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1
Carmer, Stephen I. "Corporate Environmental Strategies for Balancing Profitability with Environmental Stewardship". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7279.
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In the United States, citizens concerned with climate change and income inequity scrutinize the activities of corporations. Sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) have a critical role in business management, because stakeholders demand transparency in a company's operations. This correlation study, grounded in stakeholder theory, examined the relationship between environmental initiatives, CSR, and net profit for U.S. corporations. Participants included 96 companies with listing on either National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, or the New York Stock Exchange, or both, with and without evidence of CSR and environmental disclosures. The multiple regression analysis significantly predicted higher net profit for companies disclosing CSR information, with the statistical evidence demonstrating the importance of environmental and social responsibility, F(2,93) = 31.650, p = .00, R2 = .405. The environmental variable was not significant at p = .651, while the CSR variable proved significant at p = .04, indicating a need for organizations to participate in CSR activities. Recommendations for further research entail exploring the return on assets, net profit ratio, and return on equity. Implications of study findings for social change include support for companies to participate in global reporting organizations and CSR activities.
2
MacWilliam, Devon Hudson. "Achieving environmental justice applying civil rights strategies to environmental justice /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/457041057/viewonline.
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Meilinger, Tobias. "Strategies of orientation in environmental spaces". Berlin Logos-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990542068/04.
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Suzuki, Takeharu, i n/a. "Integrated, Intelligent Sensor Fabrication Strategies for Environmental Monitoring". Griffith University. School of Microelectronic Engineering, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040813.131206.
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The humidity, temperature, wind speed/direction micro sensors can be manufactured individually, resulting in three individual substrates. The integration of the three sensors into a single substrate is a vital challenge to achieve an integrated intelligent sensor so called a multiple sensor. This requires the integration of process flows and is a major challenge because adequate sensor performance must be maintained. Polyimide was selected as a humidity sensing material for its compatibility with conventional integrated circuit fabrication technology, negligible temperature dependence and good resistance against contamination. Nickel was selected for the temperature and wind speed/direction sensor because of its useful temperature coefficient and the advantage of its cost. Since the known wet etchant for nickel requires hard-baked photoresist, a method which does not attack the polyimide while removing the photoresist must be developed. The method developed for etching nickel employs hard-bake-free photoresist. Other challenge was ensuring good thermal isolation for the wind speed/direction sensor fabricated on a silicon nitride layer preformed on top of a silicon wafer. Since silicon acts as a good heat sink, the silicon under the sensor was etched entirely away until the silicon nitride layer was reached. This structure achieved good thermal isolation resulting in small power consumption. This low power feature is essential for sensors deployed in fields where power access or replacement of power sources is restricted. This structure was compared with the structure created by polyimide plateau on a silicon nitride layer coated on a silicon substrate as a function of power consumption. Based on the examination of thermal isolation, the multiple sensor utilizing a MEMS technique was fabricated with a single-sided mask aligner. The characteristics of humidity sensors fabricated with polyimide were examined in detail with respect to variations of electrode structures, improvement of sensitivity, effect of process temperature, temperature and frequency dependence, and stability. The humidity sensor constructed with O2 plasma treated polyimide resulted an improvement in sensitivity and hysteresis. The investigation using XPS, FTIR and AFM concluded the chemical modification of polyimide played an important role in this improvement. The design, fabrication and results of a series of humidity sensors are quantified. There is always no unique packaging solution for sensors because of the application-specific nature of the sensors. This intelligent environmental monitoring system was designed to accommodate both an environmental sensor and its signal conditioning electronics circuitry (SICONEC) into a single package. The environmental sensors need direct exposure to the environment while SICONEC needs a sealed encapsulation to avoid environmental damage. A new style of packaging addressing these requirements was demonstrated using a hot embossing machine. The hot embossing machine was used to embed an integrated circuit (IC) in a bare die condition into a polycarbonate (PC) sheet. In this case, the IC was flipped down against the PC, which protects the front side of the IC from the environmental damages. In a test phase, a die containing operational amplifiers was embossed into the PC. A humidity sensor and surface mount resisters were placed on the same surface of the PC to test the validity of this new technique. Interconnection between the embossed die and the humidity sensor was established using bonding wires. Copper tracks were also used to ensure all electrical connections for the die, the humidity sensor and the resistors. The results clarified the method developed. Details of process methods, issues and further potential improvement are reported.
5
Stevens, Francis. "Strategies for environmental sound measurement, modelling, and evaluation". Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22661/.
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This thesis is a portfolio of research into three aspects of environmental sound: its measurement, modelling, and evaluation. In each of these areas, this body of work aims to make use of soundscape methodologies in order to develop an understanding of different aspects of our relationship with our sonic environments. This approach is representative of the nature of soundscape research, which makes use of elements of many other research areas, including acoustics, psychology, sociology, and musicology. The majority of prior acoustic measurement research has considered indoor recording, often of music, and measurement of acoustic parameters of indoor spaces such as concert halls and other performance spaces. One strand of this research has investigated how best to apply such techniques to the recording of environmental sound, and to the measurement of the acoustic impulse responses of outdoor spaces. Similarly, the majority of prior work in the field of acoustic modelling has also focussed mainly on indoor spaces. Presented here is the Waveguide Web, a novel method for the acoustic modelling of sparsely reflecting outdoor spaces. In the field of sound evaluation of sound, recent years have seen the development of soundscape techniques for the subjective rating of environmental sound, allowing for a better understanding of our relationship with our sonic surroundings. Research presented in this thesis has focussed on how best to improve these approaches in a suitably robust and intuitive manner, including the integration of visual stimuli in order to investigate the multi-modal perception of our surroundings. The aim of this thesis in making contributions to these three fields of environmental sound research is, in part, to highlight the importance of developing a comprehensive understanding of our sonic environments. Such an understanding could ultimately lead to the alleviation of noise problems, encourage greater engagement with environmental sound in the wider population, and allow for the design of more positive, restorative, soundscapes.
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Boucon, Philip G. "Identifying environmental sustainability strategies in West Michigan manufacturing". Thesis, Baker College (Michigan), 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3738950.
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The increased consumption of finite resources threatens the preservation of the environment. Environmental pioneers George Perkins Marsh, Gifford Pinchot, and Aldo Leopold were the first to address this concern in the United States. With this background, environmental sustainability in the United States has become a common consideration for public, private, and government organizations. Many organizations have implemented environmental management systems to handle environmental issues. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore what environmental sustainability programs manufacturing firms in West Michigan pursue and their motivation for doing so. Leaders from 13 West Michigan manufacturing companies were interviewed. Research questions addressed the benefits administrators perceive can be gained by adopting environmental sustainability programs, disadvantages in adopting environmental sustainability programs, and what organizations are doing to pursue environmental programs. Cost savings was cited as a major reason for pursuing sustainability programs with the lack of time and resources being the greatest restraint environmental administrators encounter. Company leadership noted that sustainability programs provided their firm a competitive advantage with many Millennial employees preferring companies that manage robust environmental programs. The sustainability strategies identified in this research can be leveraged by firms seeking to implement or improve their environmental programs.
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Karuppagounder, Senthilkumar S. Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan Suppiramaniam Vishnu. "Environmental toxins and dopaminergic neurotoxicity novel neuroprotective strategies /". Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1883.
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Hawkesworth, Simon. "Strategies and constraints for environmental protection in Nicaragua". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/18913/.
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Nicaragua faces tremendous problems in relation to environmental and social conditions as well as continuing conflicts over access to natural and economic resources. The loss of forests and other essential eco-systems, the extinction of unique species, the degradation of soils and farmland, poverty, ill heath, exploitation and great inequalities of wealth and power remain on-going processes and essential characteristics of Nicaragua. These conditions represent an environmental crisis that threatens the country's ecological and social well-being. The thesis considers the historical causes of the environmental crisis looking at the impact of the introduction of particular political and economic structures, the development of the dictatorship of Somocisnio in Nicaragua and the impact of US hegemony in the region. It further considers why the strategies adopted by successive administrations and international organisations have failed to adequately address Nicaragua's environmental problems. The need for radical political and economic change as a means to address the underlying structural causes of environmental degradation is investigated in relation to Nicaragua. However, the examination of the effects of the Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua is also used to reveal important insights into the impact of structural change on the environment and the necessity to include other, reformist components in any solution. Post-Revolutionary strategies and the current emphasis on NGO and community based sustainable agricultural programmes are examined in detail to evaluate the importance of this approach for environmental protection. In addition to an examination of the effectiveness of the strategies of the post-revolutionary state, a case study analysis of Programa Campesino-a-Campesfno, the most prominent and successful example of the new, community-based initiatives, is used to illustrate the generic problems and opportunities present in the new 'paradigm' of localism and sustainable agriculture. While these new initiatives may provide key components to a solution, the study considers whether by themselves, they have the capacity to address the underlying causes of degradation. The study concludes that the environmental crisis is primarily a result of the particular development model that has arisen in the region since the colonial conquest, and which has facilitated the development of a system based on the highly unequal distribution of resources and power. Consequently, the causes of the crisis are essentially structural in nature, requiring that radical changes be made to the political and economic structures of society. However, the lesson of Nicaragua's Sandinista Revolution, during which environmental degradation continued despite a series of structural and socio-political changes, indicates that structural changes do not of themselves, guarantee environmental sustainability. Equally, the limitations of programmes such as Campesino-a-Campesino reveal that a reliance on agroecological and community-based methodologies is also flawed. Therefore, progress towards social and environmental justice in Nicaragua requires a combination of radical changes to political and economic structures, alongside the use of ecologicalbased agricultural and land management practices. This means that inequalities in land and natural resource ownership are addressed in order to provide sustainable economic and ecological systems within which Nicaraguans can attempt the longterm management and protection of their environment. The introduction of these new practices must include the participation and skills of local populations in any process of change. Redistribution of wealth and resources must be accompanied by a redistribution of power so that the control and development of these changes and initiatives, develop from, and reside in, the hands of ordinary Nicaraguans.
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Graham, Mark Christopher. "Design strategies for coupling buildings". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12307.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-135).
by Mark Christopher Graham.
M.S.
10
Shabshab, Spencer C. "Fuel-conserving environmental control strategies for small Islanded microgrids". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118699.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 487-489).
In this thesis I designed and deployed a control system that subjects Environmental Control Units (ECUs) at U.S. Army Forward Operating Bases (FOBs) to centralized control, and demonstrated how intelligent operation of the ECU load can result in considerable fuel savings. I also developed a detailed simulation environment to simulate the operation of the FOB under a variety of operating conditions, and used it to investigate other potential solutions for the efficiency problems caused by ECUs. Finally, I formulate a concept for the autonomous and network-free coordination of ECU loads based on microgrid state inferences from local voltage measurements.
by Spencer C. Shabshab.
S.M.
11
Hassell, Scott 1974. "National environmental & sustainability strategies for automobiles in Thailand". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55322.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-87).
by Scott Allison Hassell.
S.M.
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Steiner, Barbara Felicitas. "Planting strategies for toxic sites expressed as environmental art". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.
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Tsertikidou, Despoina. "Evaluation of strategies for seismic design". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74414.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-58).
Current trends in seismic design require a new approach, oriented in satisfying motion related design requirements and limiting both structural and non-structural damage. Seismic isolation and damping devices are currently used in buildings as two innovative performance-based design approaches. This thesis explores the effectiveness and the differences of the two methods in mitigating the motion of buildings when subjected to earthquake excitation. The concept, advantages, constraints and limitations of the implementation of these two methods are discussed. Major types of isolators and damping devices are presented. A comparative analysis of the seismic response of a fixed base structure, a base isolated and a structure with damping devices is performed with the use of SAP2000.
by Despoina Tsertikidou.
M.Eng.
14
McCone, D. Sean. "Dispute resolution strategies for construction projects". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8309.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Page 168 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-167).
One of the most important, but often overlooked steps in developing a project is a plan to prevent and handle conflict, a Conflict Management Plan. Leading construction experts have identified Productivity, Innovation, Cost Control, Safety, and Litigation Expenses as critical areas in need of improvement in the construction industry of this next century. In the United States alone, $60 billion are spent every year on lawsuits, of which the construction industry accounts for nearly $5 billion. Various dispute avoidance and resolutions techniques are presented that aim to prevent disputes before they arise and minimize the impacts if they do. These techniques are the tools then used in the Conflict Management Plan. A Conflict Mitigation Plan looks at each project individually to establish a set of criteria for controlling conflicts. It assesses how much conflict you will encounter, how severe each conflict might be, then presents cost effective ways to avoid conflict and curb these disputes. Similar to the contract documents it should be complete, unbiased, understood, and accepted by all the parties involved. All of the project participants such as the owners, the owner's representatives, designers, lawyers, and contractors are responsible for designing, reviewing and revising it accordingly. No one person or field should be responsible for developing this plan. Designing a conflict mitigation plan compels the owner to contemplate the conflict that might arise. This will allow the owner to allocate these risks and develop a plan to handle discrepancies. By doing this upfront and with each subsequent review, everyone involved has agreed to follow this plan, reducing the push for lengthy, costly court proceedings. To implement a Conflict Management Plan one must assess the project situation by identifying the sources of conflict that might occur, then analyze the severity and impact each of these conflicts might have. Match the conflict with a corresponding DART, to reduce or avoid the conflict. Draft the plan. Review and revise it as needed.
by D. Sean McCone.
S.M.
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Hope, Megan Samantha. "Developing strategies for creating an environmental focus in a school: narrating the change process". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008093.
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Effective environmental education goes beyond raising environmental awareness and developing positive environmental values, to the encouragement of personal responsibility and action in response to contextual environmental issues in particular. The whole school approach has been advocated as the best approach to environmental education, based on the assumption that the values and attitudes espoused in the classroom need to be reflected in the day-to-day school practice. By practising what they teach, schools reinforce values with action. In contrast, inconsistencies between the formal and non-formal curriculum may lead young people to question the integrity of their teachers or condition them to accept such inconsistencies as cultural and social norms, which in turn may lead to apathy about the environment. Adjustments to the ethos of a school to foreground the environment, both within the curriculum , the management of the school and the behaviour of teachers, pupils and support staff, is not a straightforward undertaking. Institutional factors influence the change process in schools and each school presents a unique context. It is, therefore, difficult to develop a general strategy for the evolution of an environmental ethos. This case study narrates an attempt to implement a change towards an improved environmental focus in a school, and focuses on developing an understanding of how available resources can assist this process while engaging with complexity of change.
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Nghiem, Khanh N. "Influence of time spent in an environment and encoding strategies on the environmental context change effect". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015866.
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Dahl, Emma. "Physiological and Environmental Processes Influencing Growth Strategies in Amphibian Larvae". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-145024.
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Cost and benefits of high individual growth rates are likely to vary across different environments leading to geographic differentiation in growth strategies. In ectotherms, habitats constrained by short growing seasons favour rapid growth and development leading to adaptive latitudinal clines in these traits. Geographic variation in growth strategies should be influenced by physiological variation as well as environmental factors, however many of these mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In my thesis, I studied hormonal correlates of growth strategies, and compensatory responses to phenological variation and environmental stress in anuran tadpoles. I tested the hypotheses that fast growing high latitude common frog Rana temporaria tadpoles have higher growth hormone (GH) expression, and low stress hormone (CORT) elevation in response to predator stress. I found no relationship between GH expression and latitude, but CORT response decreased with latitude after 24 hours of predator exposure. Lower CORT response at high latitude can be adaptive as it may enable the tadpoles to maintain high growth in time constrained habitats. I also found that breeding phenology affected latitudinal variation in growth, development and anti-predator strategies. Northern R. temporaria tadpoles were phenotypically more similar to southern tadpoles when breeding occurred early, suggesting that part of the latitudinal variation is plastic and affected by yearly variation in phenology. When time stress was manipulated by delaying hatching, tadpoles were able to compensate by increasing their development and growth during the larval stage, decreasing the cost of the delayed development. In the final study, I found that northern tadpoles showed stronger compensatory growth during the larval stage than southern tadpoles after being delayed by low food, however, temperature manipulation did not induce differences in the compensatory responses. In general, my results highlight the roles of both environmental and genetic variation in determining individual growth strategies.Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 735
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Levine, Matthew Jason. "A framework for technology exploration of aviation environmental mitigation strategies". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54437.
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The goal of this thesis was to develop a framework for modeling relevant environmental performance metrics and objectively simulating the future environmental impacts of aviation given the evolution of the fleet, the development of new technologies, and the expansion of airports. By exchanging fidelity for computational speed, a screening-level framework for assessing aviation's environmental impacts can be developed to observe new insights on fleet-level trends and inform environmental mitigation strategies. This was accomplished by developing per class average ``generic-vehicle" models that can reduce the fleet to a few representative aircraft models for predicting fleet results with reasonable accuracy. The method for Generating Emissions and Noise, Evaluating Residuals and using Inverse method for Choosing the best Alternatives (GENERICA) expands a previous generic vehicle formulation to additionally match DNL contours across a subset of airports. Designs of experiments, surrogate models, Monte Carlo simulations, and ``desirability" scores were combined to set the vehicle design parameters and reduce the mean relative error across the subset of airports. Results show these vehicle models more accurately represented contours at busy airports operating a wide variety of aircraft as compared to a traditional representative-in-class approach. Additionally, a rapid method for assessing population exposure counts was developed and incorporated into the noise tool, and the generic vehicles demonstrated accuracy with respect to population exposure counts for the actual fleet in the baseline year. The capabilities of the enabled framework were demonstrated to show fleet-level trends and explore placement of new runways at capacity constrained airports.
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McGinley, Susan. "The Maricopa Environmental Monitoring Site: Strategies for Measuring Field Infiltration". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622295.
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Bogach, K. "The mechanism of formation of innovative environmental and economic strategies". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40681.
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One of the tools that contribute to the implementation of European
standards in the economy of regional nature, recognized environmental
innovation, as an indicator of sustainable and balanced development.
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Carlsson, Esther, i Malvina Sandberg. "Successfully Implementing Environmental Sustainability Strategies : Important affecting and enabling factors". Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53941.
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Purpose – The purpose of this research is to investigate how organizations successfully can implement sustainability strategies. To fulfill the purpose, three research questions were established: What factors are important to consider when implementing environmental sustainability strategies? How do these factors affect the implementation of an environmental sustainability strategy? How can these factors enable a successful implementation of sustainability strategies? Method – To achieve the purpose of this study, a case study has been conducted at an organization where empirical data has been collected through interviews, observations, and document analyses. Further, a literature review was carried out to establish a theoretical framework. The empirical data and theoretical framework have been compared and analyzed in order to answer the research questions and fulfill the purpose. Findings – The findings provided six important factors in the implementation of environmental sustainability strategies: organizational structure, organizational culture, internal communication, management control, leadership, and employee motivation. The factors affect the implementation by hindering and facilitating alignment, common understanding, efficient communication, employee involvement and motivation. Further, the factors can enable a successful implementation by creating a mutual understanding of the strategy's vision and goals and establishing an organizational alignment in relation to the strategy. Last, the research indicates that a holistic consideration of these factors is needed. Implications – The research did not contribute to new theories, however, it provided increased knowledge on various factors that affect and enable environmental sustainability strategy implementation. Further, the research suggests that the factors should be considered holistically and simultaneously to achieve organizational alignment and mutual understanding. Limitations – The study is a single case study where one organization has been explored and a limited number of interviews have been conducted. The credibility of the study is believed to have increased further if multiple organizations had been studied with more interviews.
22
Kordahi, Ray Z. (Ray Zahi) 1979. "Underpinning strategies for buildings with deep foundations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29413.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 54).
Nowadays, numerous underpinning methods are available to provide safe, fast and practical solutions to nearly any geotechnical problem related to the foundations of a structure. This paper discusses these techniques with an emphasis on grouting and micropiling underpinning systems. Furthermore, some practical case studies such as the current Boston Central Artery Project (Big Dig), where these techniques were adopted, are presented showing the main stages of their construction execution and their main advantages and disadvantages.
by Ray Z. Kordahi.
M.Eng.
23
Stienecker, Sara Lynn. "Social and environmental context influences assessment strategy use in Tilapia". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522150756574191.
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Brown, Wayne A. "Real-time control strategies for cyclical biological reactors". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0023/NQ50121.pdf.
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Matías, Alemán Anna C. "Evaluation of bus priority strategies for BRT operations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82841.
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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 144 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 140-143).
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) uses strategies such as exclusive bus lanes, off-vehicle fare collection, high quality vehicles and stations, signal priority, among others. Transit Signal Priority (TSP) is frequently seen as an option to improve performance of public transportation systems at the operational level. TSP is an operational strategy that aims at reducing the delays at intersections for transit vehicles. The goal is to reduce travel times and improve service reliability. The use of transit priority strategies, properly designed for BRT, can complement its other features and potentially contribute to improved performance. However, BRT corridors present a number of challenges and operating characteristics that differ from conventional corridors which are worth considering. This thesis evaluates the potential of incorporating different priority strategies, especially TSP, into BRT operations both in the U.S. and in developing countries. A corridor from Boston, MA and a corridor from Santiago, Chile are analyzed, assessing TSP strategies that consider different conditions such as headway, loads, and traffic demand in a BRT context. Results for both case studies support the belief that TSP can provide travel time reductions for transit vehicles, together with reductions in headway variability. However, results proved to be very sensitive to increases in traffic congestion and transit frequency. The research provides insights into the potential of TSP under medium and high levels of traffic demand, as well as under higher frequencies. Further research is necessary to make the models more robust and test the sensitivity of the parameters of the priority strategies. Evaluation of other priority strategies like the use of full exclusive bus lanes and signal coordination are also included.
by Anna C. Matías Alemán.
S.M.in Transportation
26
Dong, Yan 1963. "Modeling rail freight operations under different operating strategies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10200.
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Tsai, Chih-Che. "Diversification strategies for construction companies in the U.S". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35430.
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Mahoney, Stephen Edward 1975. "Project delivery and planning strategies for public owners". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9719.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-231).
Current trends show that as the demand for infrastructure renewal and replacement has increased, Federal, state, and local government funding for infrastructure projects has decreased. It has become clear that the government will need to examine the potential of and implement other delivery methods in addition to design-bid-build. In order for the government to effectively use project delivery as a variable, the role of government in the capital planning process will need to be redefined. This thesis examines the capital planning process used by public owners, i.e. the government. The identification of ideal project planning and management principles led to a new framework for capital planning, referred to as the Project Configuration Process. The proposed Project Configuration Process is based on the premise that a public owner can identify a realistic need, identify the objectives for the project, identify the project constraints or drivers, and select the most appropriate delivery strategy that aligns the project objectives with the advantages of the delivery strategy. Two case studies are included to examine current project configuration practices. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project in Boston, Massachusetts and Tren Urbano in San Juan, Puerto Rico identify common challenges to the delivery of large-scale infrastructure projects. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project will widen and depress the existing elevated Central Artery, add a Third Harbor Tunnel, and improve highway connections within and around Boston. The Central Artery/Tunnel Project is a useful case study for it facilitates the examination of a large-scale infrastructure project utilizing traditional design-bid build procurement methods in conjunction with a management consultant assisting the Department of Public Works. The Project's development history provides insight into the processes, challenges and limitations of the current project delivery process. Tren Urbano, an urban rapid transit project, is intended to reduce congestion in the San Juan Metropolitan Area. The objective of applying this research to Tren Urbano is to identify essential project management issues in a mixed delivery setting. Phase I of Tren Urbano posses a unique project management problem as it is divided geographically into seven alignment sections and contractually into a portfolio of contracts containing one designbuild- operate contract and six design-build contracts.
by Stephen Edward Mahoney.
S.M.
29
Yeung, Choi-shan. "Environmental policies, urban planning strategies and urban development in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31374372.
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Salas, Acosta Daniela. "Strategies to improve the determination of polar compounds in environmental waters". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401584.
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La present Tesi Doctoral descriu l'aplicació d'estratègies recents, enfocades a millorar la determinació de compostos polars, per desenvolupar nous mètodes per a l'anàlisi d'aigües ambientals. Aquestes estratègies s'han aplicat en dues tècniques alternatives, desenvolupades per solucionar els problemes associats a compostos polars: la cromatografia de líquids d'interacció hidrofílica (HILIC) i l'extracció en fase sòlida utilitzant sorbents polimèrics d'intercanvi iònic de mode mixt. Els mecanismes de retenció en HILIC, influència dels paràmetres cromatogràfics, avantatges i el seu acoblament a l'espectrometria de masses d'alta resolució, van ser investigats per contaminants poc estudiats per aquesta modalitat cromatogràfica alternativa. L'aplicació de sorbents de mode mixt va ser ampliada més enllà dels seus usos convencionals, proposant la seva aplicació per a l'extracció selectiva de compostos neutres capaços d'establir dipols induïts, i l'extracció simultània i selectiva de compostos bàsics i àcids. Aquesta última es va aconseguir ja sigui mesclant físicament els materials i també preparant sorbents nous modificats amb caràcter zwiteriònics.La presente Tesis Doctoral describe la aplicación de estrategias recientes, enfocadas en mejorar la determinación de compuestos polares, para desarrollar nuevos métodos para el análisis de aguas ambientales. Estas estrategias se aplican en dos técnicas alternativas, desarrolladas para solventar los problemas asociados a compuestos polares: la cromatografía de líquidos de interacción hidrofílica (HILIC) y la extracción en fase sólida utilizando sorbentes poliméricos de intercambio iónico de modo mixto. Los mecanismos de retención en HILIC, influencia de los parámetros cromatográficos, ventajas, y su acoplamiento a la espectrometría de masas de alta resolución, fueron investigados para contaminantes poco estudiados por este modo cromatográfico alternativo. La aplicación de sorbentes de modo mixto fue ampliada más allá de sus usos convencionales, proponiendo su aplicación para la extracción selectiva de compuestos neutros capaces de establecer dipolos inducidos, y la extracción simultánea y selectiva de compuestos básicos y ácidos. Esta última fue lograda bien sea combinando físicamente los materiales o preparando sorbentes nuevos con carácter zwitteriónico.
This Doctoral Thesis describes the application of recent strategies focused on improving the determination of polar compounds, to develop new methods for the analysis of environmental waters. These strategies are applied in two alternative techniques developed to address problems associated to polar compounds: hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and solid-phase extraction using mixed-mode ion-exchange polymeric sorbents. The HILIC retention mechanisms, influence of chromatographic parameters, advantages and its coupling with high-resolution mass spectrometry, were investigated for contaminants seldom studied by this alternative chromatographic mode. The application of mixed-mode sorbents was broadened beyond their conventional uses, proposing their application for the selective extraction of neutral compounds capable of establishing induced dipoles, and the simultaneous and selective extraction of basic and acidic compounds. The latter was achieved by either physically combining the materials or preparing new sorbents with zwitterionic character.
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Biery-Hamilton, Gay Maurene. "Economic strategies and changing environmental systems in a Brazilian Amazon community". Gainesville, FL, 1994. http://www.archive.org/details/economicstrategi00bier.
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Bang, Hae Jeen. "Environmental and genetic strategies to improve carotenoids and quality in watermelon". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4949.
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The evaluation of environmental and genotypic effects on fruit physical and
chemical characteristics enables assessment of the feasibility of selecting diploid and/or
triploid cultivars for either specific or more diverse locations. Isolation and
characterization of genes encoding enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway
provides fundamental genetic information which can facilitate breeding of watermelon
cultivars having desirable flesh colors and enhanced beneficial carotenoids.
For the environmental studies, the effects of deficit irrigation on lycopene content,
total soluble solids, firmness, and yield of diploid and triploid watermelon were
evaluated in different locations and growing seasons. Irrigation regimes were 1.0
evapotranspiration (ET), 0.75 ET, and 0.5 ET. To investigate if there is a consistent
response in cultivars across diverse locations, studies were conducted in three distinct
Texas regions. Deficit irrigation reduced total marketable yield, and increased the yield
of small fruits. Location and irrigation regimes had major influences on yield. Soluble
solids content increased with deficit irrigation at 0.5 ET in triploids, but not in diploids. Flesh firmness also increased in triploids compared to diploids. Lycopene content
increased with maturity at all irrigation regimes and cultivars. This work confirms that
deficit irrigation directly reduces yield, but does not reduce lycopene and fruit quality of
the triploids used in this study. From the genetic studies, a total of eight genes encoding
enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were isolated and characterized. Two
members of the phytoene synthase (PSY) gene family were identified; PSY-A was
expressed in all type of tissues, but PSY-B transcript was detected only in ovary, leaf, and
root tissues. Gene expression of carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) was not detected in
salmon yellow. A color inheritance study of watermelon flesh indicated that a single
gene might determine color difference between canary yellow and red without an
inhibitory effect. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker developed
from the SNP marker tagging two different lycopene ò-cyclase (LCYB) alleles cosegregated
perfectly with color phenotypes. It was concluded that color determination
may be due to a reduced activity of LCYB enzyme in red, whereby a phenylalanine is
conserved among canary yellow and valine is conserved among red watermelon.
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Cousins, Anna Palm. "Environmental fate of chemicals released from consumer products : Multimedia modelling strategies". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89370.
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The objective of this thesis was to assess the environmental fate and transport of chemicals emitted from consumer products through the development and application of modelling tools. The following hypotheses were tested: i) Multimedia fate models can be applied in a multistage assessment process to emerging chemicals when limited knowledge exists to identify the likely environmental fate and to direct further research; ii) the indoor environment acts as a source of anthropogenic substances in consumer products to the outdoor environment; and iii) chemical removal pathways in the indoor environment are important for the fate of organic chemicals in densely populated areas. The thesis shows that a structured chemical fate assessment strategy can and should be applied at early stages of the evaluation of emerging chemicals to assess their fate and to direct further research. Multimedia fate models play a key role in this strategy. The three‐solubility approach is a simple, rapid method that can be used to estimate physical‐chemical properties for use in early stage evaluation (Paper I). Emissions in the indoor environment affect the urban fate of hydrophobic organic chemicals by providing additional removal pathways and prolonging urban chemical residence times compared to outdoor emissions (Paper III). Emissions of BDE 209, DINP and DEHP to Stockholm indoor air were estimated to be 0.1, 3.4 and 290 mg/capita year, respectively (Paper IV). The contribution of emissions indoors to outdoor air pollution varies between substances. For BDE 209, emissions in the indoor environment added 38 % to the mass entering Stockholm city with inflowing air. For Sweden, the indoor environment was estimated to account for 80 % of BDE 209 emissions to outdoor air (Papers II and IV). For the phthalates, outdoor emissions and/or background inflow are the dominant sources to outdoor air pollution in Stockholm and the influence of the indoor environment is limited (Paper IV).At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript
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Hassan, Al-Moataz Ahmed Khairy. "Linking environmental policy and urban development strategies : the case of Egypt". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367325.
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Yeung, Choi-shan, i 楊彩珊. "Environmental policies, urban planning strategies and urban development in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31374372.
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Mashayekh, Yeganeh. "Land Use and Congestion Management Strategies to Promote Urban Environmental Sustainability". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/225.
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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is an important social goal to mitigate climate change. A common mitigation paradigm is to consider strategy ‘wedges’ that can be applied to different activities to achieve desired GHG reductions. In this dissertation, I consider a wide range of possible travel demand reduction and traffic congestion management strategies to reduce light-duty vehicle GHG emissions.
To estimate the cost savings associated with the implementation of various travel demand and traffic congestion management strategies, performance measures such as speed, delay, and travel time were assessed for each strategy. These performance measures were then combined with emission factors – amount of pollutants per speed interval – and monetary damage values of each pollutant in terms of mortality, morbidity and environmental damages – dollar per gram of pollutant – to estimate the external environmental cost savings resulting from the implemented strategy. Fuel and time cost savings were simply measured by incorporating the value of time and fuel.
Specifically, the external environmental cost of driving in the U.S. including congestion was estimated to be about $110 billion annually. Brownfield developments and LEED certified brownfield developments were assessed as land use and travel demand management strategies to reduce vehicular travel demand. Impacts of these residential developments on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction and the resulting costs (cost of driving time, fuel, and external air pollution costs) were examined. Results show with minimal implementation cost incurred by transportation authorities (about 75-95% less than other VMT reduction measures), both brownfield residential developments and LEED certified brownfield residential developments can be beneficial travel demand strategies, assisting federal, state and local governments with their GHG emissions reduction goals. Compared with conventional developments, residential brownfield developments can reduce VMT and its consequential environmental costs by about 52 and 66 percent respectively. LEED certified residential brownfield developments can have an additional 1% to 12% VMT reduction and a 0.03% to 3.5% GHG reduction compared with conventional developments.
In addition to land use and travel demand management strategies, a number of supply congestion management measures were also assessed. Traffic signal timing and coordination is an effective congestion management strategy. However, not maintaining the timings regularly to assure they respond to vehicle volumes may result in 18 percent increase in the cost of fuel consumed, 13 percent in the cost of travel time and 11 percent in the external environmental costs annually.
Other supply management strategies assessed were cases of adaptive traffic control system and high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes. In comparison to one another, while adaptive traffic signal control system results in 7 to 12 percent external environmental cost saving, HOT lanes show zero external environmental cost savings. Driving patterns and speed profiles have significant impacts on the emission of the criteria air pollutants. In some cases, speed improvements resulting from the implementation of a congestion management measure may, in fact, result in the emission of additional criteria air pollutants, thus increasing the external environmental costs. Other interdependencies such as induced demand were also examined. Results show that induced demand from excess capacity resulting from an implementation of a supply congestion management strategy can be significant enough to reduce the benefits gained from the implemented measure in a short period of time.
In addition to analyzing travel demand management, land use changes and congestion management, strategies including fuel and vehicle options and low carbon and renewable power are briefly discussed in this work. I conclude that no one strategy will be sufficient to meet GHG emissions reduction goals to avoid climate change. However, many of these changes have positive combinatorial effects, so the best strategy is to pursue combinations of transportation GHG reduction strategies to meet reduction goals. Agencies need to broaden their agendas to incorporate such combinations in their planning.
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Steele, Kristian. "A methodology to facilitate the environmental comparison of bridge management strategies". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397202.
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Chaturvedi, Swati 1976. "Strategies for mitigating adverse environmental impacts due to structural building materials". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17910.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93).
This thesis assesses the problem of adverse environmental impacts due to the use of Portland cement and structural steel in the construction industry. The thesis outlines three technology and policy strategies to mitigate these impacts: 1. Reduce consumption; 2. Select materials to minimize impacts; and 3. Explore alternative new materials that have lesser impacts. The main findings and recommendations in each of these areas are as follows: Reduce Consumption: While absolute consumption of materials will grow with a growing population, recycling and reuse of structural members can reduce use of virgin material. Since recycling is already widely practiced, reuse of structural members is the primary means of further reducing consumption. Barriers to reuse can be eliminated by establishing design standards and regulations for reuse of structural sections, and creating functioning markets for re-useable sections. Select materials to minimize impacts: While designers are keen to select materials with minimum impacts, they do not have appropriate education or tools for the purpose. Standardization and simplification of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools, and education of designers are identified as the main areas for improvement. The main recommendations are: i) standardize LCA tools; reduce the number of impact categories, make the categories understandable and incorporate uncertainty data and ii) establish programs for educating designers about materials selection tools. Alternative new materials: New materials with lesser impacts need to be explored. The main recommendations in this area are: i) conduct life cycle assessments of new materials to determine environmental credentials over their lifetime and
(cont.) ii) establish appropriate policies enabling market adoption of alternative new technologies. The life cycle assessment of magnesia cement (a mix of cement containing reactive magnesium oxide) is carried out. The assessment concludes that magnesia cements could be a more environmentally friendly alternative than ordinary Portland cement. In summary, this thesis shows that the current consumption trends are not sustainable. The large volumes of construction materials consumed annually may lead to irreversible changes in the natural environment. Alternatives to current practices urgently need to be found.
by Swati Chaturvedi.
S.M.
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Brodie, Carol Ann. "Environmental sustainability programs in higher education: Policies, practices and curriculum strategies". Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2505.
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The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to describe and analyze the policies and practices at selected universities in response to the environmental sustainability movement, as defined by the Talloires Declaration. A survey was conducted of sustainability coordinators at 26 institutions of higher education. Interviews were then conducted at three selected schools in the Western United States. From the data many themes emerged, including the region where the schools reside, culture, people that help or hinder, factors about the sustainability movement, regulations and mandates, financial considerations, physical characteristics of the schools, school atmosphere and politics, tactics used to implement environmental sustainability, and personality characteristics. The importance of leadership was a key finding in this study, as was the commitment of resources, regional culture, and communications.
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Larsbrink, Johan. "Strategies for the Discovery of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes from Environmental Bacteria". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Glykovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-126956.
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The focus of this thesis is a comparative study of approaches in discovery of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). CAZymes synthesise, bind to, and degrade all the multitude of carbohydrates found in nature. As such, when aiming for sustainable methods to degrade plant biomass for the generation of biofuels, for which there is a strong drive in society, CAZymes are a natural source of environmentally friendly molecular tools. In nature, microorganisms are the principal degraders of carbohydrates. Not only do they degrade plant matter in forests and aquatic habitats, but also break down the majority of carbohydrates ingested by animals. These symbiotic microorganisms, known as the microbiota, reside in animal digestive tracts in immense quantities, where one of the key nutrient sources is complex carbohydrates. Thus, microorganisms are a plentiful source of CAZymes, and strategies in the discovery of new enzymes from bacterial sources have been the basis for the work presented here, combined with biochemical characterisation of several enzymes. Novel enzymatic activities for the glycoside hydrolase family 31 have been described as a result of the initial projects of the thesis. These later evolved into projects studying bacterial multi-gene systems for the partial or complete degradation of the heterogeneous plant polysaccharide xyloglucan. These systems contain, in addition to various hydrolytic CAZymes, necessary binding-, transport-, and regulatory proteins. The results presented here show, in detail, how very complex carbohydrates can efficiently be degraded by bacterial enzymes of industrial relevance.QC 20130826
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Poulikidou, Sofia. "Assessing design strategies for improved life cycle environmental performance of vehicles". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192536.
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Vehicle manufactures have adopted different strategies for improving the environmental performance of their fleet including lightweight design and alternative drivetrains such as EVs. Both strategies reduce energy during use but may result in a relative increase of the impact during other stages. To address this, a lifecycle approach is needed when vehicle design strategies are developed. The thesis explores the extent that such a lifecycle approach is adopted today and assesses the potential of these strategies to reduce the lifecycle impact of vehicles. Moreover it aims to contribute to method development for lifecycle considerations during product development and material selection. Current practices were explored in an empirical study with four vehicle manufacturers. The availability of tools for identifying, monitoring and assessing design strategies was explored in a literature review. The results of the empirical study showed that environmental considerations during product development often lack a lifecycle perspective. Regarding the use of tools a limited number of such tools were utilized systematically by the studied companies despite the numerous tools available in literature. The influence of new design strategies on the lifecycle environmental performance of vehicles was assessed in three case studies; two looking into lightweight design and one at EVs. Both strategies resulted in energy and GHG emissions savings though the impact during manufacturing increases due to the advanced materials used. Assumptions relating to the operating conditions of the vehicle e.g. lifetime distance or for EVs the carbon intensity of the energy mix, influence the level of this tradeoff. Despite its low share in terms of environmental impact EOL is important in the overall performance of vehicles. The thesis contributed to method development by suggesting a systematic approach for material selection. The approach combines material and environmental analysis tools thus increases the possibilities for lifecycle improvements while minimizing risk for sub-optimizations.QC 20160920
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Hedenqvist, Robin, i Hannah Johansson. "Challenging Green Capitalism : An ideology Critique of Max Burgers' Environmental Strategies". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147993.
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Environmental strategies implemented today are strongly influenced by the ideologies capitalism, neoliberalism and ecomodernism. As such, they should promote global economic expansion while mitigating environmental impact. This is in line with the prevailing environmental political discourse of sustainable development, in which economic, ecological and social dimensions are considered compatible and dependent on each other. However, this essay challenges the normative assumption regarding the win-win-win narrative by examining the economic, ecological and social consequences of Max Burgers’ environmental strategies through three critical scientific theories. By posing an ideology critique and through the lens of our theoretical framework, we find that Max Burgers mystifies the apparent relation between local economic growth, global ecological impact and divided social progress, thus reinforcing unequal power dynamics and patterns of uneven development.
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Zhang, Jing. "Evaluating the environmental impacts of bus priority strategies at traffic signals". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/333204/.
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Buses, the main form of public transport in many urban areas, are considered as an efficient and environmentally friendly transport mode because of their high passenger capacity. The concept of bus priority was originally proposed to protect buses from urban traffic congestion so that buses can be perceived as a faster mode than private cars. One such measure which is expanding in extent and sophistication is bus priority at traffic signals – or Bus Signal Priority (BSP) Strategies. The previous research on BSP has mostly focused on its effectiveness on improving bus efficiency and bus regularity/punctuality, as well as the impacts on general traffic. However the potential environmental impacts that could be caused by BSP have not been studied, particularly on emissions - despite this being an increasingly important criterion in transport assessments. For bus priority implementations this could be particularly important, if the small disbenefits to a large number of the nonpriority vehicles outweigh the benefits to buses. This lack of knowledge and potential concern has been the main motivation for this research. The thesis sets out a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art BSP systems and evaluation approaches. It revealed that microscopic traffic simulation models are the most appropriate approach for this study with the ability to model different BSP strategies in various user-defined scenarios. The Aimsun model was selected after review and comparison. From the review on the measurement and modelling approaches for transport related emissions, instantaneous emission models were found to be able to estimate emission behaviour by relating emission rates to vehicle operation during a series of short time intervals (often one second) and for a small scale. This was required by this study as at junction areas emissions could be dominated by vehicle operational modes where the traditionally ‘average speed’ models were unable to accurately capture the emission variations. The dynamic and individual-oriented features of microsimulation models and instantaneous emission models enabled their integration at various spatial and temporal levels and at different levels of vehicle aggregation. After calibration and validation to some critical parameters in Aimsun, a signalised junction under VA control was set up, and two BSP strategies were modelled, - one including green extension and early green recall facilities and the other one including additional compensation and inhibition facilities. These strategies were applied to 18 typical scenarios, involving variables of ‘degree of saturation’, traffic flows and bus flows. The results illustrated the importance of strategy optimising in the more challenging conditions of junctions operating under high degrees of saturation and /or high bus flows. The worst-case scenario was in heavy traffic conditions with high bus flows and BSP on the minor road only, when emissions could increase by about 10%. Under a free flow condition implementing BSP on the main road is an environmentally friendly measure with emissions reductions of up to 6%.The thesis also describes a method to value emissions in monetary terms, so that operational and emissions impacts can be compared in common units. Application of this method indicated that the impact of emissions is much smaller than that for delay/journey time impacts, though some under-estimation in emissions valuation is suspected.
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Pacheco, Carlos. "Corporate environmental management and strategies in Mexico and the United Kingdom". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844209/.
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Analysing environmental management practices of companies in developing and developed countries is important in the context of people in developing nations idealising and wanting the living standards and consumption patterns of developed countries. As a result, companies and government institutions in the former could be pursuing inadequate environmental strategies based on the latter with no regard of their own local conditions. Thus, there is a need to look at how comparable environmental management is between firms in developed and developing countries, what the most important environmental issues these firms are facing and how these issues are addressed. Furthermore, what lessons are derived from the environmental behaviour of companies in developed and developing countries, what is the role of environmental regulators in these nations and what policy recommendations could be made. This investigation contributes to the better understanding of environmental management in developed and developing countries through an empirical comparison of environmental management activities and strategies of companies in the United Kingdom and Mexico as examples of these nations. The empirical analysis is based on 358 questionnaires and 100 interviews conducted in Mexican and UK firms during 2001. Additionally, environmental government agencies were also interviewed. The research found that the ranking of environmental pressures experienced by companies is similar in both countries, but UK firms perceive higher pressures. The main obstacle to environmental activities amongst companies in both countries is high costs of such activities, but this obstacle seems to be more relatively important for Mexican firms. In addition, whereas Mexican firms are more oriented towards end-of-the-pipe solutions for their environmental problems, UK companies undertake more pollution prevention measures and more managerial action. There is also a similar lack of integration of environmental strategies into mainstream business strategies in Mexican and UK companies; however, the latter pursue more environmental strategies focussed on customers, suppliers, company image and the market. As general conclusions, the research found that the differences in drivers and obstacles to environmental activities experienced by companies have an influence on the environmental activities and strategies of companies. Equally, national contexts influence the drivers and obstacles to environmental activities. However, it was found that the operational environmental activities are mainly driven by regulation more than by any other driver. Finally, the lack of integration of environmental strategies into core business strategies amongst companies in both countries obeys to a lack of understanding of business drivers to pursue environmental activities and the high costs associated with such activities.
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Ndlovu, Mduduzi. "Environmental influences on moult and movement strategies in southern African waterfowl". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4757.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Waterfowl annual life history events in north-temperate regions are driven primarily by predictable seasonal variations in temperature. In contrast, the spatio-temporal availability of adequate resources to waterfowl in the semi-arid regions of southern Africa is determined by rainfall which is extremely variable in timing and intensity. I studied the environmental influences on flight-feather moult and movement strategies of southern African waterfowl. Six duck species that are fairly common in most parts of South Africa were selected for the study, namely; Egyptian Geese, Alopochen aegyptiaca, Spur-winged Geese, Plectropterus gambensis, South African Shelducks, Tadorna cana, Yellow-billed Ducks, Anas undulata, Red-billed Teals, A. erythrorhyncha and Southern Pochards, Netta erythrophthalma. I chose two study sites to represent the extremes of environmental conditions in southern African, namely Barberspan (summer-rainfall region) and Strandfontein (temperate winter-rainfall region). I investigated the underlying responses of Afrotropical waterfowl to stochastic varying environmental conditions in southern Africa and the life-history strategies they have evolved to cope with this variability. The study also compares and contrasts the life-history strategies of southern hemisphere waterfowl with those of the northern hemisphere.
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Cooper, Kathryn E. "Audiences, structures, and strategies: The promise and power of environmental documentaries". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153140198530959.
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Sequeira, Reynold. "Sustainable Production Strategies for Environmentally Sensitive Industries". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1288976134.
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Nastasi, Nicholas A. "Indoor Environmental Quality: Overview of the Role of Residential Homes, Environmental Hazards, and Mitigation Strategies in Human Health". The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1616860804802192.
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Pangilinan, Christopher Allan. "Bus supervision deployment strategies for improved bus service reliability". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38238.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-146).
Bus service reliability has always been a top concern for transit agencies and their customers. Unfortunately, there are several factors detrimental to reliable bus service. Outside influences such as weather, traffic, and road construction can wreak havoc on even the best laid plans. Internally, poor planning, insufficient maintenance, and differing operator abilities can work to undermine bus service reliability. To help counteract these problems, transit agencies typically deploy a team of supervisors who are responsible for monitoring, maintaining, and restoring reliable service. To do their job effectively, supervisors require high levels of operational information and a reliable communications system. These resources, however, can vary in their availability and may not be at ideal levels. This research proposes a framework to aid in the planning of bus supervision deployment given different levels of information, communications, and personnel. The primary focus of the framework is the deployment of post, mobile, and control center supervisors given an agency's current level of information and communication resources. The application of the framework begins with a service reliability and supervision resource assessment.
(cont.) Based on these assessments, a system level personnel deployment strategy is developed and then evaluated. Two case studies - the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) Route 20 and the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Silver Line - are presented as applications of the proposed framework. Findings suggest that personnel deployment at both agencies is suboptimal: both agencies deploy too many post supervisors given current resource levels, and for the CTA, too few mobile supervisors. Findings also suggest that putting increased information and communication resources in place should lead agencies to have post supervisors only at the busiest most critical locations, mobile supervisors for incident response and reallocate many field-based supervisors to the control center for headway and schedule management.
by Christopher Allan Pangilinan.
S.M.
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Hong, Jongmin. "Competitive strategies for Korean construction firms for changing circumstances". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12633.
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