Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Equatorial Indian Ocean

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Equatorial Indian Ocean”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Equatorial Indian Ocean"

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Lee Drbohlav, Hae-Kyung, i V. Krishnamurthy. "Spatial Structure, Forecast Errors, and Predictability of the South Asian Monsoon in CFS Monthly Retrospective Forecasts". Journal of Climate 23, nr 18 (15.09.2010): 4750–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli2356.1.

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Abstract The spatial structure of the boreal summer South Asian monsoon in the ensemble mean of monthly retrospective forecasts by the Climate Forecast System of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is examined. The forecast errors and predictability of the model are assessed. Systematic errors in the forecasts consist of deficient rainfall over India, excess rainfall over the Arabian Sea, and a dipole structure over the equatorial Indian Ocean. On interannual time scale during 1981–2003, two different characteristics of the monsoon are recognized—both in observation and forecasts. One feature seems to indicate that the monsoon is regionally controlled, while the other shows a strong relation with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The spatial structure of the regional monsoon can be characterized by the dominant rainfall between the latitudes of 15°N and 5°S in the western Indian Ocean. The maximum precipitation anomalies in the northern Arabian Sea are associated with the cyclonic circulation, while the precipitation anomalies in the equatorial western Indian Ocean accompany the easterlies over the equatorial Indian Ocean. In the ENSO-related monsoon, strong positive precipitation anomalies prevail from the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, inducing westerlies over the equatorial Indian Ocean. The spatial structure of the forecast error shows that the model is inclined to predict the ENSO-related feature more accurately than the regional feature. The predictability is found to be lower over certain areas in the northern and equatorial eastern Indian Ocean. The predictability errors in the northern Indian Ocean diminish for longer forecast leads, presumably because the impact of different initial conditions dissipates with time. On the other hand, predictability errors over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean grow as the forecast lead increases.
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JOSEPH, P. V. "Monsoon variability in relation to equatorial trough activity over Indian and West Pacific Oceans". MAUSAM 41, nr 2 (22.02.2022): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v41i2.2560.

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Variability of Indian monsoon rainfall has been examined in relation to the convective activity of the equatorial trough over the Indian Ocean a~d the Pacific Qcean west of the International Date Line. It is found that the cyclogenesis (tropical cyclones) near the West Pacific equatorial trough is closely related to this variability through a see-saw in. convection between this ocean basin and north Indian Ocean, with period in the range 30-50 days. SST anomalies over north Indian Ocean and West Pacific Ocean can cause variability of the date of onset of monsoon and also the quantum of monsoon rainfall over India through the 30-50 day mode.
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Zhou, Zhen-Qiang, Renhe Zhang i Shang-Ping Xie. "Interannual Variability of Summer Surface Air Temperature over Central India: Implications for Monsoon Onset". Journal of Climate 32, nr 6 (18.02.2019): 1693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0675.1.

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Abstract Year-to-year variability of surface air temperature (SAT) over central India is most pronounced in June. Climatologically over central India, SAT peaks in May, and the transition from the hot premonsoon to the cooler monsoon period takes place around 9 June, associated with the northeastward propagation of intraseasonal convective anomalies from the western equatorial Indian Ocean. Positive (negative) SAT anomalies during June correspond to a delayed (early) Indian summer monsoon onset and tend to occur during post–El Niño summers. On the interannual time scale, positive SAT anomalies of June over central India are associated with positive SST anomalies over both the equatorial eastern–central Pacific and Indian Oceans, representing El Niño effects in developing and decay years, respectively. Although El Niño peaks in winter, the correlations between winter El Niño and Indian SAT peak in the subsequent June, representing a post–El Niño summer capacitor effect associated with positive SST anomalies over the north Indian Ocean. These results have important implications for the prediction of Indian summer climate including both SAT and summer monsoon onset over central India.
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Ogata, Tomomichi, i Shang-Ping Xie. "Semiannual Cycle in Zonal Wind over the Equatorial Indian Ocean". Journal of Climate 24, nr 24 (15.12.2011): 6471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4243.1.

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Abstract The semiannual cycle in zonal wind over the equatorial Indian Ocean is investigated by use of ocean–atmospheric reanalyses, and linear ocean–atmospheric models. In observations, the semiannual cycle in zonal wind is dominant on the equator and confined in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Results from a momentum budget analysis show that momentum advection generated by the cross-equatorial monsoon circulation is important for the semiannual zonal-wind cycle in the equatorial Indian Ocean. In experiments with a linearized primitive model of the atmosphere, semiannual momentum forcing due to the meridional advection over the central equatorial Indian Ocean is important to simulate the observed maxima of the semiannual cycle in equatorial zonal wind. Off Somalia, diabatic heating and surface friction over land weaken the semiannual response to large momentum forcing there. Results from a linear ocean model suggest that the semiannual zonal wind stress over the central equatorial Indian Ocean generates large semiannual variability in zonal current through a basin-mode resonance.
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Rao, Suryachandra A., Sebastien Masson, Jing-Jia Luo, Swadhin K. Behera i Toshio Yamagata. "Termination of Indian Ocean Dipole Events in a Coupled General Circulation Model". Journal of Climate 20, nr 13 (1.07.2007): 3018–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4164.1.

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Abstract Using 200 yr of coupled general circulation model (CGCM) results, causes for the termination of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events are investigated. The CGCM used here is the Scale Interaction Experiment-Frontier Research Center for Global Change (SINTEX-F1) model, which consists of a version of the European Community–Hamburg (ECHAM4.6) atmospheric model and a version of the Ocean Parallelise (OPA8.2) ocean general circulation model. This model reproduces reasonably well the present-day climatology and interannual signals of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The main characteristics of the intraseasonal disturbances (ISDs)/oscillations are also fairly well captured by this model. However, the eastward propagation of ISDs in the model is relatively fast in the Indian Ocean and stationary in the Pacific compared to observations. A sudden reversal of equatorial zonal winds is observed, as a result of significant intraseasonal disturbances in the equatorial Indian Ocean in November–December of IOD events, which evolve independently of ENSO. A majority of these IOD events (15 out of 18) are terminated mainly because of the 20–40-day ISD activity in the equatorial zonal winds. Ocean heat budget analysis in the upper 50 m clearly shows that the initial warming after the peak of the IOD phenomenon is triggered by increased solar radiation owing to clear-sky conditions in the eastern Indian Ocean. Subsequently, the equatorial jets excited by the ISD deepen the thermocline in the southeastern equatorial Indian Ocean. This deepening of the thermocline inhibits the vertical entrainment of cool waters and therefore the IOD is terminated. IOD events that co-occur with ENSO are terminated owing to anomalous incoming solar radiation as a result of prevailing cloud-free skies. Further warming occurs seasonally through the vertical convergence of heat due to a monsoonal wind reversal along Sumatra–Java. On occasion, strong ISD activities in July–August terminated short-lived IOD events by triggering downwelling intraseasonal equatorial Kelvin waves.
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Brown, J., C. A. Clayson, L. Kantha i T. Rojsiraphisal. "North Indian Ocean variability during the Indian Ocean dipole". Ocean Science Discussions 5, nr 2 (9.06.2008): 213–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-5-213-2008.

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Abstract. The circulation in the North Indian Ocean (NIO henceforth) is highly seasonally variable. Periodically reversing monsoon winds (southwesterly during summer and northeasterly during winter) give rise to seasonally reversing current systems off the coast of Somalia and India. In addition to this annual monsoon cycle, the NIO circulation varies semiannually because of equatorial currents reversing four times each year. These descriptions are typical, but how does the NIO circulation behave during anomalous years, during an Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) for instance? Unfortunately, in situ observational data are rather sparse and reliance has to be placed on numerical models to understand this variability. In this paper, we estimate the surface current variability from a 12-year hindcast of the NIO for 1993–2004 using a 1/2° resolution circulation model that assimilates both altimetric sea surface height anomalies and sea surface temperature. Presented in this paper is an examination of surface currents in the NIO basin during the IOD. During the non-IOD period of 2000–2004, the typical equatorial circulation of the NIO reverses four times each year and transports water across the basin preventing a large sea surface temperature difference between the western and eastern NIO. Conversely, IOD years are noted for strong easterly and westerly wind outbursts along the equator. The impact of these outbursts on the NIO circulation is to reverse the direction of the currents – when compared to non-IOD years – during the summer for negative IOD events (1996 and 1998) and during the fall for positive IOD events (1994 and 1997). This reversal of current direction leads to large temperature differences between the western and eastern NIO.
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Ihara, Chie, Yochanan Kushnir, Mark A. Cane i Victor H. de la Peña. "Climate Change over the Equatorial Indo-Pacific in Global Warming*". Journal of Climate 22, nr 10 (15.05.2009): 2678–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2581.1.

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Abstract The response of the equatorial Indian Ocean climate to global warming is investigated using model outputs submitted to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. In all of the analyzed climate models, the SSTs in the western equatorial Indian Ocean warm more than the SSTs in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean under global warming; the mean SST gradient across the equatorial Indian Ocean is anomalously positive to the west in a warmer twenty-first-century climate compared to the twentieth-century climate, and it is dynamically consistent with the anomalous westward zonal wind stress and anomalous positive zonal sea level pressure (SLP) gradient to the east at the equator. This change in the zonal SST gradient in the equatorial Indian Ocean is detected even in the lowest-emission scenario, and the size of the change is not necessarily larger in the higher-emission scenario. With respect to the change over the equatorial Pacific in climate projections, the subsurface central Pacific displays the strongest cooling or weakest warming around the thermocline depth compared to that above and below in all of the climate models, whereas changes in the zonal SST gradient and zonal wind stress around the equator are model dependent and not straightforward.
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Yuan, Dongliang, Jing Wang, Tengfei Xu, Peng Xu, Zhou Hui, Xia Zhao, Yihua Luan, Weipeng Zheng i Yongqiang Yu. "Forcing of the Indian Ocean Dipole on the Interannual Variations of the Tropical Pacific Ocean: Roles of the Indonesian Throughflow". Journal of Climate 24, nr 14 (15.07.2011): 3593–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3649.1.

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Abstract Controlled numerical experiments using ocean-only and ocean–atmosphere coupled general circulation models show that interannual sea level depression in the eastern Indian Ocean during the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events forces enhanced Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) to transport warm water from the upper-equatorial Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. The enhanced transport produces elevation of the thermocline and cold subsurface temperature anomalies in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, which propagate to the eastern equatorial Pacific to induce significant coupled evolution of the tropical Pacific oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Analyses suggest that the IOD-forced ITF transport anomalies are about the same amplitudes as those induced by the Pacific ENSO. Results of the coupled model experiments suggest that the anomalies induced by the IOD persist in the equatorial Pacific until the year following the IOD event, suggesting the importance of the oceanic channel in modulating the interannual climate variations of the tropical Pacific Ocean at the time lag beyond one year.
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Hastenrath, Stefan, i Dierk Polzin. "Circulation mechanisms of climate anomalies in the equatorial Indian Ocean". Meteorologische Zeitschrift 12, nr 2 (25.04.2003): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2003/0012-0081.

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Kido, Shoichiro, i Tomoki Tozuka. "Salinity Variability Associated with the Positive Indian Ocean Dipole and Its Impact on the Upper Ocean Temperature". Journal of Climate 30, nr 19 (1.09.2017): 7885–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0133.1.

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Abstract Both surface and subsurface salinity variability associated with positive Indian Ocean dipole (pIOD) events and its impacts on the sea surface temperature (SST) evolution are investigated through analysis of observational/reanalysis data and sensitivity experiments with a one-dimensional mixed layer model. During the pIOD, negative (positive) sea surface salinity (SSS) anomalies appear in the central-eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (southeastern tropical Indian Ocean). In addition to these SSS anomalies, positive (negative) salinity anomalies are found near the pycnocline in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (southern tropical Indian Ocean). A salinity balance analysis shows that these subsurface salinity anomalies are mainly generated by zonal and vertical salt advection anomalies induced by anomalous currents associated with the pIOD. These salinity anomalies stabilize (destabilize) the upper ocean stratification in the central-eastern equatorial (southeastern tropical) Indian Ocean. By decomposing observed densities into contribution from temperature and salinity anomalies, it is shown that the contribution from anomalous salinity stratification is comparable to that from anomalous thermal stratification. Furthermore, impacts of these salinity anomalies on the SST evolution are quantified for the first time using a one-dimensional mixed layer model. Since enhanced salinity stratification in the central-eastern equatorial Indian Ocean suppresses vertical mixing, significant warming of about 0.3°–0.5°C occurs. On the other hand, stronger vertical mixing associated with reduced salinity stratification results in significant SST cooling of about 0.2°–0.5°C in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean. These results suggest that variations in salinity may potentially play a crucial role in the evolution of the pIOD.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Equatorial Indian Ocean"

1

Senan, Retish. "Intraseasonal Variability Of The Equatorial Indian Ocean Circulation". Thesis, Indian Institute Of Science, 2004. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/297.

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Climatological winds over the equatorial Indian Ocean (EqlO) are westerly most of the year. Twice a year, in April-May ("spring") and October-December ("fall"), strong, sustained westerly winds generate eastward equatorial jets in the ocean. There are several unresolved issues related to the equatorial jets. They accelerate rapidly to speeds over lms"1 when westerly wind stress increases to about 0.7 dyne cm"2 in spring and fall, but decelerate while the wind stress continues to be westerly; each jet is followed by westward flow in the upper ocean lasting a month or longer. In addition to the semi-annual cycle, the equatorial winds and currents have strong in-traseasonal fluctuations. Observations show strong 30-60 day variability of zonal flow, and suggest that there might be variability with periods shorter than 20 days in the central EqlO. Observations from moored current meter arrays along 80.5°E south of Sri Lanka showed a distinct 15 day oscillation of equatorial meridional velocity (v) and off-equatorial zonal velocity (u). Recent observations from current meter moorings at the equator in the eastern EqlO show continuous 10-20 day, or biweekly, oscillations of v. The main motivation for the present study is to understand the dynamics of intraseasonal variability in the Indian Ocean that has been documented in the observational literature. What physical processes are responsible for the peculiar behavior of the equatorial jets? What are the relative roles of wind stress and large scale ocean dynamics? Does intraseasonal variability of wind stress force intraseasonal jets? What is the structure and origin of the biweekly variability? The intraseasonal and longer timescale variability of the equatorial Indian Ocean circulation is studied using an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and recent in Abstract ii situ observations. The OGCM simulations are validated against other available observations. In this thesis, we document the space-time structure of the variability of equatorial Indian Ocean circulation, and attempt to find answers to some of the questions raised above. The main results are based on OGCM simulations forced by high frequency reanalysis and satellite scatterometer (QuikSCAT) winds. Several model experiments with idealized winds are used to interpret the results of the simulations. In addition to the OGCM simulations, the origin of observed intraseasonal anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern EqlO and Bay of Bengal, and related air-sea interaction, are investigated using validated satellite data. The main findings of the thesis can be summarized as: • High frequency accurate winds are required for accurate simulation of equatorial Indian Ocean currents, which have strong variability on intraseasonal to interannual time scales. • The variability in the equatorial waveguide is mainly driven by variability of the winds; there is some intraseasonal variability near the western boundary and in the equatorial waveguide due to dynamic instability of seasonal "mean" flows. • The fall equatorial jet is generally stronger and longer lived than the spring jet; the fall jet is modulated on intraseasonal time scales. Westerly wind bursts can drive strong intraseasonal equatorial jets in the eastern EqlO during the summer monsoon. • Eastward equatorial jets create a westward zonal pressure gradient force by raising sea level, and deepening the thermocline, in the east relative to the west. The zonal pressure force relaxes via Rossby wave radiation from the eastern boundary. • The zonal pressure force exerts strong control on the evolution of zonal flow; the decel eration of the eastward jets, and the subsequent westward flow in the upper ocean in the presence of westerly wind stress, is due to the zonal pressure force. • Neither westward currents in the upper ocean nor subsurface eastward flow (the ob served spring and summer "undercurrent") requires easterly winds; they can be gener ated by equatorial adjustment due to Kelvin (Rossby) waves generated at the western (eastern) boundary. • The biweekly variability in the EqlO is associated with forced mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG) waves generated by intraseasonal variability of winds. The biweekly MRG wave in has westward and upward phase propagation, zonal wavelength of 3000-4500 km and phase speed of 4 m s"1; it is associated with deep off equatorial upwelling/downwelling. Intraseasonal SST anomalies are forced mainly by net heat flux anomalies in the central and eastern EqlO; the large northward propagating SST anomalies in summer in the Bay of Bengal are due to net heat flux anomalies associated with the monsoon active-break cycle. Coherent variability in the atmosphere and ocean suggests air-sea interaction.
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Senan, Retish. "Intraseasonal Variability Of The Equatorial Indian Ocean Circulation". Thesis, Indian Institute Of Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/297.

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Climatological winds over the equatorial Indian Ocean (EqlO) are westerly most of the year. Twice a year, in April-May ("spring") and October-December ("fall"), strong, sustained westerly winds generate eastward equatorial jets in the ocean. There are several unresolved issues related to the equatorial jets. They accelerate rapidly to speeds over lms"1 when westerly wind stress increases to about 0.7 dyne cm"2 in spring and fall, but decelerate while the wind stress continues to be westerly; each jet is followed by westward flow in the upper ocean lasting a month or longer. In addition to the semi-annual cycle, the equatorial winds and currents have strong in-traseasonal fluctuations. Observations show strong 30-60 day variability of zonal flow, and suggest that there might be variability with periods shorter than 20 days in the central EqlO. Observations from moored current meter arrays along 80.5°E south of Sri Lanka showed a distinct 15 day oscillation of equatorial meridional velocity (v) and off-equatorial zonal velocity (u). Recent observations from current meter moorings at the equator in the eastern EqlO show continuous 10-20 day, or biweekly, oscillations of v. The main motivation for the present study is to understand the dynamics of intraseasonal variability in the Indian Ocean that has been documented in the observational literature. What physical processes are responsible for the peculiar behavior of the equatorial jets? What are the relative roles of wind stress and large scale ocean dynamics? Does intraseasonal variability of wind stress force intraseasonal jets? What is the structure and origin of the biweekly variability? The intraseasonal and longer timescale variability of the equatorial Indian Ocean circulation is studied using an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and recent in Abstract ii situ observations. The OGCM simulations are validated against other available observations. In this thesis, we document the space-time structure of the variability of equatorial Indian Ocean circulation, and attempt to find answers to some of the questions raised above. The main results are based on OGCM simulations forced by high frequency reanalysis and satellite scatterometer (QuikSCAT) winds. Several model experiments with idealized winds are used to interpret the results of the simulations. In addition to the OGCM simulations, the origin of observed intraseasonal anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern EqlO and Bay of Bengal, and related air-sea interaction, are investigated using validated satellite data. The main findings of the thesis can be summarized as: • High frequency accurate winds are required for accurate simulation of equatorial Indian Ocean currents, which have strong variability on intraseasonal to interannual time scales. • The variability in the equatorial waveguide is mainly driven by variability of the winds; there is some intraseasonal variability near the western boundary and in the equatorial waveguide due to dynamic instability of seasonal "mean" flows. • The fall equatorial jet is generally stronger and longer lived than the spring jet; the fall jet is modulated on intraseasonal time scales. Westerly wind bursts can drive strong intraseasonal equatorial jets in the eastern EqlO during the summer monsoon. • Eastward equatorial jets create a westward zonal pressure gradient force by raising sea level, and deepening the thermocline, in the east relative to the west. The zonal pressure force relaxes via Rossby wave radiation from the eastern boundary. • The zonal pressure force exerts strong control on the evolution of zonal flow; the decel eration of the eastward jets, and the subsequent westward flow in the upper ocean in the presence of westerly wind stress, is due to the zonal pressure force. • Neither westward currents in the upper ocean nor subsurface eastward flow (the ob served spring and summer "undercurrent") requires easterly winds; they can be gener ated by equatorial adjustment due to Kelvin (Rossby) waves generated at the western (eastern) boundary. • The biweekly variability in the EqlO is associated with forced mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG) waves generated by intraseasonal variability of winds. The biweekly MRG wave in has westward and upward phase propagation, zonal wavelength of 3000-4500 km and phase speed of 4 m s"1; it is associated with deep off equatorial upwelling/downwelling. Intraseasonal SST anomalies are forced mainly by net heat flux anomalies in the central and eastern EqlO; the large northward propagating SST anomalies in summer in the Bay of Bengal are due to net heat flux anomalies associated with the monsoon active-break cycle. Coherent variability in the atmosphere and ocean suggests air-sea interaction.
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Johnson, Gregory Conrad. "Near-equatorial deep circulation in the Indian and Pacific Oceans /". Thesis, Woods Hole, Mass. : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/2637.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990.
Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research and a Secretary of the Navy Graduate Fellowship in Oceanography. References : p. 117-121.
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Chandana, K. R., Ravi Bhushan i A. J. T. Jull. "Evidence of Poor Bottom Water Ventilation during LGM in the Equatorial Indian Ocean". FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626606.

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Multi-proxy approach for the reconstruction of paleo-redox conditions is attempted on a radiocarbon (C-14) dated sediment core near the equatorial Indian Ocean. Based on the behavior and distribution of redox sensitive and productivity proxies, study demonstrates prevalence of anoxic bottom water conditions during LGM due to poorly ventilated bottom waters augmented by high surface productivity resulting in better preservation of organic carbon (OC). During early Holocene, the equatorial Indian Ocean witnessed high sedimentation rates resulting in high organic carbon (OC) with depleted redox sensitive elements thereby causing better preservation of OC. The study underscores poor bottom water ventilation during LGM and preservation of OC as a result of high sedimentation rate in early Holocene.
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Swallow, Jane E. "Plio-Pleistocene paleoceanography of the Equatorial Indian Ocean : (quantitative and geochemical analyses of planktonic foraminifera from ODP Hole 709C". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306138.

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Ma, Ruifang. "Millennial-scale variations of the intermediate water circulation in the Indian Ocean since the last glacial period inferred from assemblages and geochemistry of benthic foraminifera". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS159.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse était de reconstituer l'évolution de la circulation intermédiaire depuis la dernière période glaciaire à partir de carottes de sédiments marins prélevées dans le golfe du Bengale GB, la Mer d’Arabie MA et l’océan Indien équatorial oriental OIEO. La stratégie scientifique mise en œuvre inclut l’étude des assemblages et de la géochimie des foraminifères benthiques, afin de reconstruire les changements de source et de ventilation des masses d’eau. Les résultats obtenus dans le GB ont permis de restituer les changements hydrologiques à profondeur intermédiaire à haute résolution temporelle au cours des derniers 40 ka. Les enregistrements témoignent de changements dans la source des masses d’eau, entre l’Océan austral avec les eaux antarctiques intermédiaires AAIW et les eaux Nord Atlantique NADW, à l’échelle glaciaire-interglaciaire mais aussi lors des événements millénaires. Ce travail a aussi permis de fournir les premiers enregistrements à haute résolution temporelle des rapports élémentaires des foraminifères benthiques (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, U/Ca et Li/Ca) dans le GB et en MA. Ces résultats permettent notamment de mieux contraindre la pénétration des AAIW vers le nord depuis la dernière période glaciaire. La reconstruction de la concentration en ion carbonate permet également de discuter des relations entre les variations de la circulation intermédiaire et les changements profonds du cycle du Carbone à l’échelle globale, notamment via les échanges se produisant dans l’Océan Austral. Nous avons également fourni dans ce travail les premiers enregistrements de Cd/Ca et de Ba/Ca continus et à haute résolution dans le nord de l’océan Indien, pour reconstituer les modifications passées de la teneur en éléments nutritifs. Les enregistrements géochimiques dans l’OIEO témoignent de profonds changements des propriétés des masses d'eau intermédiaires, associées aux changements de circulation
The main objective of this study was to reconstruct the evolution of the intermediate water circulation since the last glacial period by the investigation of marine cores collected from the Bay of Bengal (BoB), Arabian Sea (AS) and Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO). The scientific strategy involves benthic foraminiferal assemblages and geochemical proxies to better constrain past changes in the source and ventilation of water masses. Records from the BoB allowed reconstructing hydrological changes at intermediate depth over the last 40 cal kyr. The records highlight changes in the source of water masses, with a balance between the contribution of southern Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) versus North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) at glacial-interglacial timescale as well as during millennial events. This work also provided the first high-resolution benthic foraminifera elemental ratio records (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, U/Ca and Li/Ca) from the BoB and the AS. These records especially help to better constrain the northward penetration of AAIW over the last glacial period. The reconstruction of the carbonate ion concentration allowed to discuss the relationships between the intermediate water circulation and deep changes in the global Carbon cycle, with a special interest for the Southern Ocean. This work also provides the first continuous and high-resolution benthic Cd/Ca and Ba/Ca records in the northern Indian Ocean, could reconstruct past changes in the nutrient content. Geochemical records from the EEIO exhibit strong changes in the chemical properties of the intermediate water masses, related to global circulation changes in the area
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AZZILEY, AZZIBROUCK GEORGES. "Sedimentologie et geochimie du francevillien b (proterozoique inferieur). Metallogenie des gisements de manganese de moanda, gabon". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13041.

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Francis, P. A. "Extremes of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation". Thesis, 2006. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4979.

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Our studies suggest that the equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation, which is the atmospheric component of Indian Ocean Dipole, is as important as El Nino and Southern Oscillation for the interannual variation of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall. Characteristic features of equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation are suppression (enhancement) of convection over the eastern (western) equatorial Indian Ocean and easterly (westerly) anomalies of the zonal component of the surface wind over the equatorial region. We find that there is a strong, statistically significant, relationship between large deficits/excess in Indian summer monsoon rainfall and a composite index based on indices of El Nino and Southern Oscillation and equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation. We studied the impact of externally introduced atmospheric heating due to the enhanced convection over the western equatorial Indian Ocean, associated with positive equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation, on the simulation of Indian summer monsoon by an atmospheric general circulation model. We find that convection over the western equatorial Indian Ocean played a critical role in above normal Indian summer monsoon activity in 1994. We have also studied the triggering and evolution of the positive Indian Ocean dipole events. We suggest that severe cyclones over the Bay of Bengal during April-May, trigger these positive Indian Ocean dipole events. We show that all the positive Indian Ocean dipole events during 1958-2003 are preceded by at least one severe cyclone over the Bay of Bengal during April/May. We show that the severe cyclones over the Bay of Bengal can strengthen upwelling favorable southeasterlies along the Sumatra coast by enhancing pressure gradient across the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and can suppress convection over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. Suppression of convection over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean leads to enhancement of convection over the western equatorial Indian Ocean and hence weakening of westerlies along the central equatorial Indian Ocean. This enhances the convergence over western equatorial Indian Ocean and further strengthening of convection over the western equatorial Indian Ocean. This positive feedback between convection and circulation strengthens the anomalous easterlies over the central equatorial Indian Ocean, until the wind becomes easterlies. These surface easterlies trigger eastward propagating, upwelling favorable Kelvin waves in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Together with the coastal upwelling due to anomalous southeasterlies along the Sumatra coast, these Kelvin waves lead to anomalous cooling in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and trigger positive Indian Ocean dipole events.
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Yu, Hung-Jui, i 尤虹叡. "Quasi-2-day Convective Disturbances in the Equatorial Indian Ocean: DYNAMO Observation". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63r9xf.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
大氣科學研究所
106
This study examines the westward-propagating convective disturbances with quasi-2-day intervals of occurrence identified over Gan Island in the central Indian Ocean from mid to late October 2011 during the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign. Atmospheric sounding, satellite, and radar data are used to develop a composite of seven such disturbances. Composites and spectral analyses reveal that: (1) the quasi-2-day convective events comprise westward-propagating diurnal convective disturbances with phase speeds of 10–12 m/s whose amplitudes are modulated on a quasi-2-day time scale on a zonal scale of ~1000 km near the longitudes of Gan; (2) the cloud life cycle of quasi-2-day convective disturbances shows a distinct pattern of tropical cloud population evolution—from shallow-to-deep-to-stratiform convection; (3) the time scales of mesoscale convective system development and boundary layer modulation play essential roles in determining the periodicity of the quasi-2-day convective events; and (4) in some of the quasi-2-day events there is evidence of counter-propagating (westward and eastward) cloud systems along the lines proposed by Yamada et al. Based on these findings, an interpretation is proposed for the mechanisms for the quasi-2-day disturbances observed during DYNAMO that combines concepts from prior studies of this phenomenon over the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean.
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Lopez, Karem. "Nature and Evolution of Deep Water Carbonate Drifts in the past 3 Million years, Inner Sea of the Maldives Archipelago, Equatorial Indian Ocean". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/71669.

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The Maldives atolls, the very top of one of the largest modern carbonate platforms, occupy the central and largest part of the Chagos-Laccadives ridge located in the equatorial Indian Ocean. In the central part of the archipelago, the large atolls form two parallel north-south relatively continuous chains surrounding an internal basin, the Inner Sea, with water depths not exceeding 550 m. The Maldives carbonate system, uniquely evolved through a combination of global sea level fluctuations, subsiding history, and more regional seasonally varying monsoon circulation. Although the long-term evolution of this system is relatively well-established, the understanding of the detailed evolution of the Maldives carbonate edifice in the last 5 million years has remained limited. The latest phase of its stratigraphic evolution is explained by a shift from a well-developed Miocene-Pliocene progradational pattern to a mostly late Pliocene-Quaternary aggradational depositional signature. This last aggradation phase, forming the atolls the way we know them today, consists of stacked inner neritic limestone sequences, separated by a series of exposure horizons. The succesive periods of atoll exposure and re-flooding are recorded in the Inner Sea by late Pliocene-Quaternary glacial/interglacial clearly cyclic deposition of periplatform oozes. This cyclic sedimentary pattern also appears in the internal prograding geometry of carbonate drifts in the Inner Sea. A200 m-thick deep carbonate sediment drift was first observed on a Shell E-W seismic line north of Gaafaru Falhu atoll in the NE corner of the Maldives Inner Sea, in a range of water depths from ~300 to 500 m. During the NEOMA 2007 research cruise on the RV Meteor lead by Universität Hamburg, the deep water sandy drift in the area north of Gaafaru Falhu atoll and an adjacent deeper muddy drift was extensively surveyed via 12 kHz multibeam bathymetry, a 4 kHz sub bottom profiler (Atlas Hydrographics), multi channel high resolution seismics, and three box and piston cores. My study focuses on understanding the Plio-Quaternary overall evolution of the set of adjacent sandy and muddy drifts, just north of Gaafaru Falhu Atoll. The sandy and muddy drift interconnected internal geometries observed in the available seismic data sets are integrated into a sequence stratigraphic framework. Analyses of two piston cores collected from the upper part of the muddy drift and a box core from the top of the sandy drift determine the overall downcore lithology variations and made possible the development of high-resolution chrono and cyclo-stratigraphies. In the muddy drift periplatform sequence, downcore cyclic variations in, (1) sediment coarse fraction, (2) Sr counts as proxy for atoll-derived fine aragonite, (3) planktic foraminifer oxygen stable isotope composition, in addition to carbonate preservation and biostratigraphic markers, were determined. These downcore lithologic and geochemical variations in the muddy drift were tied to the seismic lines imaging the sandy-muddy drifts to resolve the timing of the carbonate sandy drift establishment and its overall evolution. Based on this aforementioned interpretation, the results of my research document the nature and timing of the longer-term evolution of the sandy and muddy drifts over multiple glacial-interglacial sea level cycles in the last 3 million years. Once the timing of the drift was determined, the prograding internal architecture of the sandy drift was examined and interpreted in the context of the relatively well-established Plio-Pleistocene sea level fluctuations and the bottom current variations
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Książki na temat "Equatorial Indian Ocean"

1

Johnson, Gregory Conrad. Near-equatorial deep circulation in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990.

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Johnson, Gregory Conrad. Near-equatorial deep circulation in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990.

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1953-, Droxler André W., i American Association of Petroleum Geologists., red. Seismic expressions and interpretation of carbonate sequences: The Maldives platform, equatorial Indian Ocean. Tulsa, OK: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2004.

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S, Salvekar P., i Indian Institute of Tropical Meteoroloy., red. Westward moving mesoscale gyres in the equatorial Indian Ocean during mid-monsoon season as identified from MSMR winds. Pune: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 2003.

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Swallow, Jane E. Plio-pleistocene palaeoceanography of the Equatorial Indian Ocean: (quantitative and geochemical analyses of planktonic foraminifera from ODP hole 709C). Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1992.

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Happee, T. J. W. Behaviour of trace- and major elements in sediments in an upwelling zone of the Somalia and Oman continental margin and the equatorial Indian Ocean. Texel, The Netherlands: Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1994.

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1955-, Kawahata Hodaka, i Awaya Y, red. Global climate change and response of carbon cycle in the equatorial Pacific and Indian oceans and adjacent landmasses. Boston, MA: Elsevier B. V., 2007.

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Hameed, Saji N. The Indian Ocean Dipole. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.619.

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Discovered at the very end of the 20th century, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a mode of natural climate variability that arises out of coupled ocean–atmosphere interaction in the Indian Ocean. It is associated with some of the largest changes of ocean–atmosphere state over the equatorial Indian Ocean on interannual time scales. IOD variability is prominent during the boreal summer and fall seasons, with its maximum intensity developing at the end of the boreal-fall season. Between the peaks of its negative and positive phases, IOD manifests a markedly zonal see-saw in anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) and rainfall—leading, in its positive phase, to a pronounced cooling of the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, and a moderate warming of the western and central equatorial Indian Ocean; this is accompanied by deficit rainfall over the eastern Indian Ocean and surplus rainfall over the western Indian Ocean. Changes in midtropospheric heating accompanying the rainfall anomalies drive wind anomalies that anomalously lift the thermocline in the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean and anomalously deepen them in the central Indian Ocean. The thermocline anomalies further modulate coastal and open-ocean upwelling, thereby influencing biological productivity and fish catches across the Indian Ocean. The hydrometeorological anomalies that accompany IOD exacerbate forest fires in Indonesia and Australia and bring floods and infectious diseases to equatorial East Africa. The coupled ocean–atmosphere instability that is responsible for generating and sustaining IOD develops on a mean state that is strongly modulated by the seasonal cycle of the Austral-Asian monsoon; this setting gives the IOD its unique character and dynamics, including a strong phase-lock to the seasonal cycle. While IOD operates independently of the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the proximity between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and the existence of oceanic and atmospheric pathways, facilitate mutual interactions between these tropical climate modes.
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Dunlop, Storm. 6. Weather in the tropics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199571314.003.0006.

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‘Weather in the tropics’ considers the weather systems between the two subtropical anticyclones, lying at approximately latitudes 30 °N and S. The trade winds consist of air that flows out of the subtropical anticyclones towards the equatorial trough. They are strongest in the winter season, tending to weaken during the summer. The northern and southern hemisphere trade winds converge at the Intertropical Convergence Zone, whose position is variable. The South Pacific Convergence Zone is closely associated with the changes involved in the Walker Circulation and El Niño events. The convergence zones over the Indian Ocean show major changes in location during the northern summer, and these are related to seasonal monsoons.
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Hastenrath, Stefan. Changes in African Glaciers since the 19th Century. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.543.

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In equatorial East Africa, glaciers still exist on Mount Kenya, Kilimanjaro, and Ruwenzori. The decreasing ice extent has been documented by field reports since the end of the 19th century and a series of mappings. For Mount Kenya, the mappings are of 1947, 1963, 1987, 1993, and 2004, with more detailed mappings of Lewis Glacier in 1934, 1958, 1963, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1990, and 1993. For Kilimanjaro, the sequence is 1912, 1953, 1976, 1989, and 2000. For Ruwenzori (for which information is more scarce), the information is from 1906, 1955, and 1990. Photographs are valuable complementary evidence. At Lewis Glacier on Mount Kenya, measurements of mass budget and ice flow have been conducted over decades. The climatic forcing of ice recession in East Africa at the onset in the 1880s was radiationally controlled, affecting the most exposed locations. Later warming caused further ice shrinkage, except on the summit plateau of Kilimanjaro, above the freezing level. Whereas the ice recession in the Ecuadorian Andes and New Guinea began in the middle of the 19th century, plausibly caused by warming, the late onset in East Africa should be appreciated in the context of large-scale circulation changes evidenced by the historical ship observations in the equatorial Indian Ocean.
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Części książek na temat "Equatorial Indian Ocean"

1

McCreary, Julian P., i Satish R. Shetye. "Equatorial Ocean: Periodic Forcing". W Observations and Dynamics of Circulations in the North Indian Ocean, 385–411. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5864-9_15.

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McCreary, Julian P., i Satish R. Shetye. "Equatorial Waves". W Observations and Dynamics of Circulations in the North Indian Ocean, 231–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5864-9_8.

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McCreary, Julian P., i Satish R. Shetye. "Equatorial Ocean: Switched-On Forcing". W Observations and Dynamics of Circulations in the North Indian Ocean, 361–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5864-9_14.

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Ambrosimov, Albert K., Dmitry I. Frey i Sergey M. Shapovalov. "Tareev Equatorial Undercurrent in the Indian Ocean". W The Ocean in Motion, 495–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71934-4_31.

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McCreary, Julian P., i Satish R. Shetye. "Cross-Equatorial and Subtropical Cells". W Observations and Dynamics of Circulations in the North Indian Ocean, 441–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5864-9_17.

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Beaufort, Luc, Franck Bassinot i Edith Vincent. "Primary Production Response to Orbitally Induced Variations of the Southern Oscillation in the Equatorial Indian Ocean". W Reconstructing Ocean History, 245–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4197-4_15.

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Gooding, Philip. "ENSO, IOD, Drought, and Floods in Equatorial Eastern Africa, 1876–1878". W Droughts, Floods, and Global Climatic Anomalies in the Indian Ocean World, 259–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98198-3_9.

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Yadav, Ramesh Kumar, i Bhupendra Bahadur Singh. "North Equatorial Indian Ocean Convection and Indian Summer Monsoon June Progression: a Case Study of 2013 and 2014". W Geoinformatics and Atmospheric Science, 19–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66092-9_2.

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Fieux, M. "Indian Ocean Equatorial Currents". W Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 1298–308. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0367.

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Fieux, M. "Indian Ocean Equatorial Currents". W Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 226–36. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012374473-9.00367-2.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Equatorial Indian Ocean"

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Yu, Siyao, James D. Wright, Richard Mortlock, Silvia Spezzaferri, Stephanie Stainbank i Dick Kroon. "SOUTHERN OCEAN DRIVEN δ13C MINIMA ACROSS TERMINATION I AND II IN THE EQUATORIAL INDIAN OCEAN". W GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359838.

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Iskandar, I., W. Mardiansyah, D. Setiabudidaya, A. K. Affandi i F. Syamsuddin. "Surface and subsurface oceanic variability observed in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during three consecutive Indian Ocean dipole events: 2006 - 2008". W 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PHYSICS 2013 (ICTAP 2013). AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897101.

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Shkorba, Svetlana, Svetlana Shkorba, Elena Dmitrieva, Elena Dmitrieva, Irina Mashkina, Irina Mashkina, Vladimir Ponomarev i Vladimir Ponomarev. "CLIMATIC ANOMALIES IN FAR EASTERN MARGINAL SEAS, BAIKAL LAKE BASIN AND THEIR LINKAGES". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b939727b3b4.55522289.

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Winter climatic anomalies of various time scales in the Japan, Okhotsk seas and Baikal Lake Basin are revealed and compared with anomalies in the Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans. Time series of ice extent in the Japan and Okhotsk seas, ice thickness and seasonal duration of the ice cover in the Baykal Lake, as well as Hadley SST, surface heat fluxes, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure fields (SLP) and different climatic indices are analyzed. The decadal climate anomalies in the Japan and Okhotsk seas in mid winter, as compared to the Northeast Pacific and South Siberia regions, could have a reversed phase. Alternating cold/warm decadal anomalies in different longitude zones of the North Asian Pacific are accompanied by alternating meridional wind and SLP anomalies at temperate latitudes. Alternating zones of inversed anomalies in temperate latitudes of the Asian Pacific are related to teleconnections with anomalies in both Arctic and Indo-Pacific oceans. Negative SSTA in eastern/central tropical-equatorial Pacific and positive SSTA in El Nino area accompanies rise of northern wind and ice extent in the Okhotsk/Japan Seas in mid-winter. The best predictors of the high cold anomaly in February in the western subarctic Pacific and marginal seas are reduction of the SST and net heat flux from the atmosphere to the ocean in north-eastern and central North Pacific during warm period of a previous year. At the multidecadal time scale the warming/cooling in the Northeast Pacific accompany winter warming/cooling in the Baykal Lake area during all period of observation. At interdecadal time scales the significant link of winter climate oscillations in South Siberia (Baikal Lake Basin) is found with SSTA oscillations in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean and certain areas of the Pacific Ocean. The linkages of anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin, Okhotsk, Japan Seas with regional anomalies in some key areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, related to the atmospheric centers of action are more stable than that with climatic indices. After climate regime shift in late 70s warm decadal anomaly in both Lake Baykal Basin and Indian Ocean in boreal winter accompany high positive anomaly of the Arctic Oscillation. Scenarios of extreme anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin and Subarctic Pacific marginal area are also presented.
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Shkorba, Svetlana, Svetlana Shkorba, Elena Dmitrieva, Elena Dmitrieva, Irina Mashkina, Irina Mashkina, Vladimir Ponomarev i Vladimir Ponomarev. "CLIMATIC ANOMALIES IN FAR EASTERN MARGINAL SEAS, BAIKAL LAKE BASIN AND THEIR LINKAGES". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316b9d9e4.

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Winter climatic anomalies of various time scales in the Japan, Okhotsk seas and Baikal Lake Basin are revealed and compared with anomalies in the Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans. Time series of ice extent in the Japan and Okhotsk seas, ice thickness and seasonal duration of the ice cover in the Baykal Lake, as well as Hadley SST, surface heat fluxes, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure fields (SLP) and different climatic indices are analyzed. The decadal climate anomalies in the Japan and Okhotsk seas in mid winter, as compared to the Northeast Pacific and South Siberia regions, could have a reversed phase. Alternating cold/warm decadal anomalies in different longitude zones of the North Asian Pacific are accompanied by alternating meridional wind and SLP anomalies at temperate latitudes. Alternating zones of inversed anomalies in temperate latitudes of the Asian Pacific are related to teleconnections with anomalies in both Arctic and Indo-Pacific oceans. Negative SSTA in eastern/central tropical-equatorial Pacific and positive SSTA in El Nino area accompanies rise of northern wind and ice extent in the Okhotsk/Japan Seas in mid-winter. The best predictors of the high cold anomaly in February in the western subarctic Pacific and marginal seas are reduction of the SST and net heat flux from the atmosphere to the ocean in north-eastern and central North Pacific during warm period of a previous year. At the multidecadal time scale the warming/cooling in the Northeast Pacific accompany winter warming/cooling in the Baykal Lake area during all period of observation. At interdecadal time scales the significant link of winter climate oscillations in South Siberia (Baikal Lake Basin) is found with SSTA oscillations in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean and certain areas of the Pacific Ocean. The linkages of anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin, Okhotsk, Japan Seas with regional anomalies in some key areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, related to the atmospheric centers of action are more stable than that with climatic indices. After climate regime shift in late 70s warm decadal anomaly in both Lake Baykal Basin and Indian Ocean in boreal winter accompany high positive anomaly of the Arctic Oscillation. Scenarios of extreme anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin and Subarctic Pacific marginal area are also presented.
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Somayajulu, Y. K., V. S. N. Murty, C. Neelima i P. S. V. Jagadeesh. "Interannual variability of the equatorial jets in the Indian Ocean from merged altimetry data". W Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Symposium, redaktorzy Robert J. Frouin, Vijay K. Agarwal, Hiroshi Kawamura, Shailesh Nayak i Delu Pan. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.693802.

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Neethu, Sukumaran. "Tracing the Himalayan Erosion and Weathering Products in the Equatorial Indian Ocean Using Sedimentary Lead Isotopes". W Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1902.

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Bharti, Nisha, Ravi Bhushan i M. Muruganantham. "Estimates of High Resolution Ventilation Age from the Equatorial Indian Ocean during Last 40 ka: Implications to Paleo Deep Water Circulation". W Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.182.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Equatorial Indian Ocean"

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Melville, W. K. Ship-Based UAV Measurements of Air-Sea Interaction in Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Processes in the Equatorial Indian Ocean. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598312.

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