Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Environmental load theory”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Environmental load theory.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Environmental load theory”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Okada, Norio, i Atushi Nishikori. "A Game Theory lodel of the Environmental Load Allocation". INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 3 (1986): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.3.65.
Pełny tekst źródła
2
Attia, Mohamed A., Ammar Melaibari, Rabab A. Shanab i Mohamed A. Eltaher. "Dynamic Analysis of Sigmoid Bidirectional FG Microbeams under Moving Load and Thermal Load: Analytical Laplace Solution". Mathematics 10, nr 24 (16.12.2022): 4797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10244797.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper presents for the first time a closed-form solution of the dynamic response of sigmoid bidirectional functionally graded (SBDFG) microbeams under moving harmonic load and thermal environmental conditions. The formulation is established in the context of the modified couple stress theory to integrate the effects of microstructure. On the basis of the elasticity theory, nonclassical governing equations are derived by using Hamilton’s principle in combination with the parabolic higher-order shear deformation theory considering the physical neutral plane concept. Sigmoid distribution functions are used to describe the temperature-dependent thermomechanical material of bulk continuums of the beam in both the axial and thickness directions, and the gradation of the material length scale parameter is also considered. Linear and nonlinear temperature profiles are considered to present the environmental thermal loads. The Laplace transform is exploited for the first time to evaluate the closed-form solution of the proposed model for a simply supported (SS) boundary condition. The solution is verified by comparing the predicted fundamental frequency and dynamic response with the previously published results. A parametric study is conducted to explore the impacts of gradient indices in both directions, graded material length scale parameters, thermal loads, and moving speed of the acted load on the dynamic response of microbeams. The results can serve as a principle for evaluating the multi-functional and optimal design of microbeams acted upon by a moving load.
3
Clement, A. "Improving uncertain nutrient load estimates for Lake Balaton". Water Science and Technology 43, nr 7 (1.04.2001): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0436.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Annual nutrient loads have been estimated for Lake Balaton over three decades. Tributaries may transport about half of the loads into the lake. The contribution of diffuse sources may reach two thirds of the total load. Biweekly/monthly water quality monitoring on small inflows (0.01 m3/s-0.3 m3/s range) results in a high uncertainty of load estimates. This paper evaluates the degree of uncertainties by using analytical expressions of sampling theory. Load-flow relationships were derived for five streams and annual total phosphorus load was predicted by four load estimation methods. A seasonal regression model, based upon the evaluation of historical set of observed phosphorus loads, appeared best to refine load estimates on small inflows. Correction frequently led to load estimates that exceeded uncorrected loads by a factor of two to three. Since the dynamics of the watercourses determined the errors of load estimates, stratified sampling is needed to decrease the uncertainties.
4
Hueckel, Tomasz A. "Water–mineral interaction in hygromechanics of clays exposed to environmental loads: a mixture-theory approach". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, nr 6 (1.12.1992): 1071–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-124.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Water–mineral interaction in narrow interstices (<30 Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm)) in dense, saturated clays is discussed in view of recent experimental findings and molecular dynamics simulations. Consequences to the macroscopic behavior are considered. A mixture theory for two interacting constituents is developed. Effects of temperature and chemicals are discussed. A postulate of mass transfer of adsorbed water from solid to fluid fraction caused by thermal or chemical load is then discussed. Theory of plasticity of clays affected by heat or chemicals is developed to deal with the effects of thermal and chemical consolidation. Key words : hydraulic conductivity, effective stress, environmental loads, thermo-chemo-plasticity.
5
Jung, Sooyoung, Yong Tae Yoon i Jun-Ho Huh. "An Efficient Micro Grid Optimization Theory". Mathematics 8, nr 4 (10.04.2020): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8040560.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A Micro Grid is an aggregate of many small-scale distributed energy resources (DERs); loads and can be operated independently or together with the existing power grid as a local power grid. The operator of such a grid takes charge of the energy supply and consumption of these resources and loads available in the grid. Meanwhile, the system operator of the grid considers the entire Micro Grid system to be a single load or a generator and assigns the responsibility of its internal management to the operator. The power production from a passive production resource is largely influenced by external environmental factors such as weather conditions, rather than operating conditions. Thus, this study conducted simulations for the cases where four kinds of conditional expressions had not been applied at all or one of them had been applied to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of each expression. As a result, the conditional equations were found to be effective when attempting to optimize the Micro Grids efficiently.
6
Hu, Bo, Nan Wang, Zaiming Yu, Yunqing Cao, Dongsheng Yang i Li Sun. "Optimal Operation of Multiple Energy System Based on Multi-Objective Theory and Grey Theory". Energies 15, nr 1 (22.12.2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010068.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The manufacturing industry consumes electricity and natural gas to provide the power and heat required for manufacturing. Additionally, large amounts of electric energy and heat energy are used, and the electricity cost, amount of environmental pollution, and equipment maintenance cost are high. Thus, optimizing the management of equipment with new energy is important to satisfy the load demand from the system. This paper formulates the scheduling problem of these multiple energy systems as a multi-objective linear regression model (MLRM), and an energy management system is designed focusing on the economy and on greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, a variety of optimization objectives and constraints are proposed to make the energy management scheme more practical. Then, grey theory is combined with the common MLRM to accurately represent the uncertainty in the system and to make the model better reflect the actual situation. This paper takes load fluctuation, total grid operation cost, and environmental pollution value as reference standards to measure the effect of the gray optimization algorithm. Lastly, the model is applied to optimize the energy supply plan and its performance is demonstrated using numerical examples. The verification results meet the optimized operating conditions of the multi-energy microgrid system.
7
Jorgenson, Andrew K. "The sociology of ecologically unequal exchange, foreign investment dependence and environmental load displacement: summary of the literature and implications for sustainability". Journal of Political Ecology 23, nr 1 (1.12.2016): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v23i1.20221.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article begins by summarizing sociological approaches to (1) ecologically unequal exchange, and (2) foreign investment dependence and environmental load displacement. These areas of sociological inquiry consist of structural theories and cross-national statistical analyses that test hypotheses derived from both approaches. It concludes by briefly describing sociological research on global civil society and the environment, with a focus on the world society approach to environmental change. This area of theory and research provides some insights on ways in which global and transnational civil society groups, such as environmental international nongovernmental organizations, can partially mitigate the environmental harms caused by ecologically unequal exchanges and environmental load displacements.Key words: ecologically unequal exchange, environmental load displacement, foreign investment dependence
8
Kato, Seizo, Naoki Maruyama, Yasuki Nikai, Hidekazu Takai i Anugerah Widiyanto. "Life Cycle Assessment Estimation for Eco-Management of Co-Generation Systems". Journal of Energy Resources Technology 123, nr 1 (30.10.2000): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1345732.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A LCA (life cycle assessment) scheme for any industrial activity system is introduced to estimate the quantitative load on the environment with the aid of the NETS (numerical environment total standard) method proposed by the authors as a numerical measure. Two kinds of environmental loads respecting fossil fuel depletion as input resources to the system and global warming due to CO2 emission as output are taken into account in the present eco-criterion, in which the total eco-load (EcL) value is calculated from the summation of respective environmental load factors on the whole process in a life cycle of the system. This NETS method is applied to eco-management co-generation systems, in which a computer-aided output navigator proceeds the LCA estimation with ICON and Q&A communication. An operation scheme most friendly to the environment with a minimum EcL value, i.e., an eco-operation scheme, is derived from the optimization theory.
9
Ren, Yue, i Yue Zhao. "Studies on the Environmental Impact of the HVAC Equipments Based on the LCA Theory". Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (listopad 2014): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.417.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We chose an endpoint damage model and combined it with ecological index method to obtain the life cycle assessment model of HVAC equipment. The environmental load was calculated which included the production of room air conditioners and water chillers. The environmental impact of the HVAC industry in China was analyzed quantitatively at a macroeconomic level. And the energy saving strategy was analyzed.
10
Perelmuter, Anatolii. "Theory of structures and design codes". Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, nr 108 (30.05.2022): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2022.108.3-16.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Building structures should correspond to the reliability requirements which are implemented with the help of design codes. The latter are based on the method of limit states. In order to simplify the verifications, the design codes often deliberately deviate from the scientifically based theoretical provisions of such fundamental disciplines as the theory of elasticity and the theory of plasticity, replacing them with the so-called working practices. The paper presents that there are inaccurately formulated recommendations in the design codes. The paper also specifies on some important problems that are not reflected in the design codes. This applies to the choice of failure probability values, the use of partial reliability factors, the calculation methodology in case of an emergency, the problems of using the results of nonlinear calculation, etc.
The paper presents some considerations on these issues, with the main attention being paid to the analysis of the existing design tradition and guidance to unresolved issues. The problems of recommended reliability parameters, clarification of the limit state concepts, analysis of accidental situations, the safety factors values and possible relationship between the safety factors for load and the safety factors for materials, loads and load effects, vulnerability assessment as well as reliability of protected systems have been considered.
The considerations presented by the paper give only a partial idea of the range of issues that arise when comparing working practices used in the design codes with the theoretical fundamentals they should correspond to. It should also be noted that the design codes do not provide any justifications for their recommendations. The presented paper can initiate a scientific discussion and be useful both for the developers of design codes and for the developers of software packages implemented the design codes.
11
Buckle, I. G., A. R. Dickson i M. H. Phillips. "Ultimate strength of three reinforced concrete highway bridges". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, nr 1 (1.03.1985): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-007.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The destructive testing of three reinforced concrete highway bridges, recently made redundant by road realignment, is summarized. The procedure used to test the bridges to ultimate conditions is described and load capacities of about 20 times class 1 axle loads are reported for all structures. Analyses based on conventional ultimate strength theory can account for only two-thirds of these ultimate loads and then only if second order effects are included. A nonlinear finite element computer program has been developed and used to analyze one of these structures. Excellent prediction of the ultimate load is made by the program. It is therefore suggested that compressive membrane action, which is automatically modelled in the finite element solution, plays a significant role in the enhancement of load capacity.The paper concludes that a more sophisticated approach to the assessment of bridge load capacity is necessary if realistic estimates of actual strength are to be made. Limited experience with a nonlinear finite element program suggests one such approach. If used with care, some relief to the bridge replacement program can be expected. Key words: highway bridges, ultimate load capacity, finite element analysis, reinforced concrete, field testing, compressive membrane action.
12
Sato, J. A., F. J. Vecchio i H. M. Andre. "Scale-model testing of reinforced concrete under impact loading conditions". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, nr 4 (1.08.1989): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-075.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Aspects of scaling theory relating to the response of reinforced concrete structures under impact load conditions are reviewed. Details for modelling concrete and reinforcement, to be consistent with similitude requirements, are also discussed. A test program is described in which models of varying size were constructed, drop tested, and compared with prototype response. An analysis of the test data is made, indicating that, within certain limitations, the predictions of scaling theory are applicable to reinforced concrete subjected to extreme impact loads. Key words: cracking, impact, loads, modelling, reinforced concrete, scaling, stresses, structures, tests.
13
Wolinski, S., i T. Pytlowany. "Evaluation of Load Values Using the Gumbel Model". Archives of Civil Engineering 58, nr 2 (1.06.2012): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v.10169-012-0012-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract The paper deals with application of the Gumbel model to evaluation of the environmental loads. According to recommendations of Eurocodes, the conventional method of determining return period and characteristic values of loads utilizes the theory of extremes and implicitly assumes that the cumulative distribution function of the annual or other basic period extremes is the Gumbel distribution. However, the extreme value theory shows that the distribution of extremes asymptotically approaches the Gumbel distribution when the number of independent observations in each observation period from which the maximum is abstracted increases to infinity. Results of calculations based on simulation show that in practice the rate of convergence is very slow and significantly depends on the type of parent results distribution, values of coefficient of variation, and number of observation periods. In this connection, a straightforward purely empirical method based on fitting a curve to the observed extremes is suggested.
14
Kadar, Nur Khairiyah, Norah Md Noor i Juhazren Junaidi. "Integrating Cognitive Load Theory in Video Based Learning Environment". Advanced Science Letters 21, nr 10 (1.10.2015): 3106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.6471.
Pełny tekst źródła
15
Wang, Cui, Changyi Liu, Xiaoxiao Si, Cuixia Zhang, Fan Liu, Li’e Yu i Guohua Chen. "Study on the Choice of Wastewater Treatment Process Based on the Emergy Theory". Processes 9, nr 9 (13.09.2021): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091648.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
With the increase in industrialization and urbanization, water pollution has become increasingly serious, and wastewater treatment has become a common step in preventing this. For a greater understanding of the sustainability of different wastewater treatment systems, two processes, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor + Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic and Anaerobic Baffled Reactor + Cyclic Activated Sludge System, were selected, and their sustainability was evaluated based on three indicators, namely emergy yield ratio, environmental load rate, and emergy sustainability development index, according to emergy theory. The results show that the emergy yield ratio and environmental load rate of the ABR + CASS process were lower than those of the ABR + A2/O process, and the emergy sustainability development index of the ABR + CASS process was higher than that of the ABR + A2/O process, showing better sustainability. The research methods and findings of this study play an important role for decision makers in selecting sustainable wastewater treatment processes.
16
Gayatri, M. T. L., i Alivelu M Parimi. "Single phase PQ theory based control of active power filter for power quality enhancement in DG connected microgrid". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 1.8 (9.02.2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.9445.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The number of DG systems like Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Systems are now penetrating more into the conventional power system. In microgrids, loads and generators are in the close vicinity. However, due to the unpredictable nature of non-conventional energy resources like wind and solar with varying loads, it is almost impossible to maintain an accurate power balance between the source and load. Furthermore, to compensate reactive power and harmonics of this AC microgrid and also to maintain a reasonable power quality, it is essential to use a state-of-the-art controller like shunt active power filter (Sh. APF). This research work is an effort in the same direction wherein the actual environmental data like solar irradiation and wind profile have been collected with the help of the weather monitoring system in BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus and this data has been used in conceiving and designing an AC microgrid of suitable capacity. The loads included in this system are both harmonic and reactive in nature. Finally, a Sh. APF with an appropriate control scheme has been incorporated in the proposed AC microgrid so that impeccable power quality is maintained at the load end, apart from achieving a good power balance.
17
Qi, Feng, Jian Yun Pan i Bo Yang. "Research on Strengthening Mechanism of Bamboo Fiber Concrete under Splitting Tensile Load". Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (październik 2011): 1455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1455.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Bamboo fiber concrete is a type of architectural material. Because of its fast growth and environmental protection, bamboo fiber concrete attracts much attention from researchers and industries. However, research on bamboo fiber concrete is not enough which greatly affects its applications in engineering. Based on the splitting tensile test of bamboo fiber concrete, the formulas of splitting tensile strength are presented using composite material theory and fiber spacing theory respectively. A comparison of the theoretical values of splitting tensile strength with those of test is made. It is found that the formula deduced from composite material theory leads to severe errors because of its unrealistic hypothesis. Therefore the composite material theory is inappropriate to explain the strengthening mechanism of bamboo fiber concrete. On the other hand, fiber spacing theory not only has higher accuracy but also reflects the effect of fiber content and length-radius-ratio on the splitting tensile strength of concrete. So the fiber spacing theory is adapted to study the strengthening mechanism of bamboo fiber to concrete.
18
Zhou, Dan, Zhonghao Guo, Yuzhe Xie, Yuheng Hu, Da Jiang, Yibin Feng i Dong Liu. "Using Bayesian Deep Learning for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Load Forecasting". Energies 15, nr 17 (25.08.2022): 6195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176195.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In recent years, replacing internal combustion engine vehicles with electric vehicles has been a significant option for supporting reducing carbon emissions because of fossil fuel shortage and environmental contamination. However, the rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) can bring new and uncertain load conditions to the electric network. Precise load forecasting for EV charging stations becomes vital to reduce the negative influence on the grid. To this end, a novel day-ahead load forecasting method is proposed to forecast loads of EV charging stations with Bayesian deep learning techniques. The proposed methodological framework applies long short-term memory (LSTM) network combined with Bayesian probability theory to capture uncertainty in forecasting. Based on the actual operational data of the EV charging station collected on the Caltech campus, the experiment results show the superior performance of the proposed method compared with other methods, indicating significant potential for practical applications.
19
Bashe, Mantombi, Mercy Shuma-Iwisi i Michael Anton Van Wyk. "Assessing the Costs and Risks of the South African Electricity Portfolio: A Portfolio Theory Approach". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 27, nr 4 (21.12.2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i4a1545.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Portfolio theory is used to evaluate the cost and risk of the South African electricity generation portfolio in a bid to find out how were the costs and risks of the South African electricity generation portfolio managed following the 2007 and 2008 load shedding events. The costs considered are fuel, environmental levy and operating and maintenance costs, for the Eskom power stations from 2008/09 to 2013/14. The results show that: the current electricity generation mix is not efficient due to high cost and risk; and following the 2007 and 2008 load shedding events the entire portfolio capacity was increased marginally and the OCGT stations fuel costs increased substantially. Future work would be to apply this study to the period following the 2014 and 2015 load shedding events.
20
Al-Manaseer, A. A., i K. W. Nasser. "Analysis of beams with large openings using nonlinear finite element procedure". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, nr 3 (1.06.1987): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-048.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The object of this paper was to use a nonlinear plane stress finite element procedure to predict the behaviour of simply supported reinforced concrete beams with a large opening, under mid-span static loading. In the finite element analysis, parabolic isoparametric elements were used in conjunction with the discrete bar formulation. A smeared cracking approach was included and concrete under different states of stress was modelled by using individual models that were incorporated to represent a biaxial state of stress. Reinforcing steel was modelled by using a uniaxial elastoplastic strain-hardening curve. Test results showed that the above approach was found to be satisfactory in predicting the load–deflection curves, crack patterns, and ultimate loads for this type of beam. Key words: beams, cracking, endochronic theory, finite element method, load deflection, nonlinear analysis, openings, reinforced concrete, ultimate load.
21
Hechinger, Ryan F., Kate L. Sheehan i Andrew V. Turner. "Metabolic theory of ecology successfully predicts distinct scaling of ectoparasite load on hosts". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, nr 1917 (18.12.2019): 20191777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1777.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The impacts of parasites on hosts and the role that parasites play in ecosystems must be underlain by the load of parasites in individual hosts. To help explain and predict parasite load across a broad range of species, quantitative theory has been developed based on fundamental relationships between organism size, temperature and metabolic rate. Here, we elaborate on an aspect of that ‘scaling theory for parasitism’, and test a previously unexplored prediction, using new data for total ectoparasite load from 263 wild birds of 42 species. We reveal that, despite the expected substantial variation in parasite load among individual hosts, (i) the theory successfully predicts the distinct increase of ectoparasite load with host body size, indicating the importance of geometric scaling constraints on access to host resources, (ii) ectoparasite load appears ultimately limited by access—not to host space—but to host energy, and (iii) there is a currency-dependent shift in taxonomic dominance of parasite load on larger birds. Hence, these results reveal a seemingly new macroecological pattern, underscore the utility of energy flux as a currency for parasitism and highlight the promise of using scaling theory to provide baseline expectations for parasite load for a diversity of host species.
22
Ellis, Bruce J., i Marco Del Giudice. "Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development". Development and Psychopathology 26, nr 1 (26.11.2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000849.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractHow do exposures to stress affect biobehavioral development and, through it, psychiatric and biomedical disorder? In the health sciences, the allostatic load model provides a widely accepted answer to this question: stress responses, while essential for survival, have negative long-term effects that promote illness. Thus, the benefits of mounting repeated biological responses to threat are traded off against costs to mental and physical health. The adaptive calibration model, an evolutionary–developmental theory of stress–health relations, extends this logic by conceptualizing these trade-offs as decision nodes in allocation of resources. Each decision node influences the next in a chain of resource allocations that become instantiated in the regulatory parameters of stress response systems. Over development, these parameters filter and embed information about key dimensions of environmental stress and support, mediating the organism's openness to environmental inputs, and function to regulate life history strategies to match those dimensions. Drawing on the adaptive calibration model, we propose that consideration of biological fitness trade-offs, as delineated by life history theory, is needed to more fully explain the complex relations between developmental exposures to stress, stress responsivity, behavioral strategies, and health. We conclude that the adaptive calibration model and allostatic load model are only partially complementary and, in some cases, support different approaches to intervention. In the long run, the field may be better served by a model informed by life history theory that addresses the adaptive role of stress response systems in regulating alternative developmental pathways.
23
Dyer, D. B. Van. "Slip modulus in bolted timber joints". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, nr 6 (1.12.1992): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-114.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper is concerned with the initial load–slip behaviour of laterally loaded bolted timber joints and deals specifically with verifying a theory for determining the values of slip modulus in mechanically fastened timber joints. Such a theory is essential in dealing with the phenomenon of interlayer slip, which occurs in built-up timber columns with nonrigid joints. The concept of a beam on an elastic foundation is used to evaluate the slip modulus. The theoretical predictions are compared with the test results of 75 timber joints. Good agreement is observed between the experiment and the theory. Key words: timber joints, bolts, nails, wood, interlayer slip, slip modulus, built-up wood columns, shear, lateral loads.
24
Louw, A. "Cognitive load theory in simulations to facilitate critical thinking in radiography students". African Journal of Health Professions Education 13, nr 1 (8.04.2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/ajhpe.2021.v13i1.1313.
Pełny tekst źródła
25
Luo, Wenzhu, Liyin Shen, Lingyu Zhang, Xia Liao, Conghui Meng i Chi Jin. "A Load-Carrier Perspective Method for Evaluating Land Resources Carrying Capacity". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 9 (1.05.2022): 5503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095503.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
If land resources are forced to withstand greater populations than they are able to withstand, irreversible damage to the land resources system will happen in a specific region. This challenge highlights the urgency of appropriately evaluating the land resources carrying capacity (LRCC). A proper level of the capacity can ensure that land resources demands imposed by human activities are at a reasonable level. There is a need for a proper evaluation method for assessing LRCC. This study presents a new evaluation method from a load-carrier perspective for assessing LRCC by examining the relationships between the pressure caused by human activities and the supply capacity of land resources. In developing this method, a land resources system is determined by two primary components, namely carrier and load. The compositions of carrier and load are determined by applying the theory of multifunctional land use. A case demonstration is conducted to show the application of the method. The main findings can be drawn from this study as follows. Firstly, a “load-carrier” perspective method is requested for evaluating the regional LRCC, and it is effective in obtaining the value of LRCC in the demonstration case. Secondly, the composition of land resources carriers and loads embodied in the load-carrier perspective method is determined by using the theory of multifunctional land use. Thirdly, the case results suggest that seven regions are overloaded in LRCC and the other two regions are approaching the limitation of LRCC among nine county-level administration regions in Chongqing. This study contributes to the development of literature in the field of LRCC. The application of the “load-carrier” perspective method can help local governments in the case study regions make policies to ensure that land resources demands imposed by human activities are under control at a reasonable level.
26
Ashiq, Muhammad, John C. Doering i Takashi Hosoda. "Bed-load transport model based on fractional size distribution". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, nr 1 (1.01.2006): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-086.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Two models based on the fractional size distribution approach, used in conjunction with the excess discharge theory, have been developed by using bed-load data collected from the Roaring River (Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado) during the summer of 1995. The first model is based on the critical discharge value of individual fractional (IF) sizes, IF model (for log-normal and nonlog-normal size distribution modes), while the other is based on critical discharge value for total (combined) sizes, total fractional (TF) sizes model (for log-normal and nonlog-normal size distribution modes). The performance of the log-normal size distribution based models was tested with data from the Roaring River, Rich Creek, and Fourmile Creek (three Colorado streams), whereas the performance of the nonlog-normal size distribution based models was tested using Pitzbach River data. The performance of the models was also tested by comparing their results with the Inpasihardjo fractional size distribution based model. For all tests, the TF model performed better for both the log-normal and nonlog-normal grain size distributions.Key words: fractional size, critical discharge, IF model, TF model, discharge theory, Roaring River.
27
Vittek, Jan, Branislav Ftorek, Peter Butko i Tomas Fedor. "Energy Optimal Control of PMSM Drive for Time-Varying Load Torque". Applied Mechanics and Materials 710 (styczeń 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.710.67.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Speed and position controller respecting principles of energy optimal control for the drives with permanent magnet synchronous motor and time varying load torque are developed as a contribution to the energy saving and environmental protection. Two approaches to the energy saving controller design are analyzed and compared. The first one is strictly based on energy optimal control theory and derives analytical solutions of the control problem. The second approach for comparison presents approximated solution for the drive’s position controller when the optimal speed trajectory is modified to trapezoidal profile. Results are verified by simulation.
28
Yao, Felix Z., i Ricardo O. Foschi. "Duration of load in wood: Canadian results and implementation in reliability-based design". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, nr 3 (1.06.1993): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-050.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper summarizes some Canadian experimental results for duration of load effects in wood, and discusses the theoretical framework utilized for their interpretation and implementation in design guidelines. The theory is based on a model for accumulation of damage, and it is used in the context of reliability assessment of a structure under load over its service life. The paper also compares results from other theoretical approaches. Finally, the background to currently recommended design adjustment factors for duration of load is discussed. Key words: fatigue, load duration, reliability, timber construction, wood.
29
Zhu, Chunying. "A Study on EFL Instructional Design from the Perspective of Cognitive Load Theory". Learning & Education 10, nr 8 (20.06.2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i8.3106.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cognitive load is commonly defined as the amount of mental effort that performing a specific task imposes on a learner’s cognitive system. For EFL learners, with their limited English proficiency and cultural immersion, always find it overwhelming to comprehend a content lesson delivered in English. Cognitive load theory draws on an understanding of human cognitive architecture to provide explanations for why certain designs of multimedia educational materials are effective and why some are not. This study evaluated the split-attention and redundancy principles in an Intensive Reading lesson for non-English majored students and their potential to decrease mental effort and increase learning.
30
Duboscq, Julie, Valéria Romano, Cédric Sueur i Andrew J. J. MacIntosh. "Scratch that itch: revisiting links between self-directed behaviour and parasitological, social and environmental factors in a free-ranging primate". Royal Society Open Science 3, nr 11 (listopad 2016): 160571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160571.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Different hypotheses explain variation in the occurrence of self-directed behaviour such as scratching and self-grooming: a parasite hypothesis linked with ectoparasite load, an environmental hypothesis linked with seasonal conditions and a social hypothesis linked with social factors. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive but are often considered separately. Here, we revisited these hypotheses together in female Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata fuscata ) of Kōjima islet, Japan. We input occurrences of scratching and self-grooming during focal observations in models combining parasitological (lice load), social (dominance rank, social grooming, aggression received and proximity), and environmental (rainfall, temperature and season) variables. Using an information-theory approach, we simultaneously compared the explanatory value of models against each other using variation in Akaike's information criterion and Akaike's weights. We found that evidence for models with lice load, with or without environmental–social parameters, was stronger than that for other models. In these models, scratching was positively associated with lice load and social grooming whereas self-grooming was negatively associated with lice load and positively associated with social grooming, dominance rank and number of female neighbours. This study indicates that the study animals scratch primarily because of an immune/stimulus itch, possibly triggered by ectoparasite bites/movements. It also confirms that self-grooming could act as a displacement activity in the case of social uncertainty. We advocate that biological hypotheses be more broadly considered even when investigating social processes, as one does not exclude the other.
31
Madsen, Borg, i Andrew H. Buchanan. "Size effects in timber explained by a modified weakest link theory". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, nr 2 (1.04.1986): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-030.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper represents a new approach to size effects in timber. The design process in Canadian Standards Association code CAN3-086-M80 allows for size effects in shear and in tension but not in bending. A large number of bending test results arc analyzed in this paper to show that size effects in bending are very important. A modification is made to the traditional weakest link theory for size effects to reflect the anisotropic nature of timber. Good agreement is obtained between tests and theory. The theory enables us to compare tests with different spans and (or) load configurations with an understanding not previously possible. Results from several large testing programs are used to quantify the theory. For bending members, length effects and load configuration effects are found to be much more important than depth effects, and a simple design method is proposed. Information for tension members is less comprehensive; nevertheless, a tentative suggestion for the design of those members is included.
32
Kennedy, John B., i Ibrahim S. El-Sebakhy. "Ultimate loads of orthotropic bridges continuous over isolated interior supports". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, nr 3 (1.09.1985): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-062.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The collapse loads of orthotropic bridges continuous over isolated interior column supports are predicted by means of the yield-line theory. Equations for the collapse loads are derived for bridges of skew and rectangular planforms, and for an arbitrary angle of inclination of the line joining the centres of the interior columns. The analytical results are verified by experimental test results from prestressed concrete bridge models. Uniformly distributed and concentrated loads as well as Ontario Highway Bridge Design truck loading can be accommodated. A design example illustrating the use of the derived equations is presented. Key words: bridges (orthotropic), isolated supports, model tests, skew, structural engineering, ultimate load.
33
Wang, Yingying, Yanfeng Liu, Dengjia Wang i Jiaping Liu. "The correction coefficients for the building air-conditioning load accounting for the whole building hygrothermal transfer process for major cities in China". Indoor and Built Environment 26, nr 5 (2.03.2016): 642–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16631386.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
At present, the calculation software and design specifications related to building cooling and heating load are based mainly on heat transfer theory. The effect of building moisture transfer process on the air-conditioning load is rarely researched. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of the whole building hygrothermal transfer (WBHT) process on the indoor air temperature and relative humidity, wall inner surface temperature and moisture flux, sensible heat load, latent heat load and total air-conditioning load in different climates. A WBHT model was developed and validated by the analytic solution and experimental data. Three humidity regions in China were classified for summer and winter according to the different outdoor air relative humidity levels. The correction coefficients of air-conditioning load of major cities were obtained accounting for the WBHT process. Our results would provide a future reference for accurately calculating heating and cooling load of buildings in different climate regions.
34
Hu, Shubo, Zhengnan Gao, Jing Wu, Yangyang Ge, Jiajue Li, Lianyong Zhang, Jinsong Liu i Hui Sun. "Time-Interval-Varying Optimal Power Dispatch Strategy Based on Net Load Time-Series Characteristics". Energies 15, nr 4 (21.02.2022): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041582.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In China, with the increasing permeability of wind power, the power supply capacity is enough overall, but has shortage in partial-time. During peak hours, the capability of wind power consumption is poor and the power balance becomes more difficult. In order to maximize the utilization of wind power, the net loads are chosen as the response objectives, which contain significant uncertainties and have no probabilistic distribution characteristics. Under the traditional day-ahead power dispatch mode with fixed length time intervals and in the regions with insufficient hydroelectricity, the thermal generators take charge of the peak-load shaving. The frequent adjustments of thermal power output affect the system operation safety, economic benefits, and environmental benefits. Thus, a time-interval-varying optimal power dispatch strategy based on net load time-series characteristics is proposed in this paper. The net loads respond differently to intervals. The length of each time interval is determined based on the net load time-series characteristics analyzed by random matrix theory. The dispatch mode in each time interval is determined according to the characteristic quantification index calculated by the empirical modal decomposition and sample entropy. The proposed strategy and method can extend the continuous and stable operation time of the thermal generators, reduce the coal consumption caused by the ramping operation, and improve the safety, stability, and economy of the system. Furthermore, the proposed dispatch mode is environmentally friendly with reduced environmental cost and increased carbon credits. An actual provincial power grid in northeast China is taken as the example to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method and strategy.
35
Xue, Ming, Qingxin Yang, Chunzhi Li, Pengcheng Zhang, Shuting Ma i Xin Zhang. "Collaborative Optimization Method of Power and Efficiency for LCC-S Wireless Power Transmission System". Electronics 10, nr 24 (12.12.2021): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243088.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Dynamic wireless charging enables moving equipment such as electric vehicles, robots to be charged in motion, and thus is a research hotspot. The applications in practice, however, suffer from mutual inductance fluctuation due to unavoidable environmental disturbances. In addition, the load also changes during operation, which makes the problem more complicated. This paper analyzes the impacts of equivalent load and mutual inductances variation over the system by LCC-S topology modeling utilizing two-port theory. The optimal load expression is derived. Moreover, a double-sided control strategy enabling optimal efficiency and power adjustment is proposed. Voltage conducting angles on the inverter and rectifier are introduced. The simulation and experimental results verify the proposed method.
36
Samuel, Pierre, Rachid Eddaaif, Andrés González-Zumba i Jean-Michel Clairand. "Assessment of the Impact of Electric Vehicle Batteries in the Non-Linear Control of DC Microgrids". Applied Sciences 11, nr 10 (13.05.2021): 4415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104415.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Several efforts need to be performed in transportation and energy production to mitigate the current environmental issues that are related to fossil fuel use. The implementation of DC microgrids and the use of electric vehicles seem to be an adequate solution. However, various technical challenges have to be addressed, like grid stability issues. Thus, this case report assesses the impact of an electric vehicle load in a DC microgrid, subject to nonlinear control theory. The EV battery pack is modeled and simulated. Subsequently, it is included as a load in an available model of nonlinear control of DC microgrids. The results demonstrate high stability with this new load and the feasibility of its implementation.
37
Jin, Tao, i Wen Jing Gu. "Research of Power System Harmonic Analysis Based on Wavelet Theory". Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (listopad 2012): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.626.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In recent years, the nonlinear load of the industry is increasing with the development of the power electronic technology. The harmonic distortion is getting more and more serious. So measurement, analysis, and restraining the harmonic of power system have become an important topic for the environmental management of the power system. This paper presented a novel method to analyze power harmonic using wavelet transform, and researched the technology how to detect and treat the harmonic in the power grid. The performance applying the wavelet method to detect harmonic from experimental signals was presented. The simulation results showed that wavelet transform can extract power harmonic in different frequency from the signal effectively.
38
Tang, Jiajie, Jie Zhao, Hongliang Zou, Gaoyuan Ma, Jun Wu, Xu Jiang i Huaixun Zhang. "Bus Load Forecasting Method of Power System Based on VMD and Bi-LSTM". Sustainability 13, nr 19 (23.09.2021): 10526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910526.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The effective prediction of bus load can provide an important basis for power system dispatching and planning and energy consumption to promote environmental sustainable development. A bus load forecasting method based on variational modal decomposition (VMD) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network was proposed in this article. Firstly, the bus load series was decomposed into a group of relatively stable subsequence components by VMD to reduce the interaction between different trend information. Then, a time series prediction model based on Bi-LSTM was constructed for each sub sequence, and Bayesian theory was used to optimize the sub sequence-related hyperparameters and judge whether the sequence uses Bi-LSTM to improve the prediction accuracy of a single model. Finally, the bus load prediction value was obtained by superimposing the prediction results of each subsequence. The example results show that compared with the traditional prediction algorithm, the proposed method can better track the change trend of bus load, and has higher prediction accuracy and stability.
39
Li, Wanqiu, Jie Dong, Wei Wang, Hanjiang Wen, Huanling Liu, Qiuying Guo, Guobiao Yao i Chuanyin Zhang. "Regional Crustal Vertical Deformation Driven by Terrestrial Water Load Depending on CORS Network and Environmental Loading Data: A Case Study of Southeast Zhejiang". Sensors 21, nr 22 (19.11.2021): 7699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227699.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Monitoring regional terrestrial water load deformation is of great significance to the dynamic maintenance and hydrodynamic study of the regional benchmark framework. In view of the lack of a spatial interpolation method based on the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) elevation time series for obtaining terrestrial water load deformation information, this paper proposes to employ a CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations) network combined with environmental loading data, such as ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric data, the GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) hydrological model, and MSLA (Mean Sea Level Anomaly) data. Based on the load deformation theory and spherical harmonic analysis method, we took 38 CORS stations in southeast Zhejiang province as an example and comprehensively determined the vertical deformation of the crust as caused by regional terrestrial water load changes from January 2015 to December 2017, and then compared these data with the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite. The results show that the vertical deformation value of the terrestrial water load in southeast Zhejiang, as monitored by the CORS network, can reach a centimeter, and the amplitude changes from −1.8 cm to 2.4 cm. The seasonal change is obvious, and the spatial distribution takes a ladder form from inland to coastal regions. The surface vertical deformation caused by groundwater load changes in the east–west–south–north–central sub-regions show obvious fluctuations from 2015 to 2017, and the trends of the five sub-regions are consistent. The amplitude of surface vertical deformation caused by groundwater load change in the west is higher than that in the east. We tested the use of GRACE for the verification of CORS network monitoring results and found a relatively consistent temporal distribution between both data sets after phase delay correction on GRACE, except for in three months—November in 2015, and January and February in 2016. The results show that the comprehensive solution based on the CORS network can effectively improve the monitoring of crustal vertical deformation during regional terrestrial water load change.
40
Jamaluddin, Mohd Affiq, Mohd Shahir Liew, Kurian V. John i Lee Hsiu Eik. "Finite Element Analysis of Guyed Offshore Monotower Subjected to Extreme Environment in Malaysian Water". Applied Mechanics and Materials 711 (grudzień 2014): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.711.535.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper presents the finite element structural sensitivity analysis of a cable guyed monotower known as the Tarpon Monopod when subjected to extreme environments in Malaysian waters. A hydrodynamic loading and static platform response analysis is performed in SACS v5.3 to gauge the structural robustness in extreme Malaysian metocean conditions. A Stokes Fifth Order Wave Theory was employed to obtain wave kinematics and dynamics for load computation. The Tarpon Monopod design is reviewed generically. An actual platform located in 60m water depth within Malaysian waters is modelled for analysis. Four different guying cable scenarios are considered which are the fully guyed condition (three guy cables pinned), two guy cables condition (one wire loss), one guy cable condition (two wire loss) and free standing condition (total loss of guy wires) are presented. The environmental load sets are simulated at different headings using 45 degree steps. The results suggest that the structural caisson contributes little to the lateral stiffness of the platform. The Tarpon Monopod has little structural redundancy and its integrity is highly dependent on guy wire condition and environmental load headings.
41
Marzouk, H., i S. Mohan. "Strengthening of wide-flange columns under load". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, nr 5 (1.10.1990): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-094.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The present work deals with formulation of theoretical and analytical methods leading to the development of column strength curves. The formulations were developed for both elastic and inelastic behaviour. Two types of reinforcement have been developed for strengthening the W-shape columns under load. Since the column strength curves are based in part on the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses, it is extremely important to consider the new pattern of residual stresses due to welding process. Also, the welding sequence will affect the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses. Theoretical formulations leading to a closed-form solution for the prediction of critical load were developed for two types of strengthening using the superposition of original residual, new welding, and initial loading stresses. A nonlinear finite element analysis based on the large deformation theory of stability was used to predict the strengthened column critical load. It takes into consideration the effect of cooling residual stresses and new welding residual stresses. The formulations were incorporated with gradual penetration of yielding, the spreading of inelastic zones along the member length, the presence of residual stresses, and strain hardening of the material. Experiments were carried out to determine the actual capacity of strengthened columns. Seven specimens were tested using two and four strengthening plates. The welding stresses were measured through a series of experiments, and it was found that the parabolic distribution is a very close approximation to the actual new welding stress distribution. Key words: reinforcement of steel columns, welding stresses, welding sequence, strengthening of existing structures, buckling, steel plating, finite element.
42
Weber, Ashley M., Tondi M. Harrison i Deborah K. Steward. "Schore’s Regulation Theory". Biological Research For Nursing 14, nr 4 (23.07.2012): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800412453760.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Premature infants confront numerous physiologic and environmental stressors in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) that have the potential to permanently alter their neurodevelopment. Schore’s regulation theory postulates that positive maternal–infant interactions can shape the infant’s developmental outcomes through inducing mechanistic changes in brain structure and function. The purposes of this article are to explain the regulation of infant neurobiological processes during interactions between mothers and healthy infants in the context of Schore’s theory, to identify threats to these processes for premature infants, and to propose principles of clinical practice and areas of research necessary to establish a supportive environment and prevent or reduce maladaptive consequences for these vulnerable infants. A premature birth results in the disruption of neurodevelopment at a critical time. Chronic exposure to stressors related to the NICU environment overwhelms immature physiologic and stress systems, resulting in significant allostatic load, as measured by long-term neurodevelopmental impairments in the premature infant. Positive maternal–infant interactions during NICU hospitalization and beyond have the potential to reduce neurologic deficits and maximize positive neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants. The quality of the maternal–infant interaction is affected not only by the infant’s developing neurobiology but also by the mother’s responses to the stressors surrounding a premature birth and mothering an infant in the NICU environment. Nurses can empower mothers to overcome these stressors, promote sensitive interactions with their infants, and facilitate neurodevelopment. Research is critically needed to develop and test nursing interventions directed at assisting mothers in supporting optimal neurodevelopment for their infants.
43
Clement, A., i K. Buzás. "Use of Ambient Water Quality Data to Refine Emission Estimates in the Danube Basin". Water Science and Technology 40, nr 10 (1.11.1999): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0499.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the frame of an EU/Phare project nutrient balances of the Danube countries were studied. As an element of the procedure, N and P emissions to surface waters were estimated on various scales. The “immission” loads computed from water quality and flow data were used to refine these estimates. The evaluation indicated the significant role of uncertainties related to scarce observations typical for many countries in the Danube Basin. To obtain the error of annual nutrient load estimates statistical analyses of a number of Hungarian rivers (in the 2 m3/s - 2000 m3/s mean flow range) were performed. Both, analytical expressions of sampling theory and Monte Carlo simulations were used. The ratio estimate and an analysis of the relation of errors of the annual mean flow and the load, resp. were used to take advantage of the additional information of flow data in comparison to water quality. An empirical error function for the range of rivers considered was derived. The effort led to useful results in relation to the selection of the estimation method, the role of sampling frequency and size of the catchment. Conclusions were also drawn on estimation errors of loads of first order tributaries of the Danube and their use in the frame of a nutrient balance study.
44
Srinivasan, Preeti, Anne Oeldrof-Hirsch i Gitte Joergensen. ""Attention! It’s the News.” Cognitive Load and News Posts on Facebook: An Eye-tracking Study". Journal of Communication Technology 5, nr 3 (6.12.2022): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51548/joctec-2022-012.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Individuals get much of their news and information through social media. Thus, it has become crucial to evaluate how they are paying attention to and processing news content in this saturated space. The present study investigates users’ visual engagement with news posts on Facebook using cognitive load theory of attention. An eye-tracking device was used to track visual attention of N = 152 participants. Following a 3 x 2 between-subjects factorial design, we manipulated intrinsic cognitive load by varying the story topic (either health or science) and the extraneous load by varying the presentation type (text only, video only, or video with text). Cognitive load does impact attention, such that those who viewed the video with text story (high cognitive load) exhibited higher visual attention to the content. We conclude that content higher in complexity elicits more attention compared to less complex content on Facebook.
45
Vazquez, J., D. Bellefleur, D. Gilbert i B. Grandjean. "Real time control of a combined sewer network using graph theory". Water Science and Technology 36, nr 5 (1.09.1997): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0223.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In order to reduce overflow pollution load during rainfall, a real time control strategy has been implemented for the combined sewer network of Saverne (Alsace, France). It consists of optimizing various gate and pump commands over a specified prediction horizon, using graph theory. Flows, trough collectors, weirs and stormwater retention tanks have been represented by a graph and a primal-dual algorithm has been used in order to satisfy rainfall discharge with lower overflow. This strategy has been tested successfully using 685 rainfall events collected over a decade and attractive reductions of both volume and frequency overflows have been observed.
46
Zhang, Hui Mei, i Geng She Yang. "Damage Model and Damage Mechanical Characteristics of Loaded Rock under Freeze-Thaw Conditions". Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (grudzień 2010): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.658.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Considering the heterogeneous characteristics of rock at mesoscopic level, the damage propagation constitutive relation and evolution equation of freeze-thaw and loaded rock were established by using the theory of macro phenomenological damage mechanics and the generalized theory of strain equality. The evolutionary mechanisms of micro-structural damage and materials mechanical properties for the loaded rock were discussed under freeze-thaw condition, verified by experimental results of the freeze-thaw cycle and compression test of rock. It is shown that the freeze-thaw and loaded damage model can represent the complicated relations among the freeze-thaw, load and the damage inside the rock, reveal the coupling failure mechanism of macroscopic rock under the freeze-thaw and load from the micro-damage evolution. The combined effect of freeze-thaw and load exacerbates the total damage of rock with obvious nonlinear properties, but the coupling effect weakens the total damage. The lithology and initial damage state of the freeze-thaw and loaded rock in engineering structures in cold regions determine the weights of influence factors to mechanical properties, including environmental factor, loading factor and the coupling effects, so the rock performances different damage mechanical characteristic.
47
Krejsa, Martin, Petr Janas, Işık Yilmaz, Marian Marschalko i Tomas Bouchal. "The Use of the Direct Optimized Probabilistic Calculation Method in Design of Bolt Reinforcement for Underground and Mining Workings". Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/267593.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The load-carrying system of each construction should fulfill several conditions which represent reliable criteria in the assessment procedure. It is the theory of structural reliability which determines probability of keeping required properties of constructions. Using this theory, it is possible to apply probabilistic computations based on the probability theory and mathematic statistics. Development of those methods has become more and more popular; it is used, in particular, in designs of load-carrying structures with the required level or reliability when at least some input variables in the design are random. The objective of this paper is to indicate the current scope which might be covered by the new method—Direct Optimized Probabilistic Calculation (DOProC) in assessments of reliability of load-carrying structures.DOProCuses a purely numerical approach without any simulation techniques. This provides more accurate solutions to probabilistic tasks, and, in some cases, such approach results in considerably faster completion of computations.DOProCcan be used to solve efficiently a number of probabilistic computations. A very good sphere of application forDOProCis the assessment of the bolt reinforcement in the underground and mining workings. For the purposes above, a special software application—“Anchor”—has been developed.
48
Morgun, A., I. Met i I. Shevchenko. "METHOD OF CALCULATING THE FOUNDATIONS IN COMPACTED PIT USING BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD". Modern technology, materials and design in construction 30, nr 1 (2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2021-1-71-74.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The main mission of civil engineer is to ensure he reliability of the structure with maximum efficiency of time, materials and energy. In construction, everything must be provided in the design workshop - both strength and economic feasibility. Balancing on the "edge of the abyss" requires a precise mathematical apparatus. The modern mathematical apparatus of soil mechanics is based on the solutions of the theory of elasticity and the theory of limit equilibrium. In this case, the calculation of the bases is carried out from the conditions of purely elastic connection and the ultimate loads are determined without connection with deformations. Most of the elastic-plastic deformation - from the end of the elastic stage to the loss of stability is not covered by the calculation models. At the same time, the reserves of the elastic-plastic zone allow to increase the load on the foundation, provided that the subsidence of the elastic stage does not yet reach the maximum allowable value for this structure. The boundary element method (BEM) allows to solve problems of this kind. The main disadvantage of foundations on a natural basis is the complexity of its manufacture and high material consumption. These shortcomings can be eliminated by building foundations in cavities of a predetermined shape, which are formed in the soil. These include foundations in compacted ditches, which are arranged in wells with expansion at the bottom. The soil retains its full-fledged composition, so that the work includes a side surface that receives part of the vertical load and provides significant resistance to horizontal forces. The paper presents a method of integration of a mathematical model of behavior under load of foundations in a compacted pit with a numerical BEM. A theoretical study presents the effect of the addition of sand-gravel mixture on the bottom of the compacted pit on the bearing capacity of pyramidal piles.
49
Murdjito, M., Inneke Yulistanty Pravitasari i Eko Budi Djatmiko. "An Analysis on the Spread Mooring of the Belida FSO Induced by Squall Loads". Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan 17, nr 1 (31.01.2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v17i1.27554.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Squall is the occurrence of a sudden sharp increase in wind speed, thus amplifies sea environmental loads. In the South of Natuna Sea, squall can reach an intensity of up to 50 m/s or close to 100 knots. In this water, the Belida FSO operates at a water depth of 77.0 m, tethered to the seabed by a spread mooring system. Squall’s impacts on the FSO mooring system has been examined by implementing time-domain simulations accommodated in a numerical model based on the 3-D wave diffraction theory. The simulations were performed by varying the squall duration of escalation, i.e. 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 minutes, for the load cases of 1-year extreme operational and 100-year extreme survival conditions propagating at 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°. The three squall durations of escalation substantially increase the significant wave height Hs by averagely 60%, 50% and 34%, respectively. The largest of the maximum mooring tension due to the sea load directions is found to be brought about the 45° load when magnified by the squall with a 2.5-minute duration of escalation. In this respect, the largest intensities of the operational and survival tension loads may reach some 2,027 kN and 3,318 kN, respectively, which are eventually far below the MBL of 7,685 kN. The largest x-axis offsets in operational and survival conditions are 3.94 m and 10.21 m, respectively. Whereas the largest y-axis offsets for operational and survival loads are found to be 13.31 m and 15.48 m. These y-axis offset intensities are larger than the limiting criteria, i.e. 15% of the water depth or 11.55 m.
50
Nikkhah, Akbar. "A Novel Gut-Orchestrated Exercise Theory on Obesity and Cancer Prevention". Endocrinology and Disorders 6, nr 2 (30.05.2022): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/117.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A novel gastrointestinal tract (gut) mediated exercise theory was developed to explain how highly disciplined physical activity can help prevent obesity and cancer. The gut serves the modern human body as another brain. The gut microbiota plays crucial regulatory roles in determining the health of the gut itself and entire body. Adequate exercise has been recommended to increase energy expenditure and reduce fat deposition, especially visceral adiposity. This article presents a gut-brain axis related theory based upon which with adequately intense and regular physical activity, the gut does assimilate foods and nutrients more effectively. Thus, the amount and flow of excreta are optimized. As such, the excretion of unhealthy compounds such as cholesterol, fatty acids, and to some extent starch increase. As a result, hepatic load of nutrients decrease. Consequently, the entire body tissues experience a relief in the time-consuming and energy-burning process of metabolite turnover and detoxification. Therefore, regular intense exercise does not only reduce unhealthy nutrient deposition, it can also decrease appetite and nutrient intake. This theory should permit innovative research to formulate new gut-centered public recommendations regarding the importance of adequate regular exercise to help prevent obesity and cancer and associated metabolic complexities.