Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Environmental degradation

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Environmental degradation”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Environmental degradation"

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O. Odeku, Kola, i Simbarashe R. Gundani. "Accentuating criminal sanctions for environmental degradation: issues and perspectives". Environmental Economics 8, nr 2 (9.06.2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(2).2017.03.

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This article examines the need to enforce criminal sanctions for environmental crimes being perpetrated daily, particularly by those who engage in mining and extractive ventures. In South Africa, more often than not, the sanctions for environmental crimes are usually premised on civil suits or administrative actions against the perpetrators. However, these sanctions have not been effective in dissuading perpetrators from environmental harm and degradation because they have the financial means to settle any claims or fines imposed by the courts or the administrative tribunals. It is against the backdrop of this culture of deliberate impunity that this article accentuates the need to strengthen sanctions against perpetrators by imposing criminal sanctions in order to serve as deterrent. A precedent was set by the court in the case of Blue Platinum Ventures (Pty) Limited and Maponya, where the court emphatically invoked and applied criminal sanction against the defendant and was held criminally liable for degrading the environment. The case is a landmark, as it sets a new precedent, where the perpetrator was criminally sanctioned. Countries like United States of America and Australia have been successful in criminal sanctioning of environmental crimes; many mining and extractives companies’ executives and managers have been criminally sanctioned and sent to jail. This article looks at the jurisprudence from these jurisdictions and draws useful lessons that could be used to strengthen prosecution and conviction of perpetrators in South Africa.
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Ollinaho, Ossi I., i V. P. J. Arponen. "Incomegetting and Environmental Degradation". Sustainability 12, nr 10 (14.05.2020): 4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104007.

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Drawing on Alfred Schütz’s thought, as well as on a number of modern pragmatists and practice theorists, we theorize incomegetting—referring to practices of getting income, typically salaried work—as the paramount structurer of everyday life and, therefore, also the chief mediator of the human–nature metabolism. Even though the pragmatics of everyday life as an aggregate underlie the bulk of environmental impacts, these insidious impacts impose little immediate influence on everyday life, in particular in the urban Global North. In other words, the pragmatic dimension of everyday activities—principally, work—that takes place within a vastly complex and globally interlinked productive world system, has most often no immediate connection to the “natural” environment. While parts of the populations are directly dependent in terms of livelihoods on the “natural” environment, these populations are typically pushed to the margins of the global productive system. The understanding formulated in this essay suggests that in environmental social sciences there is a reason to shift the epicenter of the analysis from consumption to everyday life, to the varied practices of incomegetting. Against the backdrop of this paper, universal basic income schemes ought to have radical impacts on the way we relate also to the “natural” environment and such schemes necessitate understanding the essence of money in our contemporary realities.
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PINEDA, J. A., E. E. ALONSO i E. ROMERO. "Environmental degradation of claystones". Géotechnique 64, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.13.p.056.

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Ujiro, Takumi. "Materials without Environmental Degradation". Zairyo-to-Kankyo 59, nr 9 (2010): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.59.311.

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Severini, Febo, Raffaele Gallo i Salvatore Ipsale. "Environmental degradation of polypropylene". Polymer Degradation and Stability 22, nr 2 (styczeń 1988): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(88)90041-9.

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Ahmed Hussein, Muawya. "Costs of environmental degradation". Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 19, nr 3 (18.04.2008): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830810866437.

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Barkin, David. "Environmental Degradation in Mexico". Monthly Review 45, nr 3 (3.07.1993): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-045-03-1993-07_3.

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LI, QUAN, i RAFAEL REUVENY. "Democracy and Environmental Degradation". International Studies Quarterly 50, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 935–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00432.x.

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Ferrer-i-Carbonell, Ada, i John M. Gowdy. "Environmental degradation and happiness". Ecological Economics 60, nr 3 (styczeń 2007): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.005.

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Smith, Eldon A., Susan L. Prues i Frederick W. Oehme. "Environmental Degradation of Polyacrylamides". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 37, nr 1 (czerwiec 1997): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1997.1527.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Environmental degradation"

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Mohammadian, Mehrdad. "Environmental degradation of poly(ethyleneterephthalate)". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317574.

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The degradation of amorphous and orientated PET is investigated by several analytical methods. In this study, samples of both amorphous and orientated PET material were exposed to wet and dry soil, various humidities and temperature as well as UV irradiation. Results of accelerated ageing studies indicate that the amorphous sheet and biaxially orientated bottles degrade mainly due to de-esterification and oxidative chain scission due to their low crystallinity. At high temperatures (70-90) breakdown, as characterisedb y viscosity and chain scission measurements,is indicative of significant polymer deterioration. Breakdown is enhanced by increasing temperature, increasing relative humidity and UV irradiation. In this regard the polyester bottles are more stable than sheet due to a greater degree of orientation and hence higher degree of crystallinity. However, the rate of degradation is also a function of the surrounding environment. During the course of degradation, an increase in crystallinity was observed for both sheet and bottles. The rate of increase in crystallinity is initially rapid and is associated with plasticization by moisture and subsequent annealing. The dry conditions and UV irradiation cause negligible increase in crystallinity . An increase in the number of end groups was observed which is due to chain scission. Whilst the carboxyl and hydroxyl end groups were increased at the same rate asthermally degraded samples, the increase of carboxyl end groups for UV degraded samples was significantly higher than hydroxyl end groups. This increase is initially sharp and then more gradual with almost the same rate as hydroxyl end groups. A higher level of carboxyl end groups is due to the release of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide mainly on the surface of the polymer. In this work two methods were used to introduce stability to the polymer. The first was preconditioning the polymer in an inert atmosphere for 48 hours at 600C which had a better effect for bottles This stabilizing effect was observed for both thermal degradation and UV irradiation of polyester materials. The second method was stabilizing polyester against UV irradiation by the incorporation of naphthalenea nd benzophenoned erivatives to the structure of the polyester. In this case the dihydroxybenzophenone showed the greatest stabilizing effect. Hydroperoxide formation during hydrolytic degradation is found to be both temperature and humidity dependent and appears to play a secondary role in thermal oxidation.
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El-Turki, Adel Abdulrazag. "Environmental degradation of construction materials". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310656.

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Chohan, Sukhvinder K. "Environmental degradation of polyethylene-based plastics". Thesis, Aston University, 1996. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9675/.

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The criteria involved in the degradation of polyethylene-based degradable polymer samples have been investigated, with a view to obtaining a clearer mechanism of photo-biodegradation. The compatibility of degradable polymer samples during materials recycling was also studied. Commercial and laboratory prepared degradable polymer samples were oxidised in different environments and the oxidation products formed were studied using various analytical chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques such as HPLC, FT-IR and NMR. It was found that commercial degradable polymer samples which are based on the ECO systems, degrade predominantly via the Norrish II process, whereas the other degradable systems studied (starch-filled polyethylene systems, transition metal systems, including metal carboxylate based polyethylene systems and the photoantioxidant-activator systems) photodegrade essentially via the Norrish I process. In all cases, the major photoxidation products extracted from the degradable polymer samples were found to be carboxylic acids, although, in the polymer itself a mixture of carbonyl containing products such as esters, lactones, ketones and aldehydes was observed. The study also found that the formation of these hydrophilic carbonyl products causes surface swelling of the polymer, thus making bioerosion possible. It was thus concluded that environmental degradation of LDPE is a two step process, the initiation stage being oxidation of the polymer which gives rise to bioassimilable products, which are consequently bioeroded in the second stage, (the biodegradation step). Recycling of the degradable polymer samples as 10% homogeneous and heterogeneous blends was carried out using a single screw extruder (180°C and 210°C) and an internal mixer (190°C). The study showed that commercial degradable polymer samples may be recycled with a minimal loss in their properties.
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Kraverath, Scott C. "Reconciling environmental degradation and US national security". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28493.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Although environmental concerns are nothing new, only recently have environmental issues been considered as having national security implications. Along with increased environmental awareness, the end of the Cold War has allowed security planners the latitude to reconcile and integrate nonmilitary concerns, including the environment, into what has traditionally been exclusively military oriented policy. This transition or broadening of national security policy to include these issues is proving slow and controversial. The nature of environmental issues is such that their inclusion into a national security framework is not an easy one. Because of the current and potential national security threats embodied in environmental degradation, a coherent environmental security policy needs to be formulated. Because of the scope, complexity, and unknown nature of environmental issues this has not yet been accomplished. By defining issues, setting criteria and examining individual cases of environmental degradation in the Western Hemisphere and case studies from Brazil and Mexico, this thesis attempts to facilitate the recognition of environmental degradation as a U.S. national security issue. The thesis seeks to provide a greater depth of understanding of environmental security issues and suggest methods by which solutions for environmental problems may be found
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Hua, Yongxia. "Modelling environmental degradation in adhesively bonded joints". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804411/.

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Nwosu, Jonathan Emeka. "Industrial ecology: a panacea for environmental degradation". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31070.

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Resource demand and environmental degradation have reached unsustainable levels. A sustainable future requires industrial systems’ attention and improvement. Industrial ecology springs from interests to integrate the notions of sustainability into environmental and economic systems (Allenby 1992). The fact is that the economy operates as an open system, drawing raw materials from the environment and returning vast amounts of unused by-products in the form of pollution and waste. The products that firms market are only a small portion of what their processes turn out; a significant portion of their output eventually leaves the economy as waste and returns to the environment in forms that may stress it unacceptably. (Ehrenfeld & Gertler, 1997). Increased economic output will still cause increased environmental harm. Thus, accomplishing economic growth and environmental protection simultaneously requires fundamentally new ways of examining and designing socioeconomic systems. One way to achieve this is through industrial ecology When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31070
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Костюченко, Надія Миколаївна, Надежда Николаевна Костюченко, Nadiia Mykolaivna Kostiuchenko i Kingsley Chukwuemeka Uzoigwe. "Environmental degradation in nigeria and management prospects". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10363.

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Kinda, Somlanare Romuald. "Essays on environmental degradation and economic development". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10411/document.

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Cette thèse apporte un nouvel éclairage au débat sur la dégradation de l'environnement et le développement. Elle analyse les déterminants et les effets macroéconomiques de la dégradation de l'environnement. Elle est subdivisée en deux parties. La première partie analyse les effets de l'éducation et des institutions démocratiques sur la qualité de l'environnement. Le premier chapitre analyse le rôle de l'éducation dans la protection de l'environnement. Les résultats empiriques indiquent que l’effet dépend du niveau de développement. Contrairement à l’échantillon des pays en développement où elle n’a pas effet, l'éducation est source de pollution dans les pays développés. Cependant, cet effet est atténué en présence de bonnes institutions démocratiques. Le deuxième chapitre étudie l'impact des institutions démocratiques sur la qualité de l'environnement. Nous montrons qu´elles ont un effet direct et positif sur la qualité de l'environnement. Celui-Ci est plus élevé pour les polluants locaux que pour les polluants globaux. De plus, ce chapitre identifie des canaux indirects par lesquels l´amélioration de la démocratie dégrade l'environnement. En effet, en favorisant l´adoption de politiques de redistribution des revenus et de politiques économiques, la démocratie a un effet indirect et négatif sur la protection de l'environnement. La deuxième partie propose deux essais sur les effets du changement climatique et des politiques environnementales sur le développement. Le troisième chapitre met en évidence un effet négatif et significatif de la variabilité climatique sur la sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement. Cet effet apparait plus élevé dans les pays africains. Par ailleurs, cet effet est exacerbée dans les pays à conflit et ceux vulnérables aux chocs des prix des biens alimentaires. Le quatrième chapitre analyse l’effet de la similitude des politiques environnementales sur le commerce bilatéral. Contrairement aux études précédentes qui utilisent des indicateurs partiels de réglementation environnementale (indicateurs axés sur les moyens ou sur les résultats), nous construisons on un indicateur de politique environnementale révélé. Les résultats suggèrent que la similitude dans les politiques environnementales n'a pas d'effet sur les flux commerciaux bilatéraux. En outre les résultats ne dépendent ni du niveau de développement de pays partenaires ni des caractéristiques des biens exportés (biens manufacturés et biens primaires)
This dissertation is a contribution to the debate on environmental degradation and development. It focuses on the determinants and macroeconomic effects of environmental degradation. It is structured in two parts. The first part analyses the effects of education and democratic institutions on environmental quality. The first chapter analyses the role of education in environmental quality. No evidence of an effect of education on carbon dioxide emissions. However, this effect depends crucially on the sample of countries according to their levels of development. While the effect remains insignificant in developing countries, education does matter for carbon dioxide emissions in developed ones. Moreover, when controlling for the quality of democratic institutions, the positive effect of education on carbon dioxide emissions is mitigated in developed countries while remaining insignificant in developing ones. The second chapter explores the effect of democratic institutions on environmental quality. We evidence that democratic institutions do have a direct and positive effect on environmental quality. This positive effect is stronger for local pollutants than for global ones. More interestingly, it identifies the indirect channels through which democracy affects environmental degradation. Indeed, by increasing people’s preferences for redistribution and economic policies, democratic institutions have indirect and negative effects on environmental protection through income inequality and investments. In the second part, the dissertation provides two essays on the effects of environmental policies and climate change on development. The third chapter investigates the effects of climatic variability on food security. The results show that climatic variability reduces food security in developing countries. The adverse effect is higher for African sub-Saharan countries than for other developing countries. Second, the negative effect of climatic variability on food security is exacerbated in countries facing conditions of conflict and is high for the countries that are vulnerable to food price shocks. The fourth chapter provides new evidence about the effect of a gap in environmental policies between trading partners on trade flow. While previous papers have used partial measures of environmental regulations (input-Oriented or output-Oriented indicators), we compute an index of a country’s environmental policy. Results suggest that a similarity in environmental policies has no effect on bilateral trade flows. Moreover results do not appear to be conditional on the level of development of the countries trading or on the characteristics of exported goods (manufactured goods and primary commodities)
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Galdi, Giulio. "Consequences of Environmental Degradation in Developing Countries". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369108.

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Although climate change is a global phenomenon affecting populations from countries at varying stages of development, a few of its consequences gain significantly more salience for less developed countries, specifically. I focus on the adverse effects of environmental degradation for two main reasons. On the one hand, it is my impression that the increased vulnerability of less developed countries to adverse environmental degradation needs more attention by scholars (Biermann and Moeller, 2019). On the other hand, climate change is of the most pressing problems of our time, for which we have little time to act (IPCC, 2018) and whose consequences weight on the shoulders of many future generations. In other terms, the environment is deteriorating fast, and not only this is occurring faster in developing countries than in industrialised ones, the former are also less capable to protect against it for institutional, technological, and financial reasons (Barbier, 2010; Blaikie, 2016). The asymmetry of environmental deterioration and of its effects is observable in many indicators. For instance, soil erosion is affecting ever larger areas, most of them in developing countries, whose institutions are not able or willing to intervene (Blaikie, 2016). Soil erosion mainly affects farmers and their productivity, but in developing countries they do not have the financial and technological means to defend themselves (Barbier, 2010; Blaikie, 2016), which induces some of them to resort to migration (when possible) (Blaikie 2016). Farmers trying to adapt to the erosion of soil may adopt coping strategies that endanger the sustainability of proximate water basins, fisheries (for instance, see Dejen et al., 2017) and of forestry (see Wondie, 2010). These practices ultimately undermine the sustainable extraction of natural resources and thus the long term productivity of the related activities. In these few introductory lines, I touched upon the issues I decided to investigate in this doctoral thesis: adaptation strategies and their possible negative side effects, inequality in the consequences of and in the means to face environmental degradation, and the long term effects of the latter on productivity. In my opinion, these are three very relevant pathways connecting environmental degradation to hindrances and obstacles to sustainable development of less developed countries. In the three chapters constituting the thesis, I investigate the economic dimensions of the problems above mentioned.
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Galdi, Giulio. "Consequences of Environmental Degradation in Developing Countries". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2019. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3611/1/Consequences_of_Environmental_Degradation_on_Developing_Countries.pdf.

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Although climate change is a global phenomenon affecting populations from countries at varying stages of development, a few of its consequences gain significantly more salience for less developed countries, specifically. I focus on the adverse effects of environmental degradation for two main reasons. On the one hand, it is my impression that the increased vulnerability of less developed countries to adverse environmental degradation needs more attention by scholars (Biermann and Moeller, 2019). On the other hand, climate change is of the most pressing problems of our time, for which we have little time to act (IPCC, 2018) and whose consequences weight on the shoulders of many future generations. In other terms, the environment is deteriorating fast, and not only this is occurring faster in developing countries than in industrialised ones, the former are also less capable to protect against it for institutional, technological, and financial reasons (Barbier, 2010; Blaikie, 2016). The asymmetry of environmental deterioration and of its effects is observable in many indicators. For instance, soil erosion is affecting ever larger areas, most of them in developing countries, whose institutions are not able or willing to intervene (Blaikie, 2016). Soil erosion mainly affects farmers and their productivity, but in developing countries they do not have the financial and technological means to defend themselves (Barbier, 2010; Blaikie, 2016), which induces some of them to resort to migration (when possible) (Blaikie 2016). Farmers trying to adapt to the erosion of soil may adopt coping strategies that endanger the sustainability of proximate water basins, fisheries (for instance, see Dejen et al., 2017) and of forestry (see Wondie, 2010). These practices ultimately undermine the sustainable extraction of natural resources and thus the long term productivity of the related activities. In these few introductory lines, I touched upon the issues I decided to investigate in this doctoral thesis: adaptation strategies and their possible negative side effects, inequality in the consequences of and in the means to face environmental degradation, and the long term effects of the latter on productivity. In my opinion, these are three very relevant pathways connecting environmental degradation to hindrances and obstacles to sustainable development of less developed countries. In the three chapters constituting the thesis, I investigate the economic dimensions of the problems above mentioned.
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Książki na temat "Environmental degradation"

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Al-Quraishi, Ayad M. Fadhil, Yaseen T. Mustafa i Abdelazim M. Negm, red. Environmental Degradation in Asia. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12112-8.

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K, Bose S., i Roy S. K, red. Environmental degradation of metals. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001.

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Michael, Schütze, red. Corrosion and environmental degradation. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2000.

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Srivastava, Jatin Kumar. Environmental contamination. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012.

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Hussain, Mumtaz. Environmental degradation: Realities and remedies. Lahore: Ferozsons Ltd., 1998.

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Barbier, Edward. Agricultural pricing and environmental degradation. Washington, D.C. (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Office of the Vice President, Development Economics, World Bank, 1992.

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1943-, Howard Philip H., red. Handbook of environmental degradation rates. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1991.

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Mwichabe, Situma. Environmental problems in Kenya: Surviving a spoiled environment. Nairobi, Kenya: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2002.

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Gazdar, Muhammad Nasir. Environmental crisis in Pakistan. Kuala Lumpur: Open Press, 1987.

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K, Dadhich L., Hooja Rima i India. Dept. of Environment., red. Environment degradation: Strategies for control. Jaipur, India: Aalekh Publishers, 1992.

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Części książek na temat "Environmental degradation"

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Morroni, Mario. "Environmental Degradation". W What Is the Truth About the Great Recession and Increasing Inequality?, 165–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98621-0_9.

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Gordy, Michael. "Environmental Degradation". W Disaster Risk Reduction and the Global System, 57–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41667-0_12.

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Chalk, Peter. "Environmental Degradation". W Non-Military Security and Global Order, 77–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508835_5.

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Reineke, Walter, i Michael Schlömann. "Microbial Degradation of Pollutants". W Environmental Microbiology, 161–290. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66547-3_6.

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Ajai i Rimjhim Bhatnagar. "Environmental and Social Impact". W Desertification and Land Degradation, 113–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351115629-5.

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Meierotto, Lisa. "Perceptions of Environmental Degradation". W Immigration, Environment, and Security on the U.S.-Mexico Border, 71–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31814-7_4.

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Eden, M. J. "Forest and environmental degradation". W Tropical Rain Forest: A Wider Perspective, 99–117. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4912-9_5.

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Pandharinath, Navale. "Environmental Degradation and Protection". W Introduction to Environment, Biodiversity and Climate Change, 69–86. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003230861-4.

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Liljeström, Rita, Eva Lindskog, Nguyen Van Ang i Vuong Xuan Tinh. "Poverty and Environmental Degradation". W Profit and Poverty in Rural Vietnam, 177–99. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003257561-16.

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Walia, S., R. Tewari, G. Brieger, V. Ellis, V. Thimm, M. Villareal, A. Kaiser i T. MacGuire. "Bacterial Degradation of Chlorinated Biphenyls". W Environmental Biotechnology, 465–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0824-7_65.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Environmental degradation"

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Moreno-Hurtado, Gabriela, i Carlos Moreno-Hurtado. "E-government and environmental degradation". W 2022 17th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cisti54924.2022.9820566.

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Sarasini, Fabrizio. "Environmental effects on impact damage resistance and tolerance of composite laminates". W 1st Corrosion and Materials Degradation Web Conference. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmdwc2021-09946.

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Robbi, Ilham, Munawar Ismail i Arief Hoetoro. "Environmental Degradation in Indonesia 1969–2016". W 23rd Asian Forum of Business Education(AFBE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200606.061.

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Wensky, Tobias, Lutz Winkler i Jens Friedrichs. "Environmental Influences on Engine Performance Degradation". W ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22748.

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Environmental influences have an increasing effect on the performance degradation and durability of modern aircraft engines. The study provides information on environmental effects using in-flight engine data and results of engine overhauls performed at MTU Maintenance. According to these investigations global regions are classified into erosive and anthropogenic polluted areas. Both types of regional effects significantly degrade performance and engine durability. The investigation, which is based upon the in-flight data taken from Engine Trend Monitoring (ETM), provides one approach for the estimatation of environmental effects on aircraft engine performance degradation. The results of the monitored engines provide detailed information on the environmental effects atlocal airports. The Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) that has been measured under flight conditions is compared with a calculated EGT of a calibrated fully thermodynamic gas path engine model (MOPS). Therefore, the EGT also serves as an indicator for performance degradation, increase of specific fuel consumption and the need for on-wing maintenance actions. Further information provided by the engine shop visit data at MTU Maintenance allows for an estimation of environmental influences on durability and overhaul costs. The on-wing time of maintained shop visit data is compared with a model for on-wing time calculation, whereas variations in durability were observed and analyzed under the aspects of environmental influences. Depending on the variations, corrections were made by defining the factors contributing to the classifications of environmental effects. These corrective factors provide information on reduced durability and increased operating costs. The result of the ETM performance degradation analysis shows significant variations in engine performance degradation as a result of specific regional operation. The analyses of maintenance data as well as performance degradation measured by ETM show remarkable environmental effects on engine durability and an increase in maintenance costs.
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Callen, B. W., B. Johnson, P. King, R. S. Timsit i W. H. Abbott. "Environmental degradation of utility power connectors in a harsh environment". W Electrical Contacts - 1999. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/holm.1999.795929.

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Margerum, Sarah, Matthew Cowley, Lauren Harvill, Elizabeth Benson i Sudhakar Rajulu. "Evaluating Suit Fit Using Performance Degradation". W 42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3533.

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Tyagi, A. K., i Moti L. KC. "Natural Degradation in Arkansas River, Oklahoma". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)385.

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Christophe, Gwendoline, Catherine Creuly i Claude-Gilles Dussap. "Higher Plant Waste Fiber Degradation by Biological Treatment". W International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3069.

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Wu, Haihui, Ruijie Sun, Liangliang Meng i Yuchao Cheng. "Study on the Cost of Environmental Degradation". W Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy, Environment and Information Engineering (SEEIE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/seeie-19.2019.31.

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Goda, Yasuhiro, Toshiyuki Sawa, Katsuya Himuro i Ken-ichi Yamamoto. "Impact Strength Degradation of Adhesive Joints Under Heat and Moisture Environmental Conditions". W ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38383.

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The effects of environmental degradations on the deformation behavior of an epoxy resin for structural adhesive are experimentally examined using an INSTRON-type material testing machine. The effects of environmental degradations on the shear strength of adhesive joints are also examined using an INSTRON-type material testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The results of quasi-static tensile tests for an epoxy resin for structural adhesive shows that the effect of the resistant to heat degradations tests is small on the deformation behavior, while it seems that the yield stress decreases and the elongation after the rupture increases as the degradations day increases in the resistant to moisture degradation tests. The results of quasi-static and impact shear tests for the adhesive joints shows that the effect of the resistant to heat degradations tests is small on the joint strength, while the shear strength decreases as the degradations day increases at any strain rate in the resistant to moisture degradation tests. In addition, the stress distributions at the adhesive interface of adhesive joints are examined using finite element stress analysis. From the numerical results, it is assumed that the joint strength increases as Young’s modulus of the adhesive decreases and the adhesive thickness is 0.25 mm. For verification of the FEA, the loading responses between the experimental and the numerical results are compared. A fairly good agreement is found between the experimental and the numerical results.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Environmental degradation"

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Duchesne, M. J. Environmental Impacts of permafrost degradation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314915.

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Duchesne, M. J. Environmental impacts of permafrost degradation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326990.

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Duchesne, M. J. Environmental impacts of permafrost degradation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328466.

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Aung, Htet Myat. Post-coup environmental degradation threatens Myanmar’s stability. East Asia Forum, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1710626400.

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Aung, Htet Myat. Post-coup environmental degradation threatens Myanmar’s stability. East Asia Forum, maj 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1715680800.

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Whitman, P., J. DeYoreo, T. Land, E. Miller, T. Suratwala, C. Thorsness i E. Wheeler. Surface Dynamics during Environmental Degradation of Crystal Surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15013517.

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De Yoreo, J., i I. Smolsky. Surface dynamics during environmental degradation of crystal surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10791.

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McFee, Erin, i Jonathan Röders. Research Brief: Conflict, Climate Change and Environmental Degradation. Trust After Betrayal, luty 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59498/99780.

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This research brief examines the interconnected challenges of climate change, environmental degradation (ED), and armed conflict. The brief highlights the complex relationships between natural resources, ED, and organised violence through multi-sited examples of habitat destruction, pollution, water scarcity, oil and gas-related conflicts, and deforestation. Every such fragile setting exhibits an intricate interwovenness of climate change and ED into the tapestry of sociopolitical and economic violence. Effectively addressing the causes of armed conflict influenced by environmental factors necessitates a contextualised understanding of this dynamic. The research brief also acknowledges the differential impacts of ED's consequences on marginalised populations while highlighting the potential for women to play a transformative role in addressing ED and insecurity.
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Scoones, Ian. What is Environmental Degradation, What Are Its Causes, and How to Respond? Institute of Development Studies, sierpień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.065.

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This short paper explores the question: what is environmental degradation and what are its causes? It seems an obvious question, but it is not. The paper explores definitions of environmental degradation (and restoration), challenging simplistic perspectives centred on ‘carrying capacity’. Five explanations of the root causes of environmental degradation widely applied in policy debates and promoted by different actors are identified.
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Samaniego, Ricardo. Towards a Better Environmental Policy in the Productive Sectors of Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Environmental Policy Experiences and Challenges in Mexico, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, and the. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007902.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Environment Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the I Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on April 4th and 5th, 2002. This presentation is about conditions for Success of Environmental Public Policies in Productive Sectors. Also includes environmental considerations and corrective measures in sectorial decision making as well as how pollution and degradation carry high social costs (illnesses, work absence, soil degradation and resource depletion). It presents conditions for sustainable development and to maintain competitiveness and growth possibilities for productive sectors.
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