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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Epibenthos”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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1

Chiantore, Mariachiara, Simon F. Thrush, Valentina Asnaghi i Judi E. Hewitt. "The multiple roles of β-diversity help untangle community assembly processes affecting recovery of temperate rocky shores". Royal Society Open Science 5, nr 8 (sierpień 2018): 171700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171700.

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Metacommunity theory highlights the potential of β-diversity as a useful link to empirical research, especially in diverse systems where species exhibit a range of stage-dependent dispersal characteristics. To investigate the importance of different components and scales of β-diversity in community assembly, we conducted a large-scale disturbance experiment and compared relative recovery across multiple sites and among plots within sites on the rocky shore. Six sites were spread along 80 km of coastline and, at each site, five plots were established, matching disturbed and undisturbed quadrats. Recovery was not complete at any of the sites after 1 year for either epibenthos (mostly composed of macroalgae and, locally, mussels) or infauna. Significant differences in recovery among sites were observed for epibenthos but not for infauna, suggesting that different community assembly processes were operating. This was supported by epibenthos in the recovering plots having higher species turnover than in undisturbed sediment, and recovery well predicted by local diversity, while infaunal recovery was strongly influenced by the epibenthic community's habitat complexity. However, infaunal community recovery did not simply track formation of habitat by recovering epibenthos, but appeared to be overlain by within-site and among-site aspects of infaunal β-diversity. These results suggest that documenting changes in the large plants and animals alone will be a poor surrogate for rocky shore community assembly processes. No role for ecological connectivity (negative effect of among-site β-diversity) in driving recovery was observed, suggesting a low risk of effects from multiple disturbances propagating along the coast, but a limited resilience at the site scale to large-scale disturbances such as landslides or oil spills.

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Stephenson, Fabrice, Aileen C. Mill, Catherine L. Scott, Nicholas V. C. Polunin i Clare Fitzsimmons. "Experimental potting impacts on common UK reef habitats in areas of high and low fishing pressure". ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, nr 6 (23.02.2017): 1648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx013.

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Abstract Impacts of mobile fishing gears on habitat and benthos have been well-documented; in contrast, less studied physical impacts of static fishing gear on benthic habitats are still debated. Pot fishing, is a growing sector in the UK and evidence of any impacts is needed to inform management. This study simulated high intensity experimental pot fishing on the epibenthos of two common UK reef habitats in Northumberland, UK. Single tethered pots were fished in intensively and lightly fished areas over the course of 2 months. Within each area, three experimental sites and control sites were surveyed before and after fishing using photoquadrats (n = 240 per 290 m2 site) collected by scuba divers. PERMANOVA analysis indicated no evidence of epibenthic species abundances decreasing due to physical crushing or abrasion from potting on either intensively or lightly fished reefs. A shift in community composition over time was detected but was attributed to natural change as epibenthos in control sites shifted similarly. Experimental pot impacts far exceeded those of the local commercial pot fishery, providing relevant evidence for statutory governing bodies revisiting current fisheries management. Results are applicable across Western Europe due to the selection of habitats with abundant and commonly distributed benthic species.

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3

Dulenina, P. A., i N. V. Kolpakov. "SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MACROEPIBENTHOS IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE NORTHWESTERN TATAR STRAIT". Izvestiya TINRO 199 (3.12.2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2019-199-3-18.

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Dredgе survey (177 stations) was conducted in the northwestern Tatar Strait (northward from 48° N) at the depths 14–82 m in summer 2018 (from July 21 to August 7). In the dredge catches, 76 species and taxa of benthic invertebrates are recorded, including 42 epibenthic species, mainly Ophiura sarsi, Evasterias echinosoma, Strongylocentrotus pallidus, Paralithodes brevipes, Cucumaria japonica, P. camtschaticus, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, and S. intermedius. The areas of their aggregations are determined. The largest area was occupied by the settlements of polyphagous S. pallidus (5100 km22 at the depths 30–60 m). Specific biomass of epibenthos is calculated, its average value within the surveyed area was 21.5 ± 2.0 g/m2. Depth ranges of the species domination are defined. The dominant species changed with latitude: in the southern part of the survey, Paralithodes camtschaticus dominated with the biomass of 5.1 ± 4.4 g/m2 in the upper 20 m layer (48–49° N), replaced at the depth of 20–30 m by P. brevipes (22.2 ± 14.2 g/m2 between 48–49° N) or C. japonica (28.2 ± 3.0 g/m2 between 49–50° N), both species changed deeper to S. pallidus (4.3 ± 1.1 g/m2); in the northern part of the survey (50–51° N), S. intermedius dominated in the upper 30 m layer with the biomass of 14.7 ± 9.5 g/m2, Mizuhopecten yessoensis (9.7 ± 6.2 g/m2 ) and Evasterias echinosoma (5.1 ± 1,0 g/m2 ) prevailed in the depth range of 30–40 m and were replaced by S. pallidus (18.0 ± 9.5 g/m2) below 50 m; in the northernmost shallow tip of the Strait, Ophiura sarsi dominated absolutely with the biomass of 13.0 ± 1.1 g/m2) in the whole depth range down to 30 m. The greatest species richness and abundance of epibenthos were observed at the depths not exceeding 40 m. Statistically significant decreasing of quantitative parameters of the epibenthos with the depth is observed because of the bottom temperature and topical diversity declination with depth. However, environmental conditions have no significant impact on latitudinal distribution of abundance, wealth and species diversity of the epifauna in the surveyed area. The grouping of epibenthos with specific species structure that could be classified as the circumlittoral one is defined in the upper shelf zone in the northernmost area with the depth < 30 m (somewhere < 40 m).

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4

Dorschel, B., J. Gutt, D. Piepenburg, M. Schröder i J. E. Arndt. "The influence of the geomorphological and sedimentological settings on the distribution of epibenthic assemblages on a flat topped hill on the over-deepened shelf of the western Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean)". Biogeosciences 11, nr 14 (21.07.2014): 3797–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3797-2014.

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Abstract. Epibenthos communities play an important role in the marine ecosystems of the Weddell Sea. Information on the factors controlling their structure and distribution are, however, still rare. In particular, the interactions between environmental factors and biotic assemblages are not fully understood. Nachtigaller Hill, a newly discovered seabed structure on the over-deepened shelf of the northwest Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean), offers a unique site to study these interactions in a high-latitude Antarctic setting. Based on high-resolution bathymetry and georeferenced biological data, the effect of the terrain and related environmental parameters on the epibenthos was assessed. At Nachtigaller Hill, both geomorphological and biological data showed complex distribution patterns, reflecting local processes such as iceberg scouring and locally amplified bottom currents. This variability was also generally reflected in the variable epibenthos distribution patterns although statistical analyses did not show strong correlations between the selected environmental parameters and species abundances. By analysing the interactions between environmental and biological patterns, this study provides crucial information towards a better understanding of the factors and processes that drive epibenthos communities on the shelves of the Weddell Sea and probably also on other Antarctic shelves.

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5

Dorschel, B., J. Gutt, D. Piepenburg, M. Schröder i J. E. Arndt. "The influence of the geo-morphological and sedimentological settings on the distribution of epibenthic assemblages on a flat topped hill on the over-deepened shelf of the Western Weddell Sea". Biogeosciences Discussions 11, nr 1 (23.01.2014): 1631–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1631-2014.

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Abstract. Epibenthos communities play an important role in the marine ecosystems of the Weddell Sea. Information on the factors controlling their structure and distribution are, however, still rare. Especially the interactions between environmental factors and biotic assemblages are not fully understood. Nachtigaller Hill, a newly discovered seabed structure on the over-deepened shelf of the Northwest Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean), offers a unique site to study these interactions in a high-latitude Antarctic setting. Based on high-resolution bathymetry, geo-referenced biological data, the effect of the terrain and related environmental parameters on the epibenthos was assessed. At Nachtigaller Hill, both geo-morphological and biological data showed complex distribution patterns, reflecting local processes such as iceberg scouring and locally amplified bottom currents. This variability is also generally reflected in the variable epibenthos distribution patterns although statistical analyses did not show strong correlations between the selected environmental parameters and species abundances. By analysing the interactions between environmental and biological patterns, this study provides crucial information towards a better understanding of the factors and processes that drive epibenthos communities on the shelves of the Weddell Sea and probably also on other Antarctic shelves.

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6

Feder, Howard M., Stephen C. Jewett i Arny Blanchard. "Southeastern Chukchi Sea (Alaska) epibenthos". Polar Biology 28, nr 5 (15.12.2004): 402–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0683-4.

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7

Service, M., i B. H. Magorrian. "The Extent and Temporal Variation of Disturbance to Epibenthic Communities in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77, nr 4 (listopad 1997): 1151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400038686.

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Side-scan sonar and underwater video were used to determine the impact of a trawl fishery on an epibenthic community associated with the horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus in a Northern Ireland sea lough. The presence of marks caused by trawl otter-boards on the sediments could be clearly seen using side-scan sonar and changes to the epibenthos are described from the video survey. It is apparent from the side-scan sonar survey that changes have occurred in the structure of the superficial sediments on heavily trawled areas. However, there was no clear indication of temporal changes. The utility of side-scan sonar coupled with GIS techniques to detect temporal and spatial effects is discussed.

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8

Reiss, Henning, i Ingrid Kröncke. "Seasonal variability of epibenthic communities in different areas of the southern North Sea". ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, nr 6 (1.01.2004): 882–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.06.020.

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Abstract Between November 2000 and May 2002, epibenthos was sampled monthly with a 2-m beam trawl at three stations along a transect from the southern German Bight towards the northeastern part of the Dogger Bank (North Sea) in order to investigate the seasonal variability of the epibenthic communities. The stations were chosen to reflect a gradient in the hydrigraphic regime, organic matter supply, and fishing effort. The epibenthic community of the southern German Bight was characterized by high biomass and abundance, dominated by Asterias rubens and Ophiura albida. In contrast, at the northern stations in the Oyster Ground and at the Dogger Bank, epibenthic biomass and abundance were substantially lower and the dominant species were mainly crustaceans such as Corystes cassivelaunus, Liocarcinus holsatus, and Pagurus bernhardus. In terms of seasonal variability, mean abundance and biomass in the southern German Bight showed highest values in the summer months and lowest values in the winter months. A similar pattern, but less distinct, was observed in the Oyster Ground. But at the Dogger Bank the pattern was different, with highest abundance and biomass values in the winter months. The differences in spatial and temporal patterns are discussed in relation to differences in temperature, thermal stratification and fishing effort at the three study sites.

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9

Watson, Leslie A., Jonathan S. Stark, Glenn Johnstone, Erik Wapstra i Karen Miller. "Antarctic sea anemone distribution, abundance and relationships with habitat composition, community structure and anthropogenic disturbance". Antarctic Science 32, nr 3 (13.02.2020): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000567.

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AbstractUnderstanding the distribution, abundance and habitat preferences of species in the Southern Ocean provides a foundation for assessing the impacts of environmental change and anthropogenic disturbance on Antarctic ecosystems. In near-shore waters at Casey and Davis Stations, photoquadrat surveys were used to determine sea anemone distribution and abundance, habitat preferences, associations with other species and the impact of human disturbance on sea anemone distribution. Two distinct sea anemone morphotypes were found in this study: large sea anemones that require hard substrate for attachment and small, burrowing sea anemones found in muddy sediment. The large sea anemones were found in rocky habitats, with the exception of some sedimentary habitats where other biota were used as substrate. The large sea anemones were associated with a diverse community of epibenthic species found in rocky habitats. The burrowing sea anemones were associated with a less diverse assemblage of sediment-dwelling epibenthos. At Casey Station, sea anemones were more abundant in habitats adjacent to a former waste disposal site than at control sites. The reason for this is not yet known, but may be due to high organic matter inputs or, alternatively, a longer sea ice duration providing protection from ice scour.

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10

Hoffmann, E. "Effect of closed areas on distribution of fish and epibenthos". ICES Journal of Marine Science 57, nr 5 (październik 2000): 1310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0921.

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11

Watson, Douglas I., i David K. A. Barnes. "Quantifying assemblage distinctness with time: an example using temperate epibenthos". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 312, nr 2 (grudzień 2004): 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.07.013.

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12

Wall, Kara R., i Christopher D. Stallings. "Subtropical epibenthos varies with location, reef type, and grazing intensity". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 509 (grudzień 2018): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.09.005.

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13

Gutt, Julian, Elisabeth Helsen, Wolf Arntz i Alexander Buschmann. "Biodiversity and community structure of the mega-epibenthos in the Magellan area (South America)". Scientia Marina 63, S1 (30.12.1999): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.1999.63s1155.

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14

Reise, Karsten, i Ilse Bartsch. "Inshore and offshore diversity of epibenthos dredged in the North Sea". Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 25, nr 1-2 (maj 1990): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(90)90018-c.

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15

Schrijvers, J., M. G. Camargo, R. Pratiwi i M. Vincx. "The infaunal macrobenthos under East African Ceriops tagal mangroves impacted by epibenthos". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 222, nr 1-2 (kwiecień 1998): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(97)00144-5.

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16

Roberts, Louise, i Michael Elliott. "Good or bad vibrations? Impacts of anthropogenic vibration on the marine epibenthos". Science of The Total Environment 595 (październik 2017): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.117.

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17

Ragu�-Gil, J. M., J. Gutt, A. Clarke i W. E. Arntz. "Antarctic shallow-water mega-epibenthos: shaped by circumpolar dispersion or local conditions?" Marine Biology 144, nr 5 (1.05.2004): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1269-3.

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18

Iken, K., F. Mueter, J. M. Grebmeier, L. W. Cooper, S. L. Danielson i B. A. Bluhm. "Developing an observational design for epibenthos and fish assemblages in the Chukchi Sea". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 162 (kwiecień 2019): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.11.005.

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19

Xie, Wenjing, i Shu Gao. "Invasive Spartina alterniflora-induced factors affecting epibenthos distribution in coastal salt marsh, China". Acta Oceanologica Sinica 32, nr 2 (luty 2013): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0280-x.

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20

Koch, V., i M. Wolff. "Energy budget and ecological role of mangrove epibenthos in the Caeté estuary, North Brazil". Marine Ecology Progress Series 228 (2002): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps228119.

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21

Wakwabi, Enock O., i Jan Mees. "THE EPIBENTHOS OF THE BACKWATERS OF A TROPICAL MANGROVE CREEK (TUDOR CREEK, MOMBASA, KENYA)". Netherlands Journal of Zoology 49, nr 3 (1.09.1999): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854299505696.

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Wakwabi, Enock O., i Jan Mees. "The Epibenthos of the Backwaters of a Tropical Mangrove Creek (Tudor Creek, Mombasa, Kenya)". Netherlands Journal of Zoology 49, nr 3 (1999): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854299x00146.

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Rees, H. L., R. Waldock, P. Matthiessen i M. A. Pendle. "Surveys of the epibenthos of the Crouch Estuary (UK) in relation to TBT contamination". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000241.

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The estuary of the River Crouch, south-east England, as sampled annually by beam trawl between 1987 and 1989, and again in 1992. The aim of an initial transect survey was to describe and quantify the subtidal epifauna at a time of high ambient tributyltin (TBT) concentrations, arising from the use of tin-based anti-fouling paints on the hulls of moored pleasure craft. Subsequent surveys at representative stations sought to examine the progress of any changes with time in animal populations in relation to a decline in concentrations of TBT in the environment, following a ban on the use of tin-based paints for smaller vessels in July 1987.

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24

Schrijvers, J., J. Okondo, M. Steyaert i M. Vincx. "Influence of epibenthos on meiobenthos of the Ceriops tagal mangrove sediment at Gazi Bay, Kenya". Marine Ecology Progress Series 128 (1995): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps128247.

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Gomez, Edgardo D. "SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE EPIBENTHOS IN A HIGHLY DISTURBED CORAL REEF COMMUNITY IN THE PHILIPPINES". Marine Research in Indonesia 20 (10.05.2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v20i0.379.

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Baseline studies on the marine benthic communities around the proposed site of the first nuclear power plant in the Philippines have indicated a highly disturbed coral reef community. The areas studied are all subtidal, mostly starting just below the littoral and having an average depth of five meters. The study consisted in taking a census with SCUBA of the epibiota in quadrats on transects laid out perpendicular to the shoreline. Results of the sampling during the dry season indicate a predominantly algal (Padina) community of low species diversity. Many of the conspicuous components of Philippine coral reefs are either absent or are present only in small numbers, e.g., hard and soft corals, crinoids, tridacnids, and colorful serpulids. Dynamite fishing is no doubt a major factor responsible for the condition of the dead reefs. Weather and erosion of the land areas with the resulting siltation have probably contributed to the poor condition of the reef communities as well.

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26

Vandendriessche, Sofie, Jozefien Derweduwen i Kris Hostens. "Equivocal effects of offshore wind farms in Belgium on soft substrate epibenthos and fish assemblages". Hydrobiologia 756, nr 1 (28.10.2014): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-1997-z.

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Hickling, Samuel, Jamie Matthews i James Murphy. "The suitability of alkali activated slag as a substrate for sessile epibenthos in Reef Cubes®". Ecological Engineering 174 (styczeń 2022): 106471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106471.

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Bergeron, P., i E. Bourget. "Shore topography and spatial partitioning of crevice refuges by sessile epibenthos in an ice disturbed environment". Marine Ecology Progress Series 28 (1986): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps028129.

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Callaway, R., GH Engelhard, J. Dann, J. Cotter i H. Rumohr. "A century of North Sea epibenthos and trawling: comparison between 19021912, 19821985 and 2000". Marine Ecology Progress Series 346 (27.09.2007): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07038.

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Jones, Kim K., Charles A. Simenstad, Duane L. Higley i Daniel L. Bottom. "Community structure, distribution, and standing stock of benthos, epibenthos, and plankton in the Columbia River Estuary". Progress in Oceanography 25, nr 1-4 (styczeń 1990): 211–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(90)90008-p.

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Kaminski, Michael A., Alfred Uchman i Andrew K. Rindsberg. "Arthrodendron maguricum n. sp., a new larger agglutinated foraminifer from the Eocene Magura flysch of the Polish Carpathians and its relationship to komokiaceans and trace fossils". Journal of Paleontology 84, nr 6 (listopad 2010): 1015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-029.1.

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Arthrodendron maguricum n. sp. is described from deep-sea flysch of the lower Eocene Życzanów Conglomerate Member of the Szczawnica Formation (Magura Unit) in the Polish Carpathians. Arthrodendron maguricum is a larger agglutinated foraminifer showing regular, tubular chambers that may branch dichotomously. Its wall is tripartite and composed of an outer organic-rich layer, a main agglutinated layer, and an internal organic-rich layer. The organism evidently lived as epibenthos on the muddy sea floor. Because of their branching morphology and comparatively large dimensions, larger agglutinated foraminifera of the genus Arthrodendron have previously been confused with algae and trace fossils. Care should be taken in such cases to resolve the agglutinated wall and chambers of this deep-water agglutinated foraminifer. Arthrodendron maguricum displays superficial similarities to some modern komokiaceans, especially to Septuma. Further investigations are needed for clarification of their affinities and possible taxonomic consequences.

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Lima Gardunho, Danilo Cesar, Cleidson Paiva Gomes, Claudia Helena Tagliaro i Colin Robert Beasley. "Settlement of an exotic oyster and other epibenthos on plastic substrates at a northern Brazilian mangrove island". Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 16, nr 1 (10.04.2012): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/bjast.v16n1.p41-51.

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Gutt, Julian, Anna Fricke, Nuria Teixidó, Michael Potthoff i Wolf E. Arntz. "Mega-epibenthos at Bouvet Island (South Atlantic): a spatially isolated biodiversity hot spot on a tiny geological spot". Polar Biology 29, nr 2 (13.07.2005): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-005-0012-6.

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34

Nike Bianchi, Carlo, Paul R. Dando i Carla Morri. "Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea". Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 2, nr 1 (17.06.2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2011.5314.

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Research on subtidal hydrothermal vent ecosystems at Milos, Hellenic Volcanic Arc (Aegean Sea), suggested that vent activity increased the species richness of sessile epibenthic assemblages. Based on 303 species found in 6 sites (3 close to vents, 3 farther away), the present paper uses correspondence analysis and species/samples curves to examine the species composition and richness of these assemblages. Differences due to vent proximity were more important than those due to bottom depth and distance from the shore. Diversity was confirmed to be higher near the vents, although none of the 266 species found at the vent sites can be considered as obligate vent-associated species. Seven different, although not mutually exclusive, hypotheses are discussed to explain the pattern of increased epibenthic species diversity at the vent sites, namely: (i) vents represent an intermediate disturbance, inducing mortality by the emission of toxic fluids; (ii) higher winter temperature allows for the occurrence of warm-water species, which add to the regional background; (iii) venting disrupts the homogeneity of the water bottom layer, increasing bottom roughness and hence habitat heterogeneity; (iv) deposition of minerals and enhanced bioconstruction by Ca enrichment increment habitat provision; (v) fluid emission induces advective mechanisms that favour recruitment; (vi) vents emit CO2, nutrients and trace elements that enhance primary productivity; and (vii) bacterial chemosynthesis add to photosynthesis to provide a diversity of food sources for the fauna.

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Bianchi, Carlo Nike, Paul R. Dando i Carla Morri. "Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea". Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 2, nr 1 (czerwiec 2011): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475721.2011.565804.

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Murray, Alexander G., i John S. Parslow. "Modelling of nutrient impacts in Port Phillip Bay — a semi-enclosed marine Australian ecosystem". Marine and Freshwater Research 50, nr 6 (1999): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98087.

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This paper overviews the ecosystem model developed for the Port Phillip Bay Environmental Study. The model simulates the cycling of N, P and Si in the water-column, epibenthos and sediments, and is driven by a physical transport model. The integrated model is forced by exchanges with Bass Strait and by nutrient inputs from the Western Treatment Plant, rivers, and the atmosphere. The model has been calibrated and tested by using data from process studies, flux measurements and spatial surveys at a range of scales. It provides a picture of nitrogen cycling through the water and sediments on bay-wide annual scales, which emphasizes the role of denitrification. It also reproduces well the observed spatial and temporal variation under varying nutrient load regimes, and provides insights into the factors controlling regional phytoplankton blooms, including the interaction of nitrogen and silica in the western bay. The model is used to investigate the bay’s responses to changed nutrient loads, changes in sediment biogeochemistry, and marine pest invasion. The bay’s assimilative capacity for nitrogen is largely controlled by its sediment denitrification capacity. If nitrogen loads approach the limits of this capacity, a rapid onset of eutrophication is predicted.

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37

Kruger, N., GM Branch, CL Griffiths i JG Field. "Changes in the epibenthos of Saldanha Bay, South Africa, between the 1960s and 2001: an analysis based on dredge samples". African Journal of Marine Science 27, nr 2 (październik 2005): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/18142320509504105.

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Walker, Simon J., Thomas A. Schlacher i Monika A. Schlacher-Hoenlinger. "Spatial heterogeneity of epibenthos on artificial reefs: fouling communities in the early stages of colonization on an East Australian shipwreck". Marine Ecology 28, nr 4 (grudzień 2007): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00193.x.

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Daniel, P. A., i A. I. Robertson. "Epibenthos of mangrove waterways and open embayments: Community structure and the relationship between exported mangrove detritus and epifaunal standing stocks". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 31, nr 5 (listopad 1990): 599–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(90)90015-j.

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Todaro, M. Antonio, Jeffrey Alejandro Sibaja-Cordero, Oscar A. Segura-Bermúdez, Génesis Coto-Delgado, Nathalie Goebel-Otárola, Juan D. Barquero, Mariana Cullell-Delgado i Matteo Dal Zotto. "An Introduction to the Study of Gastrotricha, with a Taxonomic Key to Families and Genera of the Group". Diversity 11, nr 7 (23.07.2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11070117.

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Gastrotricha is a group of meiofaunal-sized, free-living invertebrates present in all aquatic ecosystems. The phylum includes over 860 species globally, of which 505 nominal species have been recorded in marine sandy sediments; another 355 taxa inhabit the freshwater environments, where they are recurrent members of the periphyton and epibenthos, and, to a lesser degree, of the plankton and interstitial fauna. Gastrotrichs are part of the permanent meiofauna and, in general, they rank among the top five groups for abundance within meiobenthic assemblages. The diversity, abundance, and ubiquity of Gastrotricha allow us to suppose an important role for these animals in aquatic ecosystems; however, ecological studies to prove this idea have been comparatively very few. This is mainly because the small size and transparency of their bodies make gastrotrichs difficult to discover in benthic samples; moreover, their contractility and fragility make their handling and morphological survey of the specimens rather difficult. Here we offer an overview, describe the basic techniques used to study these animals, and provide a key to known genera in an attempt to promote easy identification and to increase the number of researchers who may be interested in conducting studies on this understudied ecological group of microscopic organisms.

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Cartes, Joan E., Pere Abelló, Domènec Lloris, Aina Carbonell, Pedro Torres, Francesc Maynou i Luis Gil de Sola. "Feeding guilds of western Mediterranean demersal fish and crustaceans: an analysis based in a spring survey". Scientia Marina 66, S2 (30.06.2002): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2002.66s2209.

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The MEDITS-99 sampling was performed along all the Iberian Peninsula coasts of the western Mediterranean (from the Alborán Sea to Cape Creus) in a space-scale of 1000 Km N-S, at depths ranging between 27-790 m. Fish and decapod crustaceans were dominant in the megafaunal compartment sampled by trawling. Based on both the fish and the decapod crustacean compositions, a comparison of trophic guilds has been attempted, with fish and decapods classified as: 1) migrator macroplankton feeders (mM), 2) non-migrator macroplankton feeders (nmM), 3) nektobenthos-suprabenthos feeders (NS), 4) epibenthos feeders (Epib), 5) large detritus-scavengers (Sca), 6) infaunal feeders (Inf), 7) deposit feeders (Dep) and 8) small detritivorous feeders (Det). Multivariate techniques showed the following differences in the trophodynamics of the megafaunal assemblages along the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula: 1) crustaceans (mainly decapods) have different trophic structures on the shelf and on the slope; 2) on the slope, fish exhibited more clear changes as a function of the geographical gradient than crustaceans; and 3) trophodynamics of bathyal fish showed some geographic variations between the Alborán Sea, the Catalano-Balearic Basin, and the Algerian Basin (Vera Gulf and Alicante sectors), with a progressive north-south increase in planktophagous species.

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Barnes, R. S. K. "The Effects of Movement On Population Density Estimates of Mudflat Epifauna". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, nr 2 (maj 1998): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400041515.

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The soft-sediment marine benthos is well-known to be patchily distributed. To test whether this could be caused by individual epifaunal movement, spatial and temporal variation in numbers of adult mudsnails, Hydrobia ulvae, were analysed within an area of 40 m2 on an intertidal mudflat over periods of 4 or 6 d on three occasions, two of spring tides and one of neap. Significant spatial variation was always present, and significant temporal variation occurred during the spring tides. There was no variation dependent on the numbers of replicate samples taken from each station. Furthermore, movement of large, individually marked winkles, Littorina saxatilis, in the same habitat was measured and shown to be significantly directional over three series of spring tides, although the mean angle of movement varied widely between the different tidal series; storm-induced movement was particularly large. Such directional movement could account for the temporal and spatial variation seen in H. ulvae. Distances moved by winkles under permanently submerged conditions, however, did not display any directional component. Estimates of the population density and dispersion of potentially mobile or movable, intertidal epibenthos obtained on a series of individual, widely spaced days must therefore be treated with caution, however much replicated on any given occasion.

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Monk, Jacquomo, Neville S. Barrett, David Peel, Emma Lawrence, Nicole A. Hill, Vanessa Lucieer i Keith R. Hayes. "An evaluation of the error and uncertainty in epibenthos cover estimates from AUV images collected with an efficient, spatially-balanced design". PLOS ONE 13, nr 9 (18.09.2018): e0203827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203827.

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Castellan, Giorgio, Lorenzo Angeletti, Simonepietro Canese, Claudio Mazzoli, Paolo Montagna, Stefano Schiaparelli i Marco Taviani. "Visual Imaging of Benthic Carbonate-Mixed Factories in the Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area, Antarctica". Minerals 11, nr 8 (31.07.2021): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080833.

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Marine biogenic skeletal production is the prevalent source of Ca-carbonate in today’s Antarctic seas. Most information, however, derives from the post-mortem legacy of calcifying organisms. Prior imagery and evaluation of Antarctic habitats hosting calcifying benthic organisms are poorly present in the literature, therefore, a Remotely Operated Vehicle survey was carried out in the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area during the 2013–2014 austral summer. Two video surveys of the seafloor were conducted along transects between 30 and 120 m (Adelie Cove) and 230 and 260 m (Terra Nova Bay “Canyon”), respectively. We quantified the relative abundance of calcifiers vs. non-calcifiers in the macro- and mega-epibenthos. Furthermore, we considered the typology of the carbonate polymorphs represented by the skeletonized organisms. The combined evidence from the two sites reveals the widespread existence of carbonate-mixed factories in the area, with an overwhelming abundance of both low-Mg and (especially) high-Mg calcite calcifiers. Echinoids, serpulids, bryozoans, pectinid bivalves and octocorals prove to be the most abundant animal producers in terms of abundance. The shallower Adelie Cove site also showed evidence of seabed coverage by coralline algae. Our results will help in refining paleoenvironmental analyses since many of the megabenthic calcifiers occur in the Quaternary record of Antarctica. We set a baseline to monitor the future response of these polar biota in a rapidly changing ocean.

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Houghton, Jonathan P., Robert H. Gilmour, Dennis C. Lees, William B. Driskell, Sandra C. Lindstrom i Alan Mearns. "PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND INTERTIDAL BIOTA SEVEN YEARS LATER: HAS IT RECOVERED?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, nr 1 (1.04.1997): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-679.

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ABSTRACT Eight years of quantitative biological and chemical data have been analyzed for trends in recovery of biota inhabiting beaches in Prince William Sound following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill and subsequent shoreline treatments. Sampling has focused on biota at sheltered rocky and mixed-soft sites subjected to three degrees of disturbance (unoiled, oiled but not hot-water washed, and oiled/hot-water washed). Only epibiota on sheltered rocky habitats are covered in this paper. The majority of community dominants survived 1989 on oiled rocky shores that were not high-pressure, hot-water washed. These areas appeared to be nearly completely recovered by 1991, although subsequent monitoring has revealed oscillations in species abundances that exceed those on unoiled beaches. Hot-water treatments used in 1989 had severe short-term impacts on intertidal epibenthos. Some high-pressure, hot-water-treated rocky shores stripped of biota in 1989 showed very slow colonization through 1995; other areas that appeared to be nearly recovered in 1992 suffered severe declines in dominant taxa in 1995. The dominant age class of rockweed, which began life following hot-water treatment, matured in 1993 and died off in 1994 and 1995, resulting in declines of associated fauna. A new cycle of rockweed colonization has begun, and some recovery of rockweed and associated fauna was observed in 1996.

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46

Stevens, Tim, i Rod M. Connolly. "Local-scale mapping of benthic habitats to assess representation in a marine protected area". Marine and Freshwater Research 56, nr 1 (2005): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04233.

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Macrobenthic habitat types were classified and mapped using a compact video array at 78 sites spaced 5 km apart in Moreton Bay, Australia. The area mapped was about 2400 km2 and extended from estuarine shallow subtidal waters to offshore areas to the 50-m isobath. Nine habitat types were recognised, with only one on hard substrate, and their representation within an existing marine protected area was assessed. Only two habitat types were represented in highly protected (no-take) zones, with less than 3% of the total area of each habitat type included. The habitat mapping characterised several habitat types not previously described in the area and located deep-water algal and soft coral reefs not previously reported. Seagrass beds were encountered in several locations where their occurrence was either unknown or had not previously been quantified. The study represents the most spatially comprehensive survey of epibenthos undertaken in Moreton Bay, with over 40 000 m2 sampled. Derived habitat maps provide a robust basis for inclusion of representative examples of all habitat types in marine protected area planning in, and adjacent to, Moreton Bay. The utility of video data to conduct a low-cost habitat survey over a comparatively large area was also demonstrated. The method used has potentially wide application for the survey and design of marine protected areas.

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Polte, Patrick, Anja Schanz i Harald Asmus. "Effects of current exposure on habitat preference of mobile 0-group epibenthos for intertidal seagrass beds (Zostera noltii) in the northern Wadden Sea". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 62, nr 4 (marzec 2005): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.09.031.

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Houghton, Jonathan P., Allan K. Fukuyama, Dennis C. Lees, William B. Driskell, Gary Shigenaka i Alan J. Mearns. "IMPACTS ON INTERTIDAL EPIBIOTA: EXXON VALDEZ SPILL AND SUBSEQUENT CLEANUP". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, nr 1 (1.03.1993): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-293.

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ABSTRACT Following the Exxon Valdez spill, several approaches were used to remove crude oil from the beaches of Prince William Sound. Pre- and post-treatment monitoring in 1989 documented the severe short-term impacts to intertidal epibenthos of hot water wash treatments widely used to remove stranded oil. Quantitative field surveys were conducted in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate recovery of littoral habitats from the effects of oiling and hot water washing. Stratified random sampling was used to assess epibiota at sites representing several habitats and degrees of disturbance. Effects of hot water treatments applied in 1989 remained visible in intertidal assemblages through 1991. Some hot water-treated rocky beaches that had been stripped of biota at middle and upper intertidal elevations showed little colonization by 1990. In 1990, statistically significant differences were noted between variables measured on unoiled beaches and those same variables on hot water-treated beaches. On other oiled rocky beaches that received less severe or no treatment, the majority of the community dominants, including rockweed, mussels, barnacles, limpets, drills, and littorines, survived the oiling. While these populations were still depressed below abundance levels on unoiled beaches in May 1991, by July recovery of most species had raised abundances to levels seen on unoiled beaches. In the summer of 1991, few statistically significant differences remained between the biota of unoiled rocky shores and those of hot water-washed shores, but full recovery is still several years away in many areas.

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Jørgensen, Lis Lindal, Pavel Ljubin, Hein Rune Skjoldal, Randi B. Ingvaldsen, Natalia Anisimova i Igor Manushin. "Distribution of benthic megafauna in the Barents Sea: baseline for an ecosystem approach to management". ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, nr 2 (2.07.2014): 595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu106.

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Abstract Benthos plays a significant role as substrate, refuge from predation and food for a wide variety of fish and invertebrates of all life stages and should therefore be considered in the ecosystem approach (EA) to management. Epibenthos from trawl catches, used in annual assessments of commercial fish stocks, was identified and measured on-board. The 2011 dataset present the baseline mapping for monitoring and included 354 taxa (218 to species level) analysed with multivariate statistical methods. This revealed four main megafaunal regions: southwestern (SW), banks/slopes in southeast and west (SEW), northwestern (NW), and northeastern (NE) which were significantly related to depth, temperature, salinity, and number of ice-days. The SW region was dominated by filter-feeders (sponges) in the inflow area of warm Atlantic water while the deeper trenches had a detritivorous fauna (echinoderms). In the SEW region, predators (sea stars, anemones and snow crabs) prevailed together with filtrating species (sea cucumber and bivalves) within a mosaic of banks and slopes. Plankton-feeding brittlestars were common in the NW and NE region, but with increasing snow crab population in NE. Climate change, potentially expanding trawling activity, and increasing snow and king crab populations might all have impacts on the benthos. Benthos should therefore be a part of an integrated assessment of a changing sea, and national agencies might consider adding benthic taxonomic expertise on-board scientific research vessels to identify the invertebrate “by-catch” as part of routine trawl surveys.

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Polte, Patrick, Anja Schanz i Harald Asmus. "The contribution of seagrass beds (Zostera noltii) to the function of tidal flats as a juvenile habitat for dominant, mobile epibenthos in the Wadden Sea". Marine Biology 147, nr 3 (24.05.2005): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-1583-z.

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