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Książki na temat „Environmental uncertainty theory”

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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2023

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1

John, Lemons, red. Scientific uncertainty and environmental problem solving. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell Science, 1996.

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Robert, Nau, i International Conference on the Foundations and Applications of Utility, Risk, and Decision Theories (7th : 1994 : Oslo, Norway), red. Economic and environmental risk and uncertainty: New models and methods. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997.

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Carlo, Jaeger, red. Risk, uncertainty, and rational action. London: Earthscan, 2001.

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M, Warburton, i Hatley T, red. Uncertainty on a Himalayan scale: An institutional theory of environmental perception and a strategic framework for the sustainable development of the Himalaya. Lalitpur: Himal Books, 2007.

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M, Thompson. Uncertainty on a Himalayan scale: An institutional theory of environmental perception and a strategic framework for the sustainable development of the Himalaya. London: Milton Ash, 1986.

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Baveye, P. Uncertainties in environmental modelling and consequences for policy making. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.

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M, Warburton, i Hatley T, red. Uncertainty on a Himalayan scale: Am institutional theory of environmental perception and a strategic framework for the sustainable development of the Himalaya. London: Milton Ash Editions/Ethnographica, 1986.

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Thompson, Michael. Uncertainty on a Himalayan scale: An institutional theory of environmental perception and a strategic framework for the sustainable development of the Himalaya. London: Milton Ash Editions, 1986.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, red. Risk Analysis of Complex and Uncertain Systems. Boston, MA: Springer-Verlag US, 2009.

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Uncertainty '96 (1996 Madison, Wis.). Uncertainty in the geologic environment: From theory to practice : proceedings of Uncertainty '96, July 31-August 3, 1996, Madison, Wisconsin. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996.

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Letellier, Sophie. Coping with change: Theory and case study of strategy formulation in an uncertain environment. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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A systems approach to leadership: How to create sustained high performance in a complex and uncertain environment. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

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13

Lemons, John. Scientific Uncertainty and Its Implications for Environmental Problem Solving (Environmental Sciences Library). Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1996.

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14

Machina, Mark J., Robert Nau, Erik Grønn i Olvar Bergland. Economic and Environmental Risk and Uncertainty: New Models and Methods. Springer, 2013.

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Measham, Thomas, i Stewart Lockie, red. Risk and Social Theory in Environmental Management. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104136.

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Risk and Social Theory in Environmental Management marks a timely contribution, given that environmental management is no longer just about protecting pristine ecosystems and endangered species from anthropogenic harm; it is about calculating and managing the risks to human communities of rapid environmental and technological change. Firstly, the book provides a solid foundation of the social theory underpinning the nature of risk, then presents a re-thinking of key concepts and methods in order to take more seriously the biophysical embeddedness of human society. Secondly, it presents a rich set of case studies from Australia and around the world, drawing on the latest applied research conducted by leading research institutions. In so doing, the book identifies the tensions that arise from decision-making over risk and uncertainty in a contested policy environment, and provides crucial insights for addressing on-ground problems in an integrated way.
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(Editor), Robert Nau, Erik Grønn (Editor), Mark J. Machina (Editor) i Olvar Bergland (Editor), red. Economic and Environmental Risk and Uncertainty: New Models and Methods (Theory and Decision Library B). Springer, 1997.

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17

Renn, Ortwin, Eugene A. Rosa, Thomas Webler i Carlo C. Jaeger. Risk, Uncertainty and Rational Action. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Renn, Ortwin, Eugene A. Rosa, Thomas Webler i Carlo C. Jaeger. Risk, Uncertainty and Rational Action. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Marley M. B. R. Vellasco i Marco A. C. Pacheco. Intelligent Systems in Oil Field Development under Uncertainty. Springer London, Limited, 2009.

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Intelligent Systems In Oil Field Development Under Uncertainty. Springer, 2009.

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Marley M. B. R. Vellasco i Marco A. C. Pacheco. Intelligent Systems in Oil Field Development under Uncertainty. Springer, 2010.

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22

Renn, Ortwin, Eugene A. Rosa i Thomas Webler. RISK UNCERTAINTY RATION ACTION (hb (Earthscan Risk and Society Series). Earthscan Publications Ltd., 2001.

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author, Treverton Gregory F., red. National intelligence and science: Beyond the great divide in analysis and policy. Oxford University Press, 2015.

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24

Jones, Nolan. The Diversian Method. Glasstree, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20850/9781534204270.

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The Diversian Method is a collection of logics, strategies and rationales that best prepare environments for handling uncertain demands and outcomes. Starting from very loose concepts, this collection gradually builds a concrete and formal understanding of diversity and it’s value within uncertain environments. The volumes contained within this book can be considered as a basis for the Diversian Method in general. Additionally, the content of these volumes will provide the foundations for proceeding volumes and applications of the Diversian Method as a whole. Volume one will explore a general philosophy of diversity and it's relationship towards uncertainty and value theory. The second volume presents formal logics describing diversity and related concepts, and resolves concerns of volume one. Lastly, volume three explores strategies agents can take to best promote diversity and formal logics which describe the inner workings of such strategies.
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Jones, Nolan. The Diversian Method. Glasstree, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20850/9781534204324.

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The Diversian Method is a collection of logics, strategies and rationales that best prepare environments for handling uncertain demands and outcomes. Starting from very loose concepts, this collection gradually builds a concrete and formal understanding of diversity and it’s value within uncertain environments. The volumes contained within this book can be considered as a basis for the Diversian Method in general. Additionally, the content of these volumes will provide the foundations for proceeding volumes and applications of the Diversian Method as a whole. Volume one will explore a general philosophy of diversity and it's relationship towards uncertainty and value theory. The second volume presents formal logics describing diversity and related concepts, and resolves concerns of volume one. Lastly, volume three explores strategies agents can take to best promote diversity and formal logics which describe the inner workings of such strategies.
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26

American Society of Civil Engineers Geotechnical Engineering Division (Corporate Author), Charles D. Shackelford (Editor), Priscilla P. Nelson (Editor) i Mary Jane Roth (Editor), red. Uncertainty in the Geologic Environment: From Theory to Practice, Proceedings of Uncertainty '96, July 31-August 3, 1996, Madison, Wisconsin (Geotechnical Special Publications, No. 58). American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996.

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27

Aldred, Jonathan. Risk and Precaution in Decision Making about Nature. Redaktorzy Stephen M. Gardiner i Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.32.

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The normative bases for two fundamentally different approaches to environmental decision making are examined. First, orthodox “risk assessment.” In the conditions of (partial) uncertainty or ignorance prevailing in many environmental decisions, it is argued that CBA and similar forms of risk assessment should not be used in isolation. Second, the precautionary principle. Two conditions—broadly speaking, “uncertainty” and “particular threats”—seem especially relevant to determining the applicability of the precautionary principle. Gardiner’s “Rawlsian Core Precautionary Principle” is examined in detail. It features both conditions; an incommensurabilist interpretation of the latter is adopted. In short, precaution is justified in decision contexts involving both uncertainty and incommensurability. Since both uncertainty and incommensurability are matters of degree, there are intermediate cases to consider. The analysis argues that with “more” uncertainty, “less” incommensurability is required to justify precaution, and vice versa.
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Plutynski, Anya. Evidence and Environmental Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199967452.003.0005.

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In this chapter, I consider two case studies in environmental epidemiology of cancer, in service of several aims. First, I argue that while identification of mechanisms is useful, they are neither necessary nor sufficient to justify claims about causal regularities in epidemiology. Second, I argue that Hill’s list of considerations are not “criteria” for judging that X is a cause, but rather a set of guidelines and an argument for consideration of total evidence in conditions of uncertainty. Third, I argue that standards of evidence for establishing causation ought in part to hinge upon what we intend to use the evidence for. Since epidemiological data is so important for law and policy, the practical matter of what the causal information is for must be taken into account in setting standards of assessments of evidence.
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29

Yoshifumi, Tanaka. Part V Regional Perspectives on Global Ocean Governance, 12 The Asian Perspective on Global Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198824152.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses issues of global ocean governance from an Asian perspective. The Asian Seas regions face four challenges relating to marine pollution, conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity, adverse impacts of climate change upon the oceans, and maritime security. Before analysing these challenges in detail, the chapter considers two paradigms of ocean governance that the international law of the sea attempts to balance: the traditional paradigm based on co-existence of States; and a new paradigm based on notions of inter-dependency between governments, human communities and the natural environment thus requiring new, more co-operative arrangements. It also examines elements of uncertainty in the Asian Seas regions and notes that there is no regional treaty concerning marine environmental protection in those regions.
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Aloysius P, Llamzon. Part I Transnational Corruption and International Efforts at its Control, 2 The Nature of Transnational Corruption. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198714262.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a working definition of transnational corruption, including its history and the elements that constitute the ‘corruption equation’. It then takes a closer look at contemporary corruption by considering two extremes: that of developing States with kleptocratic rulers, and mature industrial democracies. It concludes that in a global environment of contractual uncertainty, corporate actors are under considerable pressure to maintain the economic viability of present and future projects, and ‘the persistence of experienced operators’ in those industries is necessary to produce reasonable returns. In many cases, to help compensate for such uncertainty, corruption is used as a tool to ensure certainty in two areas that may adversely affect their investment: political uncertainty and economic uncertainty.
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Clark, Gordon L., i Ashby H. B. Monk. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793212.003.0001.

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It is acknowledged that institutional investors underpin the structure and performance of global financial markets. There is no doubt that the growth of institutional investors over the past fifty years has given global financial markets a remarkable depth of liquidity and scope of activities. At the same time, institutional investors rely on financial markets to frame and implement their investment strategies. Therefore, it is important to understand what is distinctive about this environment compared with those of other industries, especially manufacturing. In Chapter 1, the authors explain the significance of financial risk and uncertainty in the production of investment returns from a viewpoint of what could be termed a map of financial risk and uncertainty. The role and significance of institutional investors, including asset owners, managers and service providers, is highlighted. Concluding Chapter 1 is a summary of key points for the following chapters in the book.
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Little, Peter C. Burning Matters. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190934545.001.0001.

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This book explores the complex cultural, economic, and environmental health politics of electronic waste (e-waste) in Ghana. Global trade in e-waste has led to various global e-waste management challenges, and many regions of the Global South, like Ghana, have suffered the consequences. Based on ethnographic research, the book exposes the lived experience of Ghana’s e-waste workers as they navigate the health, social, and economic challenges of e-waste labor, especially e-waste workers burning electrical wires to extract copper, a valuable and ubiquitous tech metal. With a particular focus on e-waste workers working in an urban scrap metal market known as Agbogbloshie, the book examines the ways in which this labor practice has raised concerns about toxic exposures and urban environmental contamination and has drawn the attention of international organizations seeking to find “green” solutions to severe environmental and health risks posed by e-waste burning. Addressing the practices and risks of e-waste burning and the politics and optimism of environmental health interventions, the book explores the theoretical import of the “pyropolitical ecology of e-waste,” an approach developed to augment and synthesize the emerging anthropology and political ecology of e-waste ruination, environmental justice, and uncertainty in the Global South.
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Reeder-Myers, Leslie, John A. Turck i Torben C. Rick, red. The Archaeology of Human-Environmental Dynamics on the North American Atlantic Coast. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066134.001.0001.

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Using archaeology as a tool for understanding long-term ecological and climatic change, this volume synthesizes current knowledge about the ways Native Americans interacted with their environments along the Atlantic coast over the past 10,000 years. Leading scholars discuss how the region’s indigenous peoples grappled with significant changes to shorelines and estuaries, from sea level rise to shifting plant and animal distributions to European settlement and urbanization. Together, they provide a valuable perspective spanning millennia on the diverse marine and nearshore ecosystems of the entire eastern seaboard—the icy waters of Newfoundland and the Gulf of Maine, the Middle Atlantic regions of the New York Bight and the Chesapeake Bay, and the warm shallows of the St. Johns River and the Florida Keys. This broad comparative outlook brings together populations and areas previously studied in isolation. Today, the Atlantic coast is home to tens of millions of people who inhabit ecosystems that are in dramatic decline. The research in this volume not only illuminates the past but also provides important tools for managing coastal environments into an uncertain future.
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Tang, Qiuhong, i Guoyong Leng, red. Climate Risk and Sustainable Water Management. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108787291.

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Climate change is leading to changing patterns of precipitation and increasingly extreme global weather. There is an urgent need to synthesize our current knowledge on climate risks to water security, which in turn is fundamental for achieving sustainable water management. Climate Risk and Sustainable Water Management discusses hydrological extremes, climate variability, climate impact assessment, risk analysis, and hydrological modelling. It provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary exploration of climate risks to water security, helping to guide sustainable water management in a changing and uncertain future. The relevant theory is accessibly explained using examples throughout, helping readers to apply the knowledge learned to their own situations and challenges. This textbook is especially valuable to students of hydrology, resource management, climate change, and geography, as well as a reference textbook for researchers, civil and environmental engineers, and water management professionals concerned with water-related hazards, water cycles, and climate change.
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Wenzel, Amy. Perinatal Psychology. Redaktor Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.33.

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Most adults undergo the transition to parenthood, yet there is a great deal of mystery and uncertainty inherent in this period of time. Because the perinatal period is of great interest to scholars and laypeople alike, much research has been dedicated to the psychological, behavioral, physiological, and neurochemical experiences associated with pregnancy and lactation. This chapter identifies key themes in the perinatal literature and future directions for research. An abundance of research has characterized and described the changes that women undergo during the transition to parenthood, the effects of adjustment problems on women and their infants, and interventions to assist women who are experiencing or are at risk for adjustment problems. Future interdisciplinary research is necessary to capture the complex interactions among psychological, behavioral, physiological, neurochemical, and environmental variables that can explain good and poor outcomes associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum adjustment.
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Jappelli, Tullio, i Luigi Pistaferri. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0015.

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The final chapter summarizes the material covered by the book, offering our perspectives on areas of consent, disagreement, and future research. The book analyzes how consumers respond to changes in their economic environment and react to risks they face during the life cycle. In addressing these issues, the basic life-cycle permanent-income model is augmented with other significant features of consumers’ preferences and environment: precautionary motives for saving, borrowing constraints, life span uncertainty, intergenerational transfers, non-separability between consumption and leisure, habits, and financial sophistication. By and large, one can reconcile some puzzling facts present in the empirical data by means of relatively modest modifications of the basic version of the model, such as provision for home production and non-separable preferences between consumption and leisure. However, in order to explain other “anomalies” and “puzzles” observed in individuals’ actual saving and financial behaviors, more important modifications to the standard framework are required.
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Lyster, Haifa. Antimicrobial stewardship in the immunocompromised patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0011.

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Immunocompromised patients are at a high risk of infection with resistant organisms due to their increased exposure to hospital environments, including the intensive care unit, their frequent need for invasive procedures, and increased antimicrobial use. To limit this growing trend, and due to the paucity of development of new antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action, the judicious use of the agents currently available should be encouraged. A broad spectrum of possible infections combined with the diagnostic uncertainty, clinical condition, and the specialist teams’ perceptions make antimicrobial stewardship very difficult. However, evidence presented in this chapter illustrates how stewardship in the immunocompromised host may be achieved.
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Frantz, Erica. Autocracy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.3.

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Dictatorships have dominated global politics for hundreds of years, from the pharaohs of Egypt to the absolute monarchs of Europe. Though democracy has since spread to much of the world, about a third of today’s countries are still ruled by dictatorship. And yet, compared to democracies, we know very little about how dictatorships work, who the key political actors are, and where decision-making powers lie. Political processes are opaque, and information is often intentionally distorted. Political survival depends not on maintaining the favor of voters, as in democracies, but on securing the backing of a considerably smaller coalition of supporters. The absence of a reliable third party to enforce compromises among key players means that power-sharing deals lack credibility and the threat of forced ouster is omnipresent. Uncertainty pervades authoritarian politics.Modern autocrats respond to this uncertain environment in a variety of ways. They use political parties, legislatures, elections, and other institutions typically associated with democracies to lessen their risk of overthrow. Despite the façade of democracy, these institutions are key components of most autocrats’ survival strategies; those that incorporate them last longer in power than those that do not. The specific ways in which autocratic institutions are used and the extent to which they can constrain leadership choices to prevent consolidation of power into the hands of a single individual, however, vary enormously from one dictatorship to the next. Better understanding the conditions that push autocracies down a path of collegial versus strongman rule remains a critical task, particularly given that the latter is associated with more war, economic mismanagement, and resistance to democratization.
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Anderson, Deb. Endurance. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486301218.

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Endurance presents stories of ordinary Australians grappling with extraordinary circumstances, providing insight into their lives, their experiences with drought and their perceptions of climate change. The book opens with the physical impacts, science, politics and economics of drought and climate change in rural Australia. It then highlights the cultural and historical dimensions — taking us to the Mallee wheat-belt, where researcher Deb Anderson interviewed farm families from 2004 to 2007, as climate change awareness grew. Each story is grouped into one of three themes: Survival, Uncertainty and Adaptation. Illustrated with beautiful colour photographs from Museum Victoria, Endurance will appeal to anyone with an interest in life stories, rural Australia and the environment.
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Paga, Jessica. Building Democracy in Late Archaic Athens. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083571.001.0001.

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In 508/7 B.C.E., after years of stasis and uncertainty, the city of Athens was rocked by a momentous occurrence: the passage of a series of reforms that resulted in the creation of what has come to be known as the world’s first democracy. Exactly how the Athenians did this is still a fundamental question 2,500 years later. This book provides a novel answer to these questions by considering the built environment broadly and monumental architecture specifically. The reforms transformed the very nature of what it meant to be Athenian and their far-reaching effects would come to leave their mark on nearly every aspect of society, including the structures at which they prayed and in which they debated legislation. This book investigates the built environment of ancient Athens precisely during this time, the Late Archaic period (ca. 514/13–480/79 B.C.E.). It was in these decades, filled with transition and disorder, that the Athenians transformed their political system from a tyranny to a democracy. Amidst concurrent sociopolitical changes, they altered the physical landscape and undertook the monumental articulation of the city and countryside. Interpreting the nature of the fledgling democracy from a material standpoint, this book approaches the questions and problems of the early political system through the lens of buildings. It draws attention to a pivotal period in Athenian political history through the built environment, thereby exposing the richness of the material record and illustrating how it participated in the creation of a new demotic Athenian identity.
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Cork, Steven, red. Resilience and Transformation. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098138.

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Resilience and Transformation explores what factors contribute to Australia’s resilience, what trends are apparent, and what actions are required to better prepare us for the immediate and longer term future. Resilience is a word used more and more across societies worldwide as decision makers realise that predicting and controlling the future does not work and that preparing for uncertainty and surprise is vital. Many viewpoints have emerged on how to assess and achieve resilience of individuals, organisations, communities and ecosystems, but rarely has the resilience of a nation been considered. As Australia moves into a millennium that promises major economic, social, technological and environmental change, Australia21 has assembled some of Australia’s leading thinkers to give their perspectives on the extent and direction of resilience across our nation’s social, economic, ecological and disaster management systems.
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Roe, Mark J. Missing the Target. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197625620.001.0001.

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Stock-market-driven short-termism is crippling the US economy, according to legal, judicial, and media thinking. Firms forgo the R&D they need, cut capital spending, and buy back their own stock so feverishly that they starve themselves of cash. The stock market is the primary cause: directors and managers cannot manage for the long-term when their shareholders furiously trade their companies’ stocks, they cannot invest enough when stockholders demand rising quarterly profits, they must slash R&D when investors demand that precious cash be used to buy back stock, and they cannot even strategize about the long-term when shareholder activists demand immediate results. The stock market’s short-termism is also blamed for environmental degradation, for contributing to global warming, and for employee mistreatment. This book shows, however, that the purported ills emanating from stock-market short-termism are either not shown, likely to minor, demonstrably false, or due to other pernicious economic causes. The social costs attributed to corporate short-termsim—environmental degradation, mistreatment of stakeholders, riaking climate catastrophe—emanate more from selfishness than from distorted time horizons, as we shall see. Moreover, public and policymaker obsession with stock-market short-termism as upsetting the economy and settled arrangements is explained more by dissatisfaction with the rapidity of technological change, the increasing uncertainty and instability of the workplace, and a dissatisfaction with overall economic arrangements. Lawmakers and pundits can readily miss more likely causes of the underlying issues—like how best to push forward US R&D—by mistakenly aiming at stock-market short-termism. After considering what the evidence tells us, we consider what political and social reasons could explain the issue’s prominence.
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43

Vincent, Amy, Sead Alihodzic i Stephen Gale. Risk Management in Elections: A Guide for Electoral Management Bodies. Australian Electoral Commission and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.62.

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When electoral risks are not understood and addressed, they can undermine the credibility of the process and the results it yields. Electoral management bodies (EMBs) encounter numerous risks across all phases of the electoral cycle. They operate in environments that are increasingly complex and volatile and where factors such as technology, demographics, insecurity, inaccurate or incomplete information and natural calamities, create increasing uncertainty. The experiences of EMBs show that when formal risk management processes are successfully implemented, the benefits are profound. Greater risk awareness helps organizations to focus their resources on where they are most needed, thus achieving cost-effectiveness. Over the last decade it has been observed that EMBs are increasingly moving from informal to formal risk management processes. The purpose of this Guide is to lay out a set of practical steps for EMBs on how to establish or advance their risk management framework. The Guide’s chapters reflect the breadth of key considerations in the implementation process and offer basic resources to assist in the process.
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Persephone, Economou, i Karl P. Sauvant. FDI trends in 2010–2011 and the challenge of investment policies for outward foreign direct investment. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780199983025.016.0001.

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This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the latest trends in foreign direct investment (FDI). It then turns to an analysis of policies related to outward foreign direct investment and discusses issues that relate to them. It argues that FDI flows have managed to sustain their recovery in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, but considerable uncertainty about prospects over the next few years remains. Emerging markets have strengthened their position in the global FDI landscape in terms of both inward and outward investment. Outward FDI policies can play a vital role in creating an environment that allows domestic firms that have the capability to become multinational enterprises (MNEs) to invest overseas and strengthen their competitiveness. The challenge is to ensure that MNE efficiency and competitiveness gains from outward FDI translate into benefits for the home economies.
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45

Ben-Haim, Yakov. The Dilemmas of Wonderland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822233.001.0001.

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Innovations create both opportunities and dilemmas. Innovations provide new and purportedly better opportunities, but—because of their newness—they are often more uncertain and potentially worse than existing options. There are new drugs, new energy sources, new foods, new manufacturing technologies, new toys and new pedagogical methods, new weapon systems, new home appliances, and many other discoveries and inventions. To use or not to use a new and promising but unfamiliar and hence uncertain innovation? That dilemma faces just about everybody. Furthermore, the paradigm of the innovation dilemma characterizes many situations even when a new technology is not actually involved. The dilemma arises from new attitudes, like individual responsibility for the global environment, or new social conceptions, like global allegiance and self-identity transcending all nation-states. These dilemmas have far-reaching implications for individuals, organizations, and society at large as they make decisions in the age of innovation. The uncritical belief in outcome optimization—“more is better, so most is best”—pervades decision-making in all domains, but this is often irresponsible when facing the uncertainties of innovation. There is a great need for practical conceptual tools for understanding and managing the dilemmas of innovation. This book offers a new direction for a wide audience. It discusses examples from many fields, including e-reading, online learning, bipolar disorder and pregnancy, disruptive technology in industry, stock markets, agricultural productivity and world hunger, military hardware, military intelligence, biological conservation, and more.
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46

Teele, Dawn Langan. Forging the Franchise. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691180267.001.0001.

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In the 1880s, women were barred from voting in all national-level elections, but by 1920 they were going to the polls in nearly thirty countries. What caused this massive change? Contrary to conventional wisdom, it was not because of progressive ideas about women or suffragists' pluck. In most countries, elected politicians fiercely resisted enfranchising women, preferring to extend such rights only when it seemed electorally prudent and necessary to do so. This book demonstrates that the formation of a broad movement across social divides, and strategic alliances with political parties in competitive electoral conditions, provided the leverage that ultimately transformed women into voters. As the book shows, in competitive environments, politicians had incentives to seek out new sources of electoral influence. A broad-based suffrage movement could reinforce those incentives by providing information about women's preferences, and an infrastructure with which to mobilize future female voters. At the same time that politicians wanted to enfranchise women who were likely to support their party, suffragists also wanted to enfranchise women whose political preferences were similar to theirs. In contexts where political rifts were too deep, suffragists who were in favor of the vote in principle mobilized against their own political emancipation. Exploring tensions between elected leaders and suffragists and the uncertainty surrounding women as an electoral group, the book sheds new light on the strategic reasons behind women's enfranchisement.
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47

Romanowski, Nick. Wetland Weeds. CSIRO Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643103962.

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This comprehensive guide to wetland weeds covers both native and introduced species, ranging from minor or localised environmental problems to those that should not be tolerated in any situation. The author takes a pragmatic approach to weed control, recognising that some weeds may not be possible to eradicate, and emphasising the need to assess the extent and future potential of any infestation before taking action. Weed control should be planned in the context of the overall management goals for any type of wetland, the types of habitat weeds provide or overrun, and whether they can be replaced successfully with more appropriate plants. A range of strategies for controlling wetland weeds are considered, from containment actions to prevent the development of a soil seed bank to physical removal, and biological approaches from biocontrol to shading, overplanting and use of turbidity. The widespread use of chemical controls is also discussed, with the warning that these are often only a short-term cure and can cause more harm to aquatic ecosystems than the weeds they are holding at bay. More than 130 species of established weeds are included with information on their origins, nutrient responses, environmental effects, habitat values, prospects for containment or eradication, and even culinary uses. Other sections look at native plants as weeds, including a number of species of uncertain origins, and potential weeds still being legally sold through the aquarium and nursery trades.
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Cary, Geoffrey, David Lindenmayer i Stephen Dovers, red. Australia Burning. CSIRO Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643090965.

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The phenomenon of fire in the Australian landscape traverses many interests and disciplines. At a national level, there is an urgent need for the integration of both the natural and social sciences in the formulation of public policy. With contributions from 30 leading experts, Australia Burning draws together these issues, under the themes: Ecology and the environment Fire behaviour and fire regime science People and property Policy, institutional arrangements and the legal framework Indigenous land and fire management The book examines some of the key questions that relate to the ecology, prediction and management of fire, urban planning, law, insurance, and community issues, including indigenous and non-indigenous concerns. It looks at what we need to know to inform public policy, given the present risks and uncertainty, and explores the avenues for closer integration between science, policy and the community.
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Regalado, Samuel O. Barbed Wire Baseball. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037351.003.0006.

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This chapter describes the uncertain fate of the Nikkei baseball community at the onset of World War II. During this time the Nikkei community was the portrait of a dual existence: an isolated enclave that struggled to find balance between the Japanese spirit drawn from its past and an unconditional duty to display its loyalty to the United States. Japanese American baseball in this period exemplified the Nikkei conundrum. Designed to give its youth an opportunity to play the national pastime in a secure and controlled environment, leaders of their leagues rarely omitted any display that spoke to American patriotism. Yet, apart from a few teams and players, the entire structure of Nikkei baseball existed in virtual isolation from the very group with whom they hoped to someday fuse.
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Weller, Patrick. Prime Ministers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199646203.003.0001.

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Prime ministers dominate, but still lose office. Why? This chapter explores the conundrum that infests debates on the prime ministers’ power and influence. It examines the ambiguous and uncertain institutional environment with its scope for initiatives and choices. It rejects normative notions of what prime ministers should do and illustrates that accusations of excessive power and ambition have been thrown at prime ministers from the very beginning. It identifies the strategy of the book: to compare institutional arrangements in four Westminster systems—Britain, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand—to see how prime ministers have chosen to define their role. It proposes tests for assessing prime ministers and for judging their performance and options.
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