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Kamosko, Mikhail Mikhailovich, i Mahmoud Stanislavovich Poznovich. "Radiological diagnosis of hip joint abnormalities in children". Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 3, nr 2 (15.06.2015): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors3232-41.
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Abnormalities of the hip joint in children covers a wide range of diseases, including both congenital and acquired ones. Hip dysplasia, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and juvenile slipped capital femoral epiphysis account for up to 25 % of all diseases of the musculoskeletal system in pediatric patients. Early diagnosis of these disorders and timely treatment are of paramount importance in the prevention of childhood disability.
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Mazankova, L. N., E. R. Samitova, N. V. Khoroid, M. N. Ermakova i A. A. Cheburkin. "Rare generalized form of meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W". Journal Infectology 12, nr 1 (21.03.2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-1-11-118.
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The article presents current data on the high epidemiological and social significance of meningococcal infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis W in the Russian Federation and abroad. The article contains a review of the literature on the clinical features of the course of generalized forms of meningococcal infection caused by serogroup W. The clinical observation of a rare variant of generalized meningococcal infection with the development of acute epiphyseal osteomyelitis of the distal epiphysis of the right tibia, arthritis of the right ankle joint, right wrist joint, joints of 1-st right toe in an early childhood is described.
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Macía-Villa, C. C., I. Sanchez-Lite i J. Medina-Luezas. "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in adults: case report and review of literature". Reumatismo 68, nr 1 (23.06.2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2016.860.
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Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) mainly affects overweight prepubertal children. It is usually idiopathic, but endocrinological diseases are proposed as the main cause. SCFE occurs before the closing of the femoral physis, which generally occurs at 18 years in males and 16 years in females, therefore it is considered a children’s disease. However, there have been several reports of adults with SCFE and some familial cases. We present a case of bilateral SCFE in a 47 years old female with possible relationship with inhaled corticosteroids, and for the first time we collect and analyze all published cases in adults.
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Cal Rosa, J., i E. Liberti. "Morphological evaluation of cartilage development in the distal femoral epiphysis of human fetuses". Journal of Morphological Sciences 32, nr 02 (kwiecień 2015): 089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.084315.
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Abstract Introduction: The epiphysis cartilage in the knee joint has been widely studied in recent decades due to the joint complexity and its clinical importance. However, there is little information about morphological and ultrastructural aspects of normal cartilage development of the knee joint, particularly in human fetuses of different age, which could contribute to a better understanding of diseases and malformations during development. Materials and Methods: This research was performed with 20 human fetuses covering the age range 16 to 31 weeks of intrauterine life, which were divided into 4 groups (n = 5). Morphometric analysis of the distal femoral epiphysis cartilage were realized for the parameters: chondrocytes area, percent density of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as qualitative analysis of the distribution, organization and characterization of collagen fibers making use of Picrosirius staining under analysis with polarized light. Results: It was verified that the chondrocytes area and density of ECM increased with advancing age, while the density of chondrocytes decreased. Also in the epiphyseal region, immature cartilage of younger fetuses, initially with characteristics of a proliferation zone starts to present, in older age fetuses, characteristics of a maturation zone, with larger chondrocytes and more distant from each other. In the epiphysis surface the organization and orientation of the collagen ibers changed in different groups, from an irregular orientation in the younger fetuses group, to a pantograph organization in the most developed fetuses group. Conclusion: During fetal development, the maturation of cartilage combines increasing ECM percent density and changes in the collagen fibers organization and orientation, contributing to the required cartilage properties for each stage of its development.
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Witbreuk, M., F. J. van Kemenade, J. A. van der Sluijs, E. P. Jansma, J. Rotteveel i B. J. van Royen. "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis and its association with endocrine, metabolic and chronic diseases: a systematic review of the literature". Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 7, nr 3 (czerwiec 2013): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11832-013-0493-8.
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Mahammad, Davudov, Rahimov Chingiz, Ahmadov Elchin, Irannejad Farinaz i Qurbanov Vugar. "Chondroblastoma of the TMJ: Case Report". Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 21, nr 3 (27.11.2017): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2017-0030.
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Summary Background: Chondroblastoma is one of the rare diseases. It often localizes in the epiphysis of the long bones. It is very rare in the flat bones (20 % in men), especially in the facial bones and TMJ. Usually it is found in young people under the age of 20 and its rate in women is 2 times lesser than in men. Its etiology is still unknown. Case report: Patient M.P., a 45 years old male, applied to Clinic with limited mouth opening and swelling on the right periauricular masticatory region. The tumor was removed by surgical operation under the general anesthesia, sent to pathohistologic analysis, and the diagnosis of chondroblastoma was confirmed. Conclusion: Treatment has been successful and no recurrent findings or postoperative complications, including functional restrictions, have occurred in the one year following the complete tumor excision.
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Rubashkin, Sergey A., Anastasiya V. Sertakova, Magomed M. Dohov i Musa C. Timaev. "Degenerative hip disorders in children". Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 6, nr 3 (28.09.2018): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors6378-86.
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A group of degenerative hip disorders in children is discussed in the current review. The key pathogenic focus of these disturbances is an initial hyaline cartilage alteration or subchondral bone, which provokes damage of the epiphyseal hip zone. Eventually, such events lead to a local inflammatory reaction in the hip joint, cytokine cascade with hypoxia and ischemia, and apoptosis and necrosis in the hip. Developmental hip dysplasia, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and slipped capital femoral epiphysis are analyzed in this review as the spreading forms of degenerative hip disorders in children. The key points of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment of each disease are characterized. A group of degenerative hip joint diseases remains under the close supervision of pediatric orthopedists and traumatologists because of their high prevalence, severity of clinical manifestations, damage of life quality, and development of complications in the form of arthritis. In addition, the lack of unified approaches to the application of treatment methods for degenerative hip joint diseases is the subject of discussion among surgeons and often causes a decrease in the quality of care in terms of time and volume.
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Petkovic, Lazar, Dusan Maric i Djordje Gajdobranski. "Ultrasonographic differentiation of painful hip in developmental age". Medical review 63, nr 3-4 (2010): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1004208p.
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Introduction The most common diseases in the group of painful hip are transient synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, infective (septic) arthritis, Perthes disease and slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis. Methodology: The algorhythm covers the first and control examinations in certain time intervals (after: 3-7, 7-15, 21-30 days; as well as 2-4 months). Results and discussion The most frequent feature of painful hip is transient synovitis with 65%, Perthes disease with 13 %, septic arthritis with 6%, rheumatoid arthritis and slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis with 2.5%.The ratio boys and girls was 2.3:1. The average age in the group of the painful hip was 6.8 years, in the group of TS 6.5years. The most frequent clinical signs were limping in 84.2% and hip pain in 79.6%.Through the follow up period the difference of the anterior capsular distance was established for symptomatic hip: the average value on the first exam was 8.1 mm, and on the final exam 4.7 mm 3.6 mm. In transient synovitis, there was no difference in measured values of the anterior and lateral femoral head distance for both hips. The medial duration of synovial effusion, measured ultrasonographically, was 10.6 days, and the duration of the clinical signs was 8.7 days. The prolongated synovitis was recorded in 17.6%, and Perthes disease in 8.4%. The average value of anterior capsular distalnce in these patients was 5.4mm. In group of Perthes disease the values of anterior capsular distance during control examinations showed increase that implicated the lateralisation or extrusion of the femoral head. The values of anterior distance of the femoral head were without significant difference. Conclusion The ultrasonography should be the method of choice in painful hip differentiation regardless of the age. The ultrasonography can replace radiography safely in the primary diagnostic procedure as well as through the control examination.
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Kim, Young Jae, Seung Ro Lee, Ja-Young Choi i Kwang Gi Kim. "Using Convolutional Neural Network with Taguchi Parametric Optimization for Knee Segmentation from X-Ray Images". BioMed Research International 2021 (23.08.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5521009.
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Loss of knee cartilage can cause intense pain at the knee epiphysis and this is one of the most common diseases worldwide. To diagnose this condition, the distance between the femur and tibia is calculated based on X-ray images. Accurate segmentation of the femur and tibia is required to assist in the calculation process. Several studies have investigated the use of automatic knee segmentation to assist in the calculation process, but the results are of limited value owing to the complexity of the knee. To address this problem, this study exploits deep learning for robust segmentation not affected by the environment. In addition, the Taguchi method is applied to optimize the deep learning results. Deep learning architecture, optimizer, and learning rate are considered for the Taguchi table to check the impact and interaction of the results. When the Dilated-Resnet architecture is used with the Adam optimizer and a learning rate of 0.001, dice coefficients of 0.964 and 0.942 are obtained for the femur and tibia for knee segmentation. The implemented procedure and the results of this investigation may be beneficial to help in determining the correct margins for the femur and tibia and can be the basis for developing an automatic diagnosis algorithm for orthopedic diseases.
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Mader, Reuven, Xenofon Baraliakos, Iris Eshed, Irina Novofastovski, Amir Bieber, Jorrit-Jan Jorrit-Jan Verlaan, David Kiefer, Nicola Pappone i Fabiola Atzeni. "Imaging of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)". RMD Open 6, nr 1 (luty 2020): e001151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001151.
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Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a condition characterised by calcification and ossification of ligaments and entheses. The condition usually affects the axial skeleton, in particular, at the thoracic segment, though also other portions of the spine are often involved. DISH often involves also peripheral tendinous and/or entheseal sites either alone, or in association with the involvement of peripheral joints. At times, new bone formation involves the bone itself, but sometimes it involves joints not usually affected by osteoarthritis (OA) which result in bony enlargement of the epiphysis, joints space narrowing and a reduced range of motion. Because of the entheseal involvement, DISH can be mistaken for seronegative spondyloarthropathies or for a "simple" OA. Furthermore, other implications for the recognition of DISH include spinal fractures, difficult intubation and upper endoscopies, decreased response rates in DISH with concomitant spondyloarthritides, and increased likelihood to be affected by metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This Atlas is intended to show the imaging finding in DISH in patients diagnosed with the condition by the Resnick classification criteria.
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Khodzhaev, N. S., A. A. Stadnikov, A. D. Chuprov, S. M. Kim i O. V. Marshinskaya. "Role of Melatonin in Human Eye Physiology and Its Implications for Ophthalmic Diseases Treatment (Review)". Ophthalmology in Russia 18, nr 2 (5.07.2021): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2021-2-234-239.
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Melatonin is a hormone of the epiphysis and a regulator of circadian rhythms of living organisms, which affects a number of important physiological processes. Melatonin synthesis has also been found in other organs, in particular in various structural systems of the eyeball. A number of studies demonstrate that melatonin plays an important role in a variety of biochemical and physiological processes that ensure functioning of visual analyzer. This review provides information on the synthesis of melatonin, its secretion and metabolism, considers key information about melatonin receptors (MT1, MT2 and MT3), their localization in various eye’s structures, and their affinity to melatonin. Over the last years, researchers’ attention has been drawn to the therapeutic properties of melatonin, relevant for treatment of age-related diseases. The aggressive effects of solar radiation and environmental toxicants expose the organ of vision to oxidative attacks. A large amount of evidence has been accumulated of the participation of oxidative stress in the development of many eye diseases, resulting in an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Melatonin, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and regulates mitochondrial functions, can be a powerful tool to counter age-related changes. Globally, the number of people of all ages with visual impairment is estimated at 285 million. Cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of vision loss around the world. AMD and cataracts often coexist in patients, so there is a concern that age-related cataract surgery increases the risk of morbidity and progression of AMD. The pathogenesis of both cataracts and AMD is still unclear, although a number of theories have been put forward, including oxidative stress, age-related changes, inflammatory processes, etc. Analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature shows good perspectives of using melatonin as preventive and therapeutic agent in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases of various origins.
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Ezhov, M. Y., O. A. Batalov i Y. I. Ezhov. "Features of static, paralytic and iatrogenic foot joints deformities diagnosis and treatment". Kazan medical journal 93, nr 5 (15.10.2012): 830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1722.
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Aim. To evaluate the efficiency of treating patients with orthopedic foot diseases for previous 30 years, including treatment using high technology methods. Methods. 700 patients aged from 16 to 85 years underwent surgical treatment. All foot state parameters were scored using a 10-point grading system. To specify the transversal arch parameters, computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography were performed. To assess the general condition of the foot, vascular ultrasound, electroneuromyography, biomechanical examination using ink print mats and podometry. In treating patients with hallux valgus in most of the cases (55%) straightening surgery of first metatarsus partial removal at proximal epiphysis was preferred. First metatarsophalangeal endoprosthesis, orhtopedic casts and various types of osteotomy for hallux valgus straightening were also used. Results. Patients had the mean total foot condition score at 31.3 points (normal range is upper than 50) indicating grade II-IV, after the surgical treatment the mean total foot condition score was 46.7 points in 91.6% of treated patients. Inappropriate staging of surgical treatment has leaded to inadequate treatment outcomes, in particular, surplus caput osteotomy of first metatarsus leaded to first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis progression and to hallux varus development. Conclusion. Appropriate pre-surgical planning and use of high technology methods of surgical treatment allows to compensate even advanced foot deformities.
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Bogusławska, Anna, i Márta Korbonits. "Genetics of Acromegaly and Gigantism". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, nr 7 (29.03.2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071377.
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Growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumours represent the most genetically determined pituitary tumour type. This is true both for germline and somatic mutations. Germline mutations occur in several known genes (AIP, PRKAR1A, GPR101, GNAS, MEN1, CDKN1B, SDHx, MAX) as well as familial cases with currently unknown genes, while somatic mutations in GNAS are present in up to 40% of tumours. If the disease starts before the fusion of the epiphysis, then accelerated growth and increased final height, or gigantism, can develop, where a genetic background can be identified in half of the cases. Hereditary GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (PA) can manifest as isolated tumours, familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) including cases with AIP mutations or GPR101 duplications (X-linked acrogigantism, XLAG) or can be a part of systemic diseases like multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or type 4, McCune–Albright syndrome, Carney complex or phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma-pituitary adenoma association. Family history and a search for associated syndromic manifestations can help to draw attention to genetic causes; many of these are now tested as part of gene panels. Identifying genetic mutations allows appropriate screening of associated comorbidities as well as finding affected family members before the clinical manifestation of the disease. This review focuses on germline and somatic mutations predisposing to acromegaly and gigantism.
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Nongkhlaw, Fenella MW, i Santa R. Joshi. "Investigation on the bioactivity of culturable endophytic and epiphytic bacteria associated with ethnomedicinal plants". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, nr 09 (27.09.2015): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4967.
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Introduction: The growing need for the bioactive compounds of ethnomedicinal plants for the treatment of diseases has resulted in exploitation of medicinal plants. The present investigation aimed to study the diversity of endophytic and epiphytic bacteria associated with ethnomedicinal plants and to explore their potential as source of bioactive compounds. Methodology: Characterization of culturable endophytic and epiphytic bacteria associated with 11 ethnomedicinal plants and their potential as natural antioxidants was assessed through free radical scavenging activity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, metal ion chelation, and antagonistic activity. Genetic screening to assess the potential of endophytes and epiphytes to synthesize bioactive compounds was achieved by screening for the presence of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene. Result: The frequently isolated endophytic bacterium recovered was Bacillus sp. Antioxidative property of the bacterial extracts revealed endophytes with potent antioxidant activity and better antagonistic activity as compared to epiphytes. Genetic screening revealed the presence of the NRPS gene in seven plant-associated bacteria, indicating the production of natural products. Conclusions: The study indicated the extracts of bacterial endophytes associated with ethnomedicinal plants as good sources of natural products with potential application in oxidative stress. The isolates could be used as new bioactive agents.
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Perry, Daniel C., Barbara Arch, Duncan Appelbe, Priya Francis, Catherine Spowart i Marian Knight. "A protocol for a nationwide multicentre, prospective surveillance cohort and nested-consented cohort to determine the incidence and clinical outcomes of slipped capital femoral epiphysis". Bone & Joint Open 1, nr 3 (marzec 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.13.bjo-2020-0002.
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Aims Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most common hip diseases of adolescence that can cause marked disability, yet there is little robust evidence to guide treatment. Fundamental aspects of the disease, such as frequency, are unknown and consequently the desire of clinicians to undertake robust intervention studies is somewhat prohibited by a lack of fundamental knowledge. Methods The study is an anonymized nationwide comprehensive cohort study with nested consented within the mechanism of the British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance (BOSS) Study. All relevant hospitals treating SCFE in England, Scotland, and Wales will contribute anonymized case details. Potential missing cases will be cross-checked against two independent external sources of data (the national administrative data and independent trainee data). Patients will be invited to enrich the data collected by supplementing anonymized case data with patient-reported outcome measures. In line with recommendations of the IDEAL Collaboration, the study will primarily seek to determine incidence, describe case mix and variations in surgical interventions, and explore the relationships between baseline factors (patients and types of interventions) and two-year outcomes. Discussion This is the first disease to be investigated using the BOSS Study infrastructure. It provides a robust method to determine the disease frequency, and a large unbiased sample of cases from which treatment strategies can be investigated. It may form the basis for definitive robust intervention studies or, where these are demonstrated not to be feasible, this may be the most robust cohort study.
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Perry, Daniel C., Barbara Arch, Duncan Appelbe, Priya Francis, Catherine Spowart i Marian Knight. "A protocol for a nationwide multicentre, prospective surveillance cohort and nested-consented cohort to determine the incidence and clinical outcomes of slipped capital femoral epiphysis". Bone & Joint Open 1, nr 3 (marzec 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.13.bjo-2020-0002.
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Aims Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most common hip diseases of adolescence that can cause marked disability, yet there is little robust evidence to guide treatment. Fundamental aspects of the disease, such as frequency, are unknown and consequently the desire of clinicians to undertake robust intervention studies is somewhat prohibited by a lack of fundamental knowledge. Methods The study is an anonymized nationwide comprehensive cohort study with nested consented within the mechanism of the British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance (BOSS) Study. All relevant hospitals treating SCFE in England, Scotland, and Wales will contribute anonymized case details. Potential missing cases will be cross-checked against two independent external sources of data (the national administrative data and independent trainee data). Patients will be invited to enrich the data collected by supplementing anonymized case data with patient-reported outcome measures. In line with recommendations of the IDEAL Collaboration, the study will primarily seek to determine incidence, describe case mix and variations in surgical interventions, and explore the relationships between baseline factors (patients and types of interventions) and two-year outcomes. Discussion This is the first disease to be investigated using the BOSS Study infrastructure. It provides a robust method to determine the disease frequency, and a large unbiased sample of cases from which treatment strategies can be investigated. It may form the basis for definitive robust intervention studies or, where these are demonstrated not to be feasible, this may be the most robust cohort study.
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Golub, L. M., T. F. McNamara, G. D'Angelo, R. A. Greenwald i N. S. Ramamurthy. "A Non-antibacterial Chemically-modified Tetracycline Inhibits Mammalian Collagenase Activity". Journal of Dental Research 66, nr 8 (sierpień 1987): 1310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660080401.
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Tetracyclines (including the semi-synthetic analogues, minocycline and doxycycline) are considered useful adjuncts in periodontal therapy because they suppress Gram-negative periodontopathogens. Recently, these antibiotics were found to inhibit mammalian collagenase activity, a property which may also be of therapeutic value. It has been suggested that the anti-collagenase properties of the tetracyclines are independent of their antibiotic efficacy. To advance this hypothesis further, we chemically converted tetracycline hydrochloride to its non-antimicrobial analogue, de-dimethylaminotetracycline. This chemically-modified tetracycline (CMT), although no longer an effective antibiotic, was found to inhibit the in vitro activity of collagenase from partially purified extracts of human rheumatoid synovial tissue and rachitic rat epiphysis. In a preliminary in vivo study, pathologically-excessive collagenase in skin and gingiva was induced by rendering adult male rats diabetic, and the oral administration of CMT to these rats significantly reduced the excessive collagenase activity in both tissues. Moreover, CMT administration did not affect the severe hyperglycemia in these rats but did prevent, at least in part, the diabetes-induced loss of body weight, skin weight, and skin collagen mass; these effects suggest a lack of toxicity in this animal model. A proposed clinical advantage of CMT over conventional tetracyclines, in the treatment of diseases characterized by excessive collagenolytic activity, is the lack of development of antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms during prolonged use. However, the consideration of clinical trials to support this hypothesis must await further laboratory and extensive toxicity tests.
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Thanyaphoo, Suphannee, i Jasadee Kaewsrichan. "Potential of bone scaffolds containing vancomycin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a rat model of osteomyelitis". Asian Biomedicine 8, nr 5 (1.10.2014): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0805.340.
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Abstract Background: Infected bone is often intractable. An ideal approach is to simultaneously eradicate infection and repair the bone defect. The development of osteoinductive bone graft composites to control antibiotic drug release would be useful for the treatment of intractable bone infections. Objectives: To develop a rat model of osteomyelitis for assessing osteoinductive bone graft scaffolds containing antibiotics and a bone morphogenetic protein. Methods: Si-imprinted calcium phosphate is a new hydroxyapatite derivative used in fabricating bone scaffolds. Vancomycin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were loaded onto scaffolds of Si-imprinted calcium phosphate using an established method. The efficiency of the scaffold as a drug carrier system was assessed in vivo. Osteomyelitis was induced in rats by infection of the tibial epiphysis with Staphylococcus aureus (BAA 1680). The success of inducing disease was checked after 4 weeks using bacterial culture and radiography. A 10 mm metaphysis bone was surgically removed and replaced with a drug-loaded scaffold. Histology and X-ray imaging were used to evaluate the implants at 8 weeks post implantation. Results: We successfully established a rat model of osteomyelitis. The causative bacteria were effectively eradicated by vancomycin released from the implants. Enhanced bone formation was observed for the implant samples containing vancomycin and BMP-2 compared with those containing either vancomycin or BMP2 alone. Conclusions: The newly developed bone scaffold has potential as a vehicle for therapeutic agents to treat bone diseases.
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Popkov, D. A., N. A. Kononovich, E. R. Mingazov, R. B. Shutov i D. Barbier. "Intramedullary Elastic Transphyseal Tibial Osteosynthesis and Its Effect on Segmental Growth". Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 70, nr 4 (29.09.2015): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v70.i4.1410.
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Background: Intramedullary transphyseal elastic osteosynthesis is used in children for the diseases accompanied by the reduced strength properties of bone tissue, and primarily for osteogenesis imperfecta.Objective: The purpose of the experimental study was to investigate tibial growth under the conditions of transphyseal counter-directed insertion of elastic rods without bone integrity breaking, under transverse fracture modeling, as well as under combining transphyseal reinforcement and subperiosteal positioning the titanium mesh with the elastic rods intervolved in it.Methods: Non-randomized controlled trial was performed. Three series of experiments performed in 18 puppies. Counter-directed transphyseal reinforcement of tibia performed in Series I,, transphyseal reinforcement combined with transverse osteotomy of leg bones — in Series II, transphyseal elastic osteosynthesis and subperiosteal positioning the titanium nickelide mesh with intervolved in it elastic rods during transverse leg bone osteotomy performed in Series III.Results: Transphyseal reinforcement resulted in growth retardation of the operated tibia. The loss of residual growth was 3.8 mm (p =0.078) in series I; 7.8 mm (p =0.032) — in series II; 7.7 mm (p =0.042) — in series III. Eccentric insertion of transphyseal rods formed an angular deformity (mean value 7°; p =0.023) of the distal tibial epiphysis in the process of residual growth. Periosteal and endosteal reactions contributed to enlargement of diaphyseal diameter of 3.9 mm (series II; p =0.037) and 3.8 mm (series III; p =0.041). Any difference of diameter between operated and intact tibia was not observed in series I.Conclusion: Intramedullary transphyseal reinforcement retards longitudinal bone growth. The positioning of the telescopic systems should be as close as possible to the center of growth plates in order to prevent angular deformities. Subperiosteal reinforcement doesn’t retard consolidation of fragments, and it can be combined with intramedullary transphyseal osteosynthesis
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Amina, Kheireddine, Essghaier Badiâa, Hedi Abdeljabar i Sadfi-Zouaoui Cyrine Dhieb Najla. "New epiphytic yeasts able to reduce grey mold disease on apples". Plant Protection Science 54, No. 4 (25.08.2018): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/103/2017-pps.
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Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, is a predominant agent causing extensive postharvest and quality losses of apples in Tunisia and worldwide. Efforts to manage this disease have met with limited success. For this reason, the use of microorganism preparations to control fungal diseases as an alternative to fungicides became an urgent need. From a total of 60 epiphytic yeasts, 10 were assessed in vitro against B. cinerea and selected isolates showing antagonism were evaluated for their ability to suppress the grey mould in vivo. On Petri plates, the most promising strains (three strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, one Cryptococcus flavescens, and one Citeromyces matritensis) showed a zone of inhibition against the pathogen fungus not exceeding 10 mm. In vivo, these isolates showed a remarkable antifungal activity since they significantly reduced disease severity on apples from 63% to 95% compared to the control. In conclusion, the work has demonstrated that the three strains, L7 of Aureobasidium pullulans, L2 of Citeromyces matritensis, and L10 of Cryptococcus flavescens, were highly effective and can be used as potential biocontrol agents in controlling the post-harvest decay of apples caused by B. cinerea.
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van den Eeden, Yannick N. T., Niklas Unter Ecker, Holger Kleinertz, Thorsten Gehrke i Tobias M. Ballhause. "Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVB". Case Reports in Orthopedics 2021 (28.04.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5584408.
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Introduction. Morquio syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IV is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, characterized by abnormal metabolism of glycosaminoglycans associated with specific skeletal deformities, also known as dysostosis multiplex. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 23-year-old patient with advanced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) on both sides due to Morquio syndrome. A diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type IVB was made after extensive genetic profiling. The patient had the condition for a long time. At 7 years old, the patient was treated with bilateral pelvic Salter’s osteotomy. Afterward, the patient was able to walk freely but could never take part in sports. At 22 years old, pain in the hip increased, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a bilateral femur head necrosis. Hence, the patient underwent cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). Intraoperatively, a periprosthetic fracture occurred. Therefore, revision surgery with internal fixation was performed on the next day. Postoperatively, a weight-bearing restriction of 20 kg on the left leg was imposed for 6 weeks. The patient made a full recovery and was able to move without residual complaints. Annual orthopedic evaluation in patients treated with surgical intervention is recommended. Discussion. Orthopedic challenges for mucopolysaccharidoses and corresponding bone alterations, known as dysostosis multiplex, involving trunk and limbs with typical radiological findings have been well described. The hip is invariably involved, with dysplasia affecting the femoral neck (coxa valga), femoral epiphysis (loss of sphericity, osteonecrosis), and a flared hypoplastic iliac wing. Symptomatic therapy consists, on the one hand, of a surgical procedure and, on the other hand, a variety of supportive measures. However, the management of joint replacement in lysosomal storage diseases has not been well reported. All patients with MPS should be considered at high risk for surgical intervention requiring anesthesia because of airway and cardiac disease manifestations. In the case of a need for THA, we recommend cemented stem fixation because of the overall poor bone quality in patients with Morquio syndrome.
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Danilova, M. V., i E. N. Usoltseva. "Significance of the pineal gland hormone melatonin in maintaining the health of women of reproductive age (a review)". Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction 13, nr 4 (16.01.2020): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347.2019.13.4.337-344.
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Introduction. Maintaining women's reproductive health is an important task that requires safe approaches based on the pathogenesis. More and more studies address the role of the pineal gland (epiphysis) hormone melatonin (МТ) in the functioning of the reproductive system, as well as the impact of МТ deficiency on the women’s health.Aim: to analyze and summarize the available literature about the role of the pineal gland hormone МТ in the pathogenesis of gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age (infertility, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, premenstrual syndrome), and also about the impact of МТ deficiency on the health of women working night shifts.Materials and methods. The relevant publications were searched in domestic (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (Pubmed, Cochrane Library) databases; we looked up the materials published in the recent 7 years. In our search, we prioritized the free access to full text articles. The selection of sources was limited to the period from 2012 to 2019.Results. МТ is involved in the development of follicles by causing the oocytes maturation, promoting the development of embryos, inhibiting the synthesis of steroids in the ovaries and, therefore, reducing the level of steroids in the blood. MT delays ovarian aging through a variety of mechanisms, including the antioxidant action, the maintenance of the due length of the telomere, the upregulated expression of the aging-related SIRT genes, and also the regulation of the ribosome functioning. As MT protects germ cells from oxidative stress, it is essential for normal ovulation, fertilization and further development of the embryo; this hormone has an impact on the duration of the woman's fertility and the onset of menopause. MT has a potential therapeutic effect on endometriosis. The oncostatic role of MT in hormone-dependent breast tumors has been described. Disruption of normal MT production during night shifts is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer in shift workers. MT deficiency leads to circadian desynchronosis and may cause both somatic disorders (metabolic syndrome, obesity, oncopathology) and neuroendocrine dysregulation of the female reproductive system.Conclusion. The variety of physiological functions of the pineal gland hormone MT emphasizes the pathogenetic role of its deficiency in many gynecological and somatic diseases. Of particular relevance is the increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, the development of metabolic syndrome and breast cancer in women who work night shifts. Therefore, it is important both to maintain normal endogenous level of MT and also use its therapeutic potential to maintain the health of women of reproductive age.
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Bahri, Hamdi, Vitor Ramos, Diogo Mina, José A. Pereira i Paula Baptista. "Characterization of Olive-Associated Fungi of Cultivars with Different Levels of Resistance to Anthracnose". Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, nr 1 (3.12.2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08878.
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Olive anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is one of the most damaging fruit diseases in olive crops worldwide. Their control is very difficult and relies mostly in the use of copper-based fungicides. The plant-associate fungal community has been increasingly recognized for playing an important role in plant health and fitness. Thus, in this work, the olive-associated fungi of cultivars with different levels of resistance to anthracnose were characterized to identify potential protecting fungi for a sustainable strategy of biocontrol. A culture-dependent approach was used to assess both epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities of leaves from the olive cultivars Madural (susceptible to anthracnose) and Cobrançosa (moderately tolerant), and the isolates obtained were identified by rRNA sequencing. Overall, the Ascomycota phylum and Aureobasidium genus were the most dominant, being epiphytes that are significantly more diverse and abundant than endophytes. Host plant (at cultivar level) had a negligible effect on the composition of the fungal communities of the leaves. Future research needs to highlight the most prominent taxa arising from different cultivars and to decipher these complex interactions between plants and fungi and assess their role in plant health.
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Allen, Tom W., Habib A. Quayyum, Leon L. Burpee i James W. Buck. "Effect of foliar disease on the epiphytic yeast communities of creeping bentgrass and tall fescue". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, nr 10 (1.10.2004): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-073.
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The effect of mechanical wounding or foliar diseases caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa or Rhizoctonia solani on the epiphytic yeast communities on creeping bentgrass and tall fescue were determined by leaf washing and dilution plating. Total yeast communities on healthy bentgrass and tall fescue leaves ranged from 7.9 × 103 to 1.4 × 105 CFU·cm–2 and from 2.4 × 103 to 1.6 × 104 CFU·cm–2, respectively. Mechanically wounded leaves (1 of 2 trials) and leaves with disease lesions (11 of 12 trials) supported significantly larger communities of phylloplane yeasts. Total yeast communities on S. homoeocarpa infected or R. solani infected bentgrass leaves were 3.6–10.2 times and 6.2–6.4 times larger, respectively, than the communities on healthy leaves. In general, healthy and diseased bentgrass leaves supported larger yeast communities than healthy or diseased tall fescue leaves. We categorized the majority of yeasts as white-pigmented species, including Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus flavus, Pseudozyma antarctica, Pseudozyma aphidis, and Pseudozyma parantarctica. The percentage of pink yeasts in the total yeast community ranged from 2.6% to 9.9% on healthy leaves and increased to 32.0%–44.7% on S. homoeocarpa infected leaves. Pink-pigmented yeasts included Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sakaguchia dacryoidea, and Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Foliar disease significantly affected community size and composition of epiphytic yeasts on bentgrass and tall fescue.Key words: dollar spot, phylloplane, Rhizoctonia blight.
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Rungjindamai, Nattawut. "Isolation and evaluation of biocontrol agents in controlling anthracnose disease of mango in Thailand". Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, nr 3 (1.07.2016): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0034.
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Abstract The agricultural based economy is a core business in Thailand and food export is one of the main sources of income for the Thai population. However, pesticides are overused and misused. As a result there is an urgent need to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals. Biological control offers an alternative to the use of pesticides. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is widely planted in Thailand and is one of the major cash crops for international export. However, mango suffers from various diseases especially anthracnose, a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. One hundred and twelve isolates of epiphytic microbes were isolated from healthy leaves and fruits of mangoes; this included 93 and 19 isolates of epiphytic bacteria and yeasts, respectively. They were screened for bioactivity against a pathogenic strain of C. gloeosporioides isolated from diseased mangoes using a dual culture technique. Out of 112 isolates, eight isolates exhibited at least 60% inhibition. These isolates were further screened for their inhibition on mango using fruit inoculation. Two isolates reduced the lesion sizes caused by C. gloeosporioides compared to control treatment. These two isolates, based on phenotypical and biochemical tests, were identified as Bacillus sp. MB61 and Bacillus sp. LB72.
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Salikin, Nor Hawani, Jadranka Nappi, Marwan E. Majzoub i Suhelen Egan. "Combating Parasitic Nematode Infections, Newly Discovered Antinematode Compounds from Marine Epiphytic Bacteria". Microorganisms 8, nr 12 (11.12.2020): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121963.
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Parasitic nematode infections cause debilitating diseases and impede economic productivity. Antinematode chemotherapies are fundamental to modern medicine and are also important for industries including agriculture, aquaculture and animal health. However, the lack of suitable treatments for some diseases and the rise of nematode resistance to many available therapies necessitates the discovery and development of new drugs. Here, marine epiphytic bacteria represent a promising repository of newly discovered antinematode compounds. Epiphytic bacteria are ubiquitous on marine surfaces where they are under constant pressure of grazing by bacterivorous predators (e.g., protozoans and nematodes). Studies have shown that these bacteria have developed defense strategies to prevent grazers by producing toxic bioactive compounds. Although several active metabolites against nematodes have been identified from marine bacteria, drug discovery from marine microorganisms remains underexplored. In this review, we aim to provide further insight into the need and potential for marine epiphytic bacteria to become a new source of antinematode drugs. We discuss current and emerging strategies, including culture-independent high throughput screening and the utilization of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model target organism, which will be required to advance antinematode drug discovery and development from marine microbial sources.
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Yamashita, T., A. Nifuji, K. Furuya, Y. Nabeshima i M. Noda. "Elongation of the epiphyseal trabecular bone in transgenic mice carrying a klotho gene locus mutation that leads to a syndrome resembling aging". Journal of Endocrinology 159, nr 1 (1.10.1998): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1590001.
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Bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are regarded as age-associated diseases, and occur in a significantly increasing number of patients, but the underlying mechanisms of these age-associated bone diseases are not yet clear. We have established a transgenic mouse line by an insertion mutation. These mice exhibit many features related to precocious aging. Homozygote mutant mice, which lack expression of the newly identified targeted gene,klotho (kl), exhibit atherosclerosis, emphysema, hypogonadism and calcification of soft tissues, and die within 3-4 months. We describe here the radiological and histological characteristics of the skeletal abnormalities in the bones of the mice with a mutation in the kl gene locus. In heterozygous mice (+/kl), the skeletal patterns and structures remain normal and most features are similar to those in the wild-type, whereas histological examinations of homozygous mice (kl/kl) show abnormal elongation of the trabecular bone(s) in the epiphyses of long bones. As with their long bones, on radiographic examination the mid parts of the vertebral bones of these mice show less radiopacity compared with the wild-type, again resembling human vertebrae of osteoporotic patients. The elongation of the trabecular bones results in high radiopacity on both ends of each of the vertebrae, and in the epiphyses of the long bones. Cancellous bone volume in the epiphyses of the homozygote mice is three times that of the wild-type mice. The kl/kl mice are smaller than the wild-type litter mates and hence the size of their long bones is less than that of the wild-type litter mates. These observations, and the osteopenia in the vertebrae and long bones in these mice, suggest the presence of abnormality in bone metabolism, the elongation of the trabecular bone apparently resulting from the relatively low levels of bone resorption. Therefore, thekl/kl mutant mice could serve as an interesting tool to study the effects of the lack of the product of the new gene,klotho, on bone metabolism.
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Selikhova, A., A. Ospanova i Y. Kanibolotskaya. "General characteristics and taxonomic composition of epiphytic microflora of plants". Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 82, nr 2 (24.06.2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2021-2/103-110.
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Main problem: Microbial-plant relationships, including epiphytic microflora, are the subject of attention of many scientists. Numerous works confirm the high interest of researchers and the relevance of studying this topic. Despite many years of research, some questions concerning the characteristics of the epiphytic microflora still remain open. It is already a well-known fact that the epiphytic microflora is directly related to the physiological development of the plant, including yield. This is due to the close interaction of the plant with the microorganisms living on its surface throughout the entire growing season. It is also proved that epiphytic microflora has the ability to change characteristics under the influence of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, soil contamination, sunlight, etc.). In this regard, the study of this topic is one of the important areas of biological and agricultural sciences and is of high importance. It should be noted that a significant role in the development of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Pavlodar region is played by representatives of vegetable crops, including tomatoes and potatoes belonging to the Solanaceae family, which indicates the high importance of the plants selected for the study. The combination of the above arguments determines the need to study the epiphytic microflora of plants and establish the regularities of its influence on the adaptive properties of the studied plants of the Solanaceae family, as well as on their productivity. In turn, the study of epiphytic microflora can also contribute to the search for new ways to increase the yield of plants and their resistance to various diseases. Purpose: The article is devoted to the study of the properties and characteristics of the epiphytic microflora of the surface of various organs of plants of the Solanaceae family (on the example of tomato and potato). The variability of the composition and number of epiphytic microorganisms in seasonal dynamics is shown. Methods: bacterioscopic method, fingerprint method, flushing method, Gram staining method. Results and their significance: The characteristics and properties of representatives of epiphytic microorganisms of aboveground (leaf, fruit, flower) and underground (potato fruit) plant organs were studied. The role of the influence of environmental factors on the variability of epiphytic microflora is determined on the example of plants Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (common tomato) and Solanum tuberosum L. (tuberous nightshade). The differences in the microflora of different plant organs in different periods of vegetation are shown.
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Shujiang, Li, Peng Yan, Zhu Tianhui, Zhu Hanmingyue, Mao Cui i Qiao Tianmin. "Diversity of epiphytic fungi on the diseased and healthy leaves of Bambusa". African Journal of Microbiology Research 6, nr 49 (25.12.2012): 7556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr12.1543.
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Hagen, Mary J., Virginia O. Stockwell, Cheryl A. Whistler, Kenneth B. Johnson i Joyce E. Loper. "Stress Tolerance and Environmental Fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, Which Has a Mutation in rpoS". Phytopathology® 99, nr 6 (czerwiec 2009): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-6-0679.
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Establishment of suppressive populations of bacterial biological control agents on aerial plant surfaces is a critical phase in biologically based management of floral diseases. Periodically, biocontrol agents encounter inhospitable conditions for growth on plants; consequently, tolerance of environmental stresses may contribute to their fitness. In many gram-negative bacteria, including strains of Pseudomonas spp., the capacity to survive environmental stresses is influenced by the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS. This study focused on the role of RpoS in stress response and epiphytic fitness of Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, a well-studied bacterial biological control agent. We detected a frameshift mutation in the rpoS of A506 and demonstrated that the mutation resulted in a truncated, nonfunctional RpoS. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we deleted a nucleotide from rpoS, which then encoded a full-length, functional RpoS. We compared the stress response and epiphytic fitness of A506 with derivative strains having the functional full-length RpoS or a disrupted, nonfunctional RpoS. RpoS had little effect on stress response of A506 and no consistent influence on epiphytic population size of A506 on pear or apple leaves or flowers. Although the capacity of strain A506 to withstand exposure to environmental stresses was similar to that of other fluorescent pseudomonads, this capacity was largely independent of rpoS.
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Karabayır, Nalan, Gonca Keskindemirci, Erdal Adal i Orhan Korkmaz. "A Case of Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata in Newborn". Case Reports in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/879679.
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Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctate (RCDP) is a rare autosomal recessive peroxisomal disease. The main features of the disease are shortening of the proximal long bones, punctate calcifications located in the epiphyses of long bones and in soft tissues around joints and vertebral column, vertebral clefting, dysmorphic face, and severe growth retardation, whereas cervical spinal stenosis may also rarely be present. Imaging of the brain and spinal cord in patients with this disorder may aid prognosis and guide management decisions. We report the newborn diagnosed as CDP with cervical stenosis. Our aim is to discuss current knowledge on etiopathogenesis as well as radiological and clinical symptoms of diseases associated with CDP.
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Wang, Gaoge, Li Shuai, Yun Li, Wei Lin, Xiaowei Zhao i Delin Duan. "Phylogenetic analysis of epiphytic marine bacteria on Hole-Rotten diseased sporophytes of Laminaria japonica". Journal of Applied Phycology 20, nr 4 (23.11.2007): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9274-4.
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Poza-Carrion, Cesar, Trevor Suslow i Steven Lindow. "Resident Bacteria on Leaves Enhance Survival of Immigrant Cells of Salmonella enterica". Phytopathology® 103, nr 4 (kwiecień 2013): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-12-0221-fi.
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Although Salmonella enterica apparently has comparatively low epiphytic fitness on plants, external factors that would influence its ability to survive on plants after contamination would be of significance in the epidemiology of human diseases caused by this human pathogen. Viable population sizes of S. enterica applied to plants preinoculated with Pseudomonas syringae or either of two Erwinia herbicola strains was ≥10-fold higher than that on control plants that were not precolonized by such indigenous bacteria when assessed 24 to 72 h after the imposition of desiccation stress. The protective effect of P. fluorescens, which exhibited antibiosis toward S. enterica in vitro, was only ≈50% that conferred by other bacterial strains. Although S. enterica could produce small cellular aggregates after incubation on wet leaves for several days, and the cells in such aggregates were less susceptible to death upon acute dehydration than solitary cells (as determined by propidium iodide staining), most Salmonella cells were found as isolated cells when it was applied to leaves previously colonized by other bacterial species. The proportion of solitary cells of S. enterica coincident with aggregates of cells of preexisting epiphytic species that subsequently were judged as nonviable by viability staining on dry leaves was as much as 10-fold less than those that had landed on uncolonized portions of the leaf. Thus, survival of immigrant cells of S. enterica on plants appears to be strongly context dependent, and the presence of common epiphytic bacteria on plants can protect such immigrants from at least one key stress (i.e., desiccation) encountered on leaf surfaces.
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Stavrinides, John, Jodi K. McCloskey i Howard Ochman. "Pea Aphid as both Host and Vector for the Phytopathogenic Bacterium Pseudomonas syringae". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, nr 7 (6.02.2009): 2230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02860-08.
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ABSTRACT Aphids are widespread agricultural pests that are capable of disseminating plant viral diseases; however, despite coming into frequent contact with epiphytic bacteria, aphids are considered to have no role in bacterial transmission. Here, we demonstrate the ability of pea aphids to vector the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a (PsyB728a). While feeding on plants colonized by epiphytic bacteria, aphids acquire the bacteria, which colonize the digestive tract, multiply, and are excreted in the aphid honeydew, resulting in inoculation of the phyllosphere with up to 107 phytopathogenic bacteria per cm2. Within days of ingesting bacteria, aphids succumb to bacterial sepsis, indicating that aphids serve as an alternative, nonplant host for PsyB728a. The related strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is >1,000-fold less virulent than PsyB728a in the pea aphid, suggesting that PsyB728a possesses strain-specific pathogenicity factors that allow it to exploit aphids as hosts. To identify these factors, we performed a mutagenesis screen and recovered PsyB728a mutants that were hypovirulent, including one defective in a gene required for flagellum formation and motility. These interactions illustrate that aphids can also vector bacterial pathogens and that even seemingly host-restricted pathogens can have alternative host specificities and lifestyles.
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Pooja, Suneja, Kumar Ajit i Dahiya Pushpa. "Characterization of epiphytic bacteria isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) nodules". African Journal of Microbiology Research 8, nr 12 (19.03.2014): 1302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr12.2192.
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Korsten, L. "Evaluation of Bacterial Epiphytes Isolated from Avocado Leaf and Fruit Surfaces for Biocontrol of Avocado Postharvest Diseases". Plant Disease 79, nr 11 (1995): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-79-1149.
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Sundin, George W., i Nian Wang. "Antibiotic Resistance in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria". Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, nr 1 (25.08.2018): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045946.
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Antibiotics have been used for the management of relatively few bacterial plant diseases and are largely restricted to high-value fruit crops because of the expense involved. Antibiotic resistance in plant-pathogenic bacteria has become a problem in pathosystems where these antibiotics have been used for many years. Where the genetic basis for resistance has been examined, antibiotic resistance in plant pathogens has most often evolved through the acquisition of a resistance determinant via horizontal gene transfer. For example, the strAB streptomycin-resistance genes occur in Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae, and Xanthomonas campestris, and these genes have presumably been acquired from nonpathogenic epiphytic bacteria colocated on plant hosts under antibiotic selection. We currently lack knowledge of the effect of the microbiome of commensal organisms on the potential of plant pathogens to evolve antibiotic resistance. Such knowledge is critical to the development of robust resistance management strategies to ensure the safe and effective continued use of antibiotics in the management of critically important diseases.
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Sholberg, Peter, Colleen Harlton, Julie Boulé i Paula Haag. "Fungicide and Clay Treatments for Control of Powdery Mildew Influence Wine Grape Microflora". HortScience 41, nr 1 (luty 2006): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.1.176.
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There is very little information on the interaction of wine grape microflora with fungicides used to control grape diseases. The objective of this study was to determine how fungicides used in a standard grape pest management program and an experimental clay being developed for control of powdery mildew affect grape microflora. Grape leaves and fruit were surveyed for bacteria, fungi and yeast six times over the growing season in 2000 after treatment with clay or fungicides. In 2001 only clay was studied for control of powdery mildew in `Chancellor' grapes. The total number of propagules present on untreated leaf and fruit tissue were 76% bacteria, 14% yeast, and 9% fungi. Fungicides used for grape disease control significantly reduced epiphytic fungi (P < 0.0001), bacteria (P = 0.03), and yeast (P = 0.0001) on grape berries and epiphytic fungi (P < 0.0001), and yeast (P = 0.03) on leaves. The clay treatment had no detectable effect on grape microflora because no significant differences were recorded between clay or untreated grape berries or leaves on any of the sampling dates. Over the growing season the fungicide spray program reduced incidence and severity of powdery mildew better than clay. Clay controlled powdery mildew on `Chancellor' fruit in 2000 and 2001.
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Lo, P., i V. C. Murrell. "Time of leafroller infestation and effect on yield in grapes". New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (1.08.2000): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3630.
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Leafroller (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) larvae damage grape bunches directly by feeding on the flowers berries and stalks Damaged berries can become infected by fungi such as Botrytis cinerea that cause diseases leading to further indirect yield losses In a field trial Chardonnay bunches were infested with lightbrown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana larvae at monthly intervals from December to March The greatest losses (12 of the fresh weight at harvest) occurred in bunches infested in December and March In December the main cause of loss of berries was direct feeding damage whereas by March indirect losses to disease outweighed those directly due to larvae Leafroller infestations up to January did not increase disease in bunches above the background level of infection In Hawkes Bay leafrollers have the greatest effect on yields from February onwards when infestation of vines increases greatly and berries become more susceptible to diseases
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Lastochkina, Seifikalhor, Aliniaeifard, Baymiev, Pusenkova, Garipova, Kulabuhova i Maksimov. "Bacillus Spp.: Efficient Biotic Strategy to Control Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables". Plants 8, nr 4 (12.04.2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8040097.
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: Postharvest diseases significantly reduce the shelf-life of harvested fruits/vegetables worldwide. Bacillus spp. are considered to be an eco-friendly and bio-safe alternative to traditional chemical fungicides/bactericides due to their intrinsic ability to induce native anti-stress pathways in plants. This review compiles information from multiple scientific databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, GoogleScholar, ResearchGate, etc.) using the keywords “postharvest diseases”, “Bacillus”, “Bacillus subtilis”, “biocontrol”, “storage”, “losses”, and “fruits/vegetables”. To date, numerous examples of successful Bacillus spp. application in controlling various postharvest-emerged pathogens of different fruits/vegetables during handling, transportation, and storage have been described in the literature. The mechanism/s of such action is/are still largely unknown; however, it is suggested that they include: i) competition for space/nutrients with pathogens; ii) production of various bio-active substances with antibiotic activity and cell wall-degrading compounds; and iii) induction of systemic resistance. With that, Bacillus efficiency may depend on various factors including strain characteristics (epiphytes or endophytes), application methods (before or after harvest/storage), type of pathogens/hosts, etc. Endophytic B. subtilis-based products can be more effective because they colonize internal plant tissues and are less dependent on external environmental factors while protecting cells inside. Nevertheless, the mechanism/s of Bacillus action on harvested fruits/vegetables is largely unknown and requires further detailed investigations to fully realize their potential in agricultural/food industries.
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Temple, Todd N., Virginia O. Stockwell, P. Lawrence Pusey i Kenneth B. Johnson. "Evaluation of Likelihood of Co-Occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with Mature Fruit of Winter Pear". Phytopathology® 97, nr 10 (październik 2007): 1263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-10-1263.
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Phytosanitary concerns about fire blight prohibit export of U.S.-grown pears to some countries without this disease. To examine these concerns, we evaluated the potential for co-occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with mature, symptomless winter pear fruit by inoculation experiments and by survey of commercial orchards. Immature pear and apple fruit were inoculated in orchards with E. amylovora strain 153N as resuspended lyophilized cells or as ooze from diseased tissues. Regardless of inoculum source, population size of Ea153N on fruit declined by an order of magnitude every 3 to 4 days during the first 2 weeks after inoculation; at 56 days after inoculation, Ea153N was not detected, except on 1 of 450 fruit with 4 colony forming units (CFU). After inoculation of flowers, calyx-end survival of Ea153N on pear and apple fruit declined from high populations at petal fall to a few cells at harvest, with no detection of the pathogen after a 7-week cold storage. Migration of Ea153N into symptomless pear fruit from diseased branches was evaluated by enrichment assay and nested polymerase chain reaction of internal fruit core tissues; these assays failed to detect the pathogen in healthy fruit from diseased trees. At harvest, E. amylovora could not be detected on 5,599 of 5,600 fruit of d'Anjou pear sampled from commercial orchards in major production areas of the Pacific Northwest; one fruit yielded 32 CFU of the pathogen. Postharvest, mature pear fruit contaminated with Ea153N and subsequently wounded required a dose of >10,000 cells at the wound site to allow for persistence of the pathogen through a 7-week-cold storage. We conclude that epiphytic E. amylovora shows similar survival characteristics on both pear and apple fruit, this pathogen is not an endophyte within mature symptomless pear fruit, its presence is exceptionally rare on commercially produced fruit, and that epiphytic survival of E. amylovora through a postharvest chilling period is unlikely given the unrealistically high population size required for persistence.
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Nix, Shannon, Leon L. Burpee i James W. Buck. "Responses of 2 epiphytic yeasts to foliar infection by Rhizoctonia solani or mechanical wounding on the phylloplane of tall fescue". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, nr 10 (październik 2009): 1160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-072.
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A growth-chamber experiment was conducted to determine how foliar disease or wounding affects the ability of 2 phylloplane yeasts ( Rhodotorula glutinis and Cryptococcus laurentii ) to colonize leaves of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ). Yeasts were applied separately and together onto healthy leaves, leaves infected with Rhizoctonia solani (diseased), and mechanically bruised (wounded) leaves. In all 3 trials, the leaf disturbance treatment significantly affected the abundance of yeast on the phylloplane of tall fescue. Yeast abundance on the diseased or wounded leaves was significantly greater than on the nontreated, healthy leaves. In 2 of the 3 trials, the yeast species applied also had a significant affect on yeast abundance. Typically, R. glutinis was significantly more abundant than C. laurentii when applied individually, but not significantly greater than the total yeast colony-forming units of the co-inoculated treatment. When the 2 yeasts were co-inoculated onto the leaves, R. glutinis comprised 89.7%, 75.4%, and 67.6% of the recovered yeast colony-forming units on healthy, diseased, and wounded leaves, respectfully. Our data suggest that these 2 species of yeasts will differentially colonize compromised leaf tissue with disease or wounds favoring populations of R. glutinis over C. laurentii.
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P, Vijayashalini, i Abirami P. "DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN ERATTI HILL, THAMARAIKARAI BEAT OF BARGUR RESERVE FOREST, WESTERN GHATS IN ERODE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, nr 10 (7.10.2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27905.
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Objective: This study was planned to document the medicinal plants in Eratti hill.Methods: The medicinal plants were collected during their flowering period from July to September. Voucher specimens of all medicinally valuable plants were collected, poisoned, dried, and mounted with voucher number following the conventional methods.Results: Survey of medicinal plants wealth of Eratti hill, Bargur reserve forest, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India, was carried out during 2016– 2018. 295 medicinal plant species belonging to 66 families were documented. Of these, the highest number of species belongs to the families were Asteraceae, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Lamiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Malvaceae, Mimosaceae, and Apocynaceae. Herbs held the dominant position followed by shrubs, trees, climbers, and epiphytes. The medicinal plants were used to treat various ailments such as skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, fever, colic pain, biliousness, wounds eczema, cardiac disorders, and eye diseases used by the Solagars, Lingayats, and Malayali tribals in the hill.Conclusion: Medicinal plants in Eratti hill play a significant role in primary health care of the ethnic people. This study provides knowledge about herbal treatment of the ethnic people and subsequent pharmacognostical and pharmacological investigations should be made to confirm their mode of preparations.
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Ås Hovind, Annie B., Nathan H. Phinney i Yngvar Gauslaa. "Functional trade-off of hydration strategies in old forest epiphytic cephalolichens". Fungal Biology 124, nr 10 (październik 2020): 903–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2020.07.008.
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PEI, Pengbing, Yang CHEN, Shaohong DENG, Xiaojuan LIU, Mingqi ZHONG, Qi LIN i Hong DU. "Analysis of the bacterial community composition of the epiphytes on diseased Gracilaria lemaneiformis using PCR-DGGE fingerprinting technology". Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 25, nr 5 (2018): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1118.2018.17429.
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Karabulut, Ozgur Akgun, Joseph L. Smilanick, Franka Mlikota Gabler, Monir Mansour i Samir Droby. "Near-Harvest Applications of Metschnikowia fructicola, Ethanol, and Sodium Bicarbonate to Control Postharvest Diseases of Grape in Central California". Plant Disease 87, nr 11 (listopad 2003): 1384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.11.1384.
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The yeast Metschnikowia fructicola, ethanol, and sodium bicarbonate (SBC), alone or in combinations, were applied to table grapes on vines 24 h before harvest to control the incidence of postharvest diseases. In four experiments, all significantly reduced the total number of decayed berries caused by Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria spp., or Aspergillus niger after storage for 30 days at 1°C followed by 2 days at 20°C. In three experiments, a mean gray mold incidence (caused by B. cinerea) of 34.2 infected berries per kilogram among untreated grape was reduced by Metschnikowia fructicola at 2 × 107 CFU/ml, ethanol at 50% (vol/vol), or SBC at 2% (wt/vol) to 12.9, 8.1, or 10.6 infected berries per kilogram, respectively. Ethanol, SBC, and SO2 generator pads were similarly effective. M. fructicola effectiveness was not improved when combined with ethanol or SBC treatments. Ethanol and yeast treatments did not harm the appearance of the grapes. M. fructicola and SBC left noticeable residues, and SBC caused some visible phytotoxicity to the rachis and berries. Ethanol applied at 50% (vol/vol) reduced epiphytic fungal and bacterial populations by about 50% compared with controls. M. fructicola populations persisted on berries during storage when applied alone or after ethanol treatments, whereas SBC reduced its population significantly.
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Pereyra, Martina María, Mariana Andrea Díaz, Fabricio Fabián Soliz-Santander, Anja Poehlein, Friedhelm Meinhardt, Rolf Daniel i Julián Rafael Dib. "Screening Methods for Isolation of Biocontrol Epiphytic Yeasts against Penicillium digitatum in Lemons". Journal of Fungi 7, nr 3 (25.02.2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030166.
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Worldwide, the green rot caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of the most aggressive postharvest diseases of lemons. Searching for sustainable alternatives to chemical fungicides, epiphytic yeasts as potential biocontrol agents were isolated from citrus fruits using a tailor-made selective medium. For disclosing their antagonistic potential against P. digitatum, obtained isolates were subjected to direct screening methods, both in vitro and in vivo. In the course of the primary in vitro screening that comprised dual culture assays, 43 yeast strains displaying antagonistic activities against the pathogen were selected. Subsequently, such strains were subjected to an in vivo screening that consisted of a microscale test, allowing the selection of six yeast strains for further analysis. In the final screening using macroscale in vivo tests, three strains (AcL2, AgL21, and AgL2) displaying the highest efficiencies to control P. digitatum were identified. The protection efficiencies in lemons were 80 (AcL2), 76.7 (AgL21), and 75% (AgL2). Based on sequence analysis of the PCR amplified D1/D2 domains of the 26S rRNA genes, they were identified as representatives of the species Clavispora lusitaniae. Interestingly, the strains exhibited a broad action spectrum among citrus fruits as they were also able to combat the green mold disease in grapefruit and two orange varieties. The direct screening methods applied in this study favored the recovery of efficient candidates for application as biological control agents to combat fungal infestations of citrus fruits.
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Verhaert, Kristien, Monika Rodriguez, Gloria Mendoza, Jose-Luis Delgadillo i Paul Casaer. "Polyarthritis and humeral epiphysial separation in an infant with acute disseminated histoplasmosis". Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 21, nr 4 (kwiecień 2002): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-200204000-00020.
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Zhang, Rui, Lirong Chang, Luyang Xiao, Xiaoyang Zhang, Qi Han, Nan Li, Suhelen Egan i Gaoge Wang. "Diversity of the epiphytic bacterial communities associated with commercially cultivated healthy and diseased Saccharina japonica during the harvest season". Journal of Applied Phycology 32, nr 3 (11.05.2020): 2071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-02025-y.
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Wensing, Annette, Sascha D. Braun, Petra Büttner, Dominique Expert, Beate Völksch, Matthias S. Ullrich i Helge Weingart. "Impact of Siderophore Production by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 on Epiphytic Fitness and Biocontrol Activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea 1a/96". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, nr 9 (5.03.2010): 2704–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02979-09.
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ABSTRACT The use of naturally occurring microbial antagonists to suppress plant diseases offers a favorable alternative to classical methods of plant protection. The soybean epiphyte Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93 shows great potential for controlling P. syringae pv. glycinea, the causal agent of bacterial blight of soybean. Its activity against P. syringae pv. glycinea is highly reproducible even in field trials, and the suppression mechanisms involved are of special interest. In this work we demonstrated that P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 produced a significantly larger amount of siderophores than the pathogen P. syringae pv. glycinea produced. While P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 and P. syringae pv. glycinea produce the same siderophores, achromobactin and pyoverdin, the regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the former organism is very different from that in the latter organism. The epiphytic fitness of P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 mutants defective in siderophore biosynthesis was determined following spray inoculation of soybean leaves. The population size of the siderophore-negative mutant P. syringae pv. syringae strain 22d/93ΔSid was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the wild type 10 days after inoculation. The growth deficiency was compensated for when wound inoculation was used, indicating the availability of iron in the presence of small lesions on the leaves. Our results suggest that siderophore production has an indirect effect on the biocontrol activity of P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93. Although siderophore-defective mutants of P. syringae pv. syringae 22d/93 still suppressed development of bacterial blight caused by P. syringae pv. glycinea, siderophore production enhanced the epiphytic fitness and thus the competitiveness of the antagonist.