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Longchamp, Quentin. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de l'écoulement dans le canal d'entrée d'un modèle de turbine bulbe". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30591/30591.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is part of the research activities of the Hydraulic Machines Laboratory of the Laval University and its objective is to contribute to the characterisation of the intake flow in a model of a bulb turbine. The representation of the mean velocity fields and the turbulent fluctuations under predefined operating conditions were obtained by the use of a LDV measurement system. Mass-flow imbalance and vortices in the intake channel were identified. The conception of an obstacle geometry causing a non-uniformity in the intake channel has been developed taking in consideration the predictions of numerical simulation. Numerical simulations of the complete machine for both steady and unsteady case were performed with and without obstacle in the intake channel. The objective of this process was to evaluate the influence of the intake flow condition on the turbine performances. Moreover, comparisons between experimental and numerical quantities were made.
Rolland, Romain. "Caractérisation de l'interaction fluide-structure d'un assemblage de coeur de réacteur sous forçage sismique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAE005.
Pełny tekst źródłaWithin the framework of safety studies, it is necessary to have validated models of the fluid forces exerted on fuel assemblies in the event of an earthquake. In the PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) technology used in France, fuel assemblies are made of cylindrical rods bundles arranged in a square array and subjected to an axial flow. In case of an earthquake, these assemblies are subjected to lateral oscillations. These vibrations can lead to the deformation of the assemblies. Test campaigns on real fuel assemblies have been carried out and have revealed the existence of dissipative fluid forces whose evolution and spatial distribution are still poorly documented. The objective of the present work is to contribute to the description of these forces in dynamics. The reference model for the description of the dynamics of slender structures under axial flow is the TLP model (Taylor-Lighthill-Païdoussis). In the literature this model has been validated for a structure very close to the cylinder bundle. Static studies performed on a cylinder in a bundle have shown a non-negligible influence of the extremities on the forces exerted by the fluid on the structure. The literature proposes few validation cases of the TLP model for more complex structures close to a fuel assembly. In order to evaluate the capacity of the model to describe the fluid forces exerted on a structure closer to a fuel assembly, a new test bench was designed and put into service. This test rig allows to laterally oscillate a cylinder bundle 5 x 5 with grids at each end in an axial flow. Force measurements at each grid give access to the resultant force of the structure. A numerical model completes this experimental approach and gives access to the distribution of forces in the structure. The forces obtained experimentally seem to indicate an important effect of the grids. The forces obtained from the simulations confirm the observations made on a bundle of cylinders and bring new elements on the distribution of the local forces as well as the influence of the extremities
Nehmé, Haissam. "Étude de l'ébullition dans un canal rectangulaire, inclinable, de grand diamètre hydraulique". Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0027.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuiot, Isabelle. "Première contribution à l'étude de la perturbation provoquée par une grille dans un canal de pisciculture". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL137N.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the preparation of the homogenization of a flow through a grid in an open channel ; it is particularly concerned with the influence of all the significant non dimensional numbers which occur in the problem : first of all the classical ones (Reynolds, Foude, Weber and Bond numbers) ; then, those obtained with the parameters linked to the grid (height, thickness, holes period and percentage). One chapter is based on simplified hypotheses (ideal fluid and continuous obstacle) ; it enables to focus on the effects of the Foude and Weber numbers, and of the obstacle height, on the shape of the free surface. The last two chapters consider the complete problem and try to determine the length of the perturbed zone (boundary layer thickness), and the free surface height around the obstacle (whiche has to be controled in order to avoid floodin)
Gallière, Jean-Marc. "Etude et modélisation électrique du court-circuit grille-canal dans le transistor MOS". Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20139.
Pełny tekst źródłaCanivet, Eric. "Réconciliation et validation des mesures sur un système hydraulique complexe : le canal de Provence". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10011.
Pełny tekst źródłaMacia, Julie. "Identification et essais de techniques biochimiques de devitalisation sur des essences ligneuses générant des risques sur les ouvrages hydrauliques". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0342.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe woody vegetation implanted on dikes and dams is well known for its many positive effects including bank stabilization, biodiversity, shade, etc. Thus, managers have left trees growing on these sites. But, recent studies show that trees and their root systems in particular may cause a range of damage such as uprising, cracking and deconstruction leading to internal risks and external erosion risks for hydraulic structures. A strengthening of the regulations for dikes and dams has obliged managers and owners to ensure the control, the technical monitoring and maintenance of their structures. However, regulations about use of plant protection products have also been reinforced, particularly with the ministerial ruling of 4 may 2017 (NOR : AGRG1632554A) forbidding the use of such products (including chemical herbicides) less than 5 m from bodies of water. These regulations in constant evolution forced a change in the usual practices thereby leaving managers confronted with an important problem of vegetation developing on their dikes and dams. Management plans must be elaborated in order to conciliate security, environmental and landscape issues. But traditional mechanical methods (logging, cutting and root extraction) are destructive for hydraulic structures and landscapes. It is urgent to set up preventive management techniques on young trees which potentially could constitute a risk when they grow.This thesis focuses on the search of alternative methods of devitalization of young trees generating risks on dikes and dams. The first part of research, divided in three Phases, consisted of screening and optimizing in greenhouse and field a range of possible and effective methods on the most predominant tree species found on hydraulic structures in France. The second part, also divided in three Phases, aimed to put in place a screening of selected methods on field test methods, and, at the same time, optimize methods according to specific parameters (trees shape, security of workers…). This second part, only conducted on black Poplars, has highlighted various constraint and revealed partially effective methods. The last Phase in field, realized only on black Poplars, has shown the effectiveness of three methods (mechanical wounding, mechanical wounding coupled with biochemical, mechanical wounding coupled with thermal) at six months after treatment. The trees treated in the field will be observed by ARBEAUSOLutions staff in 2018 to confirm the efficiency twelve months after treatment. In September 2017, two potential effective methods have been submitted for patent protection in order to enable further tests in situ and ensure protection of industrial property rights. The results of this research suggest that the effectiveness of strategies for devitalization depends on the intensity and timing of treatments to avoid that the tree responds by initiating resprouts and suckers for its survival
Amblard, Alain. "Comportement hydraulique et thermique d'un canal plan corrugué application aux échangeurs de chaleur à plaques". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375954351.
Pełny tekst źródłaMesrar, Rachid. "Comportement plastique des tôles sous sollicitation biaxiale et analyse numérique de la mise en forme par gonflement hydraulique". Metz, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1991/Mesrar.Rachid.SMZ917.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJaquier, Thomas. "Hydroliennes à flux transverse : développement d'un prototype HARVEST en canal". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI059/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaInstream water turbines belong to the innovative energy which could contribute to the diversificationof renewable power sources. Works done during this thesis aims at contributing to the overallobjective of developing the HARVEST turbine, a cross flow ducted turbines concept, in realizing andtesting an entire prototype to demonstrate the value of the concept, to understand physicalphenomena involved and to validate the numerical applications developed in the laboratory LEGI.This prototype has been put and tested in an EDF open channel near Grenoble. The results are veryencouraging in terms of energy performance, mechanical behavior and control of the impact on thewater channel. This memory is ending with technological conclusions on the presented work andopenings on the possibilities of industrialization of the concept
Gaudin, Alexandre. "Sociétés sous pression : une anthropologie historique d'un dispositif hydraulique intermédiaire : le cas du canal de Manosque (1990-2010)". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0591.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuestioning the relatioship between social order and irrigation, this thesis explores the trajectory of an intermediary hydraulic apparatus that combines state and collective action: l'Association Syndicale du Canal de Manosque (france). This study investigates the controversies since the 1990s abiut the future of the irrigation canal that have involved engineers of a paragovernmental enterprise, state agents, elected representatives and members of the local population. It shows how interventions of these engineers around the canal generatepolitical tensions. They create a game of legal pluralism. They interfere with structural tensions between authorities about the definition of their field of action. They reconfigure dependencies among the local population about water and land access. They accompany the emergence of different negocoations arenas. The modernization of irrigation is thus a conflict-ridden process, which leads to the reconfiguration of hydraulic, juridical, social and public space. Whereas the paragovernmental enterprise put some of the water into market-based regulations, the activity of the association syndicale changesby organizing strategic actor's interests around the management of the externalities produced. This thesis proposes the development of an approach that tackles the internal and external relational aspects of hydraulic affairs as they come under state, industry, collective or individual action. It seeks to consider the limits between these different fields of social life as the outcome of a conflict-ridden and negotiated process
Brault, Jean-Simon. "Développement d'une cellule de conductivité hydraulique permettant d'évaluer l'anisotropie des tills compactés du nord québécois". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26917/26917.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCompacted tills are widely use as core of embankment dams in northern Quebec. It is expected that placement method in successive layers may result in a permeability anisotropy different from unity. Various experimental techniques are available to assess the permeability anisotropy for different types of materials. However, these methods have two principal disadvantages: i) the anisotropy rapport is evaluated on separate samples and ii) the experimental procedure could potentially disturb the sample by inappropriate manipulations. In order to improve the characterization of the anisotropy rapport of compacted tills, a new square cell was built. This new cell is able to quantify the anisotropy rapport in both states, saturated and almost saturated conditions. The permeability under vertical and horizontal flow is assessed on a single sample and a new experimental procedure has been developed to minimize preferential seepage paths along the porous stones. Injection of bovine gelatin is used to temporarily seal the porous stones perpendicular to the flow path (unused). Continuous hot water flow is used to extract the gelatin once the permeability testing is done. This new device and procedure have been successfully tested to evaluate the effect of placing method and stone content on the permeability anisotropy of compacted tills. For an analysis in quasi-saturated state, the anisotropy rapport is greater than 3 or 7 for a dry compaction. On the wet side, the anisotropy rapport is close to one. However, the procedure developed in the saturated condition should be used to confirm these results. In conclusion, this project has helped to build a useful tool to quantify the anisotropy rapport of tills, an important issue in the evaluation of embankment dams. Key words: permeability, anisotropy, square permeability cell, compacted tills, embankment dam.
Quentin, Françoise. "Contrôle du mouvement de la houle dans un canal". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD547.
Pełny tekst źródłaLennoz-Gratin, Christiane. "Hydraulique à l'interface sol/drain : application à la prévision du risque de colmatage minéral des drains agricoles". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20240.
Pełny tekst źródłaNguyen, Thi-Le-Quyen. "Couplage VOF-LPT pour l'étude de l'érosion : application à l'affouillement autour des piles d'ouvrages maritimes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0062.
Pełny tekst źródłaStructures located in a fluvial and maritime environment undergo variable hydromechanical, physicochemical, and climatic stresses that possibly contribute to their possible deterioration. Bridge piers and offshore wind turbine foundations (monopile and suction monopod foundations) are examples of such structures. Among the resulting phenomena, local scour has been identified as one of the main phenomena resulting from the aforementioned conditions. In the United States, over the past 30 years, a thousand bridges have collapsed due to erosion-related failures. However, the factors causing this phenomenon remain a problem to be radically addressed. To numerically highlight the erosion processes mentioned above, a VOF-LTP (Volume Of Fluid - Lagrangian Particle Tracking) coupling was studied and integrated into the OpenFOAM code. The movement of particles in the LPT is governed by Newton's three laws while the movement of the fluid is locally based on the Navier-Stokes equation. The possibility of a collision between two particles is then estimated directly as a function of their positions and their relative velocity during a computational time step. The solid-fluid interaction is taken into account by the drag force and the pressure forces acting on the particles. The numerical results of dam break flows in a hydraulic channel were compared with experimental measurements of free surface profiles and flow velocities to validate the coupling between two fluid-air phases. Then, the hydrodynamics of the flow around a vertical cylinder on a semi-industrial scale was studied. In the presence of a solid phase, the trajectory and sedimentation velocity of a sphere as a function of time is compared with the experimental results obtained from the literature for different fluid viscosities. During the experimental campaign, several tests were carried out concerning the erosion of a granular bed downstream of a dam break. Three particle sizes were used to focus on the influence of the porosity of the granular bed on the depth of erosion. The numerical results have shown a good adequation with experimental results. Finally, to achieve a full-size simulation, multi-scale modelling of the scour around a vertical cylinder was carried out. The comparisons between the numerical results with the experimental data from the literature have enabled us to identify risk areas, to interpret the role of porosity, cohesion, and flow regimes
Landry-Michaud, Louis. "Conception, construction et validation d'un mécanisme novateur permettant d'effectuer des essais hybrides en temps réel contrôlés en force avec un vérin hydraulique". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6061.
Pełny tekst źródłaDebiane, Khaled. "Hydraulique des écoulements laminaires à surface libre dans un canal pour des milieux visqueux ou viscoplastiques : régimes uniforme, graduellement varié, et rupture de barrage". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10199.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiarra, Mamadou. "Essais en canal à houle des forces exercées sur un mur déflecteur et du franchissement des vagues par-dessus le mur". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24853/24853.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPark, Hyung-Geun. "Trois essais empiriques sur les canaux de transmission entre secteurs réel et financier en Corée du Sud". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100064/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis consists of three Articles that fit into the same issue on the interrelationships between the financial and real sectors in South Korea. Our empirical analysis has verified the correct functioning of certain components of the transmission mechanism between the financial and real sectors. Firstly, we found that the bank lending channel has functioned as one of the transmission channels of monetary policy (Chapter 1). Then, we verified empirically that the capitalization of banks is an important factor in the transmission of monetary policy shocks (Chapter 2). Finally, our analysis of the interaction between property prices and bank lending has shown that there is a long-term relationship between property prices and bank lending (Chapter 3). As empirically verified in our analysis, the financial sector and the real sector are closely linked through shocks, either financial or real. The results highlight the following points vis-à-vis the monetary policy and macroprudential policy. First, it is important that monetary policy takes into account the capital regulation and its effect on the economy. Second, taking into account the fact that the mortgage is very closely linked to the economic situation in Korea, macroprudential policy instruments is required to reduce procyclicality. The central bank and the supervisory authority can collaborate to develop these instruments
NEDELEC, Yves. "Interactions en crue entre drainage souterrain et assainissement agricole". Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009180.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespax, Aurélien. "Incertitude des mesures de débit des cours d’eau au courantomètre. Amélioration des méthodes analytiques et apports des essais interlaboratoires". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring crisis (droughts or floods) hydrometric data are essential for decisions, in real-time, related to water resource management but also afterwards in cases of disagreement. Discharge measurements are the first step to produce such data and associated uncertainty has to be estimated in order to make coherent decisions. Although discharge measurements techniques have improved in recent years, uncertainty analysis is still a challenge in hydrometry.This study aims to estimate uncertainty in discharge measurements using the velocity-area method with potential perspective of ISO 748 standard updating. Different analytical methods, that follow the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, are available in the literature, all with their own limitations and drawbacks. To address the limitations of existing methods, this study presents a new methodology, called FLAURE, to estimate the uncertainty components. Special attention is given to the estimation of u’m component related to cross-sectional interpolation errors. High-resolution reference gaugings are used to assess the uncertainty component through a statistical analysis. The method then establishes an explicit link between the estimation of cross-sectional interpolation errors and a sampling quality index.It is a challenging task to assess which analytical method provides the best uncertainty estimation due to the lack of streamflow measurement reference standards in natural streams. A useful tool to empirically estimate the uncertainty of a gauging method is the field inter-laboratory experiments. This study presents a comparison between analytical methods and two field inter-laboratory experiments. The comparison has shown the limits of these two approaches and has not highlighted the best analytical method. However, further comparisons, with various site conditions, between the two approaches will probably consolidate analytical methods and improve the reliability of discharge uncertainty estimates
Abdellaziz, Mustapha. "Étude du comportement sous sollicitations monotones et cycliques de l'argile sensible de Beauharnois". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27831.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis M.Sc thesis presents the results of a study of the behaviour of the sensitive Beauharnois clay under monotonic and cyclic loading. This study is a part of a research project for the dynamic characterizations of sea Champlain clay. A geotechnical investigation was carried out at Beauharnois site with performing several in situ tests and sampling clay by using high quality sampler. A laboratory testing program was carried out in order to do a geotechnical characterization of the soil and to study the behaviour under monotonic and cyclic loading. The mechanical behaviour was studied by triaxial tests and simple shear tests. The limit state curve and critical state line of the clay were determined by undrained triaxial tests. The cyclic tests were used to determine the cyclic résistance of the soil and also to understand the degradation process of strength of the soil and the mechanisms of failure under these loading. The results show that the soil can perform a cyclic softening with large déformations during a cyclic stress. The comparison of the results of this study with other studies on sea Champlain Sea clay show that there is the same behaviour under cyclic loading.
Dufraisse, David. "Analyse expérimentale du comportement thermo-hydraulique de caloduc oscillant (Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) en environnement sévère : Application aux systèmes embarqués". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe pulsating heat pipe has been studied for more than twenty years, but is, for the time being, only used for the cooling of electronic components. Tbere is currently a keen interest in expanding the use of this technology to the cooling of embedded dissipative equipment. However, despite numerous experimental and numerical studies, the chaotic behavior of an pulsating heat pipe makes it difficult to predict its functioning under conditions never before encountered. Before being able to implement it in a transport-related application,it is necessary to consider the severe conditions that a pulsating heat pipe could encounter in such a context.The present study deals with the experimental validation of the use of a pulsating heat pipe under various severe conditions. For this purpose, a first device is made to observe the behavior of the pulsating heat pipe during temporal variations of the operating conditions observed during a typical flight or during the presence of mechanical vibrations. The pulsating heat pipe thus proves its possible use in this context. Two other devices serve the analysis of performance and operating limits for powers (8.4 kW) and heat flux densities(53 W/cm2) much higher than conventionally observed in the literature. Water is the most favorable fluid at these power levels, compared to pentane and methanol. These two devices also make it possible to observe the behavior during a uniform or non-uniform distribution of the injected thermal power on various hot sources. Parametric studies have been carried out on the various devices for the three working fluids, coupled with infrared visualizations, to deepen the understanding of the influence of the operating conditions: the filling ratio,power distribution and cold source temperature not only significantly influence performance but also the drying limit of the pulsating heat pipe
Katond, Mbay Jean-Paul. "Modélisation, développement et essais des turbines hydrauliques à utiliser sur des chutes d'eau typiques des rivières de la R.D. Congo". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209553.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn second lieu, vient la configuration de la vis inclinée de α = 30° et dont l’hélice est orientée de β = 45° sur le moyeu (p45H30). Ces deux configurations ont respectivement un rendement à débit nominal de 89 et 86 %./D.R. Congo has an electricity service rate that ranks as the lowest in the world (less than 1% in rural areas) despite its large hydroelectric potential estimated at 100,000 MW. To increase the rate of access to electricity by constructing small hydropower plant, it is imperative to use simple technology, reliable, robust and inexpensive. The Archimedean screw turbine appears to be an appropriate solution to these requirements. We have designed and manufactured locally (in Lubumbashi) a test bench for Archimedean’s screw turbines having two blades only and a large pitch p function of β ( β = 30 ° and β = 45 °, β being the orientation angle of the blade on the screw cylinder). The goal is to simplify manufacturing and reduce the amount of steel used for the screw relative to the screws used in Europe or in USA. The test bench has allowed the experiments with six configurations combining the slope of the screw (α = 22.5 °, 30 ° and 37.5 °) and the pitch p (with varying rotation speed). The optimal combination appeared to be the configuration of the screw inclined at α = 22.5 ° relative to the horizon and with an helix β = 45 ° on the cylinder of the screw. The second best configuration has an inclined screw α = 30 ° and the helix which is oriented β = 45 °. These two configurations each have a global efficiency of 89% and 86%, respectively.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Touir, Maatallah. "Conception des canaux assistée par ordinateur CCAO". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28418.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouhadef, Malek. "Contribution à l'étude des ondes de surface dans un canal : application à l'écoulement au-dessus d'un obstacle immergé". Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2008.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeiffert, Didier. "Facteurs pronostiques et intensification thérapeutique des cancers epidermoïdes de l'anus". Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN19007.
Pełny tekst źródłaJazayeri, Noushabadi Mahmoud Reza. "Characterisation of relationships between fracture network and flow-path network in fractured and karstic Reservoirs : Numerical modelling and field investigation (Lez aquifer, Southern France)". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20206.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlthough the specific flow behaviour of fractured reservoirs has been identified and modelled since relatively long time, there are still lots of problem concerning the fractured reservoir characterisation. The main problem, often cited in the context of the development and exploitation of fractured reservoirs, is the difficulty in defining the fracture network properties that impact the flow path-network and the inter-porosity flow transfer between the fracture continuum and matrix continuum. Well test is one of the tools that are used for the characterisation of geometrical and hydrodynamic properties of fractured reservoir, such as inter-porosity flow exchange coefficient, fracture storativity to whole reservoir storativity ratio, and reservoir permeability. But all these information applied to characterise a fractured reservoir at regional scale are inferred from only a few boreholes. One may thus wonder if all observation boreholes have the same hydrodynamic response to a well test. In order to answer this question a series of numerical well tests are conducted in synthetic fracture networks to evaluate the effect of the pumping well location on the dual porosity pressure responses. The impact of geometrical parameters, such as fracture spacing and mean length, on fluid flow behaviour and inter-porosity exchange coefficient are investigated for different pumping well location in the first chapter. Well test simulations in the synthetic fractured reservoirs, with a non uniform distribution pattern, highlight the dependency of the measured inter-porosity flow exchange coefficient to the pumping test location. The mean fracture length (which controls connectivity) is assessed to be the main geometrical parameter which influences the reservoir hydrodynamic response during well test. In the second chapter, the relationship between fracture network and flow-path network are investigated in a real fractured and karstic carbonate aquifer (Lez aquifer, southern France). A multi-disciplinary case study, which aims to assess the main parameters which affect the preferential flow-path network, is thus performed. It comprises geological, geophysical and hydrodynamic data acquisition and interpretations. The collection of geometrical parameters such as fracture density, orientation, length is done at different scales (borehole, field site, aquifer). Applying different data acquisition techniques such as borehole image, outcrop observation and aerial photography are claimed to characterise the fracture network. In this experimental part, it is shown that geological and geophysical data such as fracture data acquisition, borehole imagery (OTV), reservoir electrical resistivity imaging are the minimum requested data for characterizing the fracture network of a given reservoir. Investigation of flow-path network is done through conducting a series of well logging, interference tests and pulse tests at two scales. This step gives some clarifications about the quality of connectivity and conductivity of fractures at different zones. Then, we assess the relationship between fracture network and flow-path network by integrating all geological, geophysical and hydrodynamic data. It is shown that conducting well test series at two different scales within the same fractured and karstic reservoir allow verifying the scale dependency of permeability within a same system; it also shows that other important factors than the scale of observation affect these permeability variations. Combination of all data (geological, geophysical and hydrodynamic) illustrates that the borehole connectivity to the flow-path network and water table level during well test operation are the parameters which mainly control the permeability value estimation, whatever the scale of observation. Finally, in the third chapter, we define the hydrogeological conceptual models at local and regional scales. Then a simple 2D numerical model based on the hydrogeological conceptual model at each scale is proposed and the numerical geomodelling and fluid flow simulation are compared to the observed hydrodynamic behaviour in the site. Results of fluid flow simulation in the numerical models at local and regional scales confirm our hypothesis about effect of borehole location and its connectivity with the flow-path network on the recorded hydrodynamic responses at borehole
Larive, Catherine. "Apports combinés de l'expérimentation et de la modélisation à la compréhension de l'Alcali-réaction et de ses effets mécaniques". Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9707.
Pełny tekst źródłaA theoretical approach has been combined with an experimental one in order to better understand the mechanical behaviour of a concrete affected by Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR), and more precisely by Alkali-Silica Reaction. The interest of a model based on the mechanics of reactive porous media, first appears with the design of the experimental program, which involves more than six hundred samples. A first simple model has affected the choice of the main parameters (external water supply, temperature and stress) and also led us to consider a link between the mechanical consequences and the internal causes of AAR. Experimental data on deformations, cracking, weight variations and mechanical properties have been gathered. Furthermore, various techniques have allowed us to study the evolution of the material microstructure : scanning electron microscopy, visualization of the reaction products by fluorescence of the uranyle ion, mineralogical calculations. NThe main results are as follows : a) the state of stress does not affect the development of the physico-chemical mehanisms involved in AAR. A method, based on « imposed chemical deformations », may thus be proposed for calculting the structures concerned ; b) osmotic pressure (or imbibition) appears to play a secondary role on the swelling owing to AAR, which results from the location of the reaction products ; c) the quantity of water available when the products are formed is a major factor of the swelling amplitude and kinetics ; d) swelling car reach 0,1 % using only the water still available after cement hydration ; e) if the loss of water reaches a critical value, AAR simply stops,waiting for further water supply ; f) the intrinsic swelling heterogeneity was quantifie ; it emphasized the interest of a probabilistic framework for modelling AAR ; g) monitoring the evolution of the mechanical properties showed that the compressive an splitting tensile strengths are nos affected by AAR, whereas the Young’s modulus decreases by about 30 %, because of cracking ; h) the causes of the free swelling anisotropy are related to the casting direction and concrete anisotropy, regardless of AAR ; i) the S-shaped deformation curves are due to the increase in the porous space while concrete swells, making diffusion easier and hence accelerating the physico-chemical mechanisms ; j) the swelling acceleration stage gratly determines the deformation kinetics of an AAR affected concrete. External water supply and, above all, temperature have a major influence on the duration of this stage. All these results have enabled us to identify the parameters of a more advanced model describing the free swelling of a concrete similar to that of many affected structures in Northern France
"Essais en canal à houle des forces exercées sur un mur déflecteur et du franchissement des vagues par-dessus le mur". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24853/24853.pdf.
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