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides. In vivo, 700 and 1,400 ppm of C. citratus L. and 1,200 and 12,000 ppm of M. quinquenervia L. were tested against anthracnose in artificially inoculated mangoes. The impact of the different doses of these species on the physico-chemical parameters of the treated fruits was evaluated on day 11. Results showed that mycelial growth and spore germination were totally inhibited by C. citratus essential oil at 1,000 and 2,000 ppm throughout the experiment. In Vivo, the 1,200 ppm dose of M. quinquenervia strongly reduced the occurrence and progression of anthracnose in treated fruits compared to the control with an efficiency rate of 77.76 ± 8.73 and 86.63 ± 5.21%, respectivement. The essences did not significantly influence the physico-chemical parameters of the fruits. The doses 1,200 ppm of M. quinquenervia and 1,400 ppm of C. citratus can be recommended in a post-harvest biological control strategy against mangoes anthracnose.
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Barbosa, Deyzi Caroline da Silva, Welson Vicente da Silva i Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia. "ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DE ÓLEOS ESSENCIAS DA FAMÍLIA MYRTACEAE PELO MÉTODO DE DPPH: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA". Revista Interfaces: Saúde, Humanas e Tecnologia 7, nr 2 (30.09.2019): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.16891/2317-434x.v7.e2.a2019.pp325-338.
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Luciardi, María Constanza, María Amparo Blázquez, María Rosa Alberto, Elena Cartagena i Mario Eduardo Arena. "Lemon Oils Attenuate the Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Quorum Sensing Inhibition". Molecules 26, nr 10 (12.05.2021): 2863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102863.
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The chemical composition of three Citrus limon oils: lemon essential oil (LEO), lemon terpenes (LT) and lemon essence (LE), and their influence in the virulence factors production and motility (swarming and swimming) of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (ATCC 27853 and a multidrug-resistant HT5) were investigated. The main compound, limonene, was also tested in biological assays. Eighty-four compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 99.23%, 98.58% and 99.64%, were identified by GC/MS. Limonene (59–60%), γ-terpinene (10–11%) and β-pinene (7–15%) were the main compounds. All lemon oils inhibited specific biofilm production and bacterial metabolic activities into biofilm in a dose-dependent manner (20–65%, in the range of 0.1–4 mg mL−1) of both strains. Besides, all samples inhibited about 50% of the elastase activity at 0.1 mg mL−1. Pyocyanin biosynthesis decreases until 64% (0.1–4 mg mL−1) for both strains. Swarming motility of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was completely inhibited by 2 mg mL−1 of lemon oils. Furthermore, a decrease (29–55%, 0.1–4 mg mL−1) in the synthesis of Quorum sensing (QS) signals was observed. The oils showed higher biological activities than limonene. Hence, their ability to control the biofilm of P. aeruginosa and reduce the production of virulence factors regulated by QS makes lemon oils good candidates to be applied as preservatives in the food processing industry.
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Tipan Cando, Johanna Alexandra, i Ana Pamela Pachucho Flores. "Aromatherapy in nursing students to reduce stress". Ibero-American Journal of Education & Society Research 4, nr 2 (7.07.2024): e24020. http://dx.doi.org/10.56183/iberoeds.v4i2.672.
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Background. The use of traditional and complementary medicine is the result of unifying two types of ancestral medicines, which covers part of the professional practices, one of them is aromatherapy, which is a complementary health therapy, using essential oils as the main therapeutic agents, can be applied through inhalation and massage. In the inhalation mechanism, essential oils can communicate signals to the olfactory system and stimulate the brain. Objective. To evaluate the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essence to reduce stress in nursing students. Methodology. Quantitative approach, quasi-experimental design and correlational scope, with a sample of 28 Nursing students. The analysis of the quantitative data was processed through tabulation in the Excel platform and statistically analyzed in the SPSS version 29.0 software program and using the student t test. Results. The normality of the pre- and post-test values was checked, whose significance values of the Shapiro Wilk test were > 0.05, determining a normal distribution of the data. Therefore, the parametric Student's T test for related samples was applied, yielding a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. Conclusion. The researcher's alternative hypothesis was accepted, that is, that aromatherapy does reduce students' stress.
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Prisinda, Diani, Ame Suciati Setiawan i Fajar Fitriadi. "Antibacterial potential of Ocimum sanctum oils in relation to Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212". Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 51, nr 3 (30.09.2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i3.p104-107.
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Background: Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive cocci present in the root canal due to the failure of endodontic treatment and pulp tissue necrosis. The ideal root canal medicine offers biocompatible properties, ease of cleaning, absence of tooth staining and non-disruption of the root canal filling process. Basil (Ocimum sanctum) is one of the herbs widely used in salads which produces anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral effects. The antibacterial effect of basil results from the eugenol which represents a main component demonstrating antibacterial properties. Basil essential oil has an antibacterial effect on both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the essential oils contained in basil leaves offer any antibacterial potential with regard to the growth of Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212. Methods: The research was experimental in nature incorporating a simple random sampling technique. In this study, groups of active substance compounds contained in basil leaves were extracted by distillation in order to obtain the essential oil. Preparation of the test solution involved essence of basil leaf oil at concentrations of 5,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 20,000 ppm in methanol solvent. A phytochemical test of basil was subsequently conducted in order to identify the content of the compound. The bacteria in this study was tested utilizing a disc diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer test) by measuring the diameter of the clear zone (clear zone) which is indicative of the bacterial growth inhibition response of antibacterial compounds in the extract. Results: The results of the research into the phytochemical test showed that basil contains phenolic flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins which produce a negative result on steroids. The results of this study showed that the basil essential oil inhibition zone present in the Enterecoccus faecalis growth had a diameter of 11.70 mm at a concentration of 20,000 ppm. This concentration therefore proved most effective in relation to Enterococcus faecalis than other concentrations. Conclusion: It can be concluded that essential oils of basil leaves demonstrate anti-bacterial inhibitory properties with regard to Enterococcus faecalis.
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Yunita, Yunita, Fitria Lestari i Yuli Febrianti. "Antibacterial activity lemongrass leaves of Staphylococcus aureus inhibition one". JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) 5, nr 2 (29.11.2020): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v5i2.782.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a nosocomial problem that can cause skin infections. Treatment of skin infections can be done by using citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) which is antibacterial because it contains compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, and essential oils. This study aims to determine the antibacterial power of Cymbopogon nardus leaf starch essence against Staphylococcus aureus inhibition zone. This type of research is a laboratory experiment using a post-test only control group design. The results showed that the extract of Cymbopogon nardus leaves with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% with positive control of ampicillin had different inhibitory zona against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The conclusion is that the concentration of Cymbopogon nardus leaf starch is the most effective and forms an inhibition zone with the largest average (16.28), namely a concentration of 20%.Keywords: Antibacterial, lemongrass, Staphylococcus aureus
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Chaiyasut, Chaiyavat, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Jakkrit Wongwan, Kanyarat Thiwan, Wandee Rungseevijitprapa, Areewan Klunklin i Wipada Kunaviktikul. "Effects of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Healthy Volunteers". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (26.07.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4389239.
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Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies to improve health. The aromatic essential oils have been used in the treatment procedure through inhalation of essential oil vapor, massage, and herbal bathing. Litsea species are generally used in traditional medicine, and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon is a potent fumigant plant, used in cosmetics and foods as essence. The chemical composition of the essential oil of different parts of L. cubeba has been found to be varied. L. cubeba essential oil (LEO) is known for the treatment of cognition-associated discomforts. The current study assessed the impact of inhalation of LEO on mood states and salivary cortisol levels of healthy people. Fifteen healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire and ELISA methods were employed to determine the mood states and salivary cortisol level, respectively. (-)-β-pinene, β-citral, cis- and trans-citral, citronellal, limonene, linalool, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were detected in LEO by GC-MS analysis. The heart rate and blood pressure were not affected significantly during LEO exposure. The inhalation of LEO significantly improved the total mood disturbance and reduced the confusion among the healthy human subjects. LEO inhalation reduced the salivary cortisol level at a notable level. The results of the current study warrant further studies on the beneficial effect of LEO aromatherapy in healthy and diseased subjects to uncover the therapeutic nature of the L. cubeba plant.
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Ambrosio, Carmen M. S., Alberto C. Miano, Erick Saldaña i Eduardo M. Da Gloria. "A citrus essential oil causes higher disturbance on the growth kinetics of Enterococcus faecalis than Lactobacillus rhamnosus". Scientia Agropecuaria 13, nr 4 (15.12.2022): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.034.
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Essential oils (EOs) have turned a promising alternative to using antibiotics in poultry production due to their antimicrobial properties. EOs could effectively combat pathogenic bacteria affecting poultry. Particularly, Citrus EOs, a by-product of citrus processing industries, could be a feasible alternative to this end due to their vast availability in the global market. Enterococci are associated with intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in poultry, which can increase poultry mortality. On the other hand, Lactobacilli are beneficial bacteria inhabiting the poultry gut and have health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a commercial citrus EO, Orange oil phase essence (OOPE), on Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus as well as to determine OOPE chemical composition. Results showed that OOPE inhibited E. faecalis and L. rhamnosus at 14.8 mg/mL. However, the evaluation of OOPE effects on the growth kinetics parameters of both bacteria reveled that OOPE caused higher disturbances on the growth kinetics of E. faecalis than L. rhamnosus. OOPE significantly reduced the maximal culture density (A) and growth rate (µmax) and extended the lag phase duration (λ) of E. faecalis in a dose-dependent manner, while OOPE slightly extended λ and affected µmax of L. rhamnosus. OOPE at 3.70 mg/mL reduced A and µmax in ~87.34 and 90.2%, respectively, while increased λ 3.8 times of E. faecalis. OOPE at this concentration reduced µmax in 11.8% and extended λ 1.38 times of L. rhamnosus. Therefore, OOPE had a selective antibacterial activity, presenting higher activity on E. faecalis. Despite, limonene was identified as the major compound (87.22%) of OOPE, minor compounds such as trans-carveol could be involved in conferring the selective antibacterial activity of OOPE.
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González-Minero, Francisco José, Luis Bravo-Díaz i Esteban Moreno-Toral. "Pharmacy and Fragrances: Traditional and Current Use of Plants and Their Extracts". Cosmetics 10, nr 6 (15.11.2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060157.
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This paper aims to establish a current relationship between pharmaceutical sciences andthe development of perfumes and fragrances, which bring significant economic benefits. For this purpose, historical data are used as a starting point, and galenic, chemical and botanical aspects are discussed in a transversal way. Sources such as Web of Science (WOS) and databases such as Scopus, monographs and various web pages (where scientific–technical documents appear) were used. The results and discussion are based on the selection of the 50 plant species most commonly used in high-quality fragrances. Therefore, this publication should be considered an approach to this subject based on an analysis of a representative sample of data. Some characteristics of perfumes (classification according to the concentration of essential oils and combination of plant extracts) are presented beforehand. The main focus of this work is the botanical and chemical analysis of these described plants, pointing out their common name, correct botanical name, geographical place of origin, used part of the plant and main molecules. The most significant families are aromatic: Rutaceae, Lamiaceae (16.7%) and Apiaceae. The most represented genus is Citrus (with seven species or hybrids). However, it should be noted that natural extracts of good quality natural fragrances may be supplemented with chemically synthesized molecules. Of the 50 botanical species selected, 84% of the extracts have their origin in Tropical Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean region. This figure generally coincides with the percentage of medicinal plants (or their extracts) admitted by the European Pharmacopoeia. All parts of a plant (depending on which one it is) can be a source of molecules for the elaboration of these products. The most commonly used parts to obtain extracts are flowers and leaves, a biological circumstance that is explained in this work. In this work, 110 molecules have been found that are part of the essences of perfumes and fragrances; the most frequent are linalool, limonene, 1,8-cineole, eugenol and derivatives, geraniol, vanillin and derivatives, β-caryophyllene, p-cymene, and farnesene and derivatives. However, in order to elaborate a quality perfume, many other molecules must be taken into account, according to the creative experience of the perfumer, which is subject to confidentiality, and chemical analysis according to current legislation, which would avoid fraud, allergy and dermatitis problems.
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Николаева, Ю. В., А. Ю. Конькова i В. В. Тарасова. "Study of the influence of flavoring ingredients on the organoleptic characteristics of flavoring agents". Food processing industry, nr 6 (31.05.2024): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2024.6.6.014.
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Ароматические и вкусовые добавки нашли свое применение в самых различных отраслях пищевой промышленности. В группу ароматических входят ароматические композиции, эфирные масла, включая олеорезины, а также разнообразные усилители вкуса и аромата. Введение их в состав ингредиентов позволяет добиться стабилизации вкусовых и ароматических свойств готовой продукции. Широко используются вкусоароматические добавки при производстве различных продуктов, а также при производстве пищевых и биологически активных добавок. Немалой популярностью пользуются натуральные вкусовые добавки, которые получаются из исходных продуктов под воздействием физических способов. Материалы для них могут быть растительного или животного происхождения. В пищевой промышленности применяются также идентичные натуральным и синтетические вкусовые вещества. Ароматизаторы, которые ранее назывались «эссенциями», давно входят в перечень сырья, как для фармацевтической, так и для пищевой промышленности. Также применяются и в других сферах деятельности человека совместно с растительным или животным сырьем. К преимуществам вкусоароматических смесей, если сравнивать их с растительными видами сырья, относятся их микробиологическая чистота, длительные сроки годности, минимальные складские расходы благодаря стабильности при хранении, отсутствие токсичных элементов, а также легкость и точность дозирования. Ароматизаторы производятся в виде порошков, жидкостей, реже паст. В условиях импортонезависимости остро встает вопрос разработки отечественных ингредиентов, поскольку последние годы характеризовались импортом такого сырья. Поэтому расширение ассортимента отечественных ароматизаторов является сегодня актуальной задачей. Среди фруктово-ягодных одним из распространенных и желательных для потребителя ароматов является аромат свежей клубники. При проведении исследований по разработке рецептуры ароматизатора использовали вкусоароматические вещества согласно ТР ТС 029/2012 «Требования безопасности пищевых добавок, ароматизаторов и технологических вспомогательных средств», эфирные масла, растворители 1,2-пропиленгликоли, коммерческие образцы ароматизаторов ведущих импортных фирм-производителей. Органолептические характеристики микроингредиентов заданного рецептурного состава определяли дегустацией продуктов с образцами разработанных ароматизаторов методами парного сравнения, описательным и профильным анализом. Aroma and flavor additives have found their application in a wide variety of sectors of the food industry. The aromatic group includes aromatic compositions, essential oils, including oleoresins, as well as various flavor and aroma enhancers. Their introduction into the ingredients makes it possible to stabilize the taste and aroma properties of the finished product. Flavoring additives are widely used in the production of various products, as well as in the production of food and biologically active additives. Natural flavoring additives, which are obtained from raw materials under the influence of physical methods, are quite popular. Materials for them can be of plant or animal origin. The food industry also uses identical natural and synthetic flavoring agents. Flavorings, previously called «essences», have long been included in the list of raw materials for both the pharmaceutical and food industries. They are also used in other areas of human activity together with plant or animal raw materials. The advantages of flavoring mixtures, when compared with plant raw materials, include their microbiological purity, long shelf life, minimal storage costs due to storage stability, the absence of toxic elements, as well as ease and accuracy of dosing. Flavorings are produced in the form of powders, liquids, and less commonly, pastes. In conditions of import independence, the issue of developing domestic ingredients is acute, since recent years have been characterized by the import of such raw materials. Therefore, expanding the range of domestic flavors is an urgent task today. Among fruit and berry aromas, one of the most common and desirable aromas for consumers is the aroma of fresh strawberries. When conducting research to develop a flavoring formulation, we used flavoring substances in accordance with TR CU 029/2012 «Safety requirements for food additives, flavorings and technological aids», essential oils, 1,2-propylene glycol solvents, commercial samples of flavorings from leading foreign manufacturers. The organoleptic characteristics of microingredients of a given recipe composition were determined by tasting products with samples of deve-loped flavorings using paired comparison, descriptive and profile analysis methods.
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Roca-Royes, Sonia. "Essential Properties and Individual Essences". Philosophy Compass 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-9991.2010.00364.x.
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Hoffmann, Klaus H. "Essential oils". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 75, nr 7-8 (28.07.2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2020-0124.
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Knoerr, Kellie. "ESSENTIAL OILS". Gastroenterology Nursing 41, nr 3 (2018): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sga.0000000000000360.
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Paine, Luther L. "ESSENTIAL OILS". Journal of the American Dental Association 138, nr 3 (marzec 2007): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0150.
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Lyon, Kenneth F. "Essential oils". Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 5, nr 4 (grudzień 1988): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875648800500404.
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Rahunuma, Sarwar, i Pathiyil Ravi Shankar. "Essential Oils". Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 7, nr 2 (31.12.2019): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v7i2.30696.
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Grey, Katherine R., Solveig L. Hagen i Erin M. Warshaw. "Essential Oils". Dermatitis 27, nr 4 (2016): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/der.0000000000000202.
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Leichtentritt, Ronit D., i Kathryn D. Rettig. "The Good Death: Reaching an Inductive Understanding". OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 41, nr 3 (listopad 2000): 221–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2glb-5ykf-4162-djud.
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The study examines descriptions by twenty-six elderly Israelis of a good death. The transcripts of personal interviews were analyzed using phenomenological methods to determine general and essential essences of the good death phenomenon. The good death was perceived as a multidimensional phenomenon based on eighteen general essences that were condensed into five essential essences that included the physiological, personal, interpersonal, social, and cultural domains of life. The good death incorporated past, present, and future time periods; and was underlined by the fundamental wish to establish continuity. The good death description further involved a critical component toward the ways in which death and dying are currently occurring in Israel. The research results call for Israeli policy-makers to more forcefully acknowledge and accommodate the different secular perspectives of the good death into law and to allow individuals more freedom and control over the dying processes and rituals following one's death.
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Ujvári, Márta. "Explanation and Individual Essence". European journal of analytic philosophy 13, nr 2 (9.07.2018): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/ejap.13.2.2.
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In this paper I show that a novel ontic reading of explanation, intending to capture the de re essential features of individuals, can support the qualitative view of individual essences. It is argued further that the putative harmful consequences of the Leibniz Principle (PII) and its converse for the qualitative view can be avoided, provided that individual essences are not construed in the style of the naïve bundle theory with set-theoretical identity- conditions. Adopting either the more sophisticated two-tier BT or, alternatively, the neo-Aristotelian position of taking essences as natures in the Aristotelian sense, can help to evade these main charges against the qualitative view. The functional parallels with the alternative haecceitistic view of individuation and individual essence will also be considered.
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Gärdenfors, Peter. "Concept modeling, essential properties, and similarity spaces". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, nr 6 (grudzień 2001): 1105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01230131.
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Bloom argues that concepts depend on psychological essentialism. He rejects the proposal that concepts are based on perceptual similarity spaces because it cannot account for how we handle new properties and does not fit with our intuitions about essences. I argue that by using a broader notion of similarity space, it is possible to explain these features of concepts.
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Ahn, Woo-kyoung, Charles Kalish, Susan A. Gelman, Douglas L. Medin, Christian Luhmann, Scott Atran, John D. Coley i Patrick Shafto. "Why essences are essential in the psychology of concepts". Cognition 82, nr 1 (listopad 2001): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(01)00145-7.
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Noyes, Alexander, i Frank C. Keil. "Generics designate kinds but not always essences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, nr 41 (23.09.2019): 20354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900105116.
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People believe that some categories are kinds with reliable causal structure and high inductive potential (e.g., tigers). Widely endorsed theories propose that people are biased to assume kinds are essential, and so naturally determined by internal causal properties. Generic language (e.g., “men like sports”) is 1 mechanism thought to evoke this bias. We propose instead that generics principally designate that categories are kinds. Participants can entertain diverse causal structures in the presence of generics: Hearing that biological properties generalize to a category (e.g., “men grow beards”) prompts participants to infer essential structure, but hearing neutral or social properties (“women are underpaid”) generalized prompts other causal beliefs. Thus, generics induce essentialism only in interaction with cues that reasonably prompt essentialist explanation. We tested our model with adult participants (n = 739 total), using measures that disentangle essentialist beliefs from kind beliefs. In study 1, we replicate prior methods with our new measures, and find that generics influence kind beliefs more than essentialism. In study 2, we vary property content (biological vs. cultural properties), and show that generics only increase essentialism when paired with biological properties. In study 3, we show that generics designate kinds but not essentialism when neutral properties are used across animals, tools, and people. In study 4, we show that believing a category is a kind increases the spontaneous production of generic statements, regardless of whether the kind is essential or socially constructed. Generics do not necessitate essentialist beliefs. Participants were flexible in their reasoning about kinds.
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Livadas, Stathis. "Husserl’s Sachhaltigkeit and the Question of the Essence of Individuals". International Philosophical Quarterly 60, nr 4 (2020): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ipq20201120158.
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Phenomenology can be roughly described as the theory of the pure essences of phenomena. Yet the meaning of essence and of concepts traditionally tied to it (such as the concepts of a priori and of essential necessity) are far from settled. This is especially true given the impact modern science has had on established philosophical views and the need for revisiting certain core notions of philosophy. In this paper I intend to review Husserl’s view on thingness-essence and his conception of the essence of individuals, based mainly in his writings from the time of Logical Investigations, Ideas, and later of Experience and Judgment. Taking account of the work of Lothar Eley in Die Krise des Apriori, among others, I will inquire into the ways in which phenomenology may undermine (one could even say fully “destroy”) the view of essences as non-factual, as well as undermine their ontological priority. Doing so may help to shape a conception of material or formal individual essences and generally of essences as concrete objects of experience in virtue of well-defined epistemic ones.
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Limberger, Renata P., Cláudia A. Simões-Pires, Marcos Sobral i Amélia T. Henriques. "Essential Oils ofMarliereaSpecies". Journal of Essential Oil Research 16, nr 5 (wrzesień 2004): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698776.
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Lundie, S. "Fearing essential oils". International Journal of Aromatherapy 7, nr 1 (1995): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-4562(95)80019-0.
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Cherian, Elsa, Lakshmi Mohan, Jobil J. Arackal, K. A. Anju, Sruthi Rajan i Veerapandi Loganathan. "Essential Oils – Anti-Microbial and Pharmacological Properties of Essential Oils". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1258, nr 1 (1.10.2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1258/1/012009.
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Abstract The oils that are essential are highly concentrated herbal extracts from extremely significant botanicals. Popularly these oils are used in complementary and substitute medicine. The oil is usually extracted from flowers, leaves, roots, and added parts of plants. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their components has been studied for a very long time. Essential oils are produced from a complex combination of unstable atoms that are delivered by the optional digestion of sweet-smelling and medicinal plants and can be produced by various techniques, including distillation or microwaves. The huge number of studies on the antimicrobial action of essential oils has permitted the logical acknowledgment of these mixtures on the control of a wide scope of microbial microorganisms. The advances made on the examination of the method of activity of essential oils against bacterial cell targets give us new points of view to battle constant and antimicrobial safe bacterial microorganisms.
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Bigelow, John. "The World Essence". Dialogue 29, nr 2 (1990): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001221730001297x.
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Recently, Brian Ellis came up with a neat and novel idea about laws of nature, which at first I misunderstood. Then I participated, with Brian Ellis and Caroline Lierse, in writing a joint paper, “The World as One of a Kind: Natural Necessity and Laws of Nature” (Ellis, Bigelow and Lierse, forthcoming). In this paper, the Ellis idea was formulated in a different way from that in which I had originally interpreted it. Little weight was placed on possible worlds or individual essences. Much weight rested on natural kinds. I thought Ellis to be suggesting that laws of nature attribute essential properties to one grand individual, The World. In fact, Ellis is hostile towards individual essences for any individuals at all, including The World. He is comfortable only with essential properties of kinds, rather than individuals. The Ellis conjecture was that laws of nature attribute essential properties to the natural kind of which the actual world is one (and presumably the only) member.
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YANG, ERIC. "Kenoticism and essential divine properties". Religious Studies 56, nr 3 (13.02.2019): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412518000860.
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AbstractTraditional Christology maintains that Christ was a single divine person with two natures (human and divine). According to kenotic Christology, certain divine properties such as omniscience and omnipotence were divested in order for Christ to acquire essential human properties. However, such a view appears to conflict with perfect-being theology, which takes omniscience and omnipotence to be essential properties for being divine. I propose a view that adopts a Thomistic theory of essences in order to show that there need be no conflict, and hence Christ can give up the property of being omniscient while still being essentially omniscient.
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Noyes, Alexander, i Frank C. Keil. "There is no privileged link between kinds and essences early in development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, nr 20 (4.05.2020): 10633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003627117.
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According to the dominant view of category representation, people preferentially infer that kinds (richly structured categories) reflect essences. Generic language (“Boys like blue”) often occupies the central role in accounts of the formation of essentialist interpretations—especially in the context of social categories. In a preregistered study (n = 240 American children, ages 4 to 9 y), we tested whether children assume essences in the presence of generic language or whether they flexibly assume diverse causal structures. Children learned about a novel social category described with generic statements containing either biological properties or cultural properties. Although generic language always led children to believe that properties were nonaccidental, young children (4 or 5 y) in this sample inferred the nonaccidental structure was socialization. Older children (6 to 9 y) flexibly interpreted the category as essential or socialized depending on the type of properties that generalized. We uncovered early-emerging flexibility and no privileged link between kinds and essences.
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Gutland, Christopher. "Psychological Consciousness of Non-Psychological Contents". European Psychologist 26, nr 2 (kwiecień 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000426.
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Abstract. This article phenomenologically contrasts the experience of sensations and concepts as two forms of psychological awareness of non-psychological content. While the contents of sensations inform us about physical states and processes, concepts inform us about essences and essential structures. In conscious awareness, thus, the fields of physics, psychology, and logic become intertwined. This article uses phenomenology to distinguish between these different fields based on the way we experience them. While investigating the experiences of the related act types of sensing and thinking, parallels are discovered between sensing and thinking and between imagining and judging. The article concludes with a closer examination of the conscious awareness of essences.