Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Environmental sensors

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Environmental sensors”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Environmental sensors"

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Nistor, P., i I. Orha. "Environmental Parameters Monitoring System". Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 14, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2021-0007.

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Abstract The project presents the development of a system for monitoring environmental parameters. At the base of this system is the ESP-32S board that collects, processes and transmits data from the three sensors to the two web interfaces. The role of these web interfaces is to display the data collected from the sensors. The local web interface consists of two windows, the first window contains the table of sensors that displays the data measured by the sensors at that time. In the second window you can see the data measured by the sensors through graphs. They store the sensor data, giving the user the ability to view previously measured data. The local web interface provides sensor data only in the Wi-Fi network coverage area, and its data is deleted when the server is closed. The global web interface displays data using graphs. At the base of this web interface is the ThingSpeak platform that allows the system to transmit data anywhere in the world, store data in the Cloud space and the possibility of using special analysis functions.
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Mohamad Nor, Alif Syarafi, Mohd Amri Md. Yunus, Sophan Wahyudi i Ibrahim Sallehhudin. "Low-Cost Sensors Array Based on Planar Electromagnetic Sensor Simulation for Environmental Monitoring". Advanced Materials Research 925 (kwiecień 2014): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.614.

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Agriculture sectors have increased in sizes and numbers due to the expansion of human population. Human population growth has caused the demand in food, cloth, transportation, shelter etc. to increase tremendously. Essentially speaking, those surpluses of demands will adversely affect the production of agriculture sectors. In order to obtain high yield, the farmers might be overusing the fertilizer for their crops. These overused fertilizers will be dissolved in the nearest water resources such as river, pond and well. Hence, the natural water resources will be contaminated by these overused fertilizers. In this situation, there is a need for a sensor which could determine the contamination level in natural water resources. This project proposed low-cost sensor arrays based on planar electromagnetic sensors to monitor the contamination in the natural water resources. The sensors consist of three electromagnetic sensors that have been constructed in three types of configuration array namely, parallel, star, and delta. The modeling and simulation of the sensors were done by using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2 software. Each sensor’s input was assign to 10 Volt peak to peak voltages and then the impedance of each sensor was obtained. In practical application, the impedance of these sensors will determine the contamination level of the water under test. The contamination condition was simulated by changing the electrical properties of the environment domain of the model that suit contamination condition. The impedance of each sensor was tabulated according to the increasing of frequency of the supply voltages. Hence, the best configuration of the planar electromagnetic sensors array for detection of contamination inside the natural water will be determined based on the sensitivity. This type of sensors will provide the in-situ measurement system which will save the cost and consequently the time required for each sample.
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Dean, Robert N., i Frank T. Werner. "A PCB Environmental Sensor for Use in Monitoring Drought Conditions in Estuaries". Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 13, nr 4 (1.10.2016): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.523.

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Estuaries occur in coastal regions worldwide and are important habitats for humans and other life forms. These fragile ecosystems are susceptible to the effects of prolonged drought conditions, resulting in changes in the salinity gradient across the estuary, which can adversely affect life forms living in and around the estuary. Electrical conductivity sensors are used to determine salinity of aqueous solutions, including water samples from estuaries. Conventional electrical conductivity sensors, consisting of orthogonally mounted thin parallel plate electrodes, are fragile and difficult to clean. Low-cost commercial printed circuit board technology is presented here as a vehicle to realize a robust planar sensor for determining salinity. This sensor's planar electrode configuration is inherently simpler and less fragile than a sensor with two orthogonally mounted thin parallel plate electrodes. Prototype planar sensors were designed, fabricated, and successfully tested in a freshwater-seawater solution ranging from 100% freshwater to 100% seawater, emulating the salinity levels encountered across many estuaries. The sensor test data demonstrated a linear characteristic with both conductance (R2 = 0.9995) and salinity (R2 = 0.9969) as a function of seawater concentration.
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Zareei, Mahdi, Cesar Vargas-Rosales, Mohammad Hossein Anisi, Leila Musavian, Rafaela Villalpando-Hernandez, Shidrokh Goudarzi i Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed. "Enhancing the Performance of Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks for Environmental Monitoring Applications". Energies 12, nr 14 (20.07.2019): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142794.

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Fast development in hardware miniaturization and massive production of sensors make them cost efficient and vastly available to be used in various applications in our daily life more specially in environment monitoring applications. However, energy consumption is still one of the barriers slowing down the development of several applications. Slow development in battery technology, makes energy harvesting (EH) as a prime candidate to eliminate the sensor’s energy barrier. EH sensors can be the solution to enabling future applications that would be extremely costly using conventional battery-powered sensors. In this paper, we analyze the performance improvement and evaluation of EH sensors in various situations. A network model is developed to allow us to examine different scenarios. We borrow a clustering concept, as a proven method to improve energy efficiency in conventional sensor network and brought it to EH sensor networks to study its effect on the performance of the network in different scenarios. Moreover, a dynamic and distributed transmission power management for sensors is proposed and evaluated in both networks, with and without clustering, to study the effect of power balancing on the network end-to-end performance. The simulation results indicate that, by using clustering and transmission power adjustment, the power consumption can be distributed in the network more efficiently, which result in improving the network performance in terms of a packet delivery ratio by 20%, 10% higher network lifetime by having more alive nodes and also achieving lower delay by reducing the hop-count.
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Duk-Dong Lee i Dae-Sik Lee. "Environmental gas sensors". IEEE Sensors Journal 1, nr 3 (2001): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2001.954834.

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Gao, Rui, Wenjun Zhang, Junmin Jing, Zhiwei Liao, Zhou Zhao, Bin Yao, Huiyu Zhang i in. "Design, Fabrication, and Dynamic Environmental Test of a Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor". Micromachines 13, nr 7 (19.07.2022): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071142.

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Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensors have a wide range of applications based on the advantages of mature technology and easy integration. Among them, piezoresistive sensors have attracted great attention with the advantage of simple back-end processing circuits. However, less research has been reported on the performance of piezoresistive pressure sensors in dynamic environments, especially considering the vibrations and shocks frequently encountered during the application of the sensors. To address these issues, this paper proposes a design method for a MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensor, and the fabricated sensor is evaluated in a series of systematic dynamic environmental adaptability tests. After testing, the output sensitivity of the sensor chip was 9.21 mV∙bar−1, while the nonlinearity was 0.069% FSS. The sensor overreacts to rapidly changing pressure environments and can withstand acceleration shocks of up to 20× g. In addition, the sensor is capable of providing normal output over the vibration frequency range of 0–5000 Hz with a temperature coefficient sensitivity of −0.30% FSS °C−1 over the temperature range of 0–80 °C. Our proposed sensor can play a key role in applications with wide pressure ranges, high-frequency vibrations, and high acceleration shocks, as well as guide MEMS-based pressure sensors in high pressure ranges and complex environmental adaptability in their design.
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Caroleo, Fabrizio, Gabriele Magna, Mario Luigi Naitana, Lorena Di Zazzo, Roberto Martini, Francesco Pizzoli, Mounika Muduganti i in. "Advances in Optical Sensors for Persistent Organic Pollutant Environmental Monitoring". Sensors 22, nr 7 (30.03.2022): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072649.

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Optical chemical sensors are widely applied in many fields of modern analytical practice, due to their simplicity in preparation and signal acquisition, low costs, and fast response time. Moreover, the construction of most modern optical sensors requires neither wire connections with the detector nor sophisticated and energy-consuming hardware, enabling wireless sensor development for a fast, in-field and online analysis. In this review, the last five years of progress (from 2017 to 2021) in the field of optical chemical sensors development for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is provided. The operating mechanisms, the transduction principles and the types of sensing materials employed in single selective optical sensors and in multisensory systems are reviewed. The selected examples of optical sensors applications are reported to demonstrate the benefits and drawbacks of optical chemical sensor use for POPs assessment.
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Azizi, Shoaib, Ramtin Rabiee, Gireesh Nair i Thomas Olofsson. "Effects of Positioning of Multi-Sensor Devices on Occupancy and Indoor Environmental Monitoring in Single-Occupant Offices". Energies 14, nr 19 (2.10.2021): 6296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196296.

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The advancements in sensor and communication technologies drive the rapid developments in the applications of occupancy and indoor environmental monitoring in buildings. Currently, the installation standards for sensors are scarce and the recommendations for sensor positionings are very general. However, inadequate sensor positioning might diminish the reliability of sensor data, which could have serious impacts on the intended applications such as the performance of demand-controlled HVAC systems and their energy use. Thus, there is a need to understand how sensor positioning may affect the sensor data, specifically when using multi-sensor devices in which several sensors are being bundled together. This study is based on the data collected from 18 multi-sensor devices installed in three single-occupant offices (six sensors in each office). Each multi-sensor device included sensors to measure passive infrared (PIR) radiation, temperature, CO2, humidity, and illuminance. The results show that the positions of PIR and CO2 sensors significantly affect the reliability of occupancy detection. The typical approach of positioning the sensors on the ceiling, in the middle of offices, may lead to relatively unreliable data. In this case, the PIR sensor in that position has only 60% accuracy of presence detection. Installing the sensors under office desks could increase the accuracy of presence detection to 84%. These two sensor positions are highlighted in sensor fusion analysis as they could reach the highest accuracy compared to other pairs of PIR sensors. Moreover, sensor positioning can affect various indoor environmental parameters, especially temperature and illuminance measurements.
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Antunes, Alex. "Cheap Deployable Networked Sensors for Environmental Use". Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 2, nr 4 (26.05.2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v2n4.271.

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We profile the utility and limits in deployment of inexpensive disposable sensor networks by amateurs to achieve environmental monitoring goals. Four current technology movements — PC-on-a-chip processors such as Arduino, prebuilt sensors, 3-D printing, and Wi-Fi and mesh networking — enable rapid sensor platform creation and make it easy for non-specialists to create general sensor-bearing platforms. Deployment of a cluster of multiple sensor-bearing platforms is, however, communications-limited in terms of both range and number of devices supported, and generally requires a base station with internet access. We examine how inexpensive technology supports scenarios for short-term environmental modelling by average citizens.
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Buček, Pavel, Petr Maršolek i Jiří Bílek. "Low-Cost Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring - the Current State of the Technology and a Use Overview". Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 26, nr 1-2 (1.12.2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cdem-2021-0003.

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Abstract In recent years the monitoring of air quality using cheap sensors has become an interesting alternative to conventional analytical techniques. Apart from vast price differences conventional techniques need to be performed by the trained personnel of commercial or research laboratories. Sensors capable of measuring dust, ozone, nitrogen and sulphur oxides, or other air pollutants are relatively simple electronic devices, which are comparable in size to a mobile phone. They provide the general public with the possibility to monitor air quality which can contribute to various projects that differ in regional scale, commercial funding or community-base. In connection with the low price of sensors arises the question of the quality of measured data. This issue is addressed by a number of studies focused on comparing the sensor data with the data of reference measurements. Sensory measurement is influenced by the monitored analyte, type and design of the particular sensor, as well as by the measurement conditions. Currently sensor networks serve as an additional source of information to the network of air quality monitoring stations, where the density of the network provides concentration trends in the area that may exceed specific measured values of pollutant concentrations and low uncertainty of reference measurements. The constant development of all types of sensors is leading to improvements and the difference in data quality between sensors and conventional monitoring techniques may be reduced.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Environmental sensors"

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Benton, Erin Nicole. "Development and Testing of Gold(I) and Europium(III) Based Sensors for Environmental Applications". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505138/.

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This dissertation focuses on the development, characterization, and analysis of luminescent materials and coatings for sensing applications, including CO2, heavy metals, and silver. Chapter 2 involves the use of a gold(I) pyrazolate trimer that is able to detect silver ions with an AgNP medium. Detection of silver is vital, because there is an influx of silver into our environment caused by the increased use of AgNP. Therefore, having a sensor that is able to differentiate between and detect only Ag ions is an important first step to solving the toxicity mystery of AgNPs. Chapter 3 focuses on the development of sensor coatings containing a Eu(III) based luminescent system for sensing dissolved CO2 without the aid of an absorption-based dye. It is well-known that monitoring CO2 levels in our environment is important since even at low concentrations it can cause adverse health effects to the human body. This work demonstrates a pH-sensitive Eu complex being used directly as a CO2 sensor without the aid of any other absorption-based dye. Chapter 4 explores the idea of developing a heavy metal sensor for lead and its ability to detect lead in wide concentration range upon changing the pH of the medium and the polymer matrix. Different heavy metals have toxicity at different concentrations, therefore, being able to change the dynamic range of the sensor is advantageous. This research is the first step towards developing a luminescent Pb sensor with a tunable dynamic range.
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Arrigo, Leah M. "Phosphinimines as potential technetium environmental sensors". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4694.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 4, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Chang, Seung Cheol. "Disposable amperometric sensors for environmental monitoring". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310134.

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Gong, Weidong. "Ocean sensors, for marine environmental monitoring". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/143801/.

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Various sensors and instruments were developed to measure the chemical and physical properties of sea water, but many are expensive and too large to be used on mass deployed vehicles such as the Argo float and submersed gliders. Marine mammal and fish tags require further sensor miniaturisation. This thesis describes the development of new in-situ micro sensor technology for marine environmental monitoring. Nitrite and nitrate are two forms of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in sea water and their availability is a key factor in the regulation of primary productivity in the sea. The in-situ determination of nitrite and nitrate in sea water presents a significant analytical challenge. In this thesis, a simple, low cost double beam spectrophotometer for use in a nitrite sensor for sea water analysis is presented. The sensor uses a colorimetric method to determinate nitrite concentration in sea water, based on Greiss reaction that forms as Azo dye whose absorbance is measured at a wave length of 540nm. The design incorporates a green LED and integrated photo-detectors to make the nitrite sensor compact, with low-cost and low-power consumption. A Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) sensor is the primary tool for determining the physical properties of sea water. A new CT (Conductivity and Temperature) micro sensor is presented in this thesis. The temperature sensor uses a thermistor, and the conductivity sensor uses a novel design of four planar electrodes built in an insulated channel. Conductivity sensors built of planar electrodes can be easily mass-produced on PCB boards, thus significantly reducing cost. This thesis includes the background of the measurement of conductivity, temperature and nitrite concentration in sea water. It also presents a comprehensive analysis of conductivity cells with two, four and five electrodes, together with the detailed multi-sensor interface design. The design and construction of the prototype sensors are described in detail, the key issues and test results are also presented.
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Pino, Flavio. "Development of nanomaterials for environmental monitoring". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325142.

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El monitoreig ambiental basat en sistemes de biosensors té molta rellevància, no només en el camp de la investigació sinó també en aplicacions reals a nivell industrial. Això és degut als avantatges d’aquestes plataformes analítiques com, especialment, la seva simplicitat i alta rendibilitat pel seu cost. A més, els avenços recents en nanociència i nanotecnologia incrementen donen lloc a nous nanomaterials que tenen propietats elèctriques interessants com ara la seva capacitat de millorar la conductivitat dels elèctrodes. Aixó té un interès particular de cara al desenvolupament de sistemes de biosensors electroquímics. La combinació de nanomaterials amb biosensors electroquímics permeten construir eines d’anàlisi poderoses per al monitoreig mediambiental. Aquest és l’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi, que descriu el desenvolupament i l’aplicació de tres nous biosensors pel monitoreig mediambiental mitjançant l’ús de nanomaterials. El primer capítol de la tesi proporciona una introducció general sobre el monitoreig mediambiental de contaminants i dona una breu descripció i classificació d’aquests components nocius. També dona una visió de la rellevància de l’ús de nanomaterials en sistemes de biosensors pel monitoreig mediambiental amb una detallada revisió dels últims treballs publicats que descriuen aspectes innovadors així com possibles inconvenients. Al capítol 3 es descriu una plataforma de monitoreig mediambiental basada en la inhibició de l’enzim acetilcolinesterasa. El sistema desenvolupat utilitza partícules magnètiques i l’enzim acetilcolinesterasa sobre elèctrodes de diamant dopats amb Bor. Gràcies a l’ús de partícules magnètiques i a les característiques de la superfície de l’elèctrode, aquesta plataforma és utilitzada com a sistema multi ús amb una alta reproducibilitat que és capaç de mesurar el pesticida chlorpyrifos en mostres reals d’aigua de riu (riu Yokoama, Japó). Al capítol 4 s’explica el desenvolupament de d’un sistema de detecció simultània de contaminants, el catecol (un derivat fenòlic) i el chlorpyrifos (un pesticida del grup dels organofosfats). Aquesta detecció s’aconsegueix utilitzant elèctrodes serigrafiats de carboni (screen printed carbon electrodes, SPCE) modificats amb nanopartícules d’òxid d’Iridi i amb tirosinasa. El biosensor proposat millora la sensibilitat en la detecció del catecol si es compara amb altres biosensors ja descrits en la bibliografia. Aquest biosensor mostra també una elevada sensibilitat en la detecció de chlorpyrifos quan s’utilitza el mode d’operació d’inhibició de la tirosinasa. Finalment, s’ha explorat l’eficiència del biosensor per aplicacions reals en aigua de riu i aigua de l’aixeta mostrant grans possibilitats per futures aplicacions com a plataforma de baix cost. El tercer biosensor desenvolupat s’explica al capítol 5. En aquest capítol es proposa un sistema de biosensors sense enzims basat en nanopartícules d’òxid de coure (CuO) per la detecció de components fenòlics i d’un herbicida altament tòxic, el Diuron. La detecció es fa mitjançant SPCE on les nanopartícules de CuO formen un complex estable amb els components fenòlics que es mesuren a partir de la reacció electroquímica que té lloc a la superfície de l’elèctrode. Val a dir que és una de les primeres aplicacions que s’utilitzen pel monitoreig mediambiental mitjançant l’ús de nanopartícules de CuO. Aquestes nanopartícules mimetitzen el centre actiu de la tirosinasa obtenint resultats comparables a altres plataformes enzimàtiques. Aquesta plataforma analítica pot ser utilitzada en aplicacions amb mostres reals donat que el límit de detecció obtingut es troba en els nivells que demana el monitoreig establerts per la legislació vigent.
Environmental monitoring based on biosensing systems has increased its relevance not only in the research field but also in the real industrial application. This is due to the advantages of such analytical platforms especially their simplicity and their cost/efficiency. Moreover, the recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology increase the emerging of new nanomaterials which have interesting electrical properties such as their capacity to improve the electrode conductivity. This has a particular interest in the development of electrochemical biosensing systems. The combination of nanomaterials with electrochemical biosensing platforms can build up powerful analytical tools for the environmental monitoring. This represents the main objective of this PhD Thesis, that divided in six chapters describes the development and application of three new biosensing platforms for environmental monitoring using nanomaterials. The first chapter of the thesis gives a general introduction on environmental monitoring of pollutants and offers a brief description and classification of these compounds. This chapter also gives an overview of the relevance of the use of nanomaterials in biosensing systems for environmental monitoring with a detailed review of the last published works describing also their innovation aspects and also the possible drawbacks. In Chapter 3 the biosensing platform for environmental monitoring based on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is described. The developed system uses magnetic beads and acetylcholinesterase enzyme over Boron Doped Diamond Electrode. Moreover, through the use of magnetic beads and the surface characteristics of the electrode, this platform is used as multi use system with high reproducibility able also to measure the pesticide chlorpyrifos in real sample (Yokoama river, Japan). In Chapter 4 a simultaneous detection system of pollutants for catechol (a phenol derivative) and chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate pesticide), is developed. Such sensing is achieved through a SPCE modified with IrOx NPs and tyrosinase. The proposed biosensor reports improvement in the sensitivity for catechol compared to previously reported biosensors. This biosensor shows also a high sensitivity for chlorpyrifos while being used in a tyrosinase inhibition mode operation. Finally the efficiency of this biosensor is explored for real applications in river and tap water showing great possibilities for future application as a low cost platform. In Chapter 5 a free enzymatic bio-sensing system based on CuO nanoparticles for detection of phenols compounds and for a high toxic herbicide (Diuron) is proposed. Such sensing is achieved through a SPCE where CuO NPs create a stable complex with phenolic compounds that are measured through electrochemical reaction at electrode surface. Moreover it is one of the first applications using CuO NPs for environmental monitoring. CuO NPs have the function to mimic the active centre of tyrosinase obtaining results comparable with other enzymatic platforms. This analytical platform can be used for real sample applications due to the fact that the detection limit is within the requested levels of monitoring established by the legislation. Annex A shows a very interesting review over the biosensing systems inenvironmental monitoring using nanomaterials. This review was published in a very high impact factor journal (Chemical Review Impact factor of 46.658).
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Schädle, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Mid-infrared sensors for environmental monitoring / Thomas Schädle". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124067841/34.

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Fang, Xinwei. "Improving data quality for low-cost environmental sensors". Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21259/.

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Using low-cost sensors to monitor the urban environment has become increasingly popular, as they can provide better data resolution than current practices. However, these low-cost sensors often produce poorer data quality, and so the data may not be utilised directly without processing. This thesis presents a two-phase solution for improving the data quality of low-cost environmental sensors. The solution consists of a novel method for anomaly detection and removal, and a process of sensor calibration. In the first phase, an anomaly model is utilised to identify the anomalies, which is constructed using a Bayesian-based approach. New contextual information is used to build the anomaly model, that is to the best of our knowledge the first time it has been used for such purpose. The result shows that this solution is more practical and robust than the existing approaches. In the second phase, a systematic comparison of the state-of-the-art calibration approaches is performed. The comparison aims to understand the difference between the methods, and the result shows a regression based method could provide a more predicable result and require much less computational resources. As a result, a regression based method is used for calibrating sensors in this work. In contrast to the existing approaches, the proposed method for calibration is able to systematically and automatically select the calibration parameters. The parameter selection ensures the best set of parameters are used in the model, which makes the calibration process less sensitive to different environmental conditions. The overall evaluations are performed using real datasets. The results show the data quality in terms of general accuracy against the reference instruments can be significantly improved, especially for sensors at roadside.
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Schädle, Thomas Fabian [Verfasser]. "Mid-infrared sensors for environmental monitoring / Thomas Schädle". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124067841/34.

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Pol, Arcas Roberto. "Printing technologies for biotechnological and environmental sensing applications". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667857.

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Las actividades industriales han dejado contaminación en el suelo, el aire y el agua en todo el mundo. Las emisiones de SOx provenientes de gases de combustión requieren tratamiento antes de su liberación al medio ambiente. Los tratamientos fisicoquímicos convencionales utilizados hasta ahora son costosos y requieren mucho tiempo. Además, esos tratamientos también generan aguas residuales que requieren un procesamiento adicional. Para superar el desafío del tratamiento de SOx, se propone un nuevo enfoque que utiliza un método biológico respetuoso con el medio ambiente. El proceso se basa en una adsorción selectiva de SOx, seguida de un tratamiento biológico de dos etapas. Una vez adsorbidos los SOx, se someten a una primera etapa biocatalítica, en la que los microorganismos reductores de sulfato catalizan su conversión en sulfuro de hidrógeno. Posteriormente, se realiza una segunda etapa biocatalítica por microorganismos oxidantes de sulfuro, obteniendo finalmente azufre elemental. Un punto crucial que tratar en este proceso biotecnológico es la cuantificación en tiempo real de las especies de azufre antes y después de cada etapa biocatalítica. Los métodos convencionales, tales como la gravimetría, la turbidimetría, la nefelometría, la electroforesis capilar y la cromatografía iónica se han utilizado para la cuantificación de especies de azufre. Aunque esos métodos se han implementado de manera abrumadora hace unas décadas, no son adecuados para mediciones in situ y en tiempo real, requieren personal capacitado, son costosos y consumen mucho tiempo. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de proporcionar nuevos sistemas analíticos que puedan reemplazar a los convencionales. Las plataformas microfluídicas se han estudiado debido a su posibilidad de reemplazar un laboratorio convencional totalmente equipado. Las ventajas bien conocidas de estos sistemas de detección incluyen: compacidad, bajo consumo de muestra, producción de bajo coste, mejor monitoreo y control de procesos, análisis en tiempo real y una respuesta rápida. Estas características abren la posibilidad de realizar medidas in situ y en tiempo real. Además, funcionan de tal manera que el pretratamiento de la muestra y el ensayo químico se pueden realizar en su interior. Su diseño ergonómico y fácil de usar les permite adaptarse fácilmente para realizar el análisis deseado simplemente modificando la geometría de los canales. Estas características hacen que la microfluídica sea de interés en procesos que requieren múltiples análisis al mismo tiempo. Para la producción de sistemas analíticos miniaturizados se han utilizado varias técnicas de microfabricación (por ejemplo, micromaquinado, estampado en caliente, moldeo por inyección, ablación por láser, micromilling y litografía) y materiales (por ejemplo, silicio, polímeros, metales, cerámica, etc.). No obstante, todos estos métodos requieren personal capacitado, son costosos y requieren mucho tiempo. Además, requieren más pasos de procesamiento (por ejemplo, grabado químico, sellado, etc.) después de la fabricación. Hoy en día, los científicos han estado explorando nuevas metodologías para producir tales sistemas analíticos de una manera más factible y más barata. En esta tesis, se promueve el uso de tecnologías de impresión (impresión por chorro de tinta, serigrafía e impresión 3D) para producir plataformas analíticas para la cuantificación de compuestos químicos relevantes en reactores biotecnológicos y en el medio ambiente (S2-, SO42- and NO2-). Por lo tanto, el estado del arte de los dispositivos microfluídicos y los sistemas analíticos impresos se han desarrollado ampliamente:
Modern industrial activities have left wide-spread hazardous pollution in soil, air and water across the globe. Emissions of SOx coming from flue gases require treatment before their release into the environment. Conventional physic-chemical treatments used hitherto are expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, those treatments also generate wastewater that requires further processing. To overcome the SOx treatment challenge, a new approach using environmentally friendly biological method is proposed. The process is based on a selective adsorption of SOx, followed by a two-stage biological treatment. Once the SOx are adsorbed they undergo a first biocatalytic stage, in which sulfate-reducing microorganisms catalyze their conversion into hydrogen sulfide. Afterwards, a second biocatalytic stage by sulfide-oxidizing microorganisms is done, finally obtaining elemental sulfur. A crucial point to address in this biotechnological process is the real-time quantification of sulfur species before and after each biocatalytic stage. Conventional methods, such as gravimetry, turbidimetry, nephelometry, capillary electrophoresis and ionic chromatography have been widely used for sulfur species quantification. Although those methods have been overwhelmingly implemented a few decades ago, they are not suitable of in situ real-time measurements, require trained personnel and they are costly and time consuming. Therefore, there is a need to provide new analytical systems that can replace conventional ones. Microfluidic platforms have been extensively studied due to their possibility of replacing a fully equipped conventional laboratory. Well-known advantages of these microfluidic sensing systems include: compactness, low sample consumption, low-cost production, better overall monitoring and process control, real-time analysis and a fast response. These characteristics open the possibility of performing in situ and real-time measurements. Also, they operate in such a manner that sample pre-treatment as well as chemical assay can be performed therein. Their ergonomic and user-friendly design allows them to be easily adapted to perform a desired analysis just by simply modifying the geometry of the channels. These features make microfluidics of interest in processes that require multiple analyses at the same time. Several microfabrication techniques (e.g., micromachining, hot embossing, injection molding, laser ablation, micromilling and soft lithography) and materials (e.g., silicon, polymers, metals, ceramics, etc.) have been used for the production of miniaturized analytical systems. Nonetheless, all these methods require trained personnel and are expensive and time consuming. Moreover, they require further processing steps (e.g., etching, sealing, etc.) after the fabrication. Nowadays, scientists have been exploring new methodologies to produce such analytical systems in a more feasible and cheaper manner. In this thesis, the use of printing technologies (inkjet printing, screen-printing and 3D printing) to produce analytical platforms for quantification of relevant chemical compounds in biotechnological reactors and in the environment (S2-, SO42- and NO2-) are promoted. Hence, the state-of-the-art of microfluidic devices and the printed analytical systems have been widely developed.
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Chocarro, Ruiz Blanca. "Development of bimodal waveguide interferometric sensors for environmental monitoring". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669867.

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La presente Tesis Doctoral está dedicada al desarrollo de novedosos sensores nanofotónicos como soluciones alternativas a las herramientas existentes de monitoreo medioambiental. En concreto, proponemos el uso de un novedoso sensor interferométrico, el dispositivo de guías de onda bimodales (BiMW), para el análisis selectivo, sensible, rápido y directo de contaminantes presentes en ambientes marinos y el aire. Para la detección de contaminantes en diferentes medios, agua y aire, se han seguido dos estrategias. La primera fue el desarrollo de un dispositivo biosensor basado en un inmunoensayo competitivo para la detección de bajas concentraciones de un pesticida directamente en agua de mar. Para lograr este objetivo, empezamos con un estudio en profundidad de diferentes estrategias de biofuncionalización porque la química de superficie debe optimizarse para maximizar la estabilidad, reproducibilidad y sensibilidad del inmunoensayo competitivo. Otro aspecto crucial para el desarrollo del biosensor fue la optimización de las condiciones del inmunoensayo. Nuestro inmunosensor final supera alguna de las técnicas analíticas actuales y ofrece una herramienta analítica avanzada para el control en tiempo real e in-situ de la contaminación del agua. La segunda estrategia propone la integración de redes metal- orgánicas porosas (MOFs) como receptores para desarrollar un sensor químico capaz de detectar pequeñas moléculas como los gases. Primero, se evaluó el tipo de MOF y se optimizó la integración en láminas delgadas. Luego, se evaluó el sensor MOF-BiMW de gases en términos de sensibilidad, selectividad, reproducibilidad y estabilidad. Los resultados demuestras que este nuevo sensor supera algunos de los inconvenientes de las metodologías actuales para la detección de gases. Este trabajo ha abierto el camino para una nueva línea de investigación basada en la implementación de herramientas avanzadas para el control medioambiental
This Doctoral Thesis is devoted to the development of novel nanophotonic sensors as alternative solutions for the existing environmental monitoring tools currently employed. In particular, we propose the use of a novel interferometric sensor, the bimodal waveguide interferometer device (BiMW), for the selective, sensitive, rapid and direct analysis of pollutants present in the marine and the air environments. For the detection of pollutants in different media, air and water, two strategies have been followed. The first approach was the development of a biosensor device based in a competitive immunoassay for the detection of traces of a pesticide directly in seawater. To achieve this objective, we started with an in-depth study of different biofunctionalization strategies because the surface chemistry needs to be optimized to maximize the stability, reproducibility and sensitivity of the competitive immunoassay. Another crucial step for the development of the pesticide biosensor was the optimization of the immunoassay conditions. Our final immunosensor overcomes some of the constraints of the current analytical techniques and offers an advanced analytical tool for the real-time and on-site monitoring of water pollution control. The second strategy proposes the integration of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as receptors to develop a chemical sensor for the detection of small molecules such as gases. First, the type of MOF and the integration in thin films were evaluated and optimized. Then, the developed MOF-BiMW gas sensor was assessed in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and stability. Results show that this new sensor overcomes some of the drawbacks of the current methodologies for gas sensing. This work has opened the path of a new research line for the real implementation of advanced environmental monitoring sensing tools.
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Książki na temat "Environmental sensors"

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Bhattacharya, Shantanu, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Nripen Chanda, Ashok Pandey i Ashis Kumar Sen, red. Environmental, Chemical and Medical Sensors. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7751-7.

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Gruber, D. Automated biomonitoring: Living sensors as environmental monitors. Chichester: E. Horwood, 1988.

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Narayanaswamy, R. Optical sensors: Industrial, environmental, and diagnostic applications. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Mulchandani, Ashok, i Omowunmi A. Sadik, red. Chemical and Biological Sensors for Environmental Monitoring. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0762.

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Moretto, Ligia Maria, i Kurt Kalcher, red. Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1301-5.

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Moretto, Ligia Maria, i Kurt Kalcher, red. Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0676-5.

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Humidity sensors: Types, nanomaterials, and environmental monitoring. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Relative humidity: Sensors, management, and environmental effects. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Narayanaswamy, Ramaier. Optical Sensors: Industrial Environmental and Diagnostic Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.

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Ram, Manoj Kumar. Sensors for chemical and biological applications. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Części książek na temat "Environmental sensors"

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Brown, Richard B., i Edward T. Zeixers. "Environmental Monitoring". W Sensors, 529–54. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620128.ch20.

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Jones, Keith W. "Environmental Sensors". W Sensors, 451–89. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620180.ch16.

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Bruno, Giuseppe, i Michele Vaiana. "Environmental Sensors". W Silicon Sensors and Actuators, 543–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80135-9_17.

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Colbow, Konrad, i Karen L. Colbow. "Sensors and Monitoring Systems in Environmental Control". W Sensors, 969–79. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620142.ch6.

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Lein, James K. "Sensors and Systems". W Environmental Sensing, 51–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0143-8_3.

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Trettnak, Wolfgang, Michael Hofer i Otto S. Wolfbeis. "Applications of Optochemical Sensors for Measuring Environmental and Biochemical Quantities". W Sensors, 931–67. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620142.ch5.

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Lechuga, L. M., F. Prieto i B. Sepúlveda. "Interferometric Biosensors for Environmental Pollution Detection". W Optical Sensors, 227–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09111-1_10.

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Sapsford, Kim E., i Frances S. Ligler. "TIRF Array Biosensor for Environmental Monitoring". W Optical Sensors, 359–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09111-1_14.

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Bi, Xin. "Infrared Sensors and Ultrasonic Sensors". W Environmental Perception Technology for Unmanned Systems, 143–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8093-2_5.

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Brett, Christopher. "Other Types of Sensors: Impedance-Based Sensors, FET Sensors, Acoustic Sensors". W Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors, 351–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0676-5_14.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Environmental sensors"

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Lieberman, Robert. "Environmental Sensing". W Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.1992.th42.

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Arnold, Thomas, Martin De Biasio, Andreas Fritz i Raimund Leitner. "UAV-based multispectral environmental monitoring". W 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690923.

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Alemohammad, Hamid, Richard Liang, Dilara Yilman, Amir Azhari, Kiera Mathers, Christina Chang, Brian Chan i Michael A. Pope. "Fiber Optic Sensors for Harsh Environments: Environmental, Hydrogeological, and Chemical Sensing Applications". W Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2018.tub4.

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Hauptmann, Peter R. "Chemical resonant sensors". W Environmental Sensing '92, redaktorzy Tuan Vo-Dinh i Karl Cammann. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.140266.

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Jesus, Gonzalo, Anabela Oliveira, Alberto Azevedo i Antonio Casimiro. "Improving sensor-fusion with environmental models". W 2015 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2015.7370654.

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Wilson, Denise, i Brian Ferguson. "Optimization of surface plasmon resonance for environmental monitoring". W 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690814.

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Lieberman, R. A. "Fiber-optic sensors for environmental applications". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.thp.1.

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The use of optical fibers for chemical monitoring predates communications uses. In recent years, advances in fiber optic and semiconductor technology, as well as in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, have made fiber optic chemical sensors very attractive for a wide variety of environmental applications. Remote spectroscopic measurements via optical fibers (passive fiber optic chemical sensing), including fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, and often multiplexing many fibers to provide simultaneous multipoint chemical information, have become well accepted in the process control and environmental monitoring industries. Active techniques, in which chemically sensitive devices, or “optrodes”, are attached to fibers, are being intensively studied, and a few sensor systems based on these are beginning to appear as commercial products. Intrinsic sensors, in which optical fibers are the actual chemical transduction devices, have begun to attract wide attention, because of their potential for continuous long-path monitoring. Chemical sensing requirements challenge fiber optic researchers: new optical fiber designs (D-fibers, hollow waveguides, multi-core, off-center core, tapered geometries, and others) are being investigated to enhance fiber chemical sensitivity. New fiber materials (fluorozirconate, chalcogenide, sapphire, silver halide, and others) are being developed to extend transmission into the infrared “chemical fingerprint” region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Dey, Shuv, Yogendra Joshi i J. Michael Brown. "Packaging Environmental Sensors for an Internet-of-Things Solution for Urban-Microclimate Studies". W ASME 2019 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2019-6515.

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Abstract Cities are experiencing a number of negative effects caused by increasing urbanization. For decades, the effects of pollution have been recognized and studied and steps have been taken attempting to control this problem. Many urban environments are also experiencing the effect of the Urban Heat Island (UHI). UHIs are metropolitan areas that have measurably warmer average air temperatures during several periods during the year, than their surrounding rural areas. There is a great interest in studying UHI and pollution and its effects on the environment as well as urban residents. However, in order to study these phenomena, we need more information than we currently have. Thus, an IoT based low cost sensor network can be used to collect the data necessary to study UHI and pollution. There are several key challenges associated with an IoT based solution to environmental data monitoring. This study explores these challenges by looking at what effect the packaging has on the deployed environmental sensors, and how and where to deploy sensor modules. Sensor data collected over a few months’ timeframe are analyzed and presented.
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Quach, Nhi V., Jewoo Park, Yonghwi Kim, Ruey-Hwa Cheng, Michal Jenco, Alex K. Lee, Chenxi Yin i Yoonjin Won. "Machine Learning Enables Autonomous Vehicles Under Extreme Environmental Conditions". W ASME 2022 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2022-96542.

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Abstract Autonomous vehicles are part of an expanding industry that encompasses various interdisciplinary fields including but not limited to dynamics and control, thermal engineering, sensors, data processing, and artificial intelligence. Autonomous vehicles require the use of various sensors, such as optical cameras, RADAR (radio detection and ranging), or LiDAR (light detection and ranging), to navigate on the road with the aim of self-driving. However, the exposures to environmental conditions related to the combination of surrounding temperature and humidity lead to challenges in sensor performance. For example, the sensor’s temperature will increase as the heat is generated during the vehicle’s usage. On the other hand, the sensor system will undergo thermal shock from the temperature difference the due to sudden changes in temperature, such as moving from an indoor garage at room temperature to −10°C environments. Furthermore, the consistent exposure to the cold weather may occur frosting, which can obstruct the optical sensor’s visibility. Those issues limit the potential of data processing from optical cameras and consequence autonomous driving reliability at extreme environmental conditions. To review the requirements for sensor performance used in autonomous vehicles and to formulate solutions addressing potential concerns to improve autonomous driving safety, we simulate camera operating conditions in the real world. First, we correlate the common placements of optical sensors, mainly focusing on cameras, in autonomous vehicles to naturally occurring environmental conditions in relation to temperature and humidity. With this correlation, we aim to provide an understanding of potential areas on the vehicle that may be more prone to environmental factors of thermal shock or humidity variations. Second, we examine the condensation and frosting mechanism and formation sequence on the vehicle surfaces (e.g., windshield and camera lenses), which is then used to determine the level of water on the lenses before the sensor vision is impeded. Third, we introduce and conceptualize machine learning models that can extract features by employing object detection algorithms that perform image restoration to reconstruct areas with deterioration despite the presence of the droplets or frosts on the camera. With this research, we aim to provide a better understanding of the potential caveats and algorithm solutions that can help the capability for autonomous driving even under extreme environmental conditions.
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Tatavarti, Rao, Arulmozhivarman Pachiyappan, Anil Jakkam, Shanmuka Rao S i Tatavarti Aparna. "Optoelectronic Sensor on Moving Platforms for Monitoring Environmental Parameters". W Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2013.sw4b.4.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Environmental sensors"

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Gundel, Lara, Thomas Kirchstetter, Michael Spears i Douglas Sullivan. Aircraft Cabin Environmental Quality Sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983244.

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Tuenge, Jason, Michael Poplawski i Benjamin Feagin Jr. Specifying Calibration of Environmental Sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1819952.

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Miller, David Russell, Alex Lockwood Robinson, Clifford Kuofei Ho i Mary Jo Davis. Sensors for environmental monitoring and long-term environmental stewardship. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919150.

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Chappell, Mark, Wu-Sheng Shih, Cynthia Price, Rishi Patel, Daniel Janzen, John Bledsoe, Kay Mangelson i in. Environmental life cycle assessment on CNTRENE® 1030 material and CNT based sensors. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42086.

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This report details a study investigating the environmental impacts associated with the development and manufacturing of carbon nanotube (CNT)–based ink (called CNTRENE 1030 material) and novel CNT temperature, flex, and moisture sensors. Undertaken by a private-public partnership involving Brewer Science (Rolla, Missouri), Jordan Valley Innovation Center of Missouri State University (Springfield, Missouri), and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (Vicksburg, Mississippi), this work demonstrates the environmental life cycle assessment (ELCA) methodology as a diagnostic tool to pinpoint the particular processes and materials posing the greatest environmental impact associated with the manufacture of the CNTRENE material and CNT-based sensor devices. Additionally, ELCA tracked the degree to which optimizing the device manufacturing process for full production also changed its predicted marginal environmental impacts.
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Dichter, Bronislaw K., Marilyn R. Oberhardt i John O. McGarity. Small On-Board Environmental Diagnostics Sensors Package (SOBEDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luty 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada323579.

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Dichter, Bronislaw K., Robert Redus, Valentin Jordanov, Marilyn R. Oberhardt i Wallie Everest. Small On-Board Environmental Diagnostics Sensors Package (SOBEDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, grudzień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada339245.

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Redus, Robert H., Alan C. Huber, Phil D'Entremont, John O. McGarity i David J. Sperry. Small On-Board Environmental Diagnostic Sensors Package (SOBEDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luty 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada380790.

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Rossabi, J. Fiber optic sensors for environmental applications: A brief review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7261258.

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Rossabi, J. Fiber optic sensors for environmental applications: A brief review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10175208.

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Gurtowski, Luke A., Joshua J. LeMonte, Jay Bennett, Matt Middleton i Brandon J. Lafferty. Evaluation of multiparameter water meter for Environmental Toolkit for Expeditionary Operations. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44520.

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A new, commercially available, field-portable water sensor was evaluated for efficacy during operation and compatibility with current Environmental Toolkit for Expeditionary Operations (ETEO) software. The ETEO provides sensors to Soldiers to rapidly identify and quantify environmental contamination in soil, air, and water at potential new base sites during initial reconnaissance to ensure Soldier safety and minimize unnecessary remediation efforts by the Army. The primary objective of this study was to enhance ETEO performance by providing the capability to evaluate multiple water quality properties simultaneously.
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