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Лукаш, Ольга Анатоліївна, Ольга Анатольевна Лукаш i Olha Anatoliivna Lukash. "Environmental aspect of transborder cooperation". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8149.
Pełny tekst źródłaGhosh, Asit, i Shah Nawaz Muhammad Mehmood. "Coating on viscose fabric with respect to environmental aspect". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20852.
Pełny tekst źródłaProgram: Magisterutbildning i textilteknologi
Денисенко, Павло Анатолійович, Павел Анатольевич Денисенко i Pavlo Anatoliiovych Denysenko. "Sustainable human development: intellectualization aspect". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40693.
Pełny tekst źródłaGarsous, Grégoire. "Essays in infrastructure and environmental policies". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209391.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe second chapter, "Climate Change Mitigation in the Presence of Technology Spillovers", explores the implications of an increase in clean technology spillovers between developed and developing countries. I build a 2-stage 2-country game of abatements in which players are linked with technology spillovers. The two countries are asymmetric in their technology endowment. Country 1 - the developed country - is the only one able to invest in technology that lowers abatement costs. Country 2 - the developing country - captures only part of the technology provided by country 1.
The third chapter, "Threshold Effects in Self-Enforcing International Environmental Agreements" is co-written with Renaud Foucart. In this chapter, we address the stability of self-enforcing International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) with the presence of a threshold of irreversible climate change. Climate scientists recognize the existence of human-induced abrupt climate changes that are likely to occur when the climate system crosses some threshold. We show that taking into account these threshold effects - when identified with enough accuracy - allows for the existence of more ambitious agreements than those predicted by the traditional literature on IEAs. When considering abrupt irreversible damage, the contribution of any country that helps prevent the world from such a catastrophe is very large. Consequently, a high number of signatories that could potentially prevent the climate system from crossing the threshold could form a self-enforcing agreement.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Starling, Fernando Luis do Rego Monteiro. "Development of biomanipulation strategies for the remediation of eutrophication problems in an urban reservoir, Lago Paranoa, Brazil". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12556.
Pełny tekst źródłaVladimirova, Ekaterina. "Values for sustainable future: transforming values in the context of climate change and global environmental degradation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241295.
Pełny tekst źródłaNúñez, Rocha Thaís. "International trade and environment : the role of environmental regulations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E051.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis contributes to an understanding of the relationship between trade and the environment, with an emphasis on the role of environmental regulation among countries. Three essays deal with this link from different perspectives. The first chapter analyses the effectiveness of the formalization of the Basel Convention on trade in hazardous wastes in the European Union (EU-WSR), followed by developing countries, and divided into regions. I build an environmental regulation index, which includes the quality of the institutions. The results show little evidence of a waste haven effect in the least developed EU countries. In the regional analysis, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of the EU-WSR. The second chapter examines the effectiveness of international environmental agreements. This chapter assesses the effects of the ratification and adoption of these agreements on imports of hazardous chemicals and persistent organic pollutants. The results underline the partial effect of these two conventions. More specifically, when assessing a less restrictive arrangement, imports are reduced only when the exporter ratifies the agreement. In assessing the ban on persistent organic pollutants, imports are reduced. The third examines the effect of environmental regulation on environmental outcomes. This chapter has taken into account the determinants of pollution and an environmental regulatory variable composed of environmental laws adopted by countries. The results show that environmental laws have an effect improving environmental outcomes. This effect is unique to environmental outcomes and to the law. Thus, some previous conclusions drawn from the literature on the beneficial effect of trade on the environment are questioned
Proulx, Michèle. "The uranium mining industry of the Bancroft area, an environmental history and heritage assessment". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21696.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNúñez, Rocha Thaís. "International trade and environment : the role of environmental regulations". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E051/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis contributes to an understanding of the relationship between trade and the environment, with an emphasis on the role of environmental regulation among countries. Three essays deal with this link from different perspectives. The first chapter analyses the effectiveness of the formalization of the Basel Convention on trade in hazardous wastes in the European Union (EU-WSR), followed by developing countries, and divided into regions. I build an environmental regulation index, which includes the quality of the institutions. The results show little evidence of a waste haven effect in the least developed EU countries. In the regional analysis, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of the EU-WSR. The second chapter examines the effectiveness of international environmental agreements. This chapter assesses the effects of the ratification and adoption of these agreements on imports of hazardous chemicals and persistent organic pollutants. The results underline the partial effect of these two conventions. More specifically, when assessing a less restrictive arrangement, imports are reduced only when the exporter ratifies the agreement. In assessing the ban on persistent organic pollutants, imports are reduced. The third examines the effect of environmental regulation on environmental outcomes. This chapter has taken into account the determinants of pollution and an environmental regulatory variable composed of environmental laws adopted by countries. The results show that environmental laws have an effect improving environmental outcomes. This effect is unique to environmental outcomes and to the law. Thus, some previous conclusions drawn from the literature on the beneficial effect of trade on the environment are questioned
Souza, Ellen Priscila Nunes de 1984. "Qualidade e percepção do ambiente construído : influência nas características psicofisiológicas dos usuários". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257892.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A qualidade do ambiente construído envolve características espaciais que afetam a percepção e o comportamento de seus usuários. Fatores como ventilação, temperatura, iluminação, forma e volume devem ser trabalhados de maneira a propiciar ambientes adequados que promovam uma qualidade de vida desejável. Devido à percepção ambiental ser derivada do processamento do estímulo sensorial, é premissa desta tese de doutorado que o ritmo biológico e o estado psicológico dos usuários são diretamente influenciados pelas variáveis espaciais. Assim, a hipótese da pesquisa é que os ambientes hospitalares, controlados exclusivamente por sistemas artificiais de iluminação e controle de temperatura e associados ao intenso ritmo de trabalho, alteram o ritmo biológico dos médicos residentes ampliando a ocorrência de doenças psicológicas e potencializando as chances de erro de diagnóstico. O objetivo é identificar como o ambiente hospitalar em condições artificiais, especialmente de iluminação e temperatura, afetam a qualidade de vida e a percepção dos médicos residentes por meio da análise de variáveis fisiológicas e psicológicas. Para tanto, foram feitas avaliações sobre as variáveis do ambiente: i. quantitativa aferindo a temperatura, iluminação, umidade relativa, velocidade do ar e aspectos físicos; e ii. qualitativa com questionários de percepção visual, térmica, acústica e de uso do espaço. Os aspectos psicofisiológicos dos médicos residentes foram avaliados segundo: i. variável emocional com instrumentais validados no Brasil para delimitação da ansiedade, depressão, estresse e transtorno psiquiátrico no ambiente de trabalho, além do sono e sua qualidade e ii. variável hormonal mediante coleta salivar e uso do Teste ELISA para dosagem de cortisol e melatonina. A pesquisa é caracterizada como exploratória e transversal prospectiva devido às variáveis de desfecho observadas e segue o delineamento da pesquisa experimental. O estudo foi realizado em condições reais de uso no Setor da Imaginologia do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP/Campinas. Dentre os resultados obtidos foram constatadas, dentre outros, respostas psicofisiológicas diferenciadas de acordo com as condições ambientais e o nível de residência médica; também se verificou que estas mesmas condições não alcançaram valores capazes de interferir integralmente na saúde psicofisiológica dos médicos residentes independente do nível. Esta pesquisa além de contribuir com a extensão do estado-da-arte, acrescentou informações à coleção de dados sobre a influência do ambiente sob condições artificiais de seus sistemas ambientais na percepção e saúde psicofisiológica de uma parcela da população hospitalar, auxiliando no desenvolvimento de melhorias na qualidade do ambiente daquela tipologia arquitetônica
Abstract: The quality of the built environment involves spatial characteristics that affect the perception and the behaviour of its users. Factors such as ventilation, temperature, lighting, shape and volume must be worked out in order to provide appropriate environments that promote a good quality of life. Because environmental perception is derived from the processing of sensory stimulus, the premise of this doctorate thesis is that the biological rhythm and the psychological state of users are directly influenced by spatial variables. Thus, the hypothesis of the research is that the hospital environment, controlled exclusively by artificial lighting and climate control, and associated to the intense pace of work, alter the biological rhythm of resident physicians increasing the occurrence of psychological diseases and increasing the chances of them making diagnostic errors. The goal is to identify how the hospital environment under artificial conditions, especially lighting and temperature, affect the quality of life and the perception of medical residents through the analysis of physiological and psychological variables. Therefore, the evaluated environmental variables were; i. quantitative gauging of the temperature, lighting, relative humidity, air velocity and physical aspects; ii. qualitative questionnaires regarding visual perception, thermal, acoustic and use of space. Psycho-physiological aspects of resident physicians were evaluated according to; i. emotional variables with validated instruments in Brazil for the demarcation of anxiety, depression, stress and psychiatric disorder in the workplace, in addition to sleep and its quality; ii. hormonal variables by saliva collection and the use of ELISA test for cortisol and melatonin dosage. The research is characterized as exploratory and prospective due to the observed outcome variables and follows the design of experimental research. The study was conducted in real conditions in the Radiology Department of the Hospital at UNICAMP/Campinas. Among the results found with resident doctors were different psycho-physiological responses according to the environmental conditions; also that these same conditions did not reach values able to fully interfere in the psycho-physiological health of physicians whatever the year of residency. This research contributes to the advance of the state of the art, adding information to the data already collected on the influence of artificial environmental conditions on the perception and psycho-physiological health of a proportion of the hospital population, contributing to the development of the quality of the environment through architectural design
Doutorado
Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
Doutora em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
Abushehada, Ismail. "Economic, social and environmental impacts of industrial estates development : Gaza industrial estate as case study". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32029.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarsson, Anna, i Angela Bäckström. "Miljöutredning för Bräcke Diakoni". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15298.
Pełny tekst źródłaMiljöarbetet i Sverige har utvecklats mycket de senaste femtio åren. Idag arbetar de flesta företag med miljö på något sätt. Miljöarbetet regleras av miljöbalken som gäller parallellt med andra lagar. Den här rapporten är en miljöutredning för Bräcke Diakoni. Syftet med rapporten är att ta reda på hur stor miljöpåverkan Bräcke Diakonis verksamheter har. Rapporten ska även användas som underlag till miljödiplomering. Bräcke Diakoni är en stiftelse som funnits i Göteborg sedan år 1923 och har verksamheter inom hälsa, vård, rehab, psykiatri, barn, ungdom, äldreomsorg och hospice. De är miljödiplomerade sedan 2005 och arbetar aktivt för att minska sin miljöpåverkan. Data har samlats in genom intervjuer, inventeringar och Intranätet. Miljöutredningen omfattar åtta av Bräcke Diakonis enheter som är lokaliserade i Bräcke, Göteborg. Utredningen är övergripande och omfattar miljöpåverkan från energiförbrukning, vatten, resor, kemikalier, avfall, återvinning och olyckor. Inga fördjupningar har gjorts. Högst miljöpåverkan fick tjänsteresor, el, fjärrvärme, tjänstefordon och hushållssopor. Bräcke Diakoni har överlag ingen miljöpåverkan som behöver akuta åtgärder. I slutet av rapporten finns förbättringsförslag för fortsatt miljöarbete, exempelvis byta energiavtal, belöna miljövänligt resande bland personalen och minska på tjänsteresor genom införskaffande av videokonferensanläggning. Bräcke Diakoni har redan vidtagit åtgärder för att minska sin miljöpåverkan. Bland annat bidrar de till att uppfylla miljökvalitetsmålet ”Giftfri miljö” genom att ta hand om sitt farliga avfall. Att de använder fjärrvärme bidrar till att uppfylla ”God bebyggd miljö” samt ” Frisk luft”.
Lundberg, Kristina. "Rail operation and maintenance in an environmental management system context". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-248.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Swedish National Rail Administration, Banverket, has the overarching sector responsibility for Swedish railways, including a responsibility for implementing and managing the government decision for an ecologically sustainable development. In support of achieving ecologically sustainable development and fulfilment of the national environmental objectives and environmental legislation, Banverket initiated the implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) in 1998. The overall aim of this thesis is to examine the EMS applied at Banverket with regard to the identification and monitoring of environmental aspects at the administrative Railway Regions of Banverket. The analysis is based on a qualitative approach comprising questionnaires, interviews, document analysis and participating observations.
Areas for potential improvements are identified. A more stringent use of the EMS is needed in the organisation. Furthermore, a link between activity, aspect and impact when identifying environmental aspects would improve the procedure. Like in other public organisations, the monitoring of environmental aspects at Banverket is insufficient. Introducing indicators and integrating different Government requirements for environmental monitoring into one system, using EMS as a tool would make the system more effective. In the thsesis a framework is proposed for the identification of environmental aspects pertaining to operation and maintenance at Banverket. This framework has an input–output perspective and provides a clear connection between activity, aspect and impact. Furthermore, by establishing the framework on a system used mainly for environmental performance evaluation, a better connection between the identification and monitoring of aspects is created, possibly improving both processes. The framework for the identifica-tion of environmental aspects, as proposed in the thesis, could also be modified and applied in other organisations.
A major conclusion of the study is that the EMS applied at Banverket, in its present form, is not an effective environmental management tool for achieving ecologically sustainable development within the rail sector. Adapted methods for identification and monitoring of environmental aspects for public organisations such as Banverket would facilitate the application of EMS and increase its effectiveness as an environmental tool.
Nyika, Mugove Walter. "Permaculture as an aspect of environmental learning: an investigation into secondary school communities in Zimbabwe". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008447.
Pełny tekst źródłaThellier, Lionel. "Environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a solid oxide fuel cell and nuclear reactors". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10107.
Pełny tekst źródłaHumankind faces many challenges in the energy field: explosion in demand, greenhouse gas emissions, rarefaction of certain fossi! resources, pollution etc. The answer to these challenges lies in particular in the development of energy conversion systems with a high efficiency and low environmental impacts. Furthermore, it requires the development of approaches which enable to evaluate these impacts and communicate the results to a very wide audience. The work undertaken in this Phd thesis is a contribution to the efforts underway to me et this dual demand. It is made up of two parts which have consisted respectively: - in evaluating with a mature approach the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by an energy conversion system currently under development. The objective was to carry out a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of the electricity provided by a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) "stack". The study was aimed to define the optimal manufacturing, use and end-of-life conditions for this stack from an environmental point of view, in order to help the designers and users in their technological choices. - in developing an approach which allows the assessment of the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a mature energy conversion system. The objective was to adapt the concepts of Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity in order that they properly integrate nuclear electricity production. The study was aimed to propose a simple indicator for evaluating the environmental impacts ofthis type of electricity
Jachym, Anne-Laure. "Economic Growth, Greenhouse Gases and Environmental Regulation". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38154.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this study, we investigate the effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on economic growth in a conditional convergence framework. We look at carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and the group of "F gases", as well as the effect of the sum of these pollutants, i.e. almost all greenhouse gases. Our sample is composed of 81 countries with a variety of per capita income levels and covers the period between 1993 and 2012. We define two ten-year periods and regress economic growth on emissions growth of each pollutant separately, on the first-year GDP of the period and on several control variables. To address the issue of inverse causality bias between pollution emissions and economic growth, as between investment and economic growth, we use an instrumental variable methodology. We use past data to instrument pollution and investment. More precisely, the data of the first year of the period are used as instruments. We find that, except for CO2, greenhouse gas emissions growth does not generate economic growth. CO2 emissions growth has a positive impact on economic growth. Interestingly, this impact is less pronounced between 2003 and 2012, as compared to the 1993-2002 period. In addition, the impact of CO2 emissions growth is stronger in the richer half of countries in our sample.
Fanari, Natali. "SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATIONS IN ENERGY UTILITY COMPANIES: A CASE STUDY ON TWO MUNICIPAL ENERGY COMPANIES". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448601.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrännström, Linn. "Klimatperspektivet i MKB för svenska väg- och järnvägsplaner : En studie gällande hur klimataspekten hanteras i rådande miljöbedömningar och hur hanteringen bör utvecklas till följd av nya EU-direktiv". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67775.
Pełny tekst źródłaSweden has prescribed national environmental targets which states that Sweden should not cause any greenhouse emissions by 2045. To achieve these goals, efforts are required from a variety of sectors. The environmental impact of the transport system is high, but therefore are the opportunities to reduce the total greenhouse gas emissions also great. A challenge to succeeding in this is to find completely new solutions while already god existing solutions needs to be streamlined and expanded. Sustainable social development can only be achieved through a holistic perspective. To reduce the anthropogenic impact on the climate and the environment, but also to adapt the urban environment to climate change, it is therefore important to integrate climate change into planned plans, programs and projects. Environmental impact Assessments (EIA) are statutory and methodological tools, suitable for this end goal. Thus, there is an opportunity to systematically integrate climate change into a variety of public and private projects, in the work towards a more sustainable society. However, until recently (2018) this has not been statutory, but the amendment of Directive (2011/92 / EU) to (2014/52 / EU) of the European Parliament and of the Council to on environmental assessments alters this. Now climate change is also required to be treated more clearly in environmental assessments. The Swedish Transport Administration oversees government infrastructure and therefore an important actor to direct the construction and infrastructure industry towards a more "emission-friendly" construction. The amendment to the EU directive places new demands on how the Swedish Transport Administration will need to address this environmental aspect in the future. The purpose of the thesis work was therefore to clarify the climate perspective in EIAs and the goal to give recommendations for how the Swedish Transport Administration should handle the climate aspect in EIAs for road and rail plans in order to comply with new EU directives. Three different case studies were conducted to partly investigate: If and how the Swedish Transport Administration deals with the climate aspect in their present EIAs; to investigate how other actors implement the climate aspect; to investigate how different guides suggest that the implementation should take place. I addition to the Case Studies a literature study was conducted to compile the research area on the weaknesses in the EIA-process, if E-LCA is a good tool to use in transport planning and what the challenges are to successfully integrate the climate aspect into EIAs. The new EU directive states that EIAs should address: Mitigation of climate effects: i.e., investigation of expected greenhouse gas emissions as a result of the projects and how these can be reduced (so called environmental measures). Climate adaption of the project: an assessment of how the project may be affected by future climate change and whether the project can be adapted accordingly. The result shows that only 20 % of the Swedish Transport Administrations randomly selected EIAs is addressing the climate aspect in a clear way, while 45 % addresses the climate aspect very little. Only 45 % of the Swedish Transport Administrations 20 randomly selected EIAs mention "Carbon dioxide/CO2" and only 40 % mention the keyword “greenhouse gas”. The recommendations that resulted from the results include: If the climate aspect is not recognized, a motivation should be given to this. Report outcomes quantitatively. Reasonably in terms of CO2 equivalents (both positive and negative). Clearer grounds for assessment. Proposed: Link the project to global, national and regional goals; Use functional units, such as CO2 Equal / Km Rail. Clearer definitions and expressions. Use an E-LCA perspective in the EIA and report system boundaries and life scenarios. (Highlight the content of a possible EPD more clearly). Illustrate uncertainties with sensitivity analyzes and scenario analyzes. Clarifying the link between climate change and climate adaption. Introduce the climate aspect into an "own" section or under a section called "cumulative effects" To support the process of introducing the climate aspect, a reference guide, like table 20 (see Case Study 3) can be designed.
Lehtonen, Markku. "Environmental policy evaluation in the service of sustainable development : influence of the OECD environmental performance reviews from the perspective of institutional economics". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS021S.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines what consequences, through which pathways, and under which circumstances, does country-level environmental policy evaluation, carried out by an intergovernmental organisation, have for institutional change towards sustainable development. The philosophical and theoretical frameworks of institutional economics are proposed as the lens through which to assess experiences from evaluation research. This is done in order to elaborate a conceptual framework for analysing the approach, the impact and the factors conditioning the influence of environmental policy evaluation in the context of sustainable development. The OECD Environmental Performance Review programme is examined through an in-depth qualitative case study approach. It is found that in spite of engendering relatively modest interest among the public, the reviews increase the legitimacy of environmental policies and authorities, and strengthen a performance-oriented environmental policy emphasising evaluation, monitoring and cost-effectiveness. These impacts operate through four parallel pathways, representing the purposes of learning and accountability. The type and intensity of influence depends on the capacity of the reviews to mobilise key change agents and to be sensitive to the context, as well as on the credibility and political weight of the OECD in the reviewed country. It is concluded that notwithstanding the distance of the prevailing OECD conception of sustainability from the institutionalist principles adopted as the benchmark for the appraisal in this thesis, the reviews contribute meaningfully to sustainable development by redressing asymmetries of power, thereby improving some of the conditions for deliberative democracy
Tao, Fang. "Aspect human exposure to emerging and legacy flame retardants in the UK and Vietnam". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6925/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSlechten, Aurelie. "Policies for climate change". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209493.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Meyer, Theunis Christoffel. "Developing a generic model of the initial review process for a gold mine shaft business unit / Theunis Christoffel Meyer". Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/250.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
Pham, Do Dieu Thu. "Managing green recruitment to attract pro-environmental job seekers : the combined effect of green organizational process and green organizational distinctiveness of «Handicap» principle". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68754.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe pursuit for environmental sustainability of business firms and the active participation of not-for-rofit organisations worldwide in proactive deal with environmental problems in recent decade have contributed a great effort to the environmental movement. One reason is related to the environmental degeneration in some regions and the increase in individual environmental footprint that urges the societal change in socio- cological responsibility. The other reason is the recognition of green rewards that environmental performance brings to a firm, including both intrinsic outcomes and extrinsic outcomes ensuring sustainable development goals. This thesis envisions an eco-living future of clean, safe, and healthy toward which the participating organisations' environmental orientations need to comply to corporate ethics of green mission in terms of reducing social inequality and preventing environmental crisis. This requires the appropriate enablement of corporate environmental performance of no below standard and no extremism from both green and nongreen actors. In corporate green mission, employees are accountable for their participation in environmental practices. Their pro-environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviours determine their corporate environmental performance, which is conceptualized to encompass environmental management and environmental operation practices. To both the pioneers and the newcomers in this green field, forging a pro-environmental workforce of talented managers and fully skilled workers is vital to the organisational survival and success provided they have ecological value congruence and are willing to engage in focus environmental orientation, meaning organisational pro-environmental behaviours. Therefore, attracting the fit pro-environmental individuals should be executed in a consistent manner to recruit and maintain their environmental performance as well as to remove their intention to leave early. Since green recruitment and selection is the foremost in the green organisational life cycle to guarantee pro-environmental workforce in quality, green candidate attraction is worth doing in a proactive manner in order to recruit, attract, identify and select the right type of pro-environmental talents. However, in the context of blooming Marketing and greenwashing or in case where there is dishonesty on environmental characteristics of both recruiters and applicants, how the organisational attraction should be conducted in a pro-environmental and corporate ethic manner to generate early the job seekers' positive perceptions of organisational attractiveness for environment in the one part and detect the fit ones in the other? Likewise, due to recent decades' rapid changing life of manipulation and deception, particularly in an « arms race », what key signalling factor is to make the pro-environmental talents and potentials recognise a true pro-environmentalemployer who is compatible with them? Which pro-environmental signal is hard-to-fake? From the tenet of signalling theory and from a knowledge-based view, this thesis responds to these emerging issues by researching into the insight of management of green organisational capacity and green recruitment to attract existing and future employees, which are happening now. The overall findings indicate a stabilized environmental movement which is comprised of green organisational processes in conformity with optimal heterogeneity of green organizational distinctiveness representing the organizational ecological value to sustain an organisational hard-to-fake character. A model of « Handicap » principle conveying the ethics of pro-environmental attraction and practical implications for defining, recruiting, detecting and selecting the right type of pro-environmental talents with a focus environmental orientation of the employing organisation are recommended.
Kühnová, Nikola. "Způsoby snižování rizik na životní prostředí v souvislosti s činností podnikajících subjektů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318118.
Pełny tekst źródłaVolpi, Yuli Della. "Turismo e sustentabilidade: a materialidade dos serviços a partir do estudo dos meios de hospedagem". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100136/tde-16092017-153822/.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile tourism is recognized as a potential cause of damage to the environment and motivates several researches and actions designed to promote the sector\'s sustainability, the immateriality remains a widely accepted feature in understanding the nature of the services. In this sense, the research aims to discuss, in the light of service economy theories, the materiality of the accommodation services. Therefore, the research uses literature review and the analytical framework of the life cycle concept to address the inputs and outputs associated with the environmental aspects of the product provided by the accommodation businesses. The stages of production and consumption of accommodation services were considered. Thus, different inputs and outputs associated to the materiality sources of accommodation services can be identified. The inputs are: consumption of energy, water, food and beverage, personal care products, cleaning products, chemicals, fossil fuels and other products. The outputs are organic and inorganic waste generation, effluent discharges, atmospheric emissions, noise emissions and odor emissions. These inputs and outputs are derived from the material content of the accommodation services, which is manifested in the physical sites of production and in the production factors operations. Discussing the services materiality and promoting a good environmental performance of accommodations businesses is important in a context of promoting sustainable tourism
Alcala, Beito Jimenez. "Environmental aspect of Hispano-Islamic architecture : an approach to the daylight and summer thermal performance of Muslim buildings in Spain". Thesis, University of London, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516564.
Pełny tekst źródłaHailu, Atakelty Gebremedihen. "Environmentally sensitive analysis of economic performance, productivity and efficiency in the Canadian pulp and paper industry, 1959-1994". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34772.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFahim, Jonas, Marko Vujevic i Gomez Paolo Paloma. "Ystads kommun samlastning från outsourcing till insourcing". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21736.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs the population of Sweden rises, the demand for deliveries of goods grows significantly.This results in more pressure being put on the government to form a well establishedtransportation route. Therefore, some communities in Sweden have placed their focus ondeveloping the routes and making them more efficient for the population and to improve theprofits for the companies that deliver the goods.In this study we have focused on the community of Ystad and how they have resolved theirstrategy to achieve these goals. A possible solution in order to maximize the effectiveness hasbeen to establish joint loading of the goods. The main purpose of this study is to portray whatthe outcome of the joint loading project has had on the community of Ystad. To be able tofulfill our purpose we have conducted interviews of different people that have an importantrole in the transportation business but also searched for previous literature studies that giveexamples of earlier projects. An important part was also the gathering of information fromtransportation companies that was presented on their websites.The theoretical part was collected from our universities search engine where we found themthrough the keywords, joint loading and co-loading. The theories that we have mentionedhave helped us through the study and answer the question we brought out. Because this studyis of qualitative form, our interviews were conducted with three highly positioned individualsthat work in different transportation companies in Ystad. The empirical data together with ourtheories gave us a decent background in order to analyze our data and bring forward a result.The results that we present indicate that the environment was affected positively as well asthe profit of the companies that implemented the co loading project.Keywords: Joint loading, co- loading, effects, environmental aspect
Hajimirzaie, Seyed Mohammad. "Flow structure in the wake of a low-aspect-ratio wall-mounted bluff body". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2509.
Pełny tekst źródłaKala, Jakub. "Integrovaný systém managementu stavebního podniku". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227841.
Pełny tekst źródłaHamit-Haggar, Mahamat. "Essays on environmental and development economics". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis comprises four empirical essays on environmental and development economics. In the first chapter, we examine to what extent individual and contextual level factors influence individuals to contribute financially to prevent environmental pollution. We find that rich people, individuals with higher education, as well as those who possess post-materialist values are more likely to be concerned about environmental pollution. We also observe the country in which individuals live matter in their willingness to contribute. More precisely, we find democracy and government stability reduce individuals’ intention to donate to prevent environmental damage mainly in developed countries. The second chapter deals with the relation between economic growth and environmental degradation by focusing on the issue of whether the inverted U-shaped relation exist. The study discloses no evidence for the U-shaped relation. However, the empirical result points toward a non-linear relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth, that is, emissions tend to rise rapidly in the early stages with economic growth, and then emissions continue to increase but a lower rate in the later stages. The third chapter investigates the long-run as well as the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in a group of Sub-Saharan Africa. The result discovers the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between clean energy consumption and economic growth. Furthermore, the short-run and the long-run dynamics indicate unidirectional Granger causality running from clean energy consumption to economic growth without any feedback effects. The last chapter of this thesis concerns with convergence of emissions across Canadian provinces. The study determines convergence clubs better characterizes Canadian’s emissions. In other words, we detect the existence of segmentation in emissions across Canadian provinces
Čermáková, Lenka. "Analýza stavu CSR v České republice". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262162.
Pełny tekst źródłaKamergi, Najla. "Upstream and downstream agri-environmental regulations : cross-country differences, determinants and trade effects". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL2006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis investigates the relationship between international agricultural trade and standards intended to protect the environment, considering both upstream and downstream measures. The work is structured around three chapters. In the first one, we analyze the network of environmentally-related non-tariff measures. Chapter 2 investigates the stringency and the determinants of agri-environmental regulations by measuring their efficiency in a large panel of 108 countries during the period 2003-2013. The last chapter examines the effects of agri-environmental regulations’ stringency and heterogeneity on the intensive margin of trade between 108 countries over the same period. To this end, we used non-parametric and econometric approaches. We employ the network analysis in the first chapter whereas we use a non-parametric frontier model and the double bootstrapped truncated regression in chapter two. In chapter three, we use a theoretically justified gravity model of trade.Our findings indicate that trade growth of southern countries has been conducive to rising environmentally-related trade conflicts. While Latin American and Southeast Asian countries are increasingly asserting themselves as major suppliers for many regions of the world, our results reveal new environmentally-related conflictual relation targeting developing and emerging countries on one side and increasingly spreading within southern agro-producers on the other. Further results show that the sector of crops has witnessed globally an increasing trend in average agri-environmental efficiency. An intriguing finding is that agricultural trade openness and the specialization in crop commodities’ exports hamper the inefficiency, supporting therefore the “environmental gains-from-trade” hypothesis. In addition, our results show that environmentally-related NTMs turn out to be levers for enhancing the agri-environmental performance of exporters, especially in the BRICS and high as well as middle-income countries. Nonetheless, low income countries react differently and record a deteriorating agri-environmental performance due to environmentally-related NTMs. We also show that the stringency of environmental regulations turns out to be trade reducing in the CAIRNS group, supporting thereby the pollution haven hypothesis. By contrast, rigorous agri-environmental policies have a significant trade-enhancing effect on bilateral agricultural exports of the EU and the USA. Surprisingly, low and middle income countries support also the Porter hypothesis, suggesting that strict environmental regulations can enhance their competitive advantage against foreign rivals. Finally, we conclude that difference in exporter and importer environmental regulations is more relevant to agricultural trade than trade agreements. However, trade effects vary according to the income groups of exporting and importing countries
Kirat, Yassine. "Economic and environmental impacts of natural resources abundance". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E056.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines how societies use and sustain the natural resources that fundamentally shape human well-being, the environment and the economy. The links between economic prosperity, resources and environmental preservation are complex and diverse. This implies that, if all dimensions are not taken into account in public policy making, any progress in achieving objectives in these areas can be hindered by undesirable outcomes. A key issue in development studies is how natural resource wealth affects long-term economic growth. In order to address this question, the first chapter examines the impact of non-conventional resource development on the US manufacturing sector over the period 1997-2013. In the same veine, chapter 3 examines the impact of abundant natural resources on the economy by exploiting the volatility channel of natural resources rent on a panel of 103 countries between 1985-2014. Moreover, the extraction and processing of natural resources are often energy-intensive activities that involve large-scale ecosystem alterations. Chapter 2 of the thesis investigates the impact of natural resource abundance on CO2 intensity in developed countries over the period 1995-2014
Vera, Torrejón José Antonio, i Safra Paola Caicedo. "The Negative Environmental Impact and its Evaluation Before, During and After the Development of Productive Activities". Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117083.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn la primera parte del artículo se propone un desarrollo teórico – doctrinario del concepto de impacto ambiental y de su vertiente positiva y negativa. Asimismo, se desarrolla una comparación y diferenciación teórica del concepto impacto de ambiental negativo y de contaminación ambiental. En la segunda parte, se plasman los conceptos teóricos a nivel práctico, desarrollando así las implicancias de los impactos ambientales negativos antes,durante y después de la ejecución de actividades productivas.
Diekmann, Anya. "Bridging the gap: the relationship between heritage preservation and tourist consumption". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211073.
Pełny tekst źródłaWiding, felicia, i Nina Rubensson. "Methane fluxes from tree stems in Amazon floodplains : Evaluating methodological aspect of measuring spatial and seasonal variability in a flooded system". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-153908.
Pełny tekst źródłaTropical wetland-adapted trees are recognized as an important source of regional and global methane (CH4) emissions, by transport of soil gas through wetland trees. However, spatiotemporal variability and controls on the magnitude of tree-mediated CH4 emissions remain unknown as fluxes are poorly constrained. Therefore, we aim to optimize sampling efforts to yield representative emission estimates for distinct types of forest ecosystems and improve knowledge on spatial and temporal variability. We examined the variability in tree stem mediated CH4 fluxes in situ, located in three different floodplains (Solimões, Negro and Tapajós) with various characteristics, during different hydrological seasons. The sampling was conducted by measuring fluxes from 36 trees at each location using closed chambers. All the three study sites, situated in the Amazon region, displayed seasonal variability in CH4 fluxes, with the largest contributions observed during the wet season. A significant difference between Solimões and Negro was detected during the wet season and this may be a result of the different chemical and physical characteristics between the sampling locations. As for within the study sites, zones played a significant role for CH4 flux from trees since the water level influences the fluxes. A strong spatial variability (lower fluxes in the land zone, and the highest flux obtained in the zone with greatest variability between dry and wet conditions) was found. This pattern can be addressed by sampling along flooded and non-flooded zones.
The Global Methane Budget
Vallier, Romain. "La conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0028/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the thesis consists of wondering how companies lead their legal politics to get a global performance. In other words, it will be advisable to demonstrate that environmental regulations and voluntary environmental standards which companies and States try to conform, can improve at the same time their environmental protection, their competitiveness, and to a lesser extent their social performance. This environmental compliance has taken a particular development since the big economic phenomena led by the globalization. The globalization is characterized since the 1970s by the advent of an opened market economy in which companies circulate freely from a country to another. This economy is particularly based on free trade of properties, services, technologies, capital, as well as on free circulation of companies themselves. But globalization had led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to meet these challenges as operationally as possible, countries have put regulations and voluntary standards with a view to regulating firms’ activities, that form the basis of a environmental compliance legal policy undertaken by these companies. These companies are trying to adapt to those legal mechanisms in order to better protect the environment, but also to become more competitive
Araújo, Viviane Miranda. "Práticas recomendadas para a gestão mais sustentável de canteiros de obras". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-28102009-173935/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSustainable construction is an essential condition for society sustainable development achievement. So, concerning about sustainability is indispensable for all stages of the building life cycle, since its conception, through design, construction, maintenance, until its demolition, considering the three dimensions of sustainability: economical, social and environmental. Hence, the building construction negative impacts reduction study stands out, as the construction industry, besides being a great consumer of natural resources, causes unwanted environmental impacts. Thus, the purpose of the research is to provide recommendable practices to be adopted by the constructors in their site works, aiming at a more sustainable production process in urban areas. These practices involve technological and managerial guidelines, besides a guide, which proposes a more sustainable site works establishment strategy. The research has exploratory object and qualitative nature, and was developed through theoretical studies, involving national and international literature review, and field observations. As main results there are: the evolution of the site works environmental aspects and impacts correlation matrix, the formulation of technological and managerial guidelines aiming at a more sustainable site works production process, and the preparation of a guide for a more sustainable site works establishment.
Zaccai, Edwin. "Contribution à l'analyse des conceptions du développement durable". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211719.
Pełny tekst źródłaGemenne, François. "Environmental changes and migration flows : normative frameworks and policy responses". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaMassive population displacements are regularly forecast as one of the most dramatic consequences of climate change. The thesis shows that such an approch is overly deterministic, and argues that patterns of migration flows depend primarily on policy responses. In a constructivist approah, the research contends that the very conceptualisation of environmental migration, as a political construct, is contingent upon the normative frameworks and policy responses that aim to address it. These frameworks and responses are examined in two policy areas: migration policies and environmental policies. Two empirical studies, in New Orleans and Tuvalu, complement the analysis
Rose, Teresa, i n/a. "AN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY INTO THE IMPACTS OF FLOW REGULATION ON AN UPLAND GRAVEL BED RIVERINE ENVIRONMENT: A TRIBUTARY CONFLUENCE IN THE SNOWY RIVER DOWNSTREAM OF JINDABYNE DAM, AUSTRALIA". University of Canberra. Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20080917.153237.
Pełny tekst źródłaКучірко, О. Я. "Eкологічне громадське здоров’я: стан, проблеми та перспективи". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12217.
Pełny tekst źródłaKinda, Somlanare Romuald. "Essays on environmental degradation and economic development". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10411/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation is a contribution to the debate on environmental degradation and development. It focuses on the determinants and macroeconomic effects of environmental degradation. It is structured in two parts. The first part analyses the effects of education and democratic institutions on environmental quality. The first chapter analyses the role of education in environmental quality. No evidence of an effect of education on carbon dioxide emissions. However, this effect depends crucially on the sample of countries according to their levels of development. While the effect remains insignificant in developing countries, education does matter for carbon dioxide emissions in developed ones. Moreover, when controlling for the quality of democratic institutions, the positive effect of education on carbon dioxide emissions is mitigated in developed countries while remaining insignificant in developing ones. The second chapter explores the effect of democratic institutions on environmental quality. We evidence that democratic institutions do have a direct and positive effect on environmental quality. This positive effect is stronger for local pollutants than for global ones. More interestingly, it identifies the indirect channels through which democracy affects environmental degradation. Indeed, by increasing people’s preferences for redistribution and economic policies, democratic institutions have indirect and negative effects on environmental protection through income inequality and investments. In the second part, the dissertation provides two essays on the effects of environmental policies and climate change on development. The third chapter investigates the effects of climatic variability on food security. The results show that climatic variability reduces food security in developing countries. The adverse effect is higher for African sub-Saharan countries than for other developing countries. Second, the negative effect of climatic variability on food security is exacerbated in countries facing conditions of conflict and is high for the countries that are vulnerable to food price shocks. The fourth chapter provides new evidence about the effect of a gap in environmental policies between trading partners on trade flow. While previous papers have used partial measures of environmental regulations (input-Oriented or output-Oriented indicators), we compute an index of a country’s environmental policy. Results suggest that a similarity in environmental policies has no effect on bilateral trade flows. Moreover results do not appear to be conditional on the level of development of the countries trading or on the characteristics of exported goods (manufactured goods and primary commodities)
Adamopoulos, Dionysios. "Environmental determinants of arterial stiffness and wave reflection: pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209744.
Pełny tekst źródłaStudy 1: Effects of cold exposure on central and peripheral vascular tone. Our first study explored the effects of cold exposure on aortic stiffness and peripheral microvascular tone. We observed that cold exposure, in addition to its chronotropic effects, provoked an increase in aortic stiffness, as assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity, as well as significant vasoconstriction of peripheral arterioles in the microcirculation. Moreover, we explored the magnitude of this effect in a different population (Black subjects of African origin), which is traditionally characterized by exaggerated reactions to adrenergic stimuli. We noted that the vascular reactions, in terms of both aortic stiffness and microvascular vasoconstriction, were more profound in Black Africans than in age-matched Caucasian-Whites. These results argue for a direct effect of cold exposure on arterial stiffness and peripheral vascular tone, probably through activation of the orthosympathetic system.
Study 2: Exposure to ambient particulate matter and arterial stiffness. We explored the effects of acute exposure to outdoor particulate matter on aortic stiffness and aortic wave reflection. We studied the relationship between central hemodynamic parameters and ambient concentration of particulate matter in a population of patients who attended the Hypertension Clinics of Athens University. After statistical correction for a number of potential confounders, we did not observe an association between ambient concentrations of particulate matter and aortic stiffness. However, in men, particulate matter concentration was related to the amplitude of the reflected wave reaching the aorta from the periphery. These results suggest a direct acute interaction between particulate matter concentration and vascular tone, leading to an enhanced arterial wave reflection.
Study 3: The role of nicotine on the vascular effects of environmental tobacco smoke. Environmental tobacco smoke is considered as the most important source of particulate matter in the indoor environment. We recently demonstrated that exposure to tobacco smoke augmented wave reflection, an effect that was not seen after equivalent exposure to the smoke of non-tobacco, herbal cigarettes. We also noticed that the increased wave reflection was proportional to the plasma concentrations of nicotine. However, a direct causal effect between nicotine, arterial wave reflection and aortic stiffness has never been clearly demonstrated. We observed that increasing nicotine plasma concentration to levels comparable to those seen after extensive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, provoked an increase in both aortic stiffness and arterial wave reflection after correction for heart rate and blood pressure changes. These results confirm the significant participation of nicotine in the vascular effects of passive smoking.
Conclusions. Globally, our results reveal the deleterious effects of cold, particulate matter exposure, and nicotinic stimulation on arterial stiffness, peripheral microcirculation and aortic wave reflection. The hemodynamic modifications associated with these effects may at least partially explain the causal relation between cold exposure, ambient air pollution and cardiovascular mortality.
Introduction-Objectifs. Le système cardiovasculaire est en relation directe et constante avec l’environnement. L’exposition au froid, la pollution atmosphérique et le tabagisme passif sont associés à des événements cardiovasculaires aigus graves et même fatals. La rigidification des artères et l’intensification de la réflexion de l’onde de pouls au niveau de l’aorte accompagnent le vieillissement et prédisent un risque cardiovasculaire accru. Nous avons testés l’hypothèse que les effets cardiovasculaires délétères des facteurs environnementaux comportent une altération des propriétés élastiques artérielles. Ceci pourrait être un des mécanismes physiopathologiques qui lie la mortalité cardiovasculaire aux variables environnementales.
Étude 1 :Exposition au froid ;effets centraux et périphériques. Notre première étude portait sur l’effet de l’exposition au froid sur la rigidité aortique et le tonus vasculaire des artérioles périphériques. Nous avons démontré que l’exposition au froid, hormis ses effets chronotropes, provoquait une augmentation de la rigidité artérielle – mesuré par la vitesse de l’onde de pouls au niveau de l’aorte - ainsi qu’une vasoconstriction importante au niveau des artérioles de la microcirculation. Nous avons ensuite déterminé l’amplitude de cet effet dans une autre population (sujets Africains-Noirs) qui se caractérise par des réactions plus prononcées aux différentes stimulations adrénergiques. Nous avons observé que les réactions vasculaires, tant au niveau de la rigidité aortique qu’au niveau de la microcirculation, étaient plus marquées chez les Africains-Noirs que chez les Caucasiens. Ces résultats révèlent un effet délétère de l’exposition au froid sur la rigidité aortique et le tonus vasculaire des artères périphériques, probablement via une activation du système orthosympathique.
Étude 2 :Exposition aux microparticules atmosphériques et rigidité artérielle. Nous avons ensuite investigué les effets de la pollution atmosphérique sur la rigidité artérielle et la réflexion de l’onde de pouls vers l’aorte. Nous avons étudié la relation entre les paramètres hémodynamiques centraux et la concentration atmosphérique de microparticules dans une population de patients qui ont consulté la Clinique Universitaire d’Hypertension Artérielle d’Athènes. Après correction statistique pour les facteurs confondants, nous n’avons pas observé de corrélation entre la rigidité artérielle et le taux de microparticules atmosphériques dans l’ensemble de la population investiguée. Par contre, si on restreint l’analyse aux résultats obtenus chez les sujets masculins, on s’aperçoit que la concentration atmosphérique de microparticules était associée de façon significative avec l’amplitude de l’onde réfléchie par la périphérie vers l’aorte et la pression pulsée aortique. Ces résultants suggèrent un effet direct des microparticules au niveau de la microcirculation. L’augmentation de l’amplitude de l’onde réfléchie consécutive à une vasoconstriction périphérique, modifie vraisemblablement les pressions au niveau de l’aorte chez le sujet masculin lors de pics de pollution.
Etude 3 :Le rôle de la nicotine dans les effets vasculaires du tabagisme passif. Le tabagisme passif est considéré comme la source la plus importante d’émission de microparticules au niveau domestique. Cependant, la composition chimique des particules semble jouer un rôle essentiel sur les ondes de réflexion. Nous avons démontré récemment que l’exposition passive à la fumée des cigarettes du tabac augmente l’intensité de la réflexion de l’onde de pouls. Ceci n’a pas été observé avec l’exposition à la fumée des cigarettes non tabagiques, en dépit d’une concentration ambiante tout à fait comparable de microparticules. Par ailleurs, nous avons observé que l’augmentation de l’incidence de l’onde de pouls au niveau de l’aorte était fortement associée à la concentration plasmatique de la nicotine. Un lien causal entre la nicotine, réflexion de l’onde de pouls et rigidité artérielle n’avait jamais clairement été établi. Nous avons testé cette hypothèse en administrant la nicotine pure chez des sujets sains. Nous avons observé que l’augmentation des taux plasmatiques de la nicotine à des valeurs comparables à celles qui surviennent après une exposition intensive au tabagisme passif, intensifiait la réflexion de l’onde de pouls et augmentait la rigidité artérielle. La correction statistique pour l’augmentation de la fréquence cardiaque et l’augmentation de la pression artérielle en réponse à la nicotine ne modifiait pas ces conclusions. Nos résultats démontrent ainsi les effets cardiovasculaires importants de faibles concentrations de nicotine, similaires à ceux qui sont atteints en cas d’exposition à un tabagisme passif.
Conclusions. Nos résultats révèlent les effets néfastes de l’exposition au froid et aux microparticules atmosphériques sur la rigidité artérielle, la microcirculation périphérique et la réflexion de l’onde de pouls. Nous avons pu également démontrer le rôle de la stimulation nicotinique dans les effets vasculaires aigus du tabagisme passif, comme en témoigne l’augmentation de la réflexion de l’onde de pouls au niveau aortique. Ces modifications hémodynamiques favorisent l’ischémie myocardique, et constituent un des mécanismes par lesquels l’exposition au froid et à la pollution atmosphérique favorisent la pathologie cardiovasculaire.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
De, Faria Luciano. "Airflow in the urban environment : an evaluation of the relationship between urban aspect ratios and patterns of airflow, wind velocity and direction in urban areas, and coefficient of pressure distribution on building envelopes". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/45307/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoly, Mohamed. "Essays on foreign aid, political cycles and environmental degradation". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD014.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe observed effects of climate change over the last decades highlight the urgency of mobilizing enough resources to slow it down and mitigate its effects. In the case of developing countries, some suggest that development aid has an important role to play. However, the political ambitions of decision-makers should not be in competition with environmental ones. This thesis examines the existing links between foreign aid, political cycles and environmental degradation, through three empirical chapters. Chapter 2 studies the link between foreign aid and CO2 mitigation in 112 developing countries. It shows that the effect of aid depends on the donor, with multilateral aid more likely to reduce pollution than bilateral aid for which there is no effect. Nevertheless, a bilateral aid specifically targeted toward environment contributes to decrease the level of pollution. This later impact is non-linear, a pollution-reducing effect is only observed for important amounts of environmental bilateral aid. Chapter 3 studies the factors associated with environmental bilateral aid to recipient countries over the 1990-2013 period. The objective is to assess whether the environmental bilateral aid is motivated by non-environmental factors such as donors’ economic and political interests. Three kind of variables that might influence environmental aid allocation are examined: the environmental and non-environmental needs and merits of recipient countries, and the economic and political interests of donors. Environmental needs and merits variables include vulnerability to extreme climate events and the stringency of climate policy. The results show that while vulnerability to climate change seems to be a key determinant of environmental aid, its allocation is poorly linked to recipients’ climate mitigation policies. It finds weak evidence of association between donors’ interest variables and environmental aid on average. However, an heterogeneity analysis allows to go deeper into all the relations above, and unveils that some donors are more sensitive to environmental variables, while others rather seem focused on their economic and political interests. Chapter 4 explores how elections impact climate change policy and environmental degradation, using a sample of 76 democratic countries from 1990 to 2014. The findings indicate election years are characterized by an increase in CO2 emissions, even though the effect weakens over the recent years. It also reveals that this effect is present only in established democracies, where incumbents engage in fiscal manipulation through the composition of public spending rather than its level. Higher freedom of the press and high environmental preferences from citizens reduce the size of this “political pollution cycle”
Scott, Lindsay G. "Seasonal and Spatial Influences on Soil Properties, Microbial Composition and Function in a Mixed Mesophytic Forest". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276702979.
Pełny tekst źródłaCASTRO, Lourivaldo Amancio de. "Avaliação da Paisagem da Gleba Cavalcante, no município de Nova Xavantina (Mato Grosso), utilizando a análise da paisagem multitemporal". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/353.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe analysis of the transformation of natural landscape of a specific place that permits the identification of areas more critical about the level of degradation, inadequacy of the use of the land and potential conflicts of use in relation to the environmental legislation. It is extremely relevant to the establishment of measures for management and use of conservation of land. The aim of this work is to analyze the landscape of the Cavalcante village, from the changing patterns of land use based on the timeline performed by the GIS, digital classification of satellite images and thematic maps. The results of this work indicated that in the periods analyzed (1990, 2000, 2010 and 2011) there was a gradual process of transformation of the natural landscape, dominated by native vegetation in pastoral systems in an estimated value of 361.6 hectares. The analysis of the slope shows an irregular relief ranging from 0 to> 35% classified as flat to undulating strong. It was verified that all land use is on plain areas to smooth undulation in the classes of 0-6% slope. It was observed three classes of soils: a Red-Yellow Latosol dystrophic Glei Slightly Damp and Litholic Neosols. The relationship with the land use with the land showed the largest use over the class Glei Slightly Damp about 80% of the total. Irregular situations with respect to legislation and the environmental protection were detected in the area. Since in the most part of the PPAs along the waterways the use and land cover are inadequate, about the Forest Code, prevailing in these pastures. The area of the Cavalcante village had four classes of potential Environment Fragility (Very High, High and Medium) and the class of fragility most representative in the area was the Very High with 76% of the total. The analysis in relation to the classes of Emerging Environment Fragility to the Cavalcante village showed that the area has also four emerging classes (Very High, High and Medium) with one class more representative, Very High with 75,6%. The use of GIS and computational tools, combined with the qualitative analysis of the images, the generation and interpretation of thematic maps, field work and the choice of associated parameters with the methodologies used that facilitated the perception of how was the use and occupation of land in the area. The results show that the main uses of the land in the Cavalcante Village are for livestock, which conflicts with the laws and lack of environmental policies and technical knowledge to choose the type of use according to the suitability of the land. This situation reaffirms the need to perform other works and proposing actions for a better use of the land and adaptation to the Environmental Laws.
A análise da transformação da paisagem natural permite a identificação de áreas mais críticas quanto ao nível de degradação, inadequabilidade do uso da terra e possíveis conflitos deste uso em relação à legislação ambiental, sendo assim extremamente relevante para o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo e uso conservacionista da terra. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de analisar a paisagem da Gleba Cavalcante, a partir da evolução dos padrões de uso da terra com base no monitoramento espaço-temporal realizado por meio do geoprocessamento, classificação digital de imagens de satélite e elaboração de mapas temáticos. Durante os resultados períodos analisados (1990, 2000, 2010 e 2011) houve aumento gradativo na transformação da vegetação nativa em sistemas Agropastoris em um valor estimado de 361,6 hectares ou 28,16%. O relevo da área é irregular variando de 0 a >35%, sendo classificado como plano a forte ondulado. Todo uso da terra se encontra sobre áreas planas à suave ondulada, em áreas com declividade de 0-6%. Foram observadas três classes de solos: Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico Glei Pouco Húmico e Neossolos Litólicos. O uso da terra se concentrou na classe Glei Pouco Húmico, com cerca de 80% do total. Situações irregulares com relação à legislação e a preservação ambiental foram detectadas na área. Na maior parte das Após, ao longo dos cursos d água, o uso e cobertura da terra estão inadequados em relação o Código Florestal, predominando nestas as pastagens. A área da Gleba Cavalcante apresentou três classes de Fragilidade Ambiental Potencial (Muito Alta, Alta e Média) sendo que a classe de fragilidade mais representativa na área foi Muito Alta com 76% do total. Em relação às classes de Fragilidade Ambiental Emergente, foram detectadas três classes (Muito Alta, Alta e Média), com maior representatividade da classe Muito Alta com 75,6%. Os resultados mostram que os principais usos da terra na Gleba Cavalcante são para fins de pecuária, que existem conflitos em relação às leis ambientais e falta de políticas e conhecimento técnico para a escolha do tipo de uso em relação à aptidão da terra.
Tran, Nam-Quoc. "Essays on environmental performance and productivity of firms : applications to Vietnamese SMEs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB014.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims to examine the impacts of environmental performance on economic performance of firms which apply to Vietnamese SMEs. In addition, this thesis also develops a theoretical model of tax on firm’s emissions, bribery, and political connection. Chapter 2 examines the synergy effects of environmental compliance, innovation, and export activities on firm TFP. This study finds that the synergy of environmental compliance and product innovation is complementary in explaining firm’s TFP. In addition, the impact of the synergy of export activities and environmental compliance may be influenced by innovation. Chapter 3 presents the impact of these synergies on firm’s survivability. This work reveals that the synergy between environmental compliance and export activities is complementary in enhancing firm survival. The latter may be also affected by separated environmental compliance. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of environmental compliance on firm’s productivity convergence. Its findings indicate that environmental compliance may not directly affect this convergence. This impact may become to be significant if this compliance is accompanied by innovation. Finally, in Chapter 5, we develop a theoretical model of the relationship between emission tax, emissions and willingness to commit bribery and to maintain political connection of firms. The result points out that firm’s political connection canaffect emission tax efficiency. Furthermore, the impacts of tax on bribery and political connection are non-monotonous, depending upon the nature of audit and penalty mechanism, sensitivity of firm’s profit and political connection costs