Artykuły w czasopismach: „Epibenthic fauna”

1

Ward, T., i SF Rainer. "Decapod Crustaceans of the North West Shelf, a Tropical Continental Shelf of North-western Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 39, nr 6 (1988): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880751.

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The North West Shelf is a tropical continental shelf with a highly diverse fauna of epibenthic decapod crustaceans. The 357 taxa of epibenthic crustaceans, including 308 decapods, recorded from four sites are more than reported from any other continental shelf. The dominant taxa were amphipods, portunid crabs, xanthid crabs, palaemonid shrimps, hermit crabs, crangonid shrimps, sergestid shrimps, and majid crabs, in decreasing order of abundance. The most diverse family was the leucosiid crabs, containing 39 species. The number of crustacean species collected was similar at both 40 m and 80 m depth, and only 35% of the most common species differed in abundance between the depths. The abundances of 30% of these common species appeared to be related to particle size of the sediment or to the biomass of large sedentary fauna. The abundance of 45% of the most abundant, mainly small, species differed between two sampling times 6 months apart. The abundance of many decapod crustacean species was related to depth, sediment type, bottom type, or sedentary fauna. It is concluded that the epibenthic decapod fauna at 40 and 80 m depth on the North West Shelf is a broadly distributed assemblage with high diversity, some environmentally determined pattern and, in smaller animals, significant seasonal variability.

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Pearman, T. R. R., Paul E. Brewin, Alastair M. M. Baylis i Paul Brickle. "Deep-Sea Epibenthic Megafaunal Assemblages of the Falkland Islands, Southwest Atlantic". Diversity 14, nr 8 (10.08.2022): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080637.

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Deep-sea environments face increasing pressure from anthropogenic exploitation and climate change, but remain poorly studied. Hence, there is an urgent need to compile quantitative baseline data on faunal assemblages, and improve our understanding of the processes that drive faunal assemblage composition in deep-sea environments. The Southwest Atlantic deep sea is an undersampled region that hosts unique and globally important faunal assemblages. To date, our knowledge of these assemblages has been predominantly based on ex situ analysis of scientific trawl and fisheries bycatch specimens, limiting our ability to characterise faunal assemblages. Incidental sampling and fisheries bycatch data indicate that the Falkland Islands deep sea hosts a diversity of fauna, including vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME) indicator taxa. To increase our knowledge of Southwest Atlantic deep-sea epibenthic megafauna assemblages, benthic imagery, comprising 696 images collected along the upper slope (1070–1880 m) of the Falkland Islands conservation zones (FCZs) in 2014, was annotated, with epibenthic megafauna and substrata recorded. A suite of terrain derivatives were also calculated from GEBCO bathymetry and oceanographic variables extracted from global models. The environmental conditions coincident with annotated image locations were calculated, and multivariate analysis was undertaken using 288 ‘sample’ images to characterize faunal assemblages and discern their environmental drivers. Three main faunal assemblages representing two different sea pen and cup coral assemblages, and an assemblage characterised by sponges and Stylasteridae, were identified. Subvariants driven by varying dominance of sponges, Stylasteridae, and the stony coral, Bathelia candida, were also observed. The fauna observed are consistent with that recorded for the wider southern Patagonian Slope. Several faunal assemblages had attributes of VMEs. Faunal assemblages appear to be influenced by the interaction between topography and the Falkland Current, which, in turn, likely influences substrata and food availability. Our quantitative analyses provide a baseline for the southern Patagonian shelf/slope environment of the FCZs, against which to compare other assemblages and assess environmental drivers and anthropogenic impacts.

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Jennings, Simon, John Lancaster, Andrew Woolmer i John Cotter. "Distribution, diversity and abundance of epibenthic fauna in the North Sea". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, nr 3 (czerwiec 1999): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000502.

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The assemblages of attached and freeliving epibenthic species in the North Sea are described, based on analysis of samples collected with a small beam trawl. Clustering of survey sites based on the presence or absence of attached species indicated that three regions had characteristic assemblages: the northern North Sea, the central North Sea from 55 to 57°N and the southern North Sea. Clustering of sites based on counts of free-living epibenthic species also revealed that the sites formed three major groups but these corresponded to regions in the north-east North Sea, the northern and western central North Sea and the southern and eastern central North Sea. Species which contributed most to the similarity within and dissimilarity between groups were identified. The environmental factors which best accounted for the grouping of sites were depth, winter temperature and the temperature difference between winter and summer for attached species and depth and the temperature difference between winter and summer for free-living species. The species richness of attached and free-living epibenthic species was higher in the central and northern North Sea than in the south. The number of abundant (Hill's N1) and very abundant (Hill's N2) free-living species also increased from south to north.

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Zerebecki, RA, AR Hughes, J. Goff, TC Hanley, W. Scheffel i KL Heck Jr. "Effect of foundation species composition and oil exposure on wetland communities across multiple trophic levels". Marine Ecology Progress Series 662 (18.03.2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13624.

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Climate-driven range shifts can result in altered mixtures of foundation species that can affect ecosystem structure and function. Higher diversity mixed assemblages may moderate disturbance impacts, yet this prediction has rarely been tested. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill provided an opportunity to examine the effects of salt marsh foundation species identity and composition on the response of both plant and faunal communities to oil disturbance. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, salt marshes are typically dominated by the foundation species smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. However, the sub-tropical black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, is expanding northward and increasingly growing with, and even replacing, Spartina. Based on a series of field surveys in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, we found that oil exposure had few impacts on the plant community 5 yr post-oiling, though oil disturbance shifted the interaction among foundation species, increasing Avicennia’s competitive advantage and likely enhancing mangrove expansion. In contrast, abundance of the epibenthic animal community was reduced by ~30% and community composition was altered at oiled sites. Mixed foundation species assemblages provided few reductions in oil impacts within either trophic level. Strong habitat associations of epibenthic taxa, coupled with oil effects on individual foundation species, likely suppressed any advantage of mixed vegetation on the associated fauna. Our survey highlights that plant and epibenthic animal responses to disturbance can be decoupled, emphasizing the importance of examining both simultaneously to better understand and predict long-term responses.

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5

Coman, Francis E., Rod M. Connolly i Nigel P. Preston. "Zooplankton and epibenthic fauna in shrimp ponds: factors influencing assemblage dynamics". Aquaculture Research 34, nr 5 (28.03.2003): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00898.x.

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Woodcock, S. H., T. Strohmeier, Ø. Strand, S. A. Olsen i R. J. Bannister. "Mobile epibenthic fauna consume organic waste from coastal fin-fish aquaculture". Marine Environmental Research 137 (czerwiec 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.017.

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Mancosu, Andrea, i James H. Nebelsick. "Paleoecology of sublittoral Miocene echinoids from Sardinia: A case study for substrate controls of faunal distributions". Journal of Paleontology 93, nr 04 (11.04.2019): 764–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2019.4.

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AbstractA rich echinoid fauna within the middle Miocene carbonate sedimentary succession cropping out along the coast between Santa Caterina di Pittinuri and S'Archittu (central-western Sardinia) allows the comparison of faunal gradients and preservation potentials from both hard and soft substrata. Three echinoid assemblages are recognized. Faunal composition, as well as taphonomic and sedimentological features and functional morphological interpretation of the echinoid test indicate an outer sublittoral setting. Assemblage 1 represents a highly structured environment within the photic zone, with mobile substrata occupied by infaunal irregular echinoids, mainly spatangoids, and localized hard substrata, provided by rhodolith beds, with epibenthic regular echinoids represented by the co-occurrence of the diadematidDiademaGray, 1825 and the toxopneustidsTripneustesL. Agassiz, 1841 andSchizechinusPomel, 1869. Assemblage 2 shows a higher diversity of irregular echinoids, dominated by the clypeasteroidsEchinocyamusvan Phelsum, 1774 andClypeasterLamarck, 1801 and different spatangoids, with the minute trigonocidaridGenocidarisA. Agassiz, 1869 among regular echinoids. This assemblage points to a soft-bottom environment with moderate water-energy conditions, periodically affected by storms. A low-diversity echinoid fauna in Assemblage 3, dominated by the spatangoidsBrissopsisL. Agassiz, 1840 andOvaGray, 1825, documents a deeper, soft-bottom environment, possibly below storm-wave base. These results indicate that the diversity of echinoid faunas originating in sublittoral environments is related to: (1) the presence of both soft and hard substrata, (2) differential preservation potentials of the various echinoid taxa, (3) intense bioturbation, and (4) sediment deposition by sporadic storm events.

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Meißner, Karin, Nils Brenke i Jörundur Svavarsson. "Benthic Habitats Around Iceland Investigated During the IceAGE Expeditions". Polish Polar Research 35, nr 2 (29.07.2014): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2014-0016.

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Abstract During the IceAGE (Icelandic marine Animals – Genetics and Ecology) expeditions in waters around Iceland and the Faroe Islands in 2011 and 2013, visual assessments of habitats and the study of surface sediment characteristics were undertaken in 119–2750 m water depth. Visual inspection was realized by means of an epibenthic sled equipped with a digital underwater video camcorder and a still camera. For determination of surface sediment characteristics a subsample of sediment from box corer samples or different grabs was collected and analyzed in the lab. Muddy bottoms predominated in the deep basins (Iceland Basin, Irminger Basin, deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas), while sand and gravel dominated on the shelves and the ridges, and in areas with high currents. Organic contents were highest in the deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas and in the Iceland Basin, and at these sites dense aggregations of mobile epibenthic organisms were observed. Large dropstones were abundant in the Iceland Sea near the shelf and in the Denmark Strait. The dropstones carried diverse, sessile epibenthic fauna, which may be underestimated using traditional sampling gear. The paper supplies new background information for studies based on IceAGE material, especially studies related to ecology and taxonomy.

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Callaway, Ruth, Simon Jennings, John Lancaster i John Cotter. "Mesh-size matters in epibenthic surveys". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, nr 1 (luty 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540200512x.

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This study aimed to identify the effects of different sieve mesh-sizes on processing time, the number of species retained, diversity measures and multivariate community analysis in the North Sea. Samples were collected at 63 sites throughout the North Sea and washed through two successive sieves, 10-mm and 5-mm mesh respectively. Processing time for whole samples (5- and 10-mm fraction) averaged 91± 25 min compared with 55±16 min for the 10-mm mesh fraction. Altogether 40% of free-living species and 9% of attached species were recorded exclusively in the 5-mm fraction. The majority of these species were rare. Spatial gradients of species diversity and community structure were identical, independent of the mesh-size used. Multivariate community analysis showed no significant difference between descriptions of community structure based on fauna from 10-mm or 5-mm mesh. The use of coarser sieving mesh would save time and money, if the aims of an epibenthic survey were to describe broad patterns of community structure and relative diversity. It would be possible to process approximately 50% more samples, if the time saved with 10-mm mesh were allocated to additional sampling. However, if information on single species is required, then sorting with the finer sieve mesh will yield crucial information. It was decided to employ a 5-mm mesh for epibenthic monitoring of the North Sea.

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10

Eastman, Joseph T. "Antarctic notothenioid fishes as subjects for research in evolutionary biology". Antarctic Science 12, nr 3 (wrzesień 2000): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102000000341.

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Antarctica is a continental island and the waters of its shelf and upper slope are an insular evolutionary site. The shelf waters resemble a closed basin in the Southern Ocean, separated from other continents by distance, current patterns and subzero temperatures. The benthic fish fauna of the shelf and upper slope of the Antarctic Region includes 213 species with higher taxonomic diversity confined to 18 families. Ninety-six notothenioids, 67 liparids and 23 zoarcids comprise 45%, 32% and 11% of the fauna, a combined total of 88%. In high latitude (71–78°S) shelf areas notothenioids dominate abundance and biomass at levels of 90–95%. Notothenioids are also morphologically and ecologically diverse. Although they lack a swim bladder, the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation has been repeated diversification into water column habitats. There are pelagic, semipelagic, cryopelagic and epibenthic species. Notothenioids exhibit the disproportionate speciosity and high endemism characteristic of fish species flock. Antifreeze glycopeptides originating from a transformed trypsinogen gene are a key innovation. It is not known when the modern Antarctic shelf fauna assumed its current taxonomic composition. A late Eocene fossil fauna was taxonomically diverse and cosmopolitan. There was a subsequent faunal replacement with little carryover of families into the modern fauna. Basal notothenioid clades probably diverged in Gondwanan shelf locations during the early Tertiary. Dates inferred from molecular sequences suggest that phyletically derived Antarctic clades arose 15–5 m.y.a.

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Pihl, L. "Food selection and consumption of mobile epibenthic fauna in shallow marine areas". Marine Ecology Progress Series 22 (1985): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps022169.

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Park, Joo Myun, i Sung-Hoi Huh. "Epibenthic invertebrate fauna in the southern coast of the East Sea, Korea". Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11, nr 2 (czerwiec 2018): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.03.006.

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Lasenby, David C., i R. K. Sherman. "Design and evaluation of a bottom-closing net used to capture mysids and other suprabenthic fauna". Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, nr 3 (1.03.1991): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-113.

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A simple and easily constructed bottom-closing drop net was designed for capturing mysids during the day or at night. During the day, when mysids are epibenthic and (or) suprabenthic and difficult to sample quantitatively, the bottom-closing drop net captures more mysids per unit area than vertical hauls with a plankton net. The net works well on both hard and soft substrates and is useful for obtaining density estimates and delineating population distribution.

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Howard, RK, i JD Koehn. "Population dynamics and feeding ecology of pipefish (Syngnathidae) associated with eelgrass beds of Western Port, Victoria". Marine and Freshwater Research 36, nr 3 (1985): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850361.

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Three species of pipefish, Urocarnpus carinirostris Castelnau, Vanacarnpus phillipi (Lucus) and Mitotichthys semistriatus (Kaup), occurred regularly in collections from eelgrass beds of Western Port. A fourth species, Stigmatopora nigra Kaup, was rare. U. carinirostris and V. philippi dominated catches. Brooding males were present for 6-9 months of the year, juveniles were recruited in summer and early autumn, and both species were annual. The pipefish fauna included two main behavioural types. V. phillipi and M. sernistriatus oriented themselves horizontally and were relatively strong swimmers. U. carinirostris and S. nigra were more sedentary, attaching themselves to benthic vegetation by means of a prehensile tail. The latter two species closely mimicked eelgrass leaves in movements, orientation and colour. All inhabited the eelgrass leaf canopy except V. phillipi, which occupied the sediment-water interface. The pipefish were visually orienting, sit-and-wait predators. Pelagic or epibenthic copepods and small epibenthic amphipods comprised the bulk of diets; only V. phillipi ingested polychaetes and plant detritus.

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Schmidt, Anja, i Angelika Brandt. "The tanaidacean fauna of the Beagle Channel (southern Chile) and its relationship to the fauna of the Antarctic continental shelf". Antarctic Science 13, nr 4 (grudzień 2001): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410200100058x.

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In November 1994 epibenthic sledge samples were taken in the Beagle Channel. This study presents the first systematic account of Tanaidacea of the Beagle Channel and an adjacent area on the Atlantic continental slope. The material of this part from the Magellan Strait comprised 2175 specimens and 27 species of eight families of Tanaidomorpha and two families of Apseudomorpha. Eleven species were sampled in the Magellan region for the first time. The genus Stenotanais (Anarthruridae) was reported for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere and, the bathymetric range of seven species was extended. The tanaidacean fauna in the Beagle Channel is highly heterogeneous with 36 tanaidacean species now known from the Magellan region. On the basis of a zoogeographic comparison of the Magellan region with sub-Antarctica and Antarctica, Sieg's (1988) hypothesis of a phylogenetically young, derived Antarctic tanaidacean fauna is examined and the zoogeographic relationship between the Magellanic Tanaidacea and the Antarctic tanaidaceans is discussed.

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Carreira-Flores, Diego, Regina Neto, Hugo Ferreira, Edna Cabecinha, Guillermo Díaz-Agras i Pedro T. Gomes. "Artificial substrates as sampling devices for marine epibenthic fauna: A quest for standardization". Regional Studies in Marine Science 37 (maj 2020): 101331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101331.

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Palmer, Terence A., Andrew G. Klein, Stephen T. Sweet, Amanda J. Frazier, Paul A. Montagna, Terry L. Wade i Jennifer Beseres Pollack. "Using epibenthic fauna as biomonitors of local marine contamination adjacent to McMurdo Station, Antarctica". Marine Pollution Bulletin 178 (maj 2022): 113621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113621.

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Wennhage, H., i L. Pihl. "From flatfish to sticklebacks: assemblage structure of epibenthic fauna in relation to macroalgal blooms". Marine Ecology Progress Series 335 (16.04.2007): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps335187.

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O'Connor, NA. "Resource enhancement of grazing mayfly nymphs by retreat-building caddisfly larvae in a sandbed stream". Marine and Freshwater Research 44, nr 2 (1993): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930353.

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Over the summer-autumn low-flow period in the sandy upper and middle reaches of the Creightons Creek system of northern Victoria, Australia, several different macroscopically visible substrate patch types form on the streambed. Exploratory multivariate analyses revealed a distinct macroinvertebrate fauna associated with each patch type. The major patch types were the thalweg, or pathway of main flow, in which the substrate consisted of constantly shifting fine sand, and adjacent stable patches of coarser sand, covered with larval retreats of the hydropsychid caddisfly Cheurnatopsyche sp. (Trichoptera:Hydropsychidae). Although thalweg and Cheurnatopsyche patches contained a similar interstitial macroinvertebrate fauna, the former lacked a surface-dwelling, or epibenthic, fauna. The silken retreats of Cheurnatopsyche larvae entrained algal filaments and detritus, food of the grazing mayfly nymph Baetis sp. Baetis nymphs recolonized plots containing Cheurnatopsyche retreats in higher numbers than plots in which Cheurnatopsyche retreats and their entrained detritus had previously been scoured away. Given the widespread distribution of the Cheurnatopsyche patch type in the system during the low-flow period, it is hypothesized that the indirect interaction between these two species may constitute a significant pathway in the energy budget of the stream.

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Seygita, Vivin, Thamrin Thamrin i Yusni Ikhwan Siregar. "Analisis Kelimpahan Dinoflagellata Bentik Beracun di Perairan Teluk Bayur, Sumatera Barat". Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 2, nr 2 (8.10.2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.2.2.p.92-99.

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Epibenthic dinoflagellates are of important as primary producer in coastal and oceanecosystems. But it has potent toxins causing harmfull effect to marine fauna as well as to human.The present study aimed at analyzing the abundance of three genus ; Ostreopsis, Prorocentrumand Gambierdiscus in Teluk Bayur Bay, West Sumatera, which sampling were conducted inNovember 2014. Environmental parameters were including Nitrate, Phosphate concentration anddensity of Sargassum vegetations were measured which preasumably influence the dinoflagellatesabundance. Apparently, abundance of dinoflagellates ranged from 2061-7116 cells/g. Samplingstations had no effect on abundance of dinoflagellates. Water quality (N, P and Sargassumvegetation density) had no effect to the present and abundance of dinoflagellates, in all samplingstations.

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Coman, Frank E., Rod M. Connolly i Nigel P. Preston. "Effects of water exchange and abiotic factors on zooplankton and epibenthic fauna in shrimp ponds". Aquaculture Research 37, nr 14 (październik 2006): 1387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01566.x.

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Ardisson, P. L., E. Bourget i P. Legendre. "Multivariate Approach to Study Species Assemblages at Large Spatiotemporal Scales: The Community Structure of the Epibenthic Fauna of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, nr 7 (1.07.1990): 1364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-156.

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We investigated hierarchical organization and spatiotemporal discontinuities in species abundances in the epibenthic community of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Quantitative samples were obtained from 1975 to 1984, on 161 collectors (navigation buoys) moored yearly from May through November. Maximum biomass values of the dominant species, common to all regions studied, were used to assess epibenthic community structure. Numerical methods were used to characterize spatial structure and temporal variability of the dominant assemblage. Spatially constrained clustering and ordination techniques revealed six broad biogeographic zones whose limits vary yearly. However, spatially unconstrained clustering and ordination techniques showed two major sets of non-continguous localities, each characterized by a singular biotic structure. Further, spatial autocorrelation analyses showed a significant relationship between biomass and geographic distance. The resulting spatial structure of biomass was dependent on the species considered. The multidimensional Mantel technique showed an 8-yr period of variation in community structure at large (whole system, Gulf) and intermediate (North Shore plus Lower North Shore) spatial scales. The amplitude and asymmetry of this temporal cycle increased as the spatial scale decreased. In spite of the observed discontinuous spatial patterns, the temporal oscillations in community structure detected at different spatial scales suggest that the Estuary-Gulf system responds to the external input of auxiliary energy as an integrated system.

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Kaiser, Stefanie, David K. A. Barnes, Katrin Linse i Angelika Brandt. "Epibenthic macrofauna associated with the shelf and slope of a young and isolated Southern Ocean island". Antarctic Science 20, nr 3 (19.05.2008): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102008001107.

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AbstractThe remote South Sandwich arc is an archipelago of small volcanic islands and seamounts entirely surrounded by deep water and about 600 km away from the closest island, South Georgia. As some of the youngest islands (< 5 m.y.) in the Southern Ocean they are ideal for studying colonization processes of the seabed by benthic fauna, but are rarely investigated because of remoteness and extreme weather. The current study attempted to quantify the richness and abundance of the epibenthic macrofauna around the Southern Thule group by taking five epibenthic sledge samples along a depth transect including three shelf (one at 300 m and two at 500 m) and two slope stations (1000 and 1500 m). Our aim was to investigate higher taxon richness and community composition in an isolated Antarctic locality, since recent volcanic eruptions between 1964 and 1997. We examined patterns across all epibenthic macrofauna at phylum and class levels, and investigated trends in some model groups of crustaceans to order and family level. We found that abundance was highest in the shallowest sample and decreased with depth. Shelf samples (300 and 500 m) were dominated by molluscs and malacostracans while at the deeper stations (1000 and 1500 m) nematodes were the most abundant taxon. Surprisingly, the shallow shelf was dominated by animals with restricted dispersal abilities, such as direct developing brooders (malacostracans) or those with lecithotrophic larvae (bivalves of the genusYoldiella, most bryozoan species). Despite Southern Thule's geological youth, recent eruptions, and its remoteness the shallow shelf was rich in higher taxa (phyla/classes) as well as orders and families of our model groups. Future work at higher taxonomic resolution (species level) should greatly increase understanding of how life has reached and established on these young and highly disturbed seabeds.

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Hamerlynck, Olivier, Kris Hostens, Renato V. Arellano, Jan Mees i Paul A. Damme. "The mobile epibenthic fauna of soft bottoms in the Dutch Delta (south-west Netherlands): Spatial structure". Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology 27, nr 2-4 (czerwiec 1993): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02334797.

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Nike Bianchi, Carlo, Paul R. Dando i Carla Morri. "Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea". Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 2, nr 1 (17.06.2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2011.5314.

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Research on subtidal hydrothermal vent ecosystems at Milos, Hellenic Volcanic Arc (Aegean Sea), suggested that vent activity increased the species richness of sessile epibenthic assemblages. Based on 303 species found in 6 sites (3 close to vents, 3 farther away), the present paper uses correspondence analysis and species/samples curves to examine the species composition and richness of these assemblages. Differences due to vent proximity were more important than those due to bottom depth and distance from the shore. Diversity was confirmed to be higher near the vents, although none of the 266 species found at the vent sites can be considered as obligate vent-associated species. Seven different, although not mutually exclusive, hypotheses are discussed to explain the pattern of increased epibenthic species diversity at the vent sites, namely: (i) vents represent an intermediate disturbance, inducing mortality by the emission of toxic fluids; (ii) higher winter temperature allows for the occurrence of warm-water species, which add to the regional background; (iii) venting disrupts the homogeneity of the water bottom layer, increasing bottom roughness and hence habitat heterogeneity; (iv) deposition of minerals and enhanced bioconstruction by Ca enrichment increment habitat provision; (v) fluid emission induces advective mechanisms that favour recruitment; (vi) vents emit CO2, nutrients and trace elements that enhance primary productivity; and (vii) bacterial chemosynthesis add to photosynthesis to provide a diversity of food sources for the fauna.

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Farriols, Maria Teresa, Camille Irlinger, Francesc Ordines, Desirée Palomino, Elena Marco-Herrero, Javier Soto-Navarro, Gabriel Jordà i in. "Recovery Signals of Rhodoliths Beds since Bottom Trawling Ban in the SCI Menorca Channel (Western Mediterranean)". Diversity 14, nr 1 (29.12.2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14010020.

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One of the objectives of the LIFE IP INTEMARES project is to assess the impact of bottom trawling on the vulnerable benthic habitats of the circalittoral bottoms of the Menorca Channel (western Mediterranean), designated a Site of Community Importance (SCI) within the Natura 2000 network. The present study compares the epibenthic communities of four areas, subjected to different bottom trawl fishing intensity levels. The assignment of fishing effort levels was based on the fishing effort distribution in the area calculated from Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data and the existence of two Fishing Protected Zones in the Menorca Channel. Biological samples were collected from 39 beam trawl stations, sampled during a scientific survey on April 2019. We compare the diversity, composition, and density of the epibenthic flora and fauna, together with the rhodoliths coverage and the morphology of the main species of rhodoliths of four areas subjected to different levels of bottom trawl fishing effort, including one that has never been impacted by trawling. Our results have shown negative impacts of bottom trawling on rhodoliths beds and the first signals of their recovery in areas recently closed to this fishery, which indicate that this is an effective measure for the conservation of this habitat of special interest and must be included in the management plan required to declare the Menorca Channel as a Special Area of Conservation.

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Langston, Ross C., i Heather L. Spalding. "A survey of fishes associated with Hawaiian deep-water Halimeda kanaloana (Bryopsidales: Halimedaceae) and Avrainvillea sp. (Bryopsidales: Udoteaceae) meadows". PeerJ 5 (10.05.2017): e3307. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3307.

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The invasive macroalgal species Avrainvillea sp. and native species Halimeda kanaloana form expansive meadows that extend to depths of 80 m or more in the waters off of O‘ahu and Maui, respectively. Despite their wide depth distribution, comparatively little is known about the biota associated with these macroalgal species. Our primary goals were to provide baseline information on the fish fauna associated with these deep-water macroalgal meadows and to compare the abundance and diversity of fishes between the meadow interior and sandy perimeters. Because both species form structurally complex three-dimensional canopies, we hypothesized that they would support a greater abundance and diversity of fishes when compared to surrounding sandy areas. We surveyed the fish fauna associated with these meadows using visual surveys and collections made with clove-oil anesthetic. Using these techniques, we recorded a total of 49 species from 25 families for H. kanaloana meadows and surrounding sandy areas, and 28 species from 19 families for Avrainvillea sp. habitats. Percent endemism was 28.6% and 10.7%, respectively. Wrasses (Family Labridae) were the most speciose taxon in both habitats (11 and six species, respectively), followed by gobies for H. kanaloana (six species). The wrasse Oxycheilinus bimaculatus and cardinalfish Apogonichthys perdix were the most frequently-occurring species within the H. kanaloana and Avrainvillea canopies, respectively. Obligate herbivores and food-fish species were rare in both habitats. Surprisingly, the density and abundance of small epibenthic fishes were greater in open sand than in the meadow canopy. In addition, species richness was also higher in open sand for Avrainvillea sp. We hypothesize that the dense holdfasts and rhizoids present within the meadow canopy may impede benthic-dwelling or bioturbator species, which accounted for 86% and 57% of individuals collected in sand adjacent to H. kanaloana and Avrainvillea sp. habitats, respectively. Of the 65 unique species recorded in this study, 16 (25%) were detected in clove oil stations alone, illustrating the utility of clove-oil anesthetic in assessing the diversity and abundance of small-bodied epibenthic fishes.

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Sibaja-Cordero, Jeffrey A., i Kimberly García-Méndez. "Variación espacial y temporal de los organismos de un intermareal rocoso: Bahía Panamá, Pacífico Norte, Costa Rica". Revista de Biología Tropical 62, nr 4 (3.07.2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i4.20034.

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<p>The intertidal rocky shore of Bahía Panama, within Bahía Culebra in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica, was sampled to study the biodiversity and the spatial patterns (three sites with differences in wave exposure, and five strata, from low to high tide levels) and temporal variation (a single date in 2007 and 2013) in different microhabitats (over and under rock surface, and crevices). The epibenthic organisms were sampled with quadrats of 25 x 25 cm in each stratum, and cryptic fauna was accounted by both visual census and manual collecting. The general pattern of vertical zonation of organisms at each site showed an increase in variety toward the infralittoral level, as well as in the composition of assemblages or partially in identity of taxa in each stratum. The sheltered section of the rocky coast, with shallow sand bottom (< 1 m), low wave action and greater sedimentation rate, had lower diversity, cover and abundance that increased towards the wave-exposed section, with more abrupt slope in the edge of rocky platform, lower turbidity, and deeper sand bottom (2-3 m). The horizontal change was more evident in epibenthic organisms, followed by the under rock surface inhabitants and finally in crevices. For the epibenthic organisms, a temporal change in assemblages (cover and abundance) was found between the 2007 and 2013, at each site and level (possibly by seasonal upwelling influence), but the spatial structure (vertical and horizontal) of the rocky shore seems the main cause of change in the composition of species. The spatial pattern of change in the biota (sheltered to exposed gradient) could be expected in similar shores of the Central American Pacific. Finally, the 157 species found (16 autotrophic taxa, 22 fishes, and 119 invertebrates) indicate the high biodiversity of this habitat in the tropics, and the importance of their conservation. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 4): 85-97. Epub 2014 Diciembre 01.</p>

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Pabis, Krzysztof, Magdalena Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Piotr Jóźwiak i David K. A. Barnes. "Tanaidacea of the Amundsen and Scotia seas: an unexplored diversity". Antarctic Science 27, nr 1 (15.07.2014): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000303.

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AbstractThe Scotia Arc and Amundsen Sea are contrasting regions within West Antarctica. The Scotia Sea shelf is well studied and central to the origin and diversity of the Southern Ocean benthic fauna, whilst the shelf of Amundsen Sea is one of the least studied shelf areas in the world; a ‘white spot’ on the map of benthic research. Here we report on the tanaidaceans collected using an epibenthic sledge on two expeditions, BIOPEARL 1 and 2, of the RRSJames Clark Rossin 2006 and 2008, respectively. This study represents the first analysis of the tanaidacean fauna of those two basins. Thirty-seven species were found in the Amundsen Sea from 500–1500 m depth and 51 species were found at depths ranging from 200–1600 m in the Scotia Sea. In the Scotia Sea, many species were unique to each of the study sites which may be evidence of allopatric speciation episodes. Site specificity was especially evident forTyphlotanaisandPseudotanais. Only three species were common to both basins. Around 90% of the species were previously undescribed. Our findings increase the number of the tanaidaceans known in the Southern Ocean by 50%.

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Schutter, Miriam, Martijn Dorenbosch, Floor M. F. Driessen, Wouter Lengkeek, Oscar G. Bos i Joop W. P. Coolen. "Oil and gas platforms as artificial substrates for epibenthic North Sea fauna: Effects of location and depth". Journal of Sea Research 153 (listopad 2019): 101782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2019.101782.

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Linse, Katrin, Angelika Brandt, Brigitte Hilbig i Gisela Wegener. "Composition and distribution of suprabenthic fauna in the south-eastern Weddell Sea and off King George Island". Antarctic Science 14, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102002000512.

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Composition, abundance, and distribution of suprabenthos from a depth between 1 and 1.33 m above the seafloor were analysed. The samples were taken during ANT XV/3 with RV Polarstern in February and March 1998 by means of the supranet of an epibenthic sledge along two transects in the southern Weddell Sea (Vestkapp and Halley Bay) and one east of King George Island. At each of these three transects, five to six stations were taken in water depth between 200 and 2000 m. In total, 34 057 specimens were sampled at 16 stations, yielding 1 205 050 individuals for all stations standardized to 1000 m3 hauls. Of these, copepods were usually the most abundant group in the supranet (805 822 ind 1000 m−3. The suprabenthic fauna of the southwest of Vestkapp (Weddell Sea) transect was dominated by planktonic taxa in terms of individual numbers especially at the deeper stations (938–1983 m). At Halley Bay the total abundance of plankton was lower but its relative abundance (> 80%) was also high, whilst off King George Island peracarid crustaceans were an important fraction.

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Nohrén, Emma, Leif Pihl i Håkan Wennhage. "Spatial patterns in community structure of motile epibenthic fauna in coastal habitats along the Skagerrak – Baltic salinity gradient". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 84, nr 1 (sierpień 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.05.012.

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Koulouri, P. T., C. G. Dounas i A. S. Eleftheriou. "A new apparatus for the direct measurement of otter trawling effects on the epibenthic and hyperbenthic macrofauna". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, nr 6 (grudzień 2003): 1363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403008828.

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A towed trawl simulator sledge (TTSS2) for collecting quantitatively small macrobenthic animals disturbed by the passage of otter trawl groundrope typical of the local fishery is described and illustrated. The TTSS2 was towed from a surface vessel at a speed within the range of commercial trawls, incorporating three sampling nets that open and close by means of an electro-mechanical system. An odometer in contact with the seabed provided a continuous record of the trawled ground. The degree of efficiency of the TTSS2—by means of the attached groundrope that stirs up the surface of the bottom ahead of the nets—was tested in the northern continental shelf of Crete (eastern Mediterranean). Additional trials with a much heavier groundrope were also performed. Analysis and comparison of TTSS2 samples with endobenthic, hyperbenthic and planktonic samples collected by means of conventional sampling gears indicate the presence of a well-defined and distinct fauna in the plume of resuspended sediment behind the groundrope.

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Pihl, L., I. Isaksson, H. Wennhage i P. O. Moksnes. "Recent increase of filamentous algae in shallow Swedish bays: Effects on the community structure of epibenthic fauna and fish". Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology 29, nr 3-4 (grudzień 1995): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02084234.

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TOLMACHEVA, T., E. EGERQUIST, T. MEIDLA, O. TINN i L. HOLMER. "Faunal composition and dynamics in unconsolidated sediments: a case study from the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic". Geological Magazine 140, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680200701x.

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The Volkhov Regional Stage (Middle Ordovician) in the East Baltic preserves diverse fossil assemblages dominated by epibenthic suspension feeders. Brachiopods, ostracodes, conodonts, echinoderms and bryozoans are the main components of palaeocommunities obtained from clay horizons in the Putilovo section (St Petersburg region, Russia), whereas trilobites, machaeridians, hyolithids, graptolites, benthic foraminifers and gastropods are rare or occur sporadically. Brachiopod bioclasts volumetrically dominate the debris of the studied sediments. Quantitative faunal data are used to assess species diversity patterns, as expressed by the species richness (total number of species in the standardized sample size) and by the evenness or equitability of the community. The numerical abundance of particular taxa in each standardized sample was used to evaluate the density of the fauna. The communities in the Volkhov Stage in Putilovo Quarry reveal a remarkable stability throughout the studied interval and are characterized by high density (1000–6000 specimens per 100 g), relatively moderate species richness (10–15 species) and a moderately variable equitability (0.3–0.7) for the dominant fossil groups (conodonts, ostracodes and brachiopods). Ostracodes significantly increase in numbers within the upper part of the section. This confirms a shallowing of the basin during the late Volkhov interval. Small-scale variability of the diversity estimates does not correlate with the small-scale sea-level changes reconstructed for this part of the basin. It may be connected with error in diversity measurement, or the result of undetected environmental parameters. Variability estimates for different faunal groups are poorly correlated because particular groups have different environmental tolerances.

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Ivanova, N. Yu, i S. D. Grebelnyi. "The history of study, the taxonomic composition and the origin of the sea anemone fauna of the Kara Sea (Actiniaria, Anthozoa, Cnidaria)". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 325, nr 2 (25.06.2021): 156–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.2.156.

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Based on the study of new collection material and literature data, the composition of the sea anemone fauna of the Kara Sea is described. It includes 13 species of 7 families. Among them are 10 species that have previously been known for this region: Urticina crassicornis (O.F. Muller, 1776), Aulactinia stella (Verrill, 1864), Hormathia digitata (O.F. Muller, 1776), Allantactis parasitica Danielssen, 1890, Actinostola callosa (Verrill, 1882), A. spetsbergensis (Carlgren, 1893), Anthosactis janmayeni Danielssen, 1890, Halcampa arctica Carlgren, 1893, Edwardsia arctica Carlgren, 1921, Ptychodactis patula Appellof, 1893, and 3 species reported for the Kara Sea for the first time: Cactosoma abyssorum Danielssen, 1890, Haliactis arctica Carlgren, 1921, and Edwardsia vitrea Danielssen, 1890. The ranges of the species are described. A detailed consideration of the species’ geographical distribution, determined by the temperature, depth and salinity, allows the anemones to be subdivided into 3 groups: a) inhabiting the shelf and associated with high salinity; b) eurybathic, associated with the high latitudes, high salinity and a narrow interval of low temperatures; c) the most widespread, withstanding desalination and low temperatures. The geographic ranges of epibenthic polyps of the infraorder Thenaria have now been thoroughly studied, but the distribution of the representatives of the infraorder Athenaria in Arctic is known only from several finds. The distribution of the only Arctic representative of the suborder Ptychodacteae, Ptychodactis patula, is known from a fairly large number of finds, but its habitat requirements are little known. Therefore, our reasoning about the sources of the formation of the Kara Sea fauna is based mainly on the data derived from the thenarians. Our analysis has confirmed the participation of the species of Atlantic origin, most resistant to low temperatures, in the formation of the Kara Sea fauna, but no convincing evidence has been found for the participation of Pacific elements in the settlement of this region.

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Moya-Urbano, Elena, Javier Urra, Pablo Marina, Marina Gallardo-núñez, J. Enrique García Raso, Patricia Bárcenas, José M. Serna Quintero i in. "Biodiversity and spatio-temporal changes of benthic and demersal assemblages of circalittoral soft bottoms of the Bay of Málaga (northern Alboran Sea)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, nr 8 (26.09.2019): 1709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419000766.

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AbstractThe Bay of Málaga is located in a high biodiversity and productivity area that harbours a wide variety of commercial species exploited by different fishing fleets. Benthic and demersal fauna from circalittoral soft bottoms have been studied using a benthic dredge (BD) (8 sampling stations) and an otter trawl (OT) (8 sampling stations on a seasonal basis). Some sediment and water column variables, as well as the trawling activity, have also been studied and used for analysing their linkage with the fauna. A total of 287 species have been found in these bottoms and fish, molluscs and crustaceans represented the most diverse and abundant faunistic groups. A new record of the decapod Hippolyte leptometrae for Spanish waters is also included in this study. Some multivariate analyses using BD samples indicated the presence of three assemblages, but these seem to represent different facies of a single benthic community due to the absence of acute sediment changes and significant differences in the fauna. OT samples only displayed differences related to seasons but not to sediment types or depth. These seasonal differences seem to be linked to biological and ecological features of both dominant and/or commercial species. Mud and organic matter contents (%OM) in sediment, as well as the temperature, were the main variables linked to the spatial distribution of the benthic community identified with BD, whereas medium and coarse sand as well as gravel contents were the main variables linked to the changes of the epibenthic and demersal assemblage resulting from OT samples. The information of this study is of importance for improving the knowledge on the biodiversity of circalittoral soft bottoms of the Mediterranean and Alboran Sea as well as for the potential creation of a Marine Fisheries Reserve in the Bay of Málaga.

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Buhs, F., i K. Reise. "Epibenthic fauna dredged from tidal channels in the Wadden Sea of Schleswig-Holstein: spatial patterns and a long-term decline". Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 51, nr 3 (grudzień 1997): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02908719.

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Ellison, Aaron M., i Elizabeth J. Farnsworth. "The ecology of Belizean mangrove-root fouling communities. I. Epibenthic fauna are barriers to isopod attack of red mangrove roots". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 142, nr 1-2 (październik 1990): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(90)90139-4.

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40

Hughes, David J. "Benthic habitat and megafaunal zonation across the Hebridean Slope, western Scotland, analysed from archived seabed photographs". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, nr 4 (13.02.2014): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413001896.

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Benthic habitat and epibenthic megafauna are described from seabed photographs taken in or near three potential deep-water Marine Protected Areas on the Hebridean Slope, surveyed in 1988, 1995–96 and 1998. Broad bathymetric zones are defined by visible substratum characteristics, and by cluster analysis using presence/absence of identified fauna. The shelf edge and upper slope (to 350 m depth) showed current-swept coarse substrata with a very sparse fauna. A transition to finer sandy sediments was apparent at 350–470 m, with a greater abundance of mobile epifauna. The brittlestar Ophiocten gracilis occurred at high density below 600 m depth in all three areas. Southern stations indicated an abrupt lower boundary for this zone at ca 1000 m. In the north, rippled sands with xenophyophores occurred below the O. gracilis zone at 1000–1100 m. Xenophyophores were also seen in smaller numbers at this depth in the south. From ~1300–1600 m a seabed of burrowed fine mud was recorded in both northern and southern areas. Bioturbated sediments on the Rockall Trough floor at ~2060 m supported more visible epifauna, principally the brittlestar Ophiomusium lymani and the octocoral Acanella arbuscula. The bathymetric pattern differs from a scheme proposed in 2010 for the deep north-east Atlantic in the lack of any obvious zonal boundary at 750 m. No cold-water corals or sponge aggregations were observed. Trawl marks were observed in all three areas, particularly in the 1998 northern survey, with highest frequency at 1300–1400 m.

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Calder, Dale R. "Associations between hydroid species assemblages and substrate types in the mangal at Twin Cays, Belize". Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, nr 8 (1.08.1991): 2067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-288.

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Hydroid species composition on various substrates in a mangrove ecosystem was investigated during the winter of 1987 at Twin Cays, Belize, Central America. Soft sediments, on which hydroids were either depauperate (peat) or not observed at all (silt, sand, mud), predominated in the study area. However, firm substrates, including submerged prop roots of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum), benthic algae (Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta), floating algae (Turbinaria turbinata and Sargassum fluitans), epibenthic invertebrates (especially sponges, hydroids, molluscs, and crustaceans), wood, and rope, supported a moderately diverse hydroid fauna (48 species). More hydroid species (22) were found on mangrove prop roots than on any other substrate. Six substrate groups and 11 species groups were recognized in numerical analyses of hydroid–substrate frequency data. Constancy of species groups for substrate groups was mostly low or very low, reflecting the low frequency of occurrence of most hydroid species in collections from Twin Cays. Fidelity of some species groups for certain substrate groups was high, especially for those groups occurring on drifting algae and rope. Although most hydroid species were relatively facultative with respect to substrate, bottom type was an important factor influencing their distributions.

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Piepenburg, Dieter, Alexander Buschmann, Amelie Driemel, Hannes Grobe, Julian Gutt, Stefanie Schumacher, Alexandra Segelken-Voigt i Rainer Sieger. "Seabed images from Southern Ocean shelf regions off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and in the southeastern Weddell Sea". Earth System Science Data 9, nr 2 (21.07.2017): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-461-2017.

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Abstract. Recent advances in underwater imaging technology allow for the gathering of invaluable scientific information on seafloor ecosystems, such as direct in situ views of seabed habitats and quantitative data on the composition, diversity, abundance, and distribution of epibenthic fauna. The imaging approach has been extensively used within the research project DynAMo (Dynamics of Antarctic Marine Shelf Ecosystems) at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven (AWI), which aimed to comparatively assess the pace and quality of the dynamics of Southern Ocean benthos. Within this framework, epibenthic spatial distribution patterns have been comparatively investigated in two regions in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean: the shelf areas off the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, representing a region with above-average warming of surface waters and sea-ice reduction, and the shelves of the eastern Weddell Sea as an example of a stable high-Antarctic marine environment that is not (yet) affected by climate change. The AWI Ocean Floor Observation System (OFOS) was used to collect seabed imagery during two cruises of the German research vessel Polarstern, ANT-XXIX/3 (PS81) to the Antarctic Peninsula from January to March 2013 and ANT-XXXI/2 (PS96) to the Weddell Sea from December 2015 to February 2016. Here, we report on the image and data collections gathered during these cruises. During PS81, OFOS was successfully deployed at a total of 31 stations at water depths between 29 and 784 m. At most stations, series of 500 to 530 pictures ( > 15 000 in total, each depicting a seabed area of approximately 3.45 m2 or 2.3 × 1.5 m) were taken along transects approximately 3.7 km in length. During PS96, OFOS was used at a total of 13 stations at water depths between 200 and 754 m, yielding series of 110 to 293 photos (2670 in total) along transects 0.9 to 2.6 km in length. All seabed images taken during the two cruises, including metadata, are available from the data publisher PANGAEA via the two persistent identifiers at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.872719 (for PS81) and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.862097 (for PS96).

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Cranford, Peter J. "Behaviour and ecological importance of a mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) population in a temperate macrotidal estuary". Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, nr 2 (1.02.1988): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-065.

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A population of Ilyanassa obsoleta was sampled during the 8-month period when they are present in the intertidal zone in the Southern Bight of Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. Mud snails were first observed in April, and spawning took place in late May and early June. Flesh weight increased between May and November, with the highest growth rates recorded during August and September. During November the population returned to the subtidal zone, where energy reserves are partially utilized during winter. Clustering and differential habitat selection (salt marsh or mud flat) within size classes resulted in large spatial variations in density, standing stock, and production. Production by I. obsoleta averaged 1.1 g C∙m−2 during their stay in the intertidal zone. The supply of carbon from epibenthic microalgae is insufficient to meet the requirements of this population. Detritus derived from Spartina is believed to be an important additional source of carbon. Ilyanassa obsoleta is not a major prey item of any of the better known predators in this region. Their importance to the intertidal community results from the direct (predation) and indirect (competition, disturbance, nutrient regeneration, and bioturbation) influence of their presence on sedimentary microbial processes and the resident benthic flora and fauna.

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Le Pape, Olivier, Loîc Baulier, Aurélie Cloarec, Jocelyne Martin, François Le Loc'h i Yves Désaunay. "Habitat suitability for juvenile common sole (Solea solea, L.) in the Bay of Biscay (France): A quantitative description using indicators based on epibenthic fauna". Journal of Sea Research 57, nr 2-3 (luty 2007): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2006.08.011.

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Damm, U., i T. Neudecker. "Comment on Buhs and Reise (1997): epibenthic fauna dredged from tidal channels in the Wadden Sea of Schleswig-Holstein: spatial patterns and a long-term decline". Helgoland Marine Research 53, nr 2 (4.11.1999): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101520050017.

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LANDING, ED, SANDRA PATRUCCO REYES, AMANDA L. ANDREAS i SAMUEL S. BOWSER. "First discovery of Early Palaeozoic Bathysiphon (Foraminifera) – test structure and habitat of a ‘living fossil’". Geological Magazine 149, nr 6 (12.04.2012): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756812000155.

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AbstractThe giant, agglutinated foraminiferan Bathysiphon Sars, previously Triassic–Recent, occurs in much older sedimentary rock (Early Ordovician, late early Tremadocian) of Avalonia. The genus extends back to c. 485 Ma based on its discovery in platform mudstone of the Chesley Drive Group in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Elongate (up to 60 mm), epibenthic Bathysiphon tubes occur in wave-rippled, green-grey mudstone with a low diversity, probably dysoxic fauna. The mudstone is coeval with and lithologically similar to the Shineton Formation in Shropshire and the Welsh Borderlands. Scanning microscopy of the Bathysiphon walls shows imbricated mica grains that parallel the long axis of the tests. The lumen has a mélange of packed sediment grains, some of which are spherical structures of siliciclastic mud studded with tetrahedral pyrite crystals. A felt-like, agglutinated test, a lumen packed with spherical structures (probable stercomata) and the domal ends of some specimens are consistent with modern Bathysiphon. This report is the first time that cytoplasmic activity and stercomata formation have been used to refer fossil protists to a modern group. Bathysiphon differs from the Cambrian foraminiferan Platysolenites Pander, which has an open lumen without stercomata, but support a comparable, sediment deposit-feeding niche. Bathysiphon is truly a ‘living fossil’, with a mode of test construction, cytoplasmic activity that formed stercomata and a niche unchanged for almost 500 million years. Foraminiferans have not been found prior to the Cambrian Period, and the Early Cambrian appearance of agglutinated foraminiferans is part of the radiation of Phanerozoic communities.

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47

Reise, K., i F. Buhs. "Reply to the comment of Damm and Neudecker (1999): long-term decline in epibenthic fauna of tidal channels near the island of Sylt in the northern Wadden Sea". Helgoland Marine Research 53, nr 2 (4.11.1999): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101520050018.

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Bremec, Claudia, Rodolfo Elías, Sofía Calla, Gabriel Genzano, Alejandro Puente-Tapia i Laura Schejter. "Polychaetes from Burdwood Bank: “Namuncurá I” Marine Protected Area and slope, SW Atlantic Ocean". Revista de Biología Tropical 67, S5 (10.09.2019): S119—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67is5.38937.

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Introduction: The first open-sea (non-coastal) Marine Protected Area in Argentina, named “Namuncurá I” (NMPA), was created in 2013 at Burdwood Bank (BB), an undersea plateau located about 200 km south from Malvinas Islands (Falkland Islands) and 150 km east from Staten Island, SW Atlantic Ocean. It comprises three different management areas: the central one (“core”, strict protection, only control and monitoring activities), surrounded by a “buffer” area (authorized activities, e.g. scientific research) and an external “transition” area (productive and extractive activities contemplated in the Management Plan). Beyond the transition area, only the southern shelf-break is protected, after the creation of the “Namuncurá II” MPA in December 2018. Objective: provide the inventory of polychaetes collected during 2016 and 2017 at the core (98 m depth), buffer (128 m depth), transition (133 m-189 m depth) areas of the Namuncurá I MPA, together with slope areas (220 m-798 m depth). Methods: taken with a trawl net used to characterize the faunal assemblages and to compare results with other Magellan areas. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were applied to a Bray-Curtis similarity index to assess polychaete assemblages in the NMPA - BB slope and Magellan region respectively; SIMPER (Similarity Percentage Analyses) and ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarities) were performed. Results: A total of 918 individuals, which correspond to 39 taxa distributed in 22 families, were recorded in samples from NMPA and BB slope, mainly epibenthic or associated with the large corals collected. Ampharete kerguelensis McIntosh, 1885; Hyalinoecia artifex Verrill, 1880; Idanthyrsus macropaleus (Schmarda, 1861); Laetmonice producta Grube, 1877; Onuphis pseudoiridescens Averincev, 1972; Pista mirabilis McIntosh 1885 and Terebellides malvinensis Bremec & Elias, 1999 constitute new records for Burdwood Bank. A similar polychaete assemblage characterized the three areas of NMPA and slope locations, while H. artifex characterized locations at the NW deepest slope of the bank. Conclusions: These results indicate strong connections between the fauna collected at NMPA and the polychaetes assemblage in other Magellan areas dominated by soft bottoms. The biogeographic importance of the BB as connection for benthic polychaete species between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula merits future investigation.

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Yasuhara, Moriaki, Maria Grimm, Simone N. Brandão, Anna Jöst, Hisayo Okahashi, Hokuto Iwatani, Alexandra Ostmann i Pedro Martínez Arbizu. "Deep-sea Benthic Ostracodes from Multiple Core and Epibenthic Sledge Samples in Icelandic Waters". Polish Polar Research 35, nr 2 (29.07.2014): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2014-0001.

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AbstractDeep-sea benthic Ostracoda (Crustacea) in Icelandic waters are poorly known. Here we report deep-sea ostracode assemblages from the multiple core (MUC) and the epibenthic sledge (EBS) samples collected from Icelandic waters by the first cruise of the IceAGE (Icelandic Marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology) project. Samples from shelf-edge and lower-bathyal working areas are examined. The results show (1) distinct MUC and EBS faunas due to the large difference in mesh size of MUC and EBS; and (2) distinct shelf-edge and lower-bathyal ostracode faunas. Such remarkable faunal turnover from shelf to bathyal depths is similar to the faunal turnovers reported from depth transects in the adjacent regions of the western North Atlantic Ocean, the Greenland Sea, and the North Sea, but, at the same time, there are certain differences in the faunal composition between the Icelandic waters and these adjacent regions. In addition, we illustrate many Icelandic deep-sea ostracode species with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and composite all-in-focus stereomicroscopic images for the first time. These results provide important basic information on deep-sea ostracode research and biogeography of this important region connecting North Atlantic proper and Nordic Seas.

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Brix, Saskia, Karen J. Osborn, Stefanie Kaiser, Sarit B. Truskey, Sarah M. Schnurr, Nils Brenke, Marina Malyutina i Pedro Martinez Arbizu. "Adult life strategy affects distribution patterns in abyssal isopods – implications for conservation in Pacific nodule areas". Biogeosciences 17, nr 23 (9.12.2020): 6163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6163-2020.

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Abstract. With increasing pressure to extract minerals from the deep-sea bed, understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that limit the spatial distribution of species is critical to assessing ecosystem resilience to mining impacts. The aim of our study is to gain a better knowledge about the abyssal isopod crustacean fauna of the central Pacific manganese nodule province (Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone, CCZ). In total, we examined 22 epibenthic sledge (EBS) samples taken at five abyssal areas located in the central northern Pacific including four contracting areas and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI3). Additional samples come from the DISturbance and reCOLonization experiment (DISCOL) area situated in the Peru Basin, southeastern Pacific. Using an integrative approach that combined morphological and genetic methods with species delimitation analyses (SDs) we assessed patterns of species range size, diversity, and community composition for four different isopod families (Munnopsidae Lilljeborg, 1864; Desmosomatidae Sars, 1897; Haploniscidae Hansen, 1916; and Macrostylidae Hansen, 1916) displaying different dispersal capacities as adults. Isopods are brooders, so their distribution and connectivity cannot be explained by larval dispersal but rather by adult locomotion. In particular, our objectives were to (1) identify potential differences in the distributional ranges of isopod families relative to their locomotory potential and to (2) evaluate the representativeness of the APEI for the preservation of regional biodiversity in the CCZ following mining disturbances. From 619 specimens, our SD analysis could distinguish 170 species, most of which were new to science (94.1 %). We found that increased locomotory ability correlated with higher species diversity with 9 species of Macrostylidae, 23 of Haploniscidae, 52 of Desmosomatidae, and 86 of Munnopsidae. This is supported by family-level rarefaction analyses. As expected, we found the largest species ranges in the families with swimming abilities, with a maximum recorded species range of 5245 and 4480 km in Munnopsidae and Desmosomatidae, respectively. The less motile Haploniscidae and Macrostylidae had maximal species ranges of 1391 and 1440 km, respectively. Overall, rarefaction analyses indicated that species richness did not vary much between areas, but the real number of species was still not sufficiently sampled. This is also indicated by the large proportion of singletons (40.5 %) found in this study. The investigated contractor areas in the CCZ were more similar in species composition and had a higher proportion of shared species between each other than the closely located APEI3 and the distantly located DISCOL area. In fact, the DISCOL area, located in the Peru Basin, had more species in common with the core CCZ areas than APEI3. In this regard, APEI3 does not appear to be representative as serving as a reservoir for the fauna of the investigated contractor areas, at least for isopods, as it has a different species composition. Certainly, more data from other APEIs, as well as preservation reference zones within contractor areas, are urgently needed in order to assess their potential as resources of recolonization of impacted seabed.

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