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1

Bhattacharyya, Archana. "Equatorial Plasma Bubbles: A Review." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (2022): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101637.

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The equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) phenomenon is an important component of space weather as the ionospheric irregularities that develop within EPBs can have major detrimental effects on the operation of satellite-based communication and navigation systems. Although the name suggests that EPBs occur in the equatorial ionosphere, the nature of the plasma instability that gives rise to EPBs is such that the bubbles may extend over a large part of the global ionosphere between geomagnetic latitudes of approximately ±15°. The scientific challenge continues to be to understand the day-to-day variabi
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2

Biktash, L. Z. "Role of the magnetospheric and ionospheric currents in the generation of the equatorial scintillations during geomagnetic storms." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 9 (2004): 3195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3195-2004.

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Abstract. The equatorial ionosphere parameters, Kp, Dst, AU and AL indices characterized contribution of different magnetospheric and ionospheric currents to the H-component of geomagnetic field are examined to test the geomagnetic activity effect on the generation of ionospheric irregularities producing VLF scintillations. According to the results of the current statistical studies, one can predict near 70% of scintillations from Aarons' criteria using the Dst index, which mainly depicts the magnetospheric ring current field. To amplify Aarons' criteria or to propose new criteria for predicti
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3

Onohara, A. N., I. S. Batista, and H. Takahashi. "The ultra-fast Kelvin waves in the equatorial ionosphere: observations and modeling." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 2 (2013): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-209-2013.

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Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the vertical coupling between the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region and the ionosphere through ultra-fast Kelvin (UFK) waves in the equatorial atmosphere. The effect of UFK waves on the ionospheric parameters was estimated using an ionospheric model which calculates electrostatic potential in the E-region and solves coupled electrodynamics of the equatorial ionosphere in the E- and F-regions. The UFK wave was observed in the South American equatorial region during February–March 2005. The MLT wind data obtained by meteor r
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4

Tsunomura, S. "Numerical analysis of global ionospheric current system including the effect of equatorial enhancement." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 5 (1999): 692–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0692-2.

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Abstract. A modeling method is proposed to derive a two-dimensional ionospheric layer conductivity, which is appropriate to obtain a realistic solution of the polar-originating ionospheric current system including equatorial enhancement. The model can be obtained by modifying the conventional, thin shell conductivity model. It is shown that the modification for one of the non-diagonal terms (Σθφ) in the conductivity tensor near the equatorial region is very important; the term influences the profile of the ionospheric electric field around the equator drastically. The proposed model can reprod
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5

Rishbeth, H. "The equatorial F-layer: progress and puzzles." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 7 (2000): 730–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0730-6.

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Abstract. This work reviews some aspects of the ionospheric F-layer in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator. Starting with a historical introduction, brief summaries are given of the physics that makes the equatorial ionosphere so interesting, concentrating on the large-scale structure rather than the smaller-scale instability phenomena. Several individual topics are then discussed, including eclipse effects, the asymmetries of the `equatorial trough', variations with longitude, the semiannual variation, the effects of the global thermospheric circulation, and finally the equatorial neutral
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6

Kobea, A. T., C. Amory-Mazaudier, J. M. Do, et al. "Equatorial electrojet as part of the global circuit: a case-study from the IEEY." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 6 (1998): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0698-1.

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Abstract. Geomagnetic storm-time variations often occur coherently at high latitude and the day-side dip equator where they affect the normal eastward Sq field. This paper presents an analysis of ground magnetic field and ionospheric electrodynamic data related to the geomagnetic storm which occured on 27 May 1993 during the International Equatorial Electrojet Year (IEEY) experiment. This storm-signature analysis on the auroral, mid-latitude and equatorial ground field and ionospheric electrodynamic data leads to the identification of a sensitive response of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) to
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7

Le Roux, Y. M., J. Ménard, J. P. Jolivet, and P. J. Davy. "<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> SCIPION, a new flexible ionospheric sounder in Senegal." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 6 (1998): 738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0738-x.

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Abstract. SCIPION is a new state of the art digital sounder that has been devoloped by France Telecom-CNET for ionospheric monitoring and research. Extensive data processing using DSP technology has resulted in a low power, low cost and full featured system for both vertical and oblique soundings. A SCIPION system is in the process of being installed in Dakar, Senegal, to study HF propagation in the sub-equatorial ionosphere. However, preliminary results have still been obtained during experiments wit a prototype system. In this paper, the system is described and some illustrative examples of
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8

Sahai, Y., P. R. Fagundes, J. R. Abalde, et al. "Generation of large-scale equatorial F-region plasma depletions during lowrange spread-F season." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 1 (2004): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-15-2004.

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Abstract. All-sky imaging observations of the F-region OI 630nm nightglow emission allow us to visualize large-scale equatorial plasma depletions, generally known as trans-equatorial plasma bubbles. Strong range type spread-F is the radio signature of these (magnetically) north-south aligned plasma depletions. An extensive database of the OI 630nm emission all-sky imaging observations has been obtained at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45.0°W; dip latitude ∼16°S), Brazil, between the years 1987 and 2000. An analysis of these observations revealed that relatively few large-scale ionospheric plasma
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9

Wang, Hai-Ning, Qing-Lin Zhu, Xiang Dong, et al. "A Novel Technique for High-Precision Ionospheric VTEC Estimation and Prediction at the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Region: A Case Study over Haikou Station." Remote Sensing 15, no. 13 (2023): 3394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15133394.

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This paper introduces a novel technique that uses observation data from GNSS to estimate the ionospheric vertical total electron content (VTEC) using the Kriging–Kalman method. The technique provides a method to validate the accuracy of the Ionospheric VTEC analysis within the Equatorial Ionization anomaly region. The technique developed uses GNSS VTEC alongside solar parameters, such as solar radio flux (F10.7 cm), Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) and other data, and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Networks to predict the occurrence time of the ionospheric equatorial anomaly and ionospheric VTEC ch
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10

Kulyamin, Dmitry V., Pavel A. Ostanin, and Valentin P. Dymnikov. "INM-IM: INM RAS Earth ionosphere F region dynamical model." Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling 37, no. 6 (2022): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rnam-2022-0028.

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Abstract A new INM RAS global dynamical model of Earth’s ionosphere F region (100–500 km), which takes into account plasma-chemical processes, ambipolar diffusion, and advective ion transport due to electromagnetic drifts and neutral wind is presented. The model includes parameterizations of polar electric fields induced by magnetospheric convection and simplified equatorial drifts considerations. The focus of the paper is directed on the description of specific methods developed and utilized in the ionospheric model. Key processes responsible for the formation of global ionospheric features a
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11

Hysell, D. L., E. Kudeki, and J. L. Chau. "Possible ionospheric preconditioning by shear flow leading to equatorial spread <i>F</i>." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 7 (2005): 2647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2647-2005.

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Abstract. Vertical shear in the zonal plasma drift speed is apparent in incoherent and coherent scatter radar observations of the bottomside F region ionosphere made at Jicamarca from about 1600–2200 LT. The relative importance of the factors controlling the shear, which include competition between the E and F region dynamos as well as vertical currents driven in the E and F regions at the dip equator, is presently unknown. Bottom-type scattering layers arise in strata where the neutral and plasma drifts differ widely, and periodic structuring of irregularities within the layers is telltale of
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12

DABBAKUTI, J. R. K. Kumar, D. Venkata RATNAM, and Surendra SUNDA. "MODELLING OF IONOSPHERIC TIME DELAYS BASED ON ADJUSTED SPHERICAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS." Aviation 20, no. 1 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2016.1162197.

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The ionosphere is the region of the upper atmosphere and the study of the upper atmosphere has a significant role in monitoring, modeling and forecasting for satellite based navigation services. As India lies in a low latitude region, a more careful approach has to be taken to characterize the ionosphere due to the irregularities and equatorial anomaly conditions. In order to study the ionospheric temporal variations, a regional ionospheric model based on the Adjusted Spherical Harmonic Analysis (ASHA) is implemented. The results indicate that the ASHA model is one of the contenders for estima
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13

Pimenta, A. A., P. R. Fagundes, Y. Sahai, J. A. Bittencourt, and J. R. Abalde. "Equatorial F-region plasma depletion drifts: latitudinal and seasonal variations." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 12 (2003): 2315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-2315-2003.

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Abstract. The equatorial ionospheric irregularities have been observed in the past few years by different techniques (e.g. ground-based radar, digisonde, GPS, optical instruments, in situ satellite and rocket instrumentation), and its time evolution and propagation characteristics can be used to study important aspects of ionospheric dynamics and thermosphere-ionosphere coupling. At present, one of the most powerful optical techniques to study the large-scale ionospheric irregularities is the all-sky imaging photometer system, which normally measures the strong F-region nightglow 630 nm emissi
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14

Rastogi, R. G. "Midday reversal of equatorial ionospheric electric field." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 10 (1997): 1309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1309-2.

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Abstract. A comparative study of the geomagnetic and ionospheric data at equatorial and low-latitude stations in India over the 20 year period 1956–1975 is described. The reversal of the electric field in the ionosphere over the magnetic equator during the midday hours indicated by the disappearance of the equatorial sporadic E region echoes on the ionograms is a rare phenomenon occurring on about 1% of time. Most of these events are associated with geomagnetically active periods. By comparing the simultaneous geomagnetic H field at Kodaikanal and at Alibag during the geomagnetic storms it is
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15

Pulinets, Sergey. "Low-Latitude Atmosphere-Ionosphere Effects Initiated by Strong Earthquakes Preparation Process." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/131842.

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Ionospheric and atmospheric anomalies registered around the time of strong earthquakes in low-latitude regions are reported now regularly. Majority of these reports have the character of case studies without clear physical mechanism proposed. Here we try to present the general conception of low-latitude effects using the results of the recent author’s publications, including also rethinking the earlier results interpreted basing on recently established background physical mechanisms of anomalies generation. It should be underlined that only processes initiated by earthquake preparation are con
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16

Nimmakayala, Shiva Kumar, and Bala Sai Srilatha Indira Dutt Vemuri. "Analysis of Ionospheric Scintillations using GPS and NavIC Combined Constellation." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 3 (2023): 10936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5863.

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The disturbances and irregularities in the ionosphere are the primarily recognized ramifications of space weather called scintillations. Irregularities in the electron densities are the source of the ionospheric scintillations. This article investigates the ionospheric scintillations, which are predominant in the trans-equatorial and equatorial regions. Based on the data from a multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver at the Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology Hyderabad, the relationship between the amplitude scintillation index S4 and the rate of change o
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17

Keskinen, M. J. "Equatorial ionospheric bubble precursor." Geophysical Research Letters 37, no. 9 (2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gl042963.

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18

Chakrabarti, N., and G. S. Lakhina. "Collisional Rayleigh-Taylor instability and shear-flow in equatorial Spread-F plasma." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 5 (2003): 1153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1153-2003.

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Abstract. Collisional Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is considered in the bottom side of the equatorial F-region. By a novel nonmodal calculation it is shown that for an applied shear flow in equilibrium, the growth of the instability is considerably reduced. Finite but small amounts of diffusion enhances the stabilization process. The results may be relevant to the observations of long-lived irregularities at the bottom-side of the F-layer.Key words. Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities, equatorial ionosphere, plasma waves and instabilities)
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19

Yizengaw, Endawoke. "Global Longitudinal Dependence Observation of the Neutral Wind and Ionospheric Density Distribution." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/342581.

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The statistical global view of the low-latitude ionospheric density stimulates further interest in studying the strong longitudinal variability of the ionospheric density structures in low-to-equatorial latitudes. However, we are not completely certain how the electrodynamics and ion-neutral coupling proceeds at low latitudes; in particular, the longitudinal difference in the dynamics of plasma structures in the low-to-mid latitude ionosphere is not yet fully understood. Numerical studies of latent heat release in the troposphere have indicated that the lower atmosphere can indeed introduce a
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20

SUN, J., Z. ZHANG, X. LIU, C. ZHANG, and Z. MU. "ANALYSIS OF IONOSPHERIC TEC ANOMALIES DURING SUPER TYPHOONS MEGI AND MERANTI." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya 3 (2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2021-3-117-126.

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In this paper, we detected and analyzed ionospheric anomalies during the 2016 super typhoons Megi and Meranti using the sliding interquartile range method applied to the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) grid data from the Global Ionospheric Model (GIM) provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). We found that ionospheric TEC anomalies occurred 2 days before the origination of super typhoon Megi. The anomalies occurred from 02:00 to 12:00 local time over a period of 10 h, with a maximum outlier of 12 TEC units over the typhoon center. Anomalies occurred in the ionos
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21

Hickey, Dustin A., Carlos R. Martinis, Michael Mendillo, Jeffrey Baumgardner, Joei Wroten, and Marco Milla. "Simultaneous 6300 Å airglow and radar observations of ionospheric irregularities and dynamics at the geomagnetic equator." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 2 (2018): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-473-2018.

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Abstract. In March 2014 an all-sky imager (ASI) was installed at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (11.95∘ S, 76.87∘ W; 0.3∘ S MLAT). We present results of equatorial spread F (ESF) characteristics observed at Jicamarca and at low latitudes. Optical 6300 and 7774 Å airglow observations from the Jicamarca ASI are compared with other collocated instruments and with ASIs at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8∘ S, 69.3∘ W; 19.8∘ S MLAT), and Villa de Leyva, Colombia (5.6∘ N, 73.52∘ W; 16.4∘ N MLAT). We use Jicamarca radar data, in incoherent and coherent modes, to obtain plasma parameters and detect echoes
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22

Yizengaw, E., P. L. Dyson, E. A. Essex, and M. B. Moldwin. "Ionosphere dynamics over the Southern Hemisphere during the 31 March 2001 severe magnetic storm using multi-instrument measurement data." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 3 (2005): 707–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-707-2005.

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Abstract. The effects of the 31 March 2001 severe magnetic storm on the Southern Hemisphere ionosphere have been studied using ground-based and satellite measurements. The prime goal of this comprehensive study is to track the ionospheric response from high-to-low latitude to obtain a clear understanding of storm-time ionospheric change. The study uses a combination of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) obtained from GPS signal group delay and phase advance measurements, ionosonde data, and data from satellite in-situ measurements, such as the Defense Metrological Satellite Program (DMSP
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23

Ratovsky, Konstantin G., Maxim V. Klimenko, Yury V. Yasyukevich, Vladimir V. Klimenko, and Artem M. Vesnin. "Statistical Analysis and Interpretation of High-, Mid- and Low-Latitude Responses in Regional Electron Content to Geomagnetic Storms." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (2020): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121308.

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Geomagnetic storm is one of the most powerful factors affecting the state of the Earth’s ionosphere. Revealing the significance of formation mechanisms for ionospheric storms is still an unresolved problem. The purpose of the study is to obtain a statistical pattern of the response in regional electron content to geomagnetic storms on a global scale to interpret the results using the upper atmosphere model (the Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere), to make the detailed comparison with the thermospheric storm concept, and to compare the obtained patte
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24

Elias, Ana G., Blas F. de Haro Barbas, Bruno S. Zossi, Franco D. Medina, Mariano Fagre, and Jose V. Venchiarutti. "Review of Long-Term Trends in the Equatorial Ionosphere Due the Geomagnetic Field Secular Variations and Its Relevance to Space Weather." Atmosphere 13, no. 1 (2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010040.

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The Earth’s ionosphere presents long-term trends that have been of interest since a pioneering study in 1989 suggesting that greenhouse gases increasing due to anthropogenic activity will produce not only a troposphere global warming, but a cooling in the upper atmosphere as well. Since then, long-term changes in the upper atmosphere, and particularly in the ionosphere, have become a significant topic in global change studies with many results already published. There are also other ionospheric long-term change forcings of natural origin, such as the Earth’s magnetic field secular variation wi
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25

Li, G., B. Ning, W. Wan, and B. Zhao. "Observations of GPS ionospheric scintillations over Wuhan during geomagnetic storms." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 6 (2006): 1581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1581-2006.

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Abstract. During the two geomagnetic storms which occurred on 1 October 2002 and 22 January 2004, the strong ionospheric scintillations of the GPS L1 band were observed at Wuhan station (30.6° N, 114.4° E, 45.8° Dip), which is situated near the northern crest of the equatorial ionosphere anomaly. We found that the intense scintillations were associated with the main phases of the storms and were co-located with the enhancement of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA); the co-existence of large- and small-scale irregularities at post-midnight was also found. The results may be relevant regard
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26

Maruyama, T., S. Saito, M. Kawamura, K. Nozaki, J. Krall, and J. D. Huba. "Equinoctial asymmetry of a low-latitude ionosphere-thermosphere system and equatorial irregularities: evidence for meridional wind control." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 5 (2009): 2027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2027-2009.

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Abstract. Nocturnal ionospheric height variations were analyzed along the meridian of 100° E by using ionosonde data. Two ionosondes were installed near the magnetic conjugate points at low latitudes, and the third station was situated near the magnetic equator. Ionospheric virtual heights were scaled every 15 min and vertical E×B drift velocities were inferred from the equatorial station. By incorporating the inferred equatorial vertical drift velocity, ionospheric bottom heights with the absence of wind were modeled for the two low-latitude conjugate stations, and the deviation in heights fr
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27

Diabaté, Abidina, Jean Louis Zerbo, and Frédéric Ouattara. "Variation of the foF2 parameter during fluctuating activity: Prediction with IRI-2012 compared to measured data from Ouagadougou inosonde station during solar cycles 21 and 22." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, no. 1 (2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13549.

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In this paper, we review on diurnal variations of the foF2 ionospheric parameter predicted by the IRI-2012 model, and data from Ouagadougou ionosonde station located in the crest of the Equatorial Anomaly (Lat: 12.5°N; Long: 358.5°E, dip: 1.43°) during fluctuating geomagnetic activity conditions for the solar cycles 21 and 22. Our investigations are focused on the electrodynamic aspects, the influence of the ionospheric electric currents as well as the variations of the hourly values given by model and experimental measurements. A comparative study pointed out that the IRI-2012 model, through
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28

Zakharenkova, I. E., A. Krankowski, and I. I. Shagimuratov. "Modification of the low-latitude ionosphere before the 26 December 2004 Indonesian earthquake." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 5 (2006): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-817-2006.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the features of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies in the total electron content (TEC) data obtained on the basis of regular GPS observations from the IGS network. For the analysis of the ionospheric effects of the 26 December 2004 Indonesian earthquake, global TEC maps were used. The possible influence of the earthquake preparation processes on the main low-latitude ionosphere peculiarity – the equatorial anomaly – is discussed. Analysis of the TEC maps has shown that modification of the equatorial anomaly occurred a few days before the earthquake. For 2 da
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29

Ryu, Kwangsun, Seunguk Lee, Chang Ho Woo, et al. "Science Objectives and Design of Ionospheric Monitoring Instrument Ionospheric Anomaly Monitoring by Magnetometer And Plasmaprobe (IAMMAP) for the CAS500-3 Satellite." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 39, no. 3 (2022): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2022.39.3.117.

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The Ionospheric Anomaly Monitoring by Magnetometer And Plasma-probe (IAMMAP) is one of the scientific instruments for the Compact Advanced Satellite 500-3 (CAS 500-3) which is planned to be launched by Korean Space Launch Vehicle in 2024. The main scientific objective of IAMMAP is to understand the complicated correlation between the equatorial electro-jet (EEJ) and the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) which play important roles in the dynamics of the ionospheric plasma in the dayside equator region. IAMMAP consists of an impedance probe (IP) for precise plasma measurement and magnetometers
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30

ROMANELLI, L., and F. A. HIRSCH. "An equatorial ionospheric current system." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 37, no. 6 (1985): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.37.575.

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31

Richmond, A. D. "Modeling equatorial ionospheric electric fields." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 57, no. 10 (1995): 1103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)00126-9.

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Chapagain, Narayan P. "Dynamics Ionospheric Plasma Bubbles Measured by Optical Imaging System." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (2015): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v20i1.13906.

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Deep plasma depletions during the nighttime period in the equatorial ionosphere (referred to as equatorial plasma bubbles –EPBs) can significantly affect communications and navigation systems. In this study, we present the image measurements of plasma bubble from Christmas Island (2.1°N, 157.4°W, dip latitude 2.8°N) in the central Pacific Ocean. These observations were made during September-October 1995 using a Utah State University (USU) CCD imaging system measured at ~280 km altitude. Well-defined magnetic field-aligned plasma depletions were observed for 18 nights, including strong post-mid
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33

Thampi, S. V., T. K. Pant, S. Ravindran, C. V. Devasia, and R. Sridharan. "Simulation studies on the tomographic reconstruction of the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere in the context of the Indian tomography experiment: CRABEX." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 10 (2004): 3445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3445-2004.

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Abstract. Equatorial ionosphere poses a challenge to any algorithm that is used for tomographic reconstruction because of the phenomena like the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) and Equatorial Spread F (ESF). Any tomographic reconstruction of ionospheric density distributions in the equatorial region is not acceptable if it does not image these phenomena, which exhibit large spatial and temporal variability, to a reasonable accuracy. The accuracy of the reconstructed image generally depends on many factors, such as the satellite-receiver configuration, the ray path modelling, grid intersect
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Nichols, J. D., and S. W. H. Cowley. "Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling currents in Jupiter's middle magnetosphere: effect of magnetosphere-ionosphere decoupling by field-aligned auroral voltages." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 3 (2005): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-799-2005.

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Abstract. We consider the effect of field-aligned voltages on the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling current system associated with the breakdown of rigid corotation of equatorial plasma in Jupiter's middle magnetosphere. Previous analyses have assumed perfect mapping of the electric field and flow along equipotential field lines between the equatorial plane and the ionosphere, whereas it has been shown that substantial field-aligned voltages must exist to drive the field-aligned currents associated with the main auroral oval. The effect of these field-aligned voltages is to decouple the flow o
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35

Becker-Guedes, F., Y. Sahai, P. R. Fagundes, et al. "Geomagnetic storm and equatorial spread-F." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 9 (2004): 3231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3231-2004.

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Abstract. In August 2000, a new ionospheric sounding station was established at Sao Jose dos Campos (23.2° S, 45.9° W; dip latitude 17.6° S), Brazil, by the University of Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP). Another ionospheric sounding station was established at Palmas (10.2° S, 48.2° W; dip latitude 5.5° S), Brazil, in April 2002, by UNIVAP in collaboration with the Lutheran University Center of Palmas (CEULP), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA). Both the stations are equipped with digital ionosonde of the type known as Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI). In order to study the effects of geo
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36

Sethi, N. K., M. K. Goel, and K. K. Mahajan. "Solar Cycle variations of ƒ<i>o</i>F2 from IGY to 1990." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 10 (2002): 1677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1677-2002.

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Abstract. Noontime monthly median values of F2-layer critical frequency foF2 (m) for some ionospheric stations representing low- and mid-latitudes are examined for their dependence on solar activity for the years 1957 (IGY) to 1990. This is the period for which ionospheric data in digital form is available in two CD-ROMs at the World Data Center, Boulder. It is observed that at mid-latitudes, foF2 (m) shows nearly a linear relationship with R12 (the 12-month running average of the Zurich sunspot number), though this relation is nonlinear for low-latitudes. These results indicate some departure
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37

Jonah, Olusegun F., Shunrong Zhang, Anthea J. Coster, et al. "Understanding Inter-Hemispheric Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances and Their Mechanisms." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020228.

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Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are wave-like disturbances in ionospheric plasma density. They are often observed during both quiet (medium-scale TID) and geomagnetically disturbed (large-scale TID) conditions. Their amplitudes can reach double-digit percentages of the background plasma density, and their existence presents a challenge for accurate ionosphere specification. In this study, we examine TID properties using observations obtained during two geomagnetically disturbed periods using multiple ground and space-borne instruments, such as magnetometers, Global Navigation Satelli
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38

Horvath, I., and E. A. Essex. "Vertical <i>E</i> × <i>B</i> drift velocity variations and associated low-latitude ionospheric irregularities investigated with the TOPEX and GPS satellite data." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 4 (2003): 1017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1017-2003.

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Abstract. With a well-selected data set, the various events of the vertical E × B drift velocity variations at magnetic-equator-latitudes, the resultant ionospheric features at low-and mid-latitudes, and the practical consequences of these E × B events on the equatorial radio signal propagation are demonstrated. On a global scale, the development of a equatorial anomaly is illustrated with a series of 1995 global TOPEX TEC (total electron content) maps. Locally, in the Australian longitude region, some field-aligned TOPEX TEC cross sections are combined with the matching Guam (144.86° E; 13.59
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39

Chen, Yiding, Libo Liu, Huijun Le, Hui Zhang, and Ruilong Zhang. "Responding trends of ionospheric F2-layer to weaker geomagnetic activities." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 12 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022005.

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Geomagnetic activities frequently occur in varying degrees. Strong geomagnetic activities, which have been widely investigated, occur occasionally; they can cause distinguishable and significant disturbances in the ionosphere. Weaker geomagnetic activities frequently appear, whereas their effects are generally difficult to be distinguished from complex ionospheric variations. Weaker geomagnetic activities play important roles in ionospheric day-to-day variability thus should deserve further attention. In this study, long-term (longer than one solar cycle) measurements of the F2-layer critical
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40

Simões, Fernando, Jeffrey Klenzing, Stoyan Ivanov, et al. "Detection of ionospheric Alfvén resonator signatures in the equatorial ionosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 117, A11 (2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012ja017709.

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41

Rastogi, R. G. "Morphological aspects of a new type of counter electrojet event." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 2 (1999): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0210-6.

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Abstract. The study describes the time and space morphologies of a rather new type of counter electrojet event on the basis of data from the excellent chain of magnetic and ionospheric observatories along the Indo-Russian longitude sector. Abnormally large westward currents are observed during almost the whole of the daytime hours on a series of days. These events do not form any vortices in the current system and do not apparently seem to be associated with tidal effects or any solar magnetosphere events or geomagnetic disturbances. The existence of a westward electric field over the equatori
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42

Dashora, N., and R. Pandey. "Observations in equatorial anomaly region of total electron content enhancements and depletions." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 7 (2005): 2449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2449-2005.

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Abstract. A GSV 4004A GPS receiver has been operational near the crest of the equatorial anomaly at Udaipur, India for some time now. The receiver provides the line-of-sight total electron content (TEC), the phase and amplitude scintillation index, σφ and S4, respectively. This paper presents the first results on the nighttime TEC depletions associated with the equatorial spread F in the Indian zone. The TEC depletions are found to be very well correlated with the increased S4 index. A new feature of low-latitude TEC is also reported, concerning the observation of isolated and localized TEC en
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43

Chakrabarty, D., R. Sekar, H. Chandra, R. Narayanan, B. M. Pathan, and K. S. V. Subbarao. "Characterizations of the diurnal shapes of OI 630.0 nm dayglow intensity variations: inferences." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 11 (2002): 1851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1851-2002.

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Abstract. Measurements of OI 630.0 nm thermospheric dayglow emission by means of the Dayglow Photometer (DGP) at Mt. Abu (24.6° N, 73.7° E, dip lat 19.09° N), a station under the crest of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA), reveal day-to-day changes in the shapes of the diurnal profiles of dayglow intensity variations. These shapes have been characterized using the magnetometer data from equatorial and low-latitude stations. Substantial changes have been noticed in the shapes of the dayglow intensity variations between 10:00–15:00 IST (Indian Standard Time) during the days when normal and cou
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44

Suvorova, Alla, and Alexei Dmitriev. "The impact of intense fluxes of energetic protons on the low-latitude ionosphere." E3S Web of Conferences 196 (2020): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019601011.

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Experiments on board low-Earth orbit satellites show that energetic particles (tens of keV) of the Earth’s radiation belt can penetrate to the equatorial ionosphere. Impact of the energetic particles on the upper atmosphere and ionosphere was studied for the case of the geomagnetic storm on 22 July 2009. We present changes of local ion concentration in the low-latitude ionosphere at night measured by the C/NOFS satellite at heights 400-800 km during the magnetic storm and quiet days. The ionospheric density during the storm was compared with a simultaneous observation of enhancements of 30-80
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45

Zhivetiev, Ilya V., and Yury V. Yasyukevich. "Network Theory to Reveal Ionospheric Anomalies over North America and Australia." Atmosphere 13, no. 8 (2022): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081333.

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There are significant challenges to model the ionosphere due to different anomalies, especially under the increasing requirements for precision level. We used network theory to construct an ionospheric network analysis based on the data of global ionospheric maps for the period from 1998 to 2015. The network approach revealed different domains in the ionosphere. Besides the well-known equatorial anomaly, we revealed two more essential areas with “anomalous” behavior in the total electron content (TEC). Both anomalies are located at mid-latitudes: the first over most of North America, and the s
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46

Aol, Sharon, Stephan Buchert, Edward Jurua, and Marco Milla. "Simultaneous ground-based and in situ Swarm observations of equatorial F-region irregularities over Jicamarca." Annales Geophysicae 38, no. 5 (2020): 1063–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1063-2020.

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Abstract. Ionospheric irregularities are a common phenomenon in the low-latitude ionosphere. They can be seen in situ as depletions of plasma density, radar plasma plumes, or ionogram spread F by ionosondes. In this paper, we compared simultaneous observations of plasma plumes by the Jicamarca Unattended Long-term Investigations of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere (JULIA) radar, ionogram spread F generated from ionosonde observations installed at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO), and irregularities observed in situ by Swarm in order to determine whether Swarm in situ observations can be used
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47

Camargo, Paulo de Oliveira. "Quality of TEC Estimated with Mod_Ion Using GPS and GLONASS Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/794578.

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One of the largest sources of error in positioning and navigation with GNSS is the ionosphere, and the associated error is directly proportional to the TEC and inversely proportional to the square of the signal frequency that propagates through the ionosphere. The equatorial region, especially in Brazil, is where the highest spatial and temporal value variations of the TEC are seen, and where these various features of the ionosphere, such as the equatorial anomaly and scintillation, can be found. Thus, the development and assessments of ionospheric models are important. In this paper, the qual
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48

Chernigovskaya, Marina, Boris Shpynev, Denis Khabituev, et al. "Studying the response of the mid-latitude ionosphere of the Northern Hemisphere to magnetic storms in March 2012." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 8, no. 4 (2022): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-84202204.

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We have studied variations in ionospheric and geomagnetic parameters in the Northern Hemisphere during a series of magnetic storms in March 2012 by analyzing data from the Eurasian mid-latitude ionosonde chain, mid- and high-latitude chains of magnetometers of the global network INTERMAGNET. We have confirmed manifestations of the longitude inhomogeneity of ionospheric effects, which is associated with the irregular structure of the longitudinal variability of geomagnetic field components. The complex physics of the long magnetically disturbed period in March 2012 with switching between positi
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Chernigovskaya, Marina, Boris Shpynev, Denis Khabituev, et al. "Studying the response of the mid-latitude ionosphere of the Northern Hemisphere to magnetic storms in March 2012." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8, no. 4 (2022): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-84202204.

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We have studied variations in ionospheric and geomagnetic parameters in the Northern Hemisphere during a series of magnetic storms in March 2012 by analyzing data from the Eurasian mid-latitude ionosonde chain, mid- and high-latitude chains of magnetometers of the global network INTERMAGNET. We have confirmed manifestations of the longitude inhomogeneity of ionospheric effects, which is associated with the irregular structure of the longitudinal variability of geomagnetic field components. The complex physics of the long magnetically disturbed period in March 2012 with switching between positi
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50

Huang, Z., and H. Yuan. "Climatology of the ionospheric slab thickness along the longitude of 120° E in China and its adjacent region during the solar minimum years of 2007–2009." Annales Geophysicae 33, no. 10 (2015): 1311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1311-2015.

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Abstract. The ionospheric slab thickness is defined as the ratio of the total electron content (TEC) to the ionospheric F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2). In this study, the slab thickness is determined by measuring the ionospheric TEC from dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data and the NmF2 from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC). A statistical analysis of the diurnal, seasonal and spatial variation in the ionospheric slab thickness is presented along the longitude of 120° E in China and its adjacent region during the recent so
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