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Василенко, L. Vasilenko, Губернова i M. Gubernova. "Human Resources in the Context of Epidemic Social Processes". Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 3, nr 1 (10.02.2014): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2633.
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Issues of social epidemics and social diseases emergence in the context of new communications and contemporary global social-informational medium development
are discussed. serves as a basics for the analysis of new communications impact on human condition and social sphere is analyzed based on the
social self-organization, or social synergetics, theory as a methodological foundation. The global informational environment has accumulated enormous
collective intellect.
Ever-growing intellectual resources create principally new non-equilibrium environment for social communications. Non-equilibrium itself brings about and
prompts risks of mass natural phenomena and epidemic processes in the social medium. Self-organization is a spontaneous process going on without any
outer managerial efforts. Self-organization facilitates spontaneous growth of individuals’ mobility and creates potential for counteraction to public administration.
Mass diffusion of ideological or religious cults, movements, ideas, technological innovations, fashions, games of luck, alcohol and drug abuse — all
these have epidemic character. Specifics of social epidemic processes are highlighted: multivariability of destructive impact on the social and economic fabric
of society, relationship of social epidemics to economic crises, etc. Destructive epidemic processes can be stopped with social therapy methods and “vaccination”
against information viruses, including techniques fo nurturing moral and intellectual foundation of personality. M. Gladwell’s approach to counter social epidemics
is shown as promising (stickiness factor, the law of the few, force of circumstances).
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Hutchinson, Dale L., i Jeffrey M. Mitchem. "Correlates of contact: Epidemic disease in archaeological context". Historical Archaeology 35, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03374384.
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Pometti Benítez, Kevin. "Clima, salud pública y sociedad: causas, gestión y efectos de la fiebre amarilla en la Barcelona de 1821". Cuadernos de Estudios del Siglo XVIII, nr 29 (17.12.2019): 247–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/cesxviii.29.2019.247-277.
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RESUMENLa epidemia de fiebre amarilla que tuvo lugar en Barcelona en 1821 estuvo condicionada por la confluencia de causas endógenas y exógenas, ambientales y humanas, que fueron favorables al arraigo de una epidemia importada que generó serias repercusiones sobre la sociedad de su época. Por este motivo, en este artículo analizamos las particularidades del contexto ambiental que precedieron al inicio de la epidemia y que imperaron marcando las pautas propicias tanto para su desarrollo como para su progresiva extinción atendiendo, además, a lascondiciones de insalubridad que imperaban en la urbe. Por otra parte, centramos nuestra atención en las medidas que se implementaron en materia de salud pública para la gestión epidémica tanto para detectar su efectividad como sus repercusiones a nivel social, institucional, económico. Otro punto de interés reside en contrastar las condicionesambientales con las defunciones registradas en los puntos de observación habilitados para la contención de las personas infectadas por la fiebre amarilla.PALABRAS CLAVEFiebre amarilla, Barcelona, enfermedades vectoriales, salud pública, epidemias, clima. TITLEClimate, public health and society: causes, management and effects of Yellow Fever epidemic in Barcelona in 1821ABSTRACTThe Yellow Fever epidemic that took place in Barcelona in 1821 was a consequence of the confluence of endogenous and exogenous factors, human and environmental causes, which were favourable for the development of an imported disease that had deleterious effects over the society at that time. Because of that, in this paper we analyse the particularities of the environmental context that preceded the start of the epidemic and during its prevalence. Attending also to the insalubrity causes that characterized the city. Moreover, we centre our attention into analysing the sanitation politics applied by the authorities and medical institutions to evaluate the effectivity of those measures and to detect the repercussions over the society, the institutions and the economy. Another point of interest resides in to contrast the environmental conditions with the dead reports recovered from the observation points fitted out by authorities to contain the people affected by the epidemic.KEY WORDSYellow Fever, Barcelona, Vector Diseases, Public Health, Epidemics, Climate.
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Loeffler-Wirth, Henry, Maria Schmidt i Hans Binder. "Covid-19 Transmission Trajectories–Monitoring the Pandemic in the Worldwide Context". Viruses 12, nr 7 (20.07.2020): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12070777.
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The Covid-19 pandemic is developing worldwide with common dynamics but also with marked differences between regions and countries. These are not completely understood, but presumably, provide a clue to find ways to mitigate epidemics until strategies leading to its eradication become available. We describe an iteractive monitoring tool available in the internet. It enables inspection of the dynamic state of the epidemic in 187 countries using trajectories that visualize the transmission and removal rates of the epidemic and in this way bridge epi-curve tracking with modelling approaches. Examples were provided which characterize state of epidemic in different regions of the world in terms of fast and slow growing and decaying regimes and estimate associated rate factors. The basic spread of the disease is associated with transmission between two individuals every two-three days on the average. Non-pharmaceutical interventions decrease this value to up to ten days, whereas ‘complete lock down’ measures are required to stop the epidemic. Comparison of trajectories revealed marked differences between the countries regarding efficiency of measures taken against the epidemic. Trajectories also reveal marked country-specific recovery and death rate dynamics. The results presented refer to the pandemic state in May to July 2020 and can serve as ‘working instruction’ for timely monitoring using the interactive monitoring tool as a sort of ‘seismometer’ for the evaluation of the state of epidemic, e.g., the possible effect of measures taken in both, lock-down and lock-up directions. Comparison of trajectories between countries and regions will support developing hypotheses and models to better understand regional differences of dynamics of Covid-19.
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Zhang, Yujia, Zuwang Chu i Dongdong Song. "Review of the Law Popularizing Education on Administrative Compulsion in Response to Major Epidemic Situations in China". Sustainability 14, nr 11 (3.06.2022): 6853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116853.
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The popularization of education on the administrative compulsion law in response to major epidemic situations in China refers to the educational activities carried out by an educational subject aimed at an educational object promoting understanding and mastery of knowledge of administrative compulsion. The goal is to improve the government’s legal ability to prevent and control behavior, enhance people’s awareness of the rule of law, and provide a strong legal basis for the rule of law in the context of major epidemics. Other aims are to cultivate citizens’ legal beliefs, restrain citizens’ conduct, and maintain a stable social order. However, problems arise in the subject, content, and mode of the educational activities. Therefore, we need to discuss compulsory education in the context of major epidemic situations, including the need for a favorable educational environment, the strengthening of information distribution, and the guidance of public opinion on administrative enforcement. We should also improve education subjects to enhance the legal quality of administrative organs, perfect the education content, encourage people to support administrative compulsion in epidemic situations, and deliver education in campus online classes.
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Az, Adem, i Zeynep Afra Akbıyık-Az. "Contact Tracing in the Context of COVID-19: Ethical Issues and Assessment". Klimik Dergisi/Klimik Journal 34, nr 1 (2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36519/kd.2021.04.
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The COVID-19 outbreak spread like a forest fire in the first quarter of 2020. Until September, more than 26 million people were affected by this epidemic. It has been 9 months since the first case was seen. However, a curative treatment method or vaccine has not been developed yet. Today, the only approach that can prevent the outbreak is classical epidemic control approaches such as hygiene, case isolation, contact tracing and quarantine. Contact tracing aims to reduce the spread of the epidemic by trying to analyze the potential transmission routes of the infection at the individual level. In addition, it will be possible to prevent official measures such as the curfew taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading. However, when considering ways of communication between people, the epidemic knows no boundaries. Mobile applications and artificial intelligence can be successful in analyzing this contact chain. Even if protecting human life is the highest degree moral duty, these methods contain many ethical problems. The most violated ethical values because of these practices are privacy, confidentiality of information, civil freedom and autonomy. In this study, we will try to analyze the ethical problems that arise with contact tracing mobile applications in the context of COVID-19.
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Siegenfeld, Alexander F., Pratyush K. Kollepara i Yaneer Bar-Yam. "Modeling Complex Systems: A Case Study of Compartmental Models in Epidemiology". Complexity 2022 (29.10.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3007864.
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Compartmental epidemic models have been widely used for predicting the course of epidemics, from estimating the basic reproduction number to guiding intervention policies. Studies commonly acknowledge these models’ assumptions but less often justify their validity in the specific context in which they are being used. Our purpose is not to argue for specific alternatives or modifications to compartmental models, but rather to show how assumptions can constrain model outcomes to a narrow portion of the wide landscape of potential epidemic behaviors. This concrete examination of well-known models also serves to illustrate general principles of modeling that can be applied in other contexts.
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Herek, Gregory M. "The Social Context of an Epidemic". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 32, nr 12 (grudzień 1987): 1004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/026573.
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Homicskó, Árpád. "The issues of managing the epidemic situation in the health care system in Hungary". Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 56, nr 2 (2022): 515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns56-33689.
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In my study, I intend to explore the impact of the current epidemic situation on the health care system in Hungary. To this end, the legal environment applicable to the epidemic situation and the measures related to the health care system in the context of the epidemic situation will be presented. I think that in the 21st century and beyond, it will be increasingly important to deal with emerging epidemics, to which all countries must be able to respond appropriately. Managing the epidemic situations effectively and appropriately is in the interest of society as a whole. Furthermore, public health considerations are essential, and every country has to enhance efforts to fight epidemics. In the 21st century, states still have to consider their task to provide the necessary financial resources to combat epidemics. Health care systems should be suitable to meet public health and epidemiological considerations and the demands of general patient care.
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Kamalrathne, Thushara, Dilanthi Amaratunga, Richard Haigh, Lahiru Kodituwakku i Chintha Rupasinghe. "Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Response in a Multi-Hazard Context: COVID-19 Pandemic as a Point of Reference". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, nr 9 (19.09.2024): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091238.
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Infectious diseases manifesting in the form of epidemics or pandemics do not only cause devastating impacts on public health systems but also disrupt the functioning of the socio-economic structure. Further, risks associated with pandemics and epidemics become exacerbated with coincident compound hazards. This study aims to develop a framework that captures key elements and components of epidemic and pandemic preparedness and response systems, focusing on a multi-hazard context. A systematic literature review was used to collect data through peer-reviewed journal articles using three electronic databases, and 17 experts were involved in the validation. Epidemiological surveillance and early detection, risk and vulnerability assessments, preparedness, prediction and decision making, alerts and early warning, preventive strategies, control and mitigation, response, and elimination were identified as key elements associated with epidemic and pandemic preparedness and response systems in a multi-hazard context. All elements appear integrated within three interventional phases: upstream, interface, and downstream. A holistic approach focusing on all interventional phases is required for preparedness and response to pandemics and epidemics to counter their cascading and systemic effects. Further, a paradigm shift in the preparedness for multi-hazards during an epidemic or pandemic is essential due to the multiple challenges posed by concurrent hazards.
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Shachar, Carmel, Tess Wise, Gali Katznelson i Andrea Louise Campbell. "Criminal Justice or Public Health: A Comparison of the Representation of the Crack Cocaine and Opioid Epidemics in the Media". Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 45, nr 2 (3.12.2019): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8004862.
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Abstract Context: The opioid epidemic is a major US public health crisis. Its scope prompted significant public outreach, but this response triggered a series of journalistic articles comparing the opioid epidemic to the crack cocaine epidemic. Some authors claimed that the political response to the crack cocaine epidemic was criminal justice rather than medical in nature, motivated by divergent racial demographics. Methods: We examine these assertions by analyzing the language used in relevant newspaper articles. Using a national sample, we compare word frequencies from articles about crack cocaine in 1988–89 and opioids in 2016–17 to evaluate media framings. We also examine articles about methamphetamines in 1992–93 and heroin throughout the three eras to distinguish between narratives used to describe the crack cocaine and opioid epidemics. Findings: We find support for critics' hypotheses about the differential framing of the two epidemics: articles on the opioid epidemic are likelier to use medical terminology than criminal justice terminology while the reverse is true for crack cocaine articles. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that race and legality may influence policy responses to substance-use epidemics. Comparisons also suggest that the evolution of the media narrative on substance use cannot alone account for the divergence in framing between the two epidemics.
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Meldrum, Marcia L. "The Ongoing Opioid Prescription Epidemic: Historical Context". American Journal of Public Health 106, nr 8 (sierpień 2016): 1365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303297.
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Le Vu, Minh Ngoc, Anh Linh Do, Laurent Boyer, Quy Chi Tran, Stefan Kohler, Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Andreea Molnar i in. "A Review of the Effectiveness, Feasibility, and Acceptability of Art Therapy for Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 18 (15.09.2022): 11612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811612.
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Art therapy has been widely offered to reduce symptoms of psychological disturbance. Pooled evidence about its effectiveness in epidemic contexts, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, has not been yet established. This study reviewed the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of art therapy on children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and past epidemics. We searched PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), and CINAHL for articles on art therapy during COVID-19. Included studies reported improvements in measures of mental health, sleep quality, and psychological well-being in children with or without disabilities in the epidemic context. Results also showed that art therapy was highly feasible and accepted by children and adolescents as well as their families during epidemics in reviewed studies. Art therapy can be effective at improving various aspects of mental health, sleep quality, and psychological well-being. More empirical evidence is needed with larger sample sizes and longer duration of interventions.
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Qiu, Zhengyang, Moziyan Zhang i Ruoye Zhang. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Logistics in Context of Regression Analysis". BCP Business & Management 38 (2.03.2023): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.3838.
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Since 2020, the epidemic has significantly affected China’s development in several different areas. As a result of the epidemic’s shifting circumstances, numerous industries have seen diverse transformations. On the other hand, the logistics sector has grown as a result of the epidemic, for instance, as consumers rely increasingly on e-commerce platforms for their purchasing. Still, it has also been impacted by national legislation. This study examines the relationship between several logistics indicators and the number of new cases added to the epidemic in order to provide an overview of the logistics industry’s growth process in the context of the epidemic (reflecting the changes in the epidemic). In this research, some indicators that mainly reflect the overall efficiency of logistics during the epidemic (e.g., LPI, Storage index, E-Logistics index, and Freight rate, as well as the number of new and accumulated confirmed cases of the epidemic), were collected and collated to represent the trend of the epidemic, and correlation and comparative analysis were conducted to obtain the specific consequences of COVID-19 on the logistics industry. A typical example is isolation control which results in a dramatic decline in the freight volume of road transportation. These results can help the logistics industry to determine the development direction and plan under the epidemic and find the development trend of the overall market through this paper.
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Bai, Fan. "Applications of the Delay Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (DSSA) in Mathematical Epidemiology". Mathematics 10, nr 20 (12.10.2022): 3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10203759.
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The calculation of the probability of a minor outbreak is crucial in analyzing a stochastic epidemic model. For stochastic epidemic models with fixed delays, the linear chain trick is applied to transform the delayed models into a family of ODE models with increasing shape parameters. We then prove that the well-established results on the probability of a minor outbreak for continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) epidemic models also hold for the stochastic epidemic models with fixed delays. All theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations implemented by the delay stochastic simulation algorithm (DSSA) in Python. It is shown that DSSA is able to generate exact realizations for underlying delayed models in the context of mathematical epidemiology, and therefore, provides insights into the effect of delays during the outbreak phases of epidemics.
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Kreuder-Sonnen, Katharina. "Epidemiological state-building in interwar Poland: discourses and paper technologies". Science in Context 32, nr 1 (marzec 2019): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889719000036.
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ArgumentThe paper argues that epidemic surveillance and state-building were closely interconnected in interwar Poland. Starting from the paper technology of weekly epidemiological reporting it discusses how the reporting scheme of Polish epidemics came into being in the context of a typhus epidemic in 1919–20. It then shows how the statistics regarding nation-wide epidemics was put into practice. It is only when we take into account these practices that we can understand the epidemiological order the statistics produced. The preprinted weekly report form registered Jews and Christians separately. Yet, the imagined national epidemiological space that emerged from it hardly took notice of this separation. Rather, the category that differentiated Polish epidemiological space in medical discourse was the capacity of contributing to the state-making practices of epidemic surveillance. This category divided Poland into two regions: a civilized and modern western region and a backward and peripheral eastern region.
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AVCI, Halil Ersin. "British involvement and epidemic diseases during the 1908 – 1914 Hajj Pilgrimage: Evidence from British Documents". London Journal of Social Sciences, nr 5 (30.06.2023): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/ljss.2023.5.94.
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This study examines the role of British involvement and the impact of epidemic diseases during the Hajj pilgrimage from 1908 to 1914. Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of British documents, the research sheds light on the extent of British engagement and its repercussions on the spread and management of epidemics within the context of the Hajj. By exploring the documented evidence, including official reports and correspondence, this paper offers valuable insights into the British perspective and its influence on the dynamics of epidemic diseases during this critical period. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the historical interplay between colonial powers and the challenges posed by epidemic outbreaks during religious gatherings.
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SOUTY, C., R. JREICH, Y. LE STRAT, C. PELAT, P. Y. BOËLLE, C. GUERRISI, S. MASSE, T. BLANCHON, T. HANSLIK i C. TURBELIN. "Performances of statistical methods for the detection of seasonal influenza epidemics using a consensus-based gold standard". Epidemiology and Infection 146, nr 2 (6.12.2017): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881700276x.
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SUMMARYInfluenza epidemics are monitored using influenza-like illness (ILI) data reported by health-care professionals. Timely detection of the onset of epidemics is often performed by applying a statistical method on weekly ILI incidence estimates with a large range of methods used worldwide. However, performance evaluation and comparison of these algorithms is hindered by: (1) the absence of a gold standard regarding influenza epidemic periods and (2) the absence of consensual evaluation criteria. As of now, performance evaluations metrics are based only on sensitivity, specificity and timeliness of detection, since definitions are not clear for time-repeated measurements such as weekly epidemic detection. We aimed to evaluate several epidemic detection methods by comparing their alerts to a gold standard determined by international expert consensus. We introduced new performance metrics that meet important objective of influenza surveillance in temperate countries: to detect accurately the start of the single epidemic period each year. Evaluations are presented using ILI incidence in France between 1995 and 2011. We found that the two performance metrics defined allowed discrimination between epidemic detection methods. In the context of performance detection evaluation, other metrics used commonly than the standard could better achieve the needs of real-time influenza surveillance.
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Jiang, Hongwei. "An Analysis and Research on Ways to Enhance the Identification of Traditional Chinese Culture in the Context of Cross-Cultural Communication". Journal of Theory and Practice of Social Science 4, nr 02 (28.02.2024): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53469/jtpss.2024.04(02).03.
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Any nation can only establish cultural self-confidence and national self-confidence by scrupulously abiding by its own cultural identity. A nation without cultural identity and cultural self-confidence is difficult to survive and develop in the increasingly fierce international competition. Cultivating and establishing cultural identity and cultural self-confidence is the cornerstone of a nation's development and progress. At present, we are facing a crisis of Chinese traditional cultural identity. In the current cross-cultural communication context, it is our urgent task to speed up the establishment of the Chinese traditional cultural identity. There are two ways to enhance the Chinese traditional cultural identity. Most of the epidemics from the 19th century to the 20th century were caused by the health environment, such as plague, cholera, and smallpox. To this end, Macau promulgated a series of environmental improvement systems, such as the "Urban Improvement Report" in 1883, the "Epidemic Prevention Regulations" and the "Epidemic Prevention Regulations" in 1894, and the later improved "New Epidemic Prevention Regulations". A series of measures to improve the sanitation environment, such as streets, rebuilding old houses, building new toilets, cleaning houses, cleaning sewers and planting plants to improve climate and air. In addition, in response to the characteristics of different epidemics, corresponding environmental control measures have been made, such as installing rodent-proof siphons at sewers during the plague outbreak.
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Mikulec, Anna, i Marek Zborowski. "Problem głodu na świecie w świetle pandemii COVID-19". Sztuka Leczenia 37, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/18982026szl.22.016.16675.
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Głód nadal stanowi poważny i dotkliwy, problem na świecie. Nawet podczas pandemii COVID-19 większy odsetek ludzi umiera z głodu niż z powodu koronawirusa. Czy zatem czeka nas nowa epidemia, tym razem głodu, na świecie? Celem pracy było przedstawienie obecnej sytuacji związanej z brakiem bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego na świecie w aspekcie trwającej jeszcze pandemii COVID-19. Należy spodziewać się, że w najbliższych latach będziemy zmuszeni mierzyć się z ogromnym kryzysem humanitarnym. W związku z powagą problemu przed całą ludzkością stoi dziś zadanie mające na celu zapobiegnięcie rozprzestrzenianiu się epidemii głodu na świecie. ABSTRACT The problem of hunger in the world in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic Hunger continues to be a serious and pressing problem in the world. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, more people are dying of hunger than of the coronavirus. So, are we going to face a new epidemic, this time of hunger, in the world? The aim of the study was to present the current situation related to the lack of food security in the world in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It is to be expected that in the coming years we may face a huge humanitarian crisis and that all mankind is facing a sentence today aimed at preventing the spread of the hunger epidemic in the world.
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Ejembi, C. L., E. P. Renne i H. A. Adamu. "The politics of the 1996 cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic in Nigeria". Africa 68, nr 1 (styczeń 1998): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161150.
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The 1996 cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic in Nigeria exemplified a medical situation that was linked with political concerns at the local, national, and international levels. It is argued that these political aspects must be understood, as they have implications for the treatment of future outbreaks. This article examines local attempts to stem the epidemic, on the basis of participant observation and epidemiological data collected from the north of Kaduna State. The epidemic is then considered in the national context: general deterioration of the health care system associated with economic decline, a national structural adjustment programme and crisis of political leadership. The local and national contexts of the 1996 epidemic are related to the view, held by many Nigerians, that reports of the epidemic's severity and the subsequent Saudi ban on Nigerians making the pilgrimage to Mecca reflected international politics, particularly the uneasy relations between the Nigerian, Saudi Arabian, and US governments, as well as health concerns. The article concludes with some recommendations for a national policy and for community health initiatives that take the politics and economics of cerebrospinal meningitis immunisation and treatment into account.
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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Catherine Grant, Santiago Ripoll, Tabitha Hrynick i Syed Abbas. "Introduction to the Special Issue". Anthropology in Action 29, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2022.290101.
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This special issue of Anthropology in Action presents a collection of articles that reflect on and analyse the role of social science in epidemic response. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed deep social and economic inequalities within and across countries which produce unequal COVID-19 outcomes. Researchers have long noted the connections between socioeconomic inequalities and infections, and there is growing recognition that epidemics are also social and political events (Bardosh et al. 2020). Anthropological and other social science research has contributed to epidemic response, through attention to cultural and politico-economic context, reframing community ‘resistance’, bolstering community engagement in preparedness and response, and informing response activities, including risk communication (Abramowitz 2017; Bardosh et al. 2020). Despite this, much of the work has been ad hoc and not systematically integrated into the systems of epidemic response, with the exception of the Centres d’Analyses des Sciences Sociales (CASS) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This special issue is timely, in that it builds on foundational work in social science and epidemic response, draws on tensions and experience from recent epidemics including COVID-19 and Ebola, and charts a way forward at both a theoretical and a practical level.
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Becker, Alexander D., Susan H. Zhou, Amy Wesolowski i Bryan T. Grenfell. "Coexisting attractors in the context of cross-scale population dynamics: measles in London as a case study". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, nr 1925 (22.04.2020): 20191510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1510.
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Patterns of measles infection in large urban populations have long been considered the paradigm of synchronized nonlinear dynamics. Indeed, recurrent epidemics appear approximately mass-action despite underlying heterogeneity. However, using a subset of rich, newly digitized mortality data (1897–1906), we challenge that proposition. We find that sub-regions of London exhibited a mixture of simultaneous annual and biennial dynamics, while the aggregate city-level dynamics appears firmly annual. Using a simple stochastic epidemic model and maximum-likelihood inference methods, we show that we can capture this observed variation in periodicity. We identify agreement between theory and data, indicating that both changes in periodicity and epidemic coupling between regions can follow relatively simple rules; in particular we find local variation in seasonality drives periodicity. Our analysis underlines that multiple attractors can coexist in a strongly mixed population and follow theoretical predictions.
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Prilutskiy, Aleksandr. "Vaccination vs Microchipping: Triggers of Eschatological Mythology in the Context of Anti-Epidemic Measures". Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, nr 3 (21.07.2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v107.
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The coronavirus epidemic and anti-epidemic measures, such as quarantine restrictions on social activity, wide use of disinfectants, requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, as well as changes in church liturgy, rituals and sacraments lead to the creation of medical conspiracy myths. This article analyses two most important conspiracy mythologemes that are formed as a result of a conspiracy interpretation of the epidemic: the vaccination mythologeme and the microchipping mythologeme. The author proceeds from the assumption that modern eschatological conspiracy myths are based on the original non-eschatological myth, which provided a rational non-religious hermeneutics of epidemics. The eschatological version of the vaccinophobic conspiracy myth is formed on the basis of a non-eschatological conspiracy as a result of medical conspiracy theories merging with the modern version of the technophobic myth. The invariant core of the latter consists of mythologemes and mythotheologemes that interpret modern technologies within the framework of eschatological semiotics. As a result of convergence, these mythologemes form a single mythotheological complex, which, in turn, becomes a trigger for a new eschatological mythology. The paper analyses the semantic structure of this mytho-theological complex, its semiotic features, pragmatic potential and reasons for its popularity. The research was carried out within the framework of a semiotic and hermeneutic study of mythological discourse applying the method of categorical semiotics. As illustrations the author used fragments of original texts posted on conspiracy websites devoted to eschatological issues.
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Huang, Jiaqi. "Linguistic Conformity Theory and the Characteristics of Epidemic Prevention and Control Slogans". BCP Education & Psychology 10 (16.08.2023): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v10i.5229.
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From the standpoint of "language conformity theory," this study investigates the characteristics of epidemic prevention and control slogans. We analyze and summarize the characteristics of the slogans from the three communicative contexts of linguistic conformity theory: physical, social, and psychological contexts. The selection and conformity of the communicative context of epidemic prevention and control slogans allow them to better serve the development of epidemic prevention and control works, reflect the role of the slogans in calling for public health events, and thus better realize the publicity effect and social mobilization function of the slogans.
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Bonde, Jens Peter Ellekilde, i Eira Viikari-Juntura. "The obesity epidemic in the occupational health context". Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 39, nr 3 (15.04.2013): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3362.
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Timimi, S. "Diagnosis of autism: Current epidemic has social context". BMJ 328, nr 7433 (24.01.2004): 226—a—226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7433.226-a.
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Huizer, Yvonne L., Marleen M. Kraaij-Dirkzwager, Aura Timen, Tjerk Jan Schuitmaker i Jim E. van Steenbergen. "Context analysis for epidemic control in the Netherlands". Health Policy 119, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.10.004.
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Yang, Sen, i Wuyong Qian. "Effect of government subsidies on supply chain decision-making and coordination in the context of COVID-19". RAIRO - Operations Research 55, nr 3 (maj 2021): 1885–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021089.
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Considering the two-stage supply chain composed of a leading retailer and a manufacturer under the background of covid-19 epidemic, the retailer determines the anti-epidemic effort level and bears the corresponding costs, and the manufacturer determines the cost sharing rate under the coordination strategy. This paper analyzes the pricing decision, anti-epidemic effort level and cost sharing rate of supply chain under different government subsidy measures and coordination strategies. From the perspective of Stackelberg game, we find that under the background of epidemic situation, government subsidies can improve the level of social welfare; the improvement of marginal income of anti-epidemic efforts is conducive to obtain a higher level of anti-epidemic efforts and social welfare; Within the reasonable marginal revenue range of anti-epidemic efforts, the coordination strategy can improve the retailers’ anti-epidemic efforts and social welfare level, and the government can obtain the maximum anti-epidemic efforts and social welfare level by subsidizing manufacturers with cost sharing.
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Probert, W. J. M., S. Lakkur, C. J. Fonnesbeck, K. Shea, M. C. Runge, M. J. Tildesley i M. J. Ferrari. "Context matters: using reinforcement learning to develop human-readable, state-dependent outbreak response policies". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, nr 1776 (20.05.2019): 20180277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0277.
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The number of all possible epidemics of a given infectious disease that could occur on a given landscape is large for systems of real-world complexity. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that the control actions that are optimal, on average, over all possible epidemics are also best for each possible epidemic. Reinforcement learning (RL) and Monte Carlo control have been used to develop machine-readable context-dependent solutions for complex problems with many possible realizations ranging from video-games to the game of Go. RL could be a valuable tool to generate context-dependent policies for outbreak response, though translating the resulting policies into simple rules that can be read and interpreted by human decision-makers remains a challenge. Here we illustrate the application of RL to the development of context-dependent outbreak response policies to minimize outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease. We show that control based on the resulting context-dependent policies, which adapt interventions to the specific outbreak, result in smaller outbreaks than static policies. We further illustrate two approaches for translating the complex machine-readable policies into simple heuristics that can be evaluated by human decision-makers. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’. This theme issue is linked with the earlier issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’.
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Denisenko, Viktor V., i Anna V. Aleshukina. "Mathematical model of the spread of COVID-19 in the rostov region for 2020–2022". Medical academic journal 2, nr 2 (6.11.2022): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj108663.
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BACKGROUND: In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, there is a need for forecasting tools that enables us to predict the possible epidemic consequences and evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic control. Mathematical modeling can serve as such a tool.
AIM: The Aim is to present a mathematical model of the spread of COVID-19 in the Rostov Region for 20202022. To be more precise, the aim is to forecast how the number of people infected, recovered, hospitalized and died from the epidemic of the new coronovirus will change over this period of time.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The modeling of the epidemics was based on the extended SEIR model proposed by R. Neyer et al. for forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic and implemented as a freely available web application.
RESULTS: The model under consideration made it possible to forecast the volume of hospitalization and the number of deaths in the course of COVID-19 epidemic in the Rostov region for 20202022.
CONCLUSIONS: The performed simulations demonstrated the capabilities the considered SEIR model for forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic. It was found that the number of hospitalized patients for the entire period covered by the model does not exceed the capabilities of the health care system of the Rostov Region.
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Cerón, Alejandro. "Anthropology of Epidemics in Emergency and Normal Times in Guatemala". Practicing Anthropology 39, nr 4 (1.09.2017): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.39.4.6.
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Studying epidemics provides a privileged window for examining broader questions of social inequalities and the ways in which institutions reproduce or transform them. However, focusing just on the epidemic crisis during emergencies fails to acknowledge that the very definition of an epidemic depends on the work of epidemiologists during the times when there are no ongoing declared epidemic emergencies. During the inter-crisis periods, epidemiologists work on defining what will count as an epidemiological emergency in the future and how it will be addressed. At the same time, epidemiologists' work is defined by the dominant ideologies of epidemiology in a specific context. Therefore, in order to understand the epidemiologic crisis, one should also study epidemiologic work in normal times and the underlying ideologies that define it. In this paper, I contrast the work of Guatemalan epidemiologists during epidemic crisis and in “normal” times. I argue that both kinds of work are linked through the ideologies of epidemiology they embody.
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SAGNANE, SAIKOU OUMAR. "Hegemonic Knowledge and Situated Knowledge". Journal of International Students 14, nr 2 (21.12.2023): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i2.6385.
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What is power? What is knowledge? What is the link between power and knowledge? This paper interrogates the relationship between knowledge and power in the context of Guinea's epidemic crises and political events. It draws on observational data collected during the Ebola epidemic (2013-2016), the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2022), and the ongoing military transition in the country since September 2021. The article first looks at the conception of the relationship between power and knowledge in decolonial literature and the writings of Amadou Hampâté Bâ. The text then describes this relationship in the context of the Ebola and Covid-19 epidemics, and in the ongoing political transition. Finally, the analysis provides an epistemological reflection on knowledge-situated in Guinea to rethink the conceptual and empirical research perspective on the production and circulation of (academic) knowledge in the country's knowledge ecology.
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Fan, Chao, Yue Zhuang i Yangyang Qian. "Tight or Loose: Analysis of the Organization Cognition Process of Epidemic Risk and Policy Selection". Sustainability 16, nr 10 (8.05.2024): 3949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16103949.
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In the context of Disease X risks, how governments and public health authorities make policy choices in response to potential epidemics has become a topic of increasing concern. The tightness of epidemic prevention policies is related to the effectiveness of the implementation of measures, while the organizational cognition of epidemic risks is related to the rationality of policy choices. During the three years of COVID-19, the Chinese government constantly adjusted the tightness of its prevention policies as awareness of the epidemic risk improved. Therefore, based on the epidemic risk organizational cognition model, the key nodes that affect the tightness of epidemic prevention policies can be explored to find the organizational behavior rules behind the selection of prevention policies. Firstly, through observing the adjustments made to the Chinese government’s prevention strategies during the epidemic, a time-series cross-case comparative analysis reveals how policy tightness shifted from stringent to lenient. This shift coincided with the organizational cognition of epidemic risk evolving from vague to clear. Secondly, by building the “knowledge-cognition” coordinate system to draw the organizational cognition spiral of epidemic risk, it is clear that the changes in the tightness of the prevention policies mainly came from the internalization and externalization of knowledge such as epidemic risk characteristics to promote the level of organizational cognition, which is manifested as expansion and deepening. Thirdly, the node changes in the interaction between organizational cognition development and policy choice proved that different stages of the epidemic had diverse environmental parameters. Moreover, as the epidemic nears its end, the focus of policy tightness is shifting from policy objectives to policy implementation around governance tools. The results indicate that organizational cognition of epidemic risk exhibits significant stages and periodicity. Additionally, epidemic risk characteristics, environmental coupling, and governance tools are crucial factors in determining the tightness of epidemic prevention policies.
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Kolomietz, V. M. "Efficiency and forecasting of specialized medical care for children and adolescents in the stabilization of the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in the context of epidemics/pandemics". Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, nr 1 (27.02.2022): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-1-76-81.
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Introduction. The incidence rates regulated by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation have been achieved in the Russian Federation, but the epidemic situation for tuberculosis in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic remains tense, Primarily due to lockdowns, tuberculosis examinations, especially for children and adolescents, may be reduced.The purpose of the study. Analysis of the effectiveness of preventive measures among children and adolescents in the context of ongoing COVID-19 and predicted other epidemics/pandemics.Materials and methods. The statistical data of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the region over the past 30 years and its own scientific research in the region are considered. The results of clinical and laboratory-instrumental methods for detecting tuberculosis in children and adolescents are analyzed.Results. The article examines the effectiveness of providing medical care for tuberculosis to children and adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are no trends to the deterioration of the epidemic situation, but there is a decrease in the volume and narrowing of the focus of anti-tuberculosis anti-epidemic measures carried out by the anti-tuberculosis service.Conclusions. Taking into account these features of the functioning of the TB service in the conditions of possible predicted other epidemics/pandemics, it is necessary to reorganize the system of providing TB care to children and adolescents with a change/expansion of its functions and material and technical base. A promising option for the intensification of such assistance in the context of pandemics is the integration of its implementation by all health services for the prevention of socially significant infectious diseases.
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Ripoll, Santiago, Annie Wilkinson, Syed Abbas, Hayley MacGregor, Tabitha Hrynick i Megan Schmidt-Sane. "A Framework for Social Science in Epidemics". Anthropology in Action 29, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2022.290102.
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In epidemic preparedness and response, it is now commonly accepted that insights from social science disciplines are important in shaping action. Unfortunately, the role of social science is often confined to risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) efforts. In this article, we propose an analytical framework that would allow researchers and practitioners from different disciplines to employ social science insights to enrich their understanding of epidemics and formulate more effective and sustainable responses. The framework goes beyond simply unpacking social, political, economic and cultural dimensions of context; it situates disease itself – as it is shaped by the contexts in which it circulates – and views it in dynamic relation to response. It also explores how different individuals, social groups and institutions shift their knowledge and practices during an epidemic through power-laden processes of dialogue and learning, or even through silencing and side-lining. It is our hope that this framework will enable responders to engage more deeply and systematically with the contexts of emergencies, so as to ensure activities are more adaptive to local dynamics.
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Nakaya, Tomoki, Kazumasa Hanaoka i Shohei Nagata. "Space-time mapping of historical plague epidemics in modern Osaka, Japan". Abstracts of the ICA 1 (15.07.2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-267-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In modern times Japan, large-scale epidemics of infectious diseases such as cholera and plague were repeatedly introduced from major cities with ports. Osaka, along with Kobe, is the earliest city in the country to have plague epidemics at that age. To consider the counter measures of such epidemics, epidemic reports were often edited to record the details of the epidemic trends with individual records of infected persons. In case of the plague epidemics in Osaka city, the three-volume set of the Second Osaka Prefectural Report of Plague Epidemics (hereafter, the Plague Epidemic Report) was compiled and published in 1909. According to this report, the plague epidemics prevailed in the city between 1899 and 1900 and between 1905 and 1907. Especially in November 1907, the number of cases exceeded 220 which was the largest number of monthly incidences in the city.</p><p>This study aims to digitally reconstruct the spatio-temporal sequences of the city-wide historical plague epidemics at the individual level from September 1906 to the end of December 1907, recorded in the Plague Epidemic Report, by using a geographic information system (GIS). We examine the possibilities of visual understanding about the geographical processes of the plague epidemics in the city through space-time mapping of the historical materials of the disease in a GIS environment. The database and visualized space-time features of the epidemics would be useful for theoretical studies of infectious disease epidemiology with spatial dimension, since it is not easy to obtain such detailed individual data of infected persons in a city-wide extent at present days due to privacy protection policies. In addition, this study may highlight the old city structure of Osaka in modern times through the epidemic sequences. This may contribute to the studies of historical geography as well as those of Digital Humanities in a wider context.</p><p>We developed the GIS-based space-time database of plague cases as follows. Firstly, we digitally archived the Plague Epidemic Report by scanning the entire pages including Figures and Tables. Secondly, we built a database of cases from the scanned list of plague case lists with their attributes including id number, the date of onset, the reason and date of identification, the disease type, address, location of discovery, occupation, sex, age and others. Thirdly, geographical coordinates of the occurrence location were identified as the points drawn in the 1&thinsp;:&thinsp;20,000 scale maps included in the Plague Epidemic Report with the aid of GIS-based geo-referencing. At the result, the records of 661 cases with the geographical coordinates were established. In addition, we construct other geographical information in the Plague Epidemic Report, such as the aggregated numbers of caught rats carrying the plague by police box regions over the city. It would be interesting to note that the distribution of plague cases is almost consistent with the distribution of the number of infected rats.</p><p>Using the spatiotemporal database developed here, we conduct the mapping of plague cases in a space-time cube setting (Figure 1). Each black dot in the figure represents one infected case with the geographical locations and timing (temporal locations) defined by his/her onset day-counts after 13 Sep 1906 when the first case in the list appeared. We enhanced the visualization of space-time point distribution by using space-time kernel density estimation as shown in Figure 2 including two iso-surfaces of high (coloured in red) and middle (coloured in blue) density domains. We developed a tool for ArcGIS Pro (ESRI Inc.) combined with R (R Core Team) to generate the space-time iso-surfaces of densities. The tool enables us to create a web-based interactive digital content of the historical epidemic.</p><p>It is noteworthy that the case attribute in the database included relationships with other recorded cases. Figure 2 has the lines showing the relationships between the cases. While most of them are short and almost vertically stand meaning that infections were occurred in a limited geographical extent, there are also long-length lines indicating that local outbreaks at different locations were connected by the person-to-person contacts, possibly reflecting possibly commuting networks at that age. We intend to argue how the plague epidemics spread in the city by associating the space-time sequences of infection with the demographic and socioeconomic attributes of the cases in the context of modern Osaka.</p>
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Sharifi, Vandad, i Atefeh Mohammadjafari. "Screening for Mental Health Problems in Epidemics: Is It Justifiable?" Archives of Iranian Medicine 24, nr 8 (1.08.2021): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2021.91.
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Background: Given the overwhelming mental health consequences of infectious epidemics, timely identification and treatment of people with mental health problems is essential. In this narrative review, screening instruments and procedures for identification of mental health problems at the time of epidemic crises are reviewed and the results are discussed in the context of our experience in the recent COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Methods: Forty studies were retrieved from searches in several databases which used screening procedures for identification of mental health conditions during infectious epidemics. Results: Studies were performed on three groups of health care workers, at-risk general population, and patients with confirmed/ suspected infection, using a wide range of instruments. Most have used screening instruments for the purpose of prevalence estimation and only 5 have included it as a health intervention while none has investigated its effectiveness. Conclusion: The evidence base for screening at the time of epidemics is weak. If it is used to identify the needs and enhance help seeking, the screening instruments should have adequate psychometric properties; moreover, their integration in the available services is strongly recommended. Original studies are needed to investigate the usefulness of mental health screening programs in crises such as the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Sun, Wanxu. "Analysis of China's economic response in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic". BCP Business & Management 38 (2.03.2023): 3010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.4228.
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At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in a big way and soon spread across the world. Among other things, another pressing concern for the entire society is how the outbreak will affect the national economy. One of the main areas of study in today's society is how the epidemic will affect the economy. Researchers have investigated the significant impact of the Chinese economy on the New Crown epidemic, yet current explanations of the impact are rather scattered. Therefore, the effect of the epidemic on China's real economy serves as the study's central focus. In this paper, GDP data is collected and analyzed in a comparative manner. The results show that the real economy was severely affected by the decline in GDP due to the epidemic. At the same time, the article discusses fiscal and monetary policies and analyses how solutions can help people and businesses.
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Malinverni, Cláudia, Jacqueline Isaac Machado Brigagão i Angela Maria Belloni Cuenca. "The production of health news by the press: the context of the coverage of the 2007/2008 yellow fever epidemic". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, nr 7 (2022): 2817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.18312021en.
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic scenario raises the amplification of the debate around the production and circulation of information about epidemics. In this sense, the objective of this article is to discuss how social contexts shape the news, taking as an example the case of the news coverage that transformed an epizootic of yellow fever, in the summer of 2007/2008, into an epidemic of urban yellow fever. This is a qualitative research with journalists who worked in two large circulation newspapers and actively participated in the coverage of the event. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and submitted to discourse analysis, which allowed the identification of three factors that influenced the production of a media epidemic of yellow fever: the working conditions and the modus operandi of the newsrooms; the political-ideological dimension of the newspapers; and the difficulties of translation of technical-scientific information. A critical understanding of the production process of the journalistic text can contribute to the construction of communication strategies that minimize the circulation of misinformation on public health in traditional media (newspapers, magazines, radio, TV and news portals).
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Marchenko, Konstantyn, Oleh Oryshaka i Anzhelyka Marchenko. "Information Security Challenges in the Context of the Epidemic". Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, nr 3(34) (październik 2020): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).22-31.
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The article reviewed the informational causes of diseases and the peculiarities of the influence of the mass media on human consciousness during epidemics. The aim of the research is to study the patterns of the impact of information on the human condition during epidemics and to develop safety measures when interacting with information. The impact of information on people during epidemics is increasing. The media are the main sources of information for the general consumer. Analysis of the media supplied shows that the media is destructive. The pressure on the end-user can be indirectly described by the number of messages per topic relative to the size of the news sample. Everyone has their own unique information system, In case of manipulative manipulation of the consumer, the information is prepared in order to penetrate the mind. Malicious information introduced into the mind is a Trojan virus, a Trojan program designed to change the programs that operate in the information system of the addressee. An unprotected mind is both a portal for the introduction of artificial information and a key tool for the realization of the manipulator’s goals and plans. Information viruses affect the workings of human psychic programs, which are used to deliberately reprogram human behavior through suggestion, zombie. The content of the human information system affects both health and quality of life. As the administrator of your own information system, a person needs to install network filters with rules for distinguishing between data and programs, restrict access to incoming data and access to their software. Based on the proposed approach, the following recommendations can be made to the consumer of the information: to assume the role of administrator of their information system, to be responsible for its state of affairs; filter incoming information for usability, verify data before use; respect the principle of constructive information. Information should be useful, help to solve problems, empower people and defuse tensions; avoid redundancy, information overload when the quality of filtration and security is reduced; carry out continuous background scanning and regular cleansing of its information system, identifying redundant, false information and destructive behaviour programmes; use a channel with an individual unique frequency for information exchange.
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丁, 思琪. "Investigation on People’s Fitness in the Context of Epidemic". Advances in Physical Sciences 09, nr 03 (2021): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aps.2021.93063.
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Duffy, M. A., J. H. Ochs, R. M. Penczykowski, D. J. Civitello, C. A. Klausmeier i S. R. Hall. "Ecological Context Influences Epidemic Size and Parasite-Driven Evolution". Science 335, nr 6076 (29.03.2012): 1636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1215429.
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Shikfa, Abdullatif, Melek Önen i Refik Molva. "Privacy and confidentiality in context-based and epidemic forwarding". Computer Communications 33, nr 13 (sierpień 2010): 1493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2010.04.035.
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Zou, Zhihua. "Budweiser's Digital Transformation in the Context of the Epidemic". BCP Business & Management 38 (2.03.2023): 1417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.3909.
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The COVID-19 epidemic has plagued the world in recent years, causing drastic changes in people's lifestyles. Beer is the third beverage in global sales after water and tea. Simultaneously, the digital economy is fast evolving. Many organizations are undertaking digital transformation. This essay focuses on how Budweiser is transforming digitally to achieve profitable growth in the post-epidemic era. Through the competitor analysis, environmental analysis, and SWOT analysis, this piece examines the company's competitiveness and development potential. This report offers Budweiser viable solutions to aid with its digital transition. COVID-19 has had a significant impact on numerous industries; therefore, businesses should have a better grasp of themselves and the industry in which they operate. "Know the enemy and know yourself," as the Chinese proverb goes, "and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat." Companies can only go to the next stage if they completely understand themselves, their competitors, and the macro-environment.
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Zhang, Yu, Jiayu Li i Xiaoping Jiang. "Household Physical Activity for Adults in the Context of the Pandemic: A Systematic Review". Sustainability 14, nr 22 (17.11.2022): 15257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215257.
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Background: People were isolated at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and were restricted from going outside, leaving them with the option of physical activity at home. The purpose of this paper is to examine how home isolation during an epidemic changes adult lifestyle and health behaviors and the role of physical activity during home isolation in improving adult dysphoria. Methods: Four major databases were searched and the 21 final included papers on home physical activity during the epidemic were evaluated. The literature was analyzed and evaluated using generalization, summarization, analysis, and evaluation methods. The findings revealed that home isolation during the epidemic changed the lifestyle and physical activity behavior of adults. Participation in physical activity varied among different levels of the population during home isolation for the epidemic. In addition, physical activity in home isolation during the epidemic helped improve adults’ poor mood. The negative impact of prolonged home isolation on the health of the global population cannot be ignored, and more encouragement should be given to diversified indoor physical activities to maintain physical and mental health. In addition, there is a need to develop more personalized technology tools for physical activity supervision regarding use.
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Blavatskyy, Serhiy. "THE PECULIARITIES OF COVERAGE OF THE TYPHUS EPIDEMIC IN EASTERN GALICIA (1919–1920s) IN THE UKRAINIAN PRESS". Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, nr 11(29) (2021): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2021-11(29)-7.
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The article makes an attempt to elucidate the specificity of coverage of epidemics, specifically the typhus epidemic in the Eastern Galicia during 1919–1920s in the Ukrainian-language interwar press. The object of the research is the Ukrainian mainstream press of Galicia (the social-democratic newspaper Vpered (Lviv) and the Ukrainian émigré press in the USA (the newspaper Svoboda (Jersey City). The study aims to elucidate peculiarities of epidemic communications in the editorial bent of the Ukrainian press, in particular narratives, functional direction, and approaches to the typhus epidemic coverage in different print media. The Research Methodology: bibliographical heuristics, logical methods, functional analysis, diachronic comparative analysis, narrative configuration in qualitative analysis (D. Polkinghorne (1995). The main results/findings: the common and different approaches, narratives and functions in the typhus epidemic coverage have been elucidated on the basis of the analysis of corpus of the West Ukrainian and émigré press. This research shows commonality of informative function as well as divergence of preventive function on the example of the typhus epidemic communications during 1919–1920s by the different Ukrainian periodicals of that time. Research novelty/originality: We have elucidated a focal place of grand-narrative of victimization in the editorial policies of the researched Ukrainian-language press. The conclusions have been drawn and the research avenues have been put forward, in particular in the context of modern media studies of epidemic communications in the Ukrainian media. Keywords: the Ukrainian mainstream press; newspaper; Vpered; Svoboda; the Polish periodicals; coverage; epidemic; typhus; epidemic communications; victimization grand-narrative; 1919–1920s; Eastern Galicia; Poland.
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Harding, Nathan, Ramil Nigmatullin i Mikhail Prokopenko. "Thermodynamic efficiency of contagions: a statistical mechanical analysis of the SIS epidemic model". Interface Focus 8, nr 6 (19.10.2018): 20180036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0036.
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We present a novel approach to the study of epidemics on networks as thermodynamic phenomena, quantifying the thermodynamic efficiency of contagions, considered as distributed computational processes. Modelling SIS dynamics on a contact network statistical-mechanically, we follow the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle to obtain steady-state distributions and derive, under certain assumptions, relevant thermodynamic quantities both analytically and numerically. In particular, we obtain closed-form solutions for some cases, while interpreting key epidemic variables, such as the reproductive ratio of a SIS model, in a statistical mechanical setting. On the other hand, we consider configuration and free entropy, as well as the Fisher information, in the epidemiological context. This allowed us to identify criticality and distinct phases of epidemic processes. For each of the considered thermodynamic quantities, we compare the analytical solutions informed by the MaxEnt principle with the numerical estimates for SIS epidemics simulated on Watts–Strogatz random graphs.
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Xu, Shimi, Xiao Han i Xueru Zhang. "America’s “Narrative of Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic” in “Post-truth” Context". Asian Social Science 20, nr 1 (31.01.2024): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v20n1p21.
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Some US politicians and media, driven by the zero-sum Cold War mentality, ideological bias, and domestic political needs, have made no effort to politicize, stigmatize, and label the epidemic with the “post-truth” narrative logic of “promoting values and belittling the epidemic” in order to hide the institutional impotence and political incompetence exposed by the epidemic response and mitigate the impact of the comparison between “China’s governance” and “chaos in the United States.” The U.S. narrative of fighting COVID-19 was based on fabrications, fallacies, and hegemonic construction, which involved scapegoating others and assigning blame. The US “anti-epidemic narrative” is essentially a weapon to use fallacies to cut reality, fabricate history with lies, and suppress China with hegemony. The “anti-epidemic narrative” of the US is that it is dissatisfied with everything about China, regards China as being behind the times, and is hostile to both the Communist Party and Marxism. It is a denial of China’s strategy, direction, and system. The best method to combat the global public health crisis is to improve global public health governance, increase international cooperation against COVID-19, jointly build a “Silk Road for health,” and create a community of health for all people. Additionally, they contribute to revising the US “narrative against COVID-19.”
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Dervişoğlu, Efnan. "Reşat Nuri Güntekin'in Bir Uzun Öyküsü: "Salgın"". Göç Dergisi 7, nr 2 (23.10.2020): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v7i2.700.
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Küresel bir salgının bütün dünyayı etkilediği 2020 günlerinde, büyük salgınları anlatan edebiyat yapıtları yeniden gündeme geldi; salgın konulu çeşitli okuma listeleri düzenlendi. İnsanı ve insanla ilgili her şeyi konu alan edebiyatın, tıpkı savaşlar ve göçler gibi büyük yıkımlara yol açan salgınları da ele alıp yansıttığı bilinir çünkü. Türk ve dünya edebiyatında bunun örneklerine rastlamak mümkündür. Reşat Nuri Güntekin’in 1935-1936 yıllarında Perşembe dergisinde tefrika edilen “Salgın” adlı uzun öyküsü de bu kapsamda değerlendirilmesi gereken edebiyat ürünlerinden biridir. Bu makale, Güntekin’in “Salgın” öyküsüne odaklanmakta ve öykünün sunduğu veriler ışığında yazarın eleştirel tavrını ortaya koymaktadır. Öyküde salgının, ücra bir köy olan Karlıbel’de gözlenen belirtileri ve gelişimi, mektup türünün olanaklarından yararlanılarak ortaya konur. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHA Long Story By Reşat Nuri Güntekin: "Epidemic" In those days of 2020, when a global epidemic affected the whole world, literary works describing major epidemics came to the agenda and various reading lists were organized on the subject of the epidemic. It is known that literature which deals with human and everything related to this subject, also deals with epidemics that cause great destruction just like wars and migrations. Examples of this can be found both in Turkish and world literature. The long story titled “Epidemic” by Reşat Nuri Güntekin, which was published in the magazine "Persembe", between the years 1935-1936, is one of the literary works that should be evaluated in this context. This article focuses on Güntekin's story "Epidemic" and, reveals the critical attitude of the author in the light of the info provided in the story. In this story, the symptoms and development of the epidemic observed in a pathless village Karlıbel, are revealed by making use of the possibilities of the letter type.