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1
Whelan, James M., i n/a. "Education and Training For Effective Environmental Advocacy". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040526.140105.
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Research on environmental advocacy has tended to focus on outcomes and achievements rather than the processes through which these are achieved. In addition, minimal research has attended in detail to the complexity of environmental advocacy, or explored measures to through which to enhance advocates prospects of success. The environment movement itself has given scarce attention to promoting the skills, abilities and predispositions that contribute to effective advocacy. Indeed, most environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs) in Australia appear to believe that scientific or expert knowledge will be sufficient to influence environmental decision-makers and consequently provide minimal training or education to enhance advocacy. This thesis is a response to these problems. It seeks to develop an understanding of, and model for, activist education and training in the Australian environment movement. The two main bodies of literature that inform the study are social movement and adult education literature. The former provides the context for the study. Social movement theorists present various explanations of how and why environmental activists work for change. These theorists also discuss the organisational structures and modes of operation typically adopted by activists. The second body of literature is utilised in this thesis to provide a synthesis of relevant educational orientations, traditions and practices. Popular, experiential and adult environmental education offer promising strategies for advocacy organisations that seek to enhance activists skills and abilities. The research questions posed in this study lie at the convergence of these two bodies of literature. Two empirical studies were undertaken during this inquiry. The first was conducted with the Queensland Conservation Council, an environmental advocacy organisation where the researcher was employed for five years. The study drew on methods and techniques associated with ethnography and action research to identify, implement and evaluate a range of interventions which aimed to educate and train advocates. Three cycles of inquiry generated useful insights into environmental advocacy and identified useful strategies through which advocacy may be enhanced. The second study, a case study based on interviews and observation, explored the Heart Politics movement. The ethnographic research methods utilised in this case study resulted in a rich description and critical appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of Heart Politics gatherings as activist education. These two studies contributed to the development of a grounded and endogenous theory of education and training for environmental advocacy. This theory is based on a set of observations concerning the provision of activist education: (1) that most activist learning occurs informally and unintentionally through participation in social action such as environmental campaigns; (2) that this learning can be assessed according to a five-category framework and tends to favour specific categories including the development of social action and organisational development skills rather than alternative categories such as political analysis and personal development; (3) that this informal learning can be harnessed and enhanced through strategies which situate learning in the context of action and promote heightened awareness of the learning dimension of social action; and (4) that a key obstacle to education and training in the environment movement is a conspicuous lack of professional development or support for the people involved in facilitating and coordinating activist education activities and programs. These people are often volunteers and infrequently possess qualifications as educators or facilitators but are more likely to be seasoned activists. They tend to work in isolation as activist education activities are sporadic, geographically diffuse and ad hoc. These observations along with other insights acquired through participatory action research and ethnographic inquiry led to a set of conclusions, some of which have already been implemented or initiated during the course of this study. The first conclusion is that strategies to promote the professional development of activist educators may benefit from the development of texts tailored to the tactical orientations and political and other circumstances of Australian environmental advocacy groups. Texts, alone, are considered an inadequate response. The study also concludes that informal networks, formal and informal courses and other strategies to assist collaboration and peer learning among activist educators offer considerable benefits. Other conclusions pertain to the benefits of collaborating with adult educators and tertiary institutions, and professionals, to the relative merits of activist workshops and other forms of delivery, to the opportunities for activist training presented by regular environment movement gatherings and conferences and to the significant merits of promoting and supporting mentorship relationships between novice and experienced activists.
2
Schenck, William. "Emerald City| Environmental Advocacy through Experiential Design". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590882.
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This thesis documents the research and development behind a proposed exhibition advocating for the principles of sustainable urbanism to young adults. Emerald City interprets Philadelphia as an evolving system of infrastructure and traces its relationship to the natural environment from the Industrial Age to the present, followed by an exploration of the city’s possible future through the lens of current proposals of sustainable development.
3
Whelan, James M. "Education and Training For Effective Environmental Advocacy". Thesis, Griffith University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365775.
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Research on environmental advocacy has tended to focus on outcomes and achievements rather than the processes through which these are achieved. In addition, minimal research has attended in detail to the complexity of environmental advocacy, or explored measures to through which to enhance advocates’ prospects of success. The environment movement itself has given scarce attention to promoting the skills, abilities and predispositions that contribute to effective advocacy. Indeed, most environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs) in Australia appear to believe that scientific or expert knowledge will be sufficient to influence environmental decision-makers and consequently provide minimal training or education to enhance advocacy. This thesis is a response to these problems. It seeks to develop an understanding of, and model for, activist education and training in the Australian environment movement. The two main bodies of literature that inform the study are social movement and adult education literature. The former provides the context for the study. Social movement theorists present various explanations of how and why environmental activists work for change. These theorists also discuss the organisational structures and modes of operation typically adopted by activists. The second body of literature is utilised in this thesis to provide a synthesis of relevant educational orientations, traditions and practices. Popular, experiential and adult environmental education offer promising strategies for advocacy organisations that seek to enhance activists’ skills and abilities. The research questions posed in this study lie at the convergence of these two bodies of literature. Two empirical studies were undertaken during this inquiry. The first was conducted with the Queensland Conservation Council, an environmental advocacy organisation where the researcher was employed for five years. The study drew on methods and techniques associated with ethnography and action research to identify, implement and evaluate a range of interventions which aimed to educate and train advocates. Three cycles of inquiry generated useful insights into environmental advocacy and identified useful strategies through which advocacy may be enhanced. The second study, a case study based on interviews and observation, explored the Heart Politics movement. The ethnographic research methods utilised in this case study resulted in a rich description and critical appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of Heart Politics gatherings as activist education. These two studies contributed to the development of a grounded and endogenous theory of education and training for environmental advocacy. This theory is based on a set of observations concerning the provision of activist education: (1) that most activist learning occurs informally and unintentionally through participation in social action such as environmental campaigns; (2) that this learning can be assessed according to a five-category framework and tends to favour specific categories including the development of social action and organisational development skills rather than alternative categories such as political analysis and personal development; (3) that this informal learning can be harnessed and enhanced through strategies which situate learning in the context of action and promote heightened awareness of the learning dimension of social action; and (4) that a key obstacle to education and training in the environment movement is a conspicuous lack of professional development or support for the people involved in facilitating and coordinating activist education activities and programs. These people are often volunteers and infrequently possess qualifications as educators or facilitators but are more likely to be seasoned activists. They tend to work in isolation as activist education activities are sporadic, geographically diffuse and ad hoc. These observations along with other insights acquired through participatory action research and ethnographic inquiry led to a set of conclusions, some of which have already been implemented or initiated during the course of this study. The first conclusion is that strategies to promote the professional development of activist educators may benefit from the development of texts tailored to the tactical orientations and political and other circumstances of Australian environmental advocacy groups. Texts, alone, are considered an inadequate response. The study also concludes that informal networks, formal and informal courses and other strategies to assist collaboration and peer learning among activist educators offer considerable benefits. Other conclusions pertain to the benefits of collaborating with adult educators and tertiary institutions, and professionals, to the relative merits of activist workshops and other forms of delivery, to the opportunities for activist training presented by regular environment movement gatherings and conferences and to the significant merits of promoting and supporting mentorship relationships between novice and experienced activists.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
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Frame, Laura N. "Georgia Environmental Advocacy Groups Health Education Needs Assessment". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/218.
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Georgia State University’s Institute of Public Health along with the Georgia Department of Public Health’s Chemical Hazards Program conducted a needs assessment survey to learn more about the concerns of environmental advocates and other community leaders in Georgia regarding exposure to toxic chemicals. The purpose of the Georgia Environmental Advocacy Groups Health Education Needs Assessment was to better understand community concerns, to identify hazardous waste sites that might warrant some degree of public health evaluation, to find community leaders and personnel interested in assisting the Chemical Hazards Program in implementing public health interventions, to inform the community about the services offered to the public by the Georgia Department of Public Health and to better understand the best methods for distributing health education material. This is the first time the Chemical Hazards Program has conducted an environmental advocacy group leader needs assessment. The results of this pilot study will help the development of future needs assessments conducted by the CHP.
Survey development began in August of 2011 and Georgia State University Institutional Review Board approval was granted January 2012. Participants were selected due to their current leadership role of a Georgia environmental advocacy group/organization. Contact information was found for 137 environmental group leaders. Depending on available contact information, potential participants either received the survey through the mail or electronically via email. Surveys were distributed on January 13, 2012 and had to be returned by February 20, 2012.
Twenty-one Georgia environmental advocacy group leaders participated in the survey. A majority of participants cited protect/restore natural habitats as the main purpose of their organization, but the survey did reveal 10 environmental groups that focused on protecting human health. Seven of participants that were dedicated to protecting human health expressed interest in working further with the GDPH to develop or implement public health interventions. The survey was also successful in informing participants about the Chemical Hazards Program. Prior to the needs assessment, more than 80% of participants were not aware of the program. Many pertinent suggestions were also made to aid in the development of the brochure aimed at educating community members about the services offered by the CHP.
Although a variety of environmental health concerns were cited by the participants, water quality was most often mentioned. More participants reported they were very concerned about drinking water than any other environment. Ninety percent also reported being either concerned or very concerned about contamination in oceans, lakes and streams. A section of the survey also addressed hazards found within the home, unclean drinking water was selected by far the most often as being of greatest concern compared to all other indoor hazards. Many participants listed specific waste or industrial sites that are of concern among members of their community as a source of contaminants. A few contaminated environments were also listed including specific rivers and lakes. Though many did not list specific sources, the majority of participants cited water contamination as being a chemical contamination issue that has the greatest impact on human health.
The survey helped reveal specific community concerns regarding potential chemical contaminants and sites that may lead to the CHP conducting public health assessments/consultations and exposure investigations. The survey also revealed the need for general environmental health education and intervention activities based on concerns of the participants as well as the lack of concern by many. The survey was also successful in identifying individuals that may help the CHP gain future partnerships and identifying creative methods for distributing health education material. The CHP plans to follow-up with many of the participants and the survey will be further developed and used to survey other leaders, community members, and public health workers etc. to further investigate the needs and concerns of communities across Georgia.
5
Mitten, Lauren. "Phthalates: Science, Advocacy, and Biomonitoring". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/614.
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Phthalates are a class of ubiquitous environmental contaminants that cause health problems including reproductive disorders, asthma, and obesity. Advocacy against phthalates has been taking place in the US since the mid-1990s, and eight in-depth interviews were conducted with advocates and scientists in order to construct a history of this advocacy. There have been a variety of campaigns and victories; those around medical devices, children’s products, and personal care products are examined in detail. Phthalate exposure data for a representative sample of the US population indicates that exposure to DEP, DEHP, DnBP, and BBzP went down between 1999 and 2010. As these were the phthalates that had the largest volume of advocacy during the period researched, this decrease suggests that advocacy around specific phthalates is effective in reducing exposure and that more advocacy around phthalates, and potentially other harmful chemicals, could result in further decreased exposure and improved health in the US population. Additional research using more finely graded biomonitoring data would help deepen understanding about correlations between advocacy and phthalate exposure. In reviewing the health effects of phthalates, it was found that a disproportionate amount of the research is on male reproductive health effects, which is partially responsible for the fact that a disproportionate amount of phthalate advocacy is on heath effects relating to men, particularly male babies. Both phthalate science and advocacy sometimes treat women instrumentally, objectifying them or regarding them as incubators. To combat this, scientists could do more research on the health effects of phthalates on women and advocates could take more care not to neglect or instrumentalize women in their efforts to reduce phthalate exposure for all people.
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Lee, Tsz Ngong. "Advocacy of environmental education in education journals in the 1970s /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Field, Patrick. "How green is green? : Conflict and collaboration among environmental advocacy groups". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66361.
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Mulcahy, Bill (William James) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Environmental advocacy; a case study of interest group behaviour in Ontario". Ottawa, 1991.
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Hoffman, Tera L. 1968. "The development and initial validation of the Environmental Justice Advocacy Scale". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11159.
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xv, 177 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.The purpose of this dissertation was to develop and conduct initial validation procedures for the Environmental Justice Advocacy Scale (EJAS). Environmental justice refers to the equitable distribution of environmental risks and benefits across diverse groups in terms of the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws and regulations. Environmental justice advocacy involves efforts to organize communities and collaborate with policymakers to prevent or remediate environmental injustice. The findings of three studies are presented and describe reliability, concurrent and discriminant validity, and internal structural validity analyses. A national sample of graduate students, practitioners, and faculty in the specialties of counseling psychology, counseling, and social work were surveyed ( n = 43, n = 294, and n = 295, respectively). Study 1 addresses initial scale development procedures that resulted in a 47-item measure. In Study 2, an exploratory factor analysis suggested a three-factor structure (Attitudes, Knowledge, and Skills) with excellent reliability and strong concurrent and discriminant validity. The results indicated that two of the subscales were correlated ( r = .16 and r = .1 6, p < .01) with a measure of social desirability. In Study 3, a confirmatory factor analysis failed to replicate the three-factor model. However, four factors (Attitudes, Knowledge-General Environmental Justice, Knowledge-Psychological and Physical Health Environmental Justice, and Skills) explained a statistically significant amount of variance in question items. Suggestions for modification of the measure and recommendations for future research, training, and practice related to environmental justice advocacy for mental health professionals are provided.
Committee in charge: Ellen McWhirter, Chairperson, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Benedict McWhirter, Member, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; Keith Zvoch, Member, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Michael Dreiling, Outside Member, Sociology
10
Porter, Martin Howard Andrew. "Interest groups, advocacy coalitions and the EC enviromental policy process". Thesis, University of Bath, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319714.
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Razee, Alan Dean. "Landscapes of argument : experiencing rhetoric in the environmental advocacy of the Colorado Plateau /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8257.
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Donadelli, Flavia. "Reaping the seeds of discord : advocacy coalitions and changes in Brazilian environmental regulation". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3500/.
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This is a thesis about the main drivers of regulatory change. Departing from theoretical approaches focused on the ‘policy process’ – such as the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) and the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) – this work investigates the main reasons behind the marked changes that occurred in the regulation of three Brazilian environmental policy areas between 2005 and 2015. The policy areas under investigation are Forestry, in particular the approval of a new Forest Code in 2012; Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing, specifically the new 2015 law on the topic (Lei 13.123/2015); and Pesticides, in particular, regulatory changes concerning the registration and use of new products. In order to assess the reasons for regulatory change in these three areas, this thesis qualifies the latest version of the Advocacy Coalition Framework's explanation for policy change as developed by Weible and Nohrstedt (2013). The thesis explores the role of the four causal factors advanced in the ACF – external events, internal events, learning and negotiated agreement – and assesses them in relation to the three case studies. It does so through process-tracing of each sector’s history and content analysis of arguments proffered in National Congress debates, interviews with key actors and in the national media. The findings of this thesis qualify the ACF expectations regarding policy change and suggest that events external and internal to the policy areas analysed might be sufficient sources of regulatory change. Negotiated agreement and learning were not necessary sources of regulatory change in two of the three cases investigated. Among the external events identified as relevant for the regulatory changes are the increased relevance of commodity production and export between 2008 and 2013 and the consequent increase in the political and economic power of the agribusiness sector. The main internal events identified point to the importance of the beginning of the enforcement of previously non-enforced regulations; the limits of the state’s capacity to enforce previous regulations; international negotiations; and media scandals. Finally, incentives generated by international negotiations were found to be crucial determinants of negotiated agreement and learning between coalitions, in the only case in which these occurred (Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing).
13
Armbruster, Karla M. "Speaking for nature : the politics and practice of environmental advocacy in American literature and culture". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282740403.
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Rochester, Rachel. "Postcolonial Cli-Fi: Advocacy and the Novel Form in the Anthropocene". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23736.
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Through the filters of postcolonial theory, environmental humanities, and digital humanities, this project considers the capabilities and limitations of novels to galvanize action in response to environmental crises. My findings suggest that novels are well equipped to engage in environmental education, although some of the form’s conventions must be disrupted to fully capitalize upon its strengths. The modern novel is conventionally limited in scope, often resorts to apocalyptic narratives that can breed hopelessness, is dedicated to a form of realism that belies the dramatic weather events exacerbated by climate change, defers authority to a single voice, and is logocentric. By supplementing conventional novels with a variety of paratexts, including digital tools, scientific findings, non-fiction accounts of past, present, and future activism, and authorial biography, it is my contention that the novel’s potency as a pedagogical tool increases.
After addressing this project’s stakes and contexts in my Introduction, Chapter II assesses three South Asian novels in English that are concerned with sustainable development: Bhabani Bhattacharya’s Shadow from Ladakh, Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine, and Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger. I conclude by considering how StoryMaps might further disrupt pro-sustainable development propaganda alongside more traditional novels. Chapter III examines how explicitly activist South Asian novelists construct authorial personae that propose additional solutions to the environmental problems identified in their novels, focusing on Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide and Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People. Chapter IV coins the term “locus-colonial novel,” a novel that decenters the human, situating place at the fulcrum of a work of historical fiction, using Hari Kunzru’s Gods without Men as one exemplar. I examine Kunzru’s novel alongside promotional materials for planned Mars missions to consider how narratives of colonialism on Earth might lead to a more socially and environmentally sustainable colonial model for Mars. Chapter V introduces the concept of a digital locus-colonial novel that allows users to develop informed, environmentally focused scenarios for colonial Mars. Through these chapters, this dissertation identifies specific rhetorical techniques that allow conscientious novels to create imaginative spaces where readers might explore solutions to the social, economic, and increasingly environmental problems facing human populations worldwide.
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Haque, Ashfara. "The role of a newspaper in an advocacy campaign to save Dhaka’s rivers in Bangladesh". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1716.
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Four major rivers that flow around Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, are threatened by human activities that have caused them to seriously decline. This situation has become a significant concern for both Dhaka’s inhabitants and for environmentalists. River-related issues have become controversial and contentious, and have started to receive public attention. Nowadays the newspapers of Bangladesh frequently cover river issues, including the protection of rivers. The Daily Star, the leading national English-language newspaper of Bangladesh, has in the last few years advocated for tougher actions against river grabbing, encroaching, waste dumping and sand filling. In extending the range of its coverage on river-related issues, The Daily Star employed a shift from environmental journalism to a wider-ranging environmental media advocacy campaign. On 1 June 2009 the newspaper formally launched a media campaign called “Nodi Banchao Dhaka Banchao” (“Save Rivers, Save Dhaka”), aiming to raise public awareness and influence the government’s policy-making. It has been more than five years since this campaign began. In response to the campaign, the government of Bangladesh became concerned and has started a number of initiatives, but, in reality, there has been no major change in the condition of the rivers. The attempts by The Daily Star to advocate for protecting rivers drew public attention and also mobilised public opinion. This research discusses the role of a newspaper in raising public awareness through an advocacy campaign. Through this campaign, the newspaper became a platform for the government, environmental pressure groups and activists to engage with the public to work together to save Dhaka’s major rivers. This ongoing media advocacy campaign provides a unique case study. Applying the method of content analysis, this research takes a closer look at The Daily Star’s “Save Rivers, Save Dhaka” campaign, and also attempts to understand public perception of the effectiveness of this media-driven environmental advocacy precedent.
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Glass, Kelly E. A. ""I speak for the trees"| An exploration of environmental advocacy and speaker credibility in Dr. Seuss' "The Lorax"". Thesis, San Jose State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560822.
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Over the years, growing concerns for the environment have increased discourse regarding the problems and solutions to environmental crises. Messages in popular culture have implications for public perceptions of the environment and, as a result, impact how we interact with and understand our natural surroundings. While we understand the impact of rhetorical strategies in a general sense, research is needed when exploring how speaker credibility influences environmental messages.
This thesis explores two concepts: how credibility impacts environmental messages and the concept of speaking for the environment. I explore these concepts through a media-centered rhetorical criticism of the film, The Lorax (2012). I analyze seven selected scenes, drawing on McCroskey’s (1966) scale of ethos and Spangle and Knapp’s (1996) study of tactics and appeals. The analysis reveals several tactics used by the two main characters, the Lorax and Once-ler, to establish their credibility. How the Lorax and Once-ler establish or fail to establish credibility impacts the future state of the environment. Ethos is a key communication concept in speaking for the environment, as the way we speak and represent the environment has consequences for how we interact with the natural world.
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Kim, Young Ho. "When do NGOs make differences in world politics? : an analysis of the U.S. NGO policy advocacy for international environmental treaties /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50265574.html.
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Norris, Katheryn Malcolm. "Born To Be Wild: Tiger Persecution and Advocacy From 1800 to the Present". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33398.
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The tiger (Panthera tigris) was once abundant in many of Asia’s forests. The entire species now hovers dangerously close to extinction. Population declines within the last two centuries are blamed largely on loss of habitat, reductions in prey species, poaching, and human-tiger conflict. Modern tiger conservation efforts focus on reintroducing formerly captive tigers to designated protected wild areas.
Re-wilding and reintroduction programs teach survival skills to tiger cubs raised in zoo collections. Merging in situ and ex situ research collaborations is the twenty-first century’s interdisciplinary answer to the tiger’s plight in the wild. The zoo is viewed in terms of its role as an institution that represents societal values that shift in concurrence with shifting paradigms.
This thesis studies the human-tiger relationship and analyzes three defining periods that occurred between 1800 and the present. The first period occurred during the nineteenth century, the second took place from the early through the late twentieth century and the third picked up where the second left off and is the one we are presently engaged in. The tiger is investigated in two different ways throughout â for its importance in human history and culture conceptually, and in the biological sense in terms of its importance as umbrella species within its own ecosystem.Master of Science
19
Brown, Bobbie. "Influences and Experiences of City Council Members on Environmental Policy Decision Making". ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/53.
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Ineffective environmental policies pose a problem for municipalities as they strive to create sustainable communities. Improving these policies may establish standard practices that assist municipalities in meeting related environmental goals. Statistics show the municipalities within this study operate at different levels of goal achievement. Little is known, however, about the influences that directly affect the development of environmental policies. The purpose of this study was to determine the ways in which public officials address environmental issues and the factors considered in policy discussions that lead to their decisions. The theoretical framework comprised Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's advocacy coalition and Arrow's rational choice theory. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of city council members within a region of 10 cities in southern California. Interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 5 city council members from 4 adjoining cities, 1 city staff member, and 1 agency representative with knowledge of all 10 cities. Data were analyzed with 3 cycles of coding to identify themes and patterns. Emergent themes included meeting community needs, educating the public, being fiscally responsible, and "doing the right thing." Participants recognized the effect of their personal influences and biases, particularly religious beliefs, on environmental policy decisions, although political affiliation appeared to be unrelated to these biases. The implications for positive social change include informing and educating both public officials and community members about regional environmental issues and their related community needs and goals.
20
Widing, Elsa, i Ruqiyo Ahmed. "The influence of Covid-19 on Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations operations". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448013.
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This thesis aims to address the research gap in the ENGO literature of how the present Covid-19 pandemic has influenced ENGOs operations. Further, it seeks to explore whether these changes are experienced as an opportunity or a challenge. Additionally, the thesis explores what lessons have emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic, in relation to ENGOs operations. A qualitative case study methodology is chosen. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. The findings present how ENGOs operations have been influenced, which mainly includes the shift of activities from physical to virtual platforms. Moreover, the different opportunities and challenges are discussed. The findings indicate that virtual interactions are not always equivalent to physical. Finally, the lessons: striving for agreen recovery, opportunities of virtual work, the importance of resilience and the link between health of the people and the health of the ecosystems are discussed.
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Ekblom, Olga. "The Green Wave : How communication, advocacy andparticipation measures are included indocuments important for increase bicycling inStockholm City and Nacka Municipality". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33313.
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The world is becoming increasingly urban. This puts pressure on a number of functions within cities, not the least the transportation system. Motorized traffic is responsible for a number of negative environmental effects, such as carbon dioxide emissions and particle pollution. To halt this development an increased share of bicyclists is needed. Stockholm County is an area with rapid urbanization. Therefore, a comparative study was undertaken to analyse how Stockholm City and Nacka Municipality are including communication, advocacy and participation measures in documents important for increased bicycling. This as those measures are important to increase the number of bicyclists. The analysis was undertaken by using two typologies, a modified version of the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) to understand how the two cases include communication and advocacy measures whereas Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizens Participation was chosen to understand how participation is included in the documents. The findings suggest many similarities between the two cases but Nacka Municipality perform better with their use of social media, and the activities ”bicycle-friendly workplace” and ”winter bicycling”. From the findings three recommendations where provided: create bicycle councils to improve inclusion of bicyclists in the processes. Second, it is important to have different type of role models across the municipality, both in socio-economic strong and weak areas. And third, create dedicated outlets for bicycle issues, tentatively on a social media outlet. This will increase the status of bicycles, it will promote bicycling as a good transportation choice and it open ups channels for citizens interaction.I dagens allt mer urbaniserade värld börjar fler funktioner i staden sättas under hårt tryck, inte minst transportsektorn. Motordriven trafik är orsaken till en rad negativa miljöeffekter, så som koldioxidutsläpp och partikelföroreningar. För att stävja denna utveckling och öka framkomligheten i de allt mer fullbelagda städerna behöver andelen cyklister öka. Tre områden som är av stort intresse för att öka andelen cyklister är kommunikation, påverkan och delaktighet. Därav undersöktes dessa områden i en jämförande studie. Stockholms län är en region med kraftigt ökande befolkningsandel och där transportsektorn är särskilt ansatt. Därför valdes regionen för att genomföra en jämförande studie där Stockholms stad och Nacka kommun selekterades som studieobjekt. Detta eftersom Stockholms stad är den störta kommunen i regionen, de är många som arbetar i de centrala delarna och de finns ökande framkomlighetsproblem i kommunen. Därefter valdes Nacka kommun som jämförande kommun, baserat på differensmetoden. Stockholms stad och Nacka kommun har liknande socio-ekonomisk sammansättning och de har liknande förutsättningar vad gäller cykelmöjligheter. Utöver det har båda kommunerna egna cykelstrategier. De som skiljer kommunerna åt är att Nacka kommun under senare år har blivit prisat för sitt arbete inom cykelområdet. De tilldelades 2016 Årets Cykelprestation av Stockholms regionala cykelkansli under 2017 placerade sig Nacka kommun som nummer ett för medelstora kommuner, och fyra totalt, i Kommunvelometern presenterat av Cykelfrämjandet. I Kommunvelometern hamnar Stockholm Stad som 8 av 11 stora kommuner och på plats 16 totalt. Undersökningen gjordes genom analys av dokument som ansågs ha betydelse för cykelsatsningar inom respektive kommun. Det innefattade bland annat översiktsplaner, framkomlighetsstrategier och interna kommunikationsdokument. Analysen gjordes med hjälp av två typologier. För att se hur kommunikation och påverkan används i dokumenten användes en utveckling av typologin Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) och för att se hur delaktighets beskrevs i dokumenten användes Arnsteins delaktighetsstege. Analysen visade många likheter mellan fallen. Dock framgick det att Nacka kommun presterade bättre med sin användning av sociala medier och genom främst två aktiviteter, Cykelvänlig arbetsplats och Cykla på vintern. Från slutsatsen kunde sedan tre rekommendationer lämnas. För det första bör cyklister inkluderas tidigt i processerna genom någon from av cykelråd. Det är också viktigt att försöka skapa cykelförebilder runtom i hela kommunerna, både i socio-ekonomiska starka och svaga områden. Till sist bör cykeldedikerade kommunikationskanaler skapas, förslagsvis på sociala medier. Detta ger en plattform som ger cykling ökad status, där cykling kan främjas och det skapar inte minst en möjlighet för medborgarkommunikation.
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MacDonald, Jo-Anne Thérèse. "Priority Setting and Policy Advocacy for Community Environmental Health: A Comparative Case Study of Three Canadian Nursing Associations". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23419.
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This thesis examined factors that influence three Canadian Nursing Associations’ priority setting and policy advocacy for community environmental health (CEH). The research questions that guided the study were: (a) how do the nature and scope of nursing organizations’ engagement for CEH policies differ according to provincial and federal contexts? and (b) how do nursing organizational factors and external system factors influence the priority-setting and policy advocacy choices for CEH policy? To answer these questions I undertook a qualitative comparative case study. The research was guided by epistemological and methodological principles of interpretative description and informed by whole-systems socio-ecological theory and institutional theory. Data were collected through participant interviews (n=41) and document review. Guided by framework analysis and the use of descriptive and conceptually-oriented matrices, cases were analyzed using an iterative and inductive approach to identify case patterns. These case patterns were then compared to identify cross-cutting factors that influence the Nursing Associations’ priority setting and policy advocacy for CEH. Key findings are represented in an integrated conceptual framework. Nursing Associations’ priority setting and policy advocacy are embedded in a dynamic policy field whereby structures and institutional pressure both create opportunities and narrow the Nursing Associations’ options for engaged CEH advocacy. The findings lead to recommendations for practice, policy, and research that have relevance for the profession, nursing associations, and policy decision-makers.
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Chase, Steve. "Activist training in the academy : developing a master's program in Environmental Advocacy and Organizing at Antioch New England Graduate School /". Ann Arbor, Mich. : Pro-Quest, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1163790650.
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van, der Heijden Anna M. H. "Creating an Environmental Education Website at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1019050512.
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Jordan, Demetrice R. "Exploring the use of Geographic Information Systems as an Environmental and Social Justice Advocacy Tool for Community-Based Organizations: A Case Study of Galena Park, Texas". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/43.
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Environmental factors within communities play a significant role on the health and well-being of residents. These social and physical determinants have a substantial effect on health. This interaction can result in environmental injustices, inequality, and ultimately poor health for residents. The community of Galena Park, Texas, is a predominantly minority community of Hispanic and African-American residents with previously undocumented concerns related to air quality, the built environment, access to healthcare and the food environment. Through participatory engagement with Galena Park residents using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), this research examines the degree to which GIS is an effective tool in illustrating and visualizing environmental and social injustices. Findings from this research suggest that GIS only relays part of the story and is most powerful when the lived experiences of residents are integrated into the analytical process.
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Weinstein, David Nathan Swope. "Literary rhetoric in the environmental movement toward the advocacy of the 2009 Proposal of a Passenger Railway in Colorado /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/457044396/viewonline.
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Chase, Steve. "Activist Training in the Academy: Developing a Master's Program in Environmental Advocacy and Organizing at Antioch New England Graduate School". [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1163790650.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Antioch University New England, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 12, 2007). Advisor: Heidi Watts. "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [in] Environmental Studies at Antioch New England Graduate School 2006"--The title page. Keywords: environmental advocacy, activist training, social movements, curriculum action research, master's curriculum, environmental studies, popular education, critical pedagogy, education for citizenship. Includes bibliographical references (p. 345-357).
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Lougee, Nicholas 1972. "Who rocks the boat? Environmental organizations in the US: The effects of identities, strategies, and resources on oppositionality of political advocacy". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10529.
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xviii, 274 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Environmental organizations in the US engage in a variety of political practices in order to meet their goals. Some organizations consciously pursue more contentious and oppositional actions to match their goals, while others adopt methods that align with conventional institutional practices to achieve their goals. This variation in the terrain of the environmental movement is indicated by the behavior of the environmental organizations that it largely comprises. The following is an investigation of the factors that influence the political advocacy of a sample of environmental organizations and thus the political praxis of the environmental movement proper. By deriving concepts from a 2006 survey of a sample of organizations in the US, three conceptual factors derived from social movement theory are operationalized: ideological identities, strategies of practice and resource structures. Using numerous independent variables, these concepts are then tested in a logistic regression for the effect they have on the odds that the organizations would oppose any of three historical events: the World Trade Organization (WTO), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and/or the Kyoto protocols. A typology of environmental organizations is then constructed, tested, substantiated, problematized, and interpreted. Subsequently, a comparative case analysis of 11 distinct organizations was conducted that revealed the ways in which the leadership constructed meaning around their organizational practices and helped develop the typology further, explaining some of its shortcomings and adding nuance to the model that better explains contemporary environmental advocacy behavior in the US. Directions for future research are assessed, and both the challenging and encouraging implications that this research has for the environmental movement as a whole are extrapolated.
Committee in charge: Michael Dreiling, Chairperson, Sociology; Yvonne Braun, Member, Sociology; Gregory McLauchlan, Member, Sociology; David Frank, Outside Member, Honors College
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Porter, Martin Howard Andrew. "Interest groups, advocacy coalitions and the EC environmental policy process a policy network analysis of the packaging and packaging waste directive /". Online version, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.319714.
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Setiadi, Rukuh. "The Emergence of Local Climate Change Adaptation Policy: An Advocacy Coalition in Indonesian Cities 1993-2013". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367622.
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Recently, a growing trend in development and implementation of local climate change adaptation policies has been evident in several Indonesian cities. Some city governments have equipped themselves with climate change strategies, especially those which have maintained a substantial collaboration with international non- government organisations (NGOs) and aid agencies. These agencies invested a considerable amount of research on facts and evidence about climate change and its consequences at the city level. Equally importantly, learning mechanisms have been advocated to facilitate the transfer of knowledge. This phenomenon provides a promising setting for theoretical discourse about the emergence of climate adaptation policy at the city level and an opportunity to better understand the complex relationship between the roles of research (production of facts and evidence), learning (transfer of knowledge), and policy development (values and moral judgment).
The aim of this PhD project is to contribute to providing a more accurate explanation of the emergence of climate adaptation policies at the city level. Two main research questions will be addressed in this study: (1) What is the process of the development of climate adaptation policies at the city level? (2) Do policy research and learning mechanisms really matter when the city governments make decisions leading to climate adaptation policies?Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Mason, Maeve Siobhan Redmond. "SENSE OF PLACE: A CASE STUDY OF THE BUCKEYE FOREST COUNCIL". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1134353860.
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Warren, Alisa Renee Warren. "The Monster on the Hill: A Story of Environmental Injustice in Appalachia". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524840984220302.
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Jansson, Martin. "An atomic adventure : A case study of the history of the Swedish nuclear policy using the theories of historical institutionalism and advocacy coalition framework". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27981.
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A case study of the first 35 years, 1945 to 1980, of the Swedish nuclear institution. The purpose is to discover which actors that have shaped the Swedish nuclear institution. By using the theories of historical institutionalism and advocacy coalition framework I have analyzed these 35 years in three separate parts. Historical institutionalism puts emphasis on the creation of an institution, and so have I. The creation phase goes from 1945 to 1972. The following two parts are critical junctures that spans the years 1973-1978 and 1978-1980. The first critical juncture deals with the Centre Party's reversal in their opinion on nuclear power, the 1976 election and the outcome of that election. The third juncture starts with the Harrisburg accident and ends after the 1980 referendum. Using the advocacy coalition framework to analyze the actions or actors and coalitions during these three phases, I have come to the conclusion that the industry actors, those that have built the reactors, have been the most successful in pushing their coalition's agendas, over the years. Their influence was considerable during the years of institutional creation, while the coalitions that opposed nuclear power were quite weak during this time frame, which is consistent with historical institutionalism's focus on the creation, and path dependence.
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Sieber, Tara L. "Wetland conservation in Canterbury, New Zealand : human-nature relationships and participation in local environmental groups". Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2020.
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Wetlands are defined by New Zealand's Resource Management Act 1991 as "includ[ing] permanently or intermittently wet areas, shallow water and land water margins that support a natural ecosystem of plants and animals that are adapted to wet conditions" (RMA 1991). Over ninety per cent of New Zealand wetlands have been lost or modified. Several conservation groups composed of volunteers have formed to protect the few remaining areas. These wetlands and their conservators serve as an interesting study into human-nature relationships because of the precarious state of the ecosystems and the dedicated, local volunteer groups that form around them. I explored the relationship between the two through the 'soft systems tradition', which places importance on a human constructed "system of interest" (Oreszczyn 2000, p.109) in order to answer three research questions: How can the relationship between members of the wetland conservation groups and the wetlands they preserve be described; What 'triggers' people's participation and involvement in local environmental groups dedicated to wetland preservation and restoration; How do the groups advocate for wetlands and does the government play a role in this advocacy? Using cultural models (Kempton et al. 1995), I argued that definitions and representations of nature are contested. Notions of place and dwelling, of actor-network theory (Cloke and Jones 2002), and of enclosure/restoration (Watts 2004, Elliot 1986), help to explain how people form their representations of nature within wetlands. Social capital theory (Putnam 2000) helped explain participants' involvement in wetland groups. Participants were involved in the wetland protection groups in order to express personal values, skills and identity through the group (Bishop and Hoggett 1986). Most individuals had a high sense of agency, and joined a wetland protection group because they believed that collective action is more effective than individual action (Taylor 2000, Horvath 1999). Groups that meet regularly and frequently, such as the Travis Wetland Trust, have more cohesive inter-personal bonds and individuals are more committed to the group than groups that meet infrequently (Lawler et al. 2000, Lawler 2001, 2002). This connection between group activities and positive emotion (Lawler 2002) explains why most members of the Travis Wetland Trust identified group involvement as the most important aspect of their involvement. In contrast, Otipua Wetland groups' members, who are divided between the Otipua Wetland Charitable Trust Board and the Friends of the Otipua Wetland, were more likely to name restoration or service as their primary reason for involvement in the group. Advocacy was considered part of group action, although it was not officially included in either group's objectives. Individuals believed they advocated in three ways: through education activities, communication regarding the wetland and through the restoration of the work itself. Individual advocacy translates into group advocacy, since the groups are viewed as vehicles for furthering individual concerns, and acting as a group gives a better chance of achieving results (Horvath 1999). The government played a role in both groups, and all parties maintained a positive working relationship with local government. A cooperative relationship with governments is essential for increasing public awareness of wetlands (Horvath 1999).
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Cruickshank, Neil A. "Power, civil society and contentious politics in post communist Europe". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/559.
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This dissertation examines how contentious collective action in two post communist states, Poland and the Czech Republic, has broadened to include European and international actors. It identifies the emergence of new opportunities for contention brought about by recent episodes of institutional change, specifically EU accession, and questions how they benefit materially or politically weak NGOs. With the intention of determining how three interrelated processes, democratization, Europeanization and internationalization, affect the nature and scope of contentious politics, this dissertation carries out an investigation of several concrete episodes of political mobilization and contention. As shown these 'contentious events' involved a myriad of national, European and international actors, mobilizing to challenge national policy. Data from NGO questionnaires, interviews and newswire/newspaper archives are used to discern the nature and scope of contentious collective action. This dissertation assesses the extent to which transnationalization of advocacy politics has disrupted existing power arrangements at the national level between NGOs and government. Hypothesizing that European Union accession in 2004 changed the nature and scope of contentious collective action in post communist Europe, this dissertation undertakes a comparative empirical examination of three sectors, environment, women and Roma, and twenty-nine representative NGOs. My research identifies three important developments in the Polish and Czech nonprofit sector: first, European advocacy networks and institutions are helping national NGOs overcome power disparities at the national level; second, issues once confined to national political space have acquired a European dimension, and; third, despite Europeanization, a few notable policy issues (i.e. reproductive rights, nuclear energy and domestic violence) remain firmly under national jurisdiction. This dissertation contributes to existing collective action/post communist scholarship in three ways. It applies established theories of contention/collective action to several recent episodes of political mobilization; it confirms that post accession institutional change does offer new political opportunity structures to national NGOs, and finally; it presents new empirical research on post communist collective action.
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Bergström, Melisa. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HOW THE WORLD WILDLIFE FUND ADAPTED ITS 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN EARTH HOUR IN SWEDEN AND TURKEY". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453890.
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Klimatförändringar är ett allvarligt problem som hotar vår planet och alla dess invånare.Världsnaturfonden (World Wildlife Fund) arbetar för att minimera och förhindra de skrämmandekonsekvenser som vi oundvikligen kommer att möta om vi fortsätter att leva och konsumera som vi gör.Earth Hour-kampanjen är deras viktigaste kampanj som stöder den gröna rörelsen mot klimatförändringar.Earth Hour blev en succé från dag ett i 2007 i Sydney och spred sig snabbt över hela världen och blev englobalt känd händelse. Earth Hour lyckades skapa medvetenhet och föra allmänhetens uppmärksamhet tillämnet. Klimatförändringen fick stort nyhetsvärde i massmedia och genom sociala medier blev den större.Att använda kändisar var ett bra sätt att öka medvetenheten och sprida WWFs budskap som tex. i Turkiet.Sverige gick en annan väg för att ta itu med det globala uppvärmning problemet de kontaktade politikernadirekt. Earth Hour 2014 kommunikationskampanj analyserades och jämfördes genom intervjuer medrepresentanter för WWF i Sverige och Turkiet. Jag strävar efter att göra en djupare analys på likheter ochskillnader mellan dem. Det är intressant att se hur en global organisation genomför sinkommunikationskampanj "Earth Hour" annorlunda i två kulturellt separata länder för att ta itu medsamma problem.Climate change is a serious problem that threatens our planet and all its inhabitants. The World WildlifeFund puts a great deal of effort to minimize the devastating effects and prevent the frighteningconsequences that the humanity will inevitably face if we do not alter our approach. Addressing this issue,the Earth Hour campaign is the organization’s most important campaign supporting the green movementagainst climate change. The campaign was a success from day one in 2007 in Sydney and quickly spreadaround the world achieving global recognition. The campaign managed to create awareness and bring thepublic's attention to the subject. For example, climate change gained great news value in the mass mediaand through social media, it became greater. Various methods were employed for the promotion of thecampaign. In Turkey, celebrity endorsement proved successful in raising awareness and conveying theWWF's message. Sweden took a different path to address the global warming problem and contactedpoliticians directly. In the current study, the Earth Hour 2014 communication campaigns in Sweden andTurkey were analysed and compared. Data for the study were collected through interviews withrepresentatives of WWF in Sweden and Turkey. With its findings, the study provides valuable insightsinto the similarities and differences between two campaigns. It is noteworthy to see how a globalorganization conducts its "Earth Hour" communication campaign differently in two culturally separatecountries to address the same problem.
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Brito, Ágata Graziele dos Santos. "A influência das coalizões domésticas de China e Estados Unidos no resultado da COP 21 - Paris". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-26062018-093204/.
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Esta dissertação analisa o resultado da COP 21, que aconteceu em Paris no ano de 2015, através da capacidade que as coalizões domésticas, dentro de China e Estados Unidos, tiveram em influenciar a política climática durante o período que vai de 1992 até 2015. É através da identificação das coalizões domésticas (ambiental e pó-desenvolvimento econômico) que buscamos explicar como o processo político doméstico, nos dois países, foi moldado a partir das articulações e interações entre os grupos que compõe as coalizões. Até a COP 21, a política climática global parecia não avançar em vistas a uma solução do aquecimento global, a COP 15 é referenciada neste trabalho como o fracasso dos acordos climáticos, no entanto, 5 anos mais tarde, em 2015, juntos EUA e China, o dois maiores emissores da atualidade, anunciam suas metas de redução dos gases de efeito estufa. O que explica essa mudança de posicionamento, segundo a hipótese deste trabalho, é o amadurecimento e a articulação das coalizões doméstica dentro dos dois países, em primeiro lugar, e os acordos bilaterais que ambos promoveram entre os anos de 2009 e 2015 para trata das questões climáticas fora do sistema ONU de tomada d decisão. O resultado encontrado é que de fato, até 2009, a coalizão pró-desenvolvimento econômico conseguiu que sua influencia no processo político da condução da politica climática prevalecesse, no entanto, do período posterior a 2009 até 2015, pudemos ver que a coalizão ambiental conseguiu que sua influencia causasse, inclusive, um transbordamento para a arena internacional.This essay analyze the COP 21 outcomes, that was held in Paris in 2015, through the domestic coalitions capacity, inside China and USA, had to influence the climate policy during the period that goes from 1992 until 2015. It is through the identification of domestic (environmental and economic development) coalitions that we seek to explain how the domestic political process, in both countries, was shaped by the articulations and interactions between the groups that make up the coalitions. Until COP 21, global climate policy did not seem to advance towards a solution to global warming, COP 15 is referred to, in this paper, as the failure of climate agreements, however, 5 years later in 2015, U.S and China together, the two largest emitters today, announce their targets for reducing greenhouse gases. What explains this change of position, according to the hypothesis of this work, is that the maturation and articulation of domestic coalitions within both countries, first, and the bilateral agreements that both promoted between the years of 2009 and 2015 to deal with the climate change issues outside of the UN system of decision-making. The result was that in fact, until 2009, the economic development coalition had its influence on the political process of climate policy prevailing, however, from the period after 2009 until 2015, we could see that the environmental coalition succeeded in its influence would even cause an overflow to the international arena.
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Trefren, Jennie Lee. "The Emergence of the Wyoming Core Area Strategy: "The Sage Grouse Rebellion"". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42650.
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This research sought to explain the emergence of the Wyoming Core Area Strategy (WCAS), a state-based Greater Sage Grouse conservation plan. It presents a theoretical framework that is
based on and adds nuance to the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). The hypothesis this
study explored was: if a subsystemâ s jurisdiction is threatened by a hierarchically superior subsystemâ s policy outputs and this jurisdiction is necessary to meet the threatened subsystemâ s
goals, then policy change may occur as a result of a strategy by the agents in the threatened
subsystem. The data used to examine the hypothesis included expert interviews, historical
documents, and interviews from media sources (secondary source interviews). The hypothesis
was supported; the WCAS emerged because the Endangered Species Act listing outputs within
the Species Conservation Policy Subsystem threatened the Wyoming Land Use Policy (WLUP)
Subsystemâ s jurisdiction, which was necessary to meet the WLUP Subsystemâ s economic and lifestyle goals; the Governor of Wyoming drove the development and enactment of the WCAS as a strategy to retain jurisdiction. The research demonstrated that in order to fully account for the WCASâ s emergence, a less mechanistic view of the framework, one that accounts for the ability
of agents in a subsystem to act strategically, was needed. The research also demonstrated that the Greater Sage Grouse conservation benefited from the ESA listing process despite its warranted
but precluded listing status. The time frame the research explored was 2002 through March 2012.Master of Arts
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Crust, Louis. "Challenging Nonprofit Legal Services: Four Cases from New Orleans, 1970 - 2004". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/583.
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During the past century, lawyers in New Orleans created a number of organizations to provide legal services for the poor, as lawyers did throughout the country. Most of those organizations provided routine service directly to individual clients and received quiet acceptance within the city and the state. However, more aggressive lawyers in other legal services offices engaged in law reform or challenged politically powerful interests. These offices found themselves embroiled in controversy and facing impediments that were placed in the way of their work. This dissertation introduces nonprofit legal services in New Orleans, but focuses on and investigates the experiences of four organizations – the New Orleans Legal Assistance Corporation, the Tulane Environmental Law Clinic, the Louisiana Capital Assistance Center, and the Advocacy Center – that were involved in controversies. This investigation differs from most prior studies of legal assistance in several ways. First, it discusses a variety of local legal service organizations rather than concentrating on the legal aid movement of the first half of the twentieth century, or the later Legal Services Program and its successor Legal Services Corporation. Secondly, it provides detailed discussion of several New Orleans legal services, which had previously been limited to scrutiny of the Tulane Environmental Law Clinic. Most importantly, it goes beyond description to provide causal explanation for the controversies by reference to social structure, and the social mechanisms and social processes at work. The dissertation presents access to law by the poor as being a form of "largesse" or charity or gift, which is granted when it is convenient for the powerful, but withheld when it is inconvenient for the powerful. From this perspective, the controversies resulted from the opposing interests of the two major social classes in modern capitalist society, with the politically powerful objecting to certain legal victories or gains achieved by the poor. In addition to the New Orleans cases, the dissertation refers to other legal services offices throughout the country that experienced similar problems. This demonstrates that the underlying issues are not limited to the city of New Orleans or the state of Louisiana, but are national in scope.
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Douglas, Philip. "Developing the Environment Agency's capacity for policy advocacy". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13397/.
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The overall rationale and aim of the project was to strengthen Environment Agency policy advocacy effectiveness. In addition to this overall aim, the project had two more specific aims: to identify key features to be included in any process for generating and embedding in the organisation broad policy advocacy positions relevant to UK and EU level policy development and to provide an assessment of Environment Agency policy advocacy effectiveness - alongside English Nature in comparative perspective - and to thereby identify options to enhance the Agency's contribution to EU and UK public policy development.
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Danielsson, Marianne. "Fängslande idéer : Svensk miljöpolitik och teorier om policyproduktion". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122391.
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This thesis investigates the role of ideas in policy processes. It does so using three theories as a starting point, selected for being alike yet unique in their description of how ideas may “get stuck” in the organization’s production and reproduction of policy. The theories are Discourse Coalition Framework, Advocacy Coalition Framework, and Punctuated Equilibrium Theory. These theories have very different emphases but share constructivist traits and an interest in how social processes of meaning making take form in a rather “traditional” organizational setting, thus paying attention to, if not reducing the study to, the institutions of representative democracy. Two theoretical problems are identified within these theories. They concern 1) the mechanism and 2) the object of analysis. The theoretical question addressed in part I is: How are we to understand the proposition that ideas may cause stability in policy processes? What is the underlying mechanism? It is argued that the cognitive mechanism which the theories use should be substituted with a social psychological one. The assumption that stability is created when political actors conform to the ideas of others when they are confronted with apparent unanimity among policy makers, rather than that they internalize these ideas, makes both greater stability and instability in policy processes more plausible. Part II poses the question; if we are to investigate policy stability and instability using the discussed theoretical perspective, what unit of analysis should we use? In other words, what is a policy? It is argued that if ideological stability is seen as an effect of how policy formulation is organized (as is argued in part I), then close attention must be paid to processual factors when it is decided what unit of policy, on what level, might be explained. It is furthermore argued that although we may theoretically form an idea about substantially coherent patterns of policy recognizable as a policy, which should result from stable organizational patterns of communication in the policy process, it remains an empirical question if and where these patterns can actually be found. An analysis of Swedish environmental policy is performed to allow for observations of the degree to which empirical evidence is consistent with the policy patterns predicted by the theoretical assumptions outlined in part one.
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Stone, Harry James. "THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH: ANALYZING THE “TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD” PROCESS IN THE UPPER MILL CREEK (CINCINNATI)". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1082567599.
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Davidsen, Conny. "Sources of Change in Community Forestry - The Roles of Learning and Beliefs in the Policy Process". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1205394195439-33354.
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Community forestry has become a prominent policy instrument over the past decades as a response to deforestation pressures and rural poverty. Its political implementation involves a complex process with a profound structural change - away from state-based forestry to locally based decision-making authority. The research analyzes the internal development among policy actors in order to understand how community forestry can emerge in a regional policy system. It explores three different case studies with distinct policy processes towards community forestry: an international development project (Ecuador: Esmeraldas), a grassroot environmental movement (Canada: British Columbia), and an institutional restructuring process (Mexico: Quintana Roo). The theoretical approach is based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). The ACF views policy change as a result of competing advocacy coalitions which act according to their policy beliefs. Policy change can be affected by internal changes (policy learning and changes of beliefs) or by external perturbations which affect the power constellation between the coalitions. Each policy process is analyzed over more than a decade, based on empirical data from semi-structured interviews with key actors and complemented by literature. The major actors and coalitions are identified, as well as their learning and changes of beliefs over time to understand their influence on the policy process. In summary, the research found that policy learning has a high importance for the internal development of community forestry policy, while often hidden behind the strong presence of an external perturbation. Although not as a singular force, policy learning has been shown to have a very potent role in enhancing, or sustaining, policy changes. Policy learning can have a stabilizing effect against adverse events, once the implementation process has started (Mexico). Policy learning can even generate the major momentum of change that unfolds when released by an external catalyst event (Canada). It can also, however, have a very limited influence, if not form an internal challenge to the implementation (Ecuador). It has been found that a change of policy beliefs is not a requirement for policy change in the early stages of community forestry, and cannot be indicated by visible changes in the policy network or local forestry arrangements. These might concern other adjustments of the actors to the changes, which do not reflect their substantial policy beliefs. The changes of policy beliefs in the three case studies show some similar patterns in the way the Community Forestry Coalition developed their policy goals over time, as well as in the way the State Forestry Coalition adjusted strategically to the new impact of the CFC on the network. The research discusses three distinct strategic approaches of the coalitions and their varying success.
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Jensen, Timothy Trier. "Moving the Common Sensorium: A Rhetoric of Social Movements and Path&emacr". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374079125.
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Wu, Fengshi. "Double-mobilization transnational advocacy networks for China's environment and public health /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2970.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Rother, Mirian Stella. "A mobilidade por bicicletas em Piracicaba - SP: aspectos culturais, ambientais e urbanísticos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-28092016-165613/.
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Há cerca de uma década, a inserção da bicicleta como modal de transporte regular em diversas cidades brasileiras vem colaborando para a paisagem da mobilidade urbana no país tornar-se mais sustentável. Esta pesquisa teve por objeto estudar a prática do ciclismo utilitário1 em Piracicaba - SP, de modo a identificar e dimensionar quais os fatores culturais e características ambientais e urbanísticas concorrem para o uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte, e suscitar as possíveis contribuições de sua inclusão no sistema de mobilidade urbana local, com vistas à construção de uma cidade socialmente mais justa, ambientalmente mais adequada, e apta para oferecer maior qualidade de vida aos seus habitantes. A pesquisa foi realizada em três eixos: o primeiro dedicado a conhecer a cultura de mobilidade da cidade e sua dinâmica, à exploração e análise das políticas públicas específicas destinadas ao setor, à compreensão do posicionamento de gestores públicos e técnicos sobre as orientações das intervenções urbanas realizadas ou por realizar, e à compreensão e análise das práticas ativistas pró-mobilidade sustentável da cidade, em especial, as ações dos cicloativistas, como expressões de mudanças na cultura de mobilidade local; o segundo foi estruturado com o propósito de conhecer o perfil sociocultural e econômico do ciclista utilitário de Piracicaba, suas motivações, representações, hábitos, demandas e percepções sobre a paisagem urbana; e o terceiro buscou caracterizar as condições ambientais onde ocorre a prática do ciclismo utilitário em Piracicaba. O estudo mostra que a cultura de mobilidade local foi conformada pelas políticas públicas rodoviaristas2 adotadas na cidade, que implicaram em sucessivas intervenções urbanas que desestimularam o uso de modalidades não motorizadas e coletivas de transporte; mas apesar disto, a bicicleta nunca deixou de ser utilizada por trabalhadores e estudantes, e que características ambientais, como o relevo acidentado e o clima quente da cidade não são empecilhos para a prática do ciclismo utilitário, ou mesmo para a construção de uma cidade ciclável3. 1 Ciclismo utilitário compreende qualquer ciclismo que não seja primariamente praticado para fins de exercício físico, de recreação ou de esporte (...). É o tipo de ciclismo mais comum em todo o mundo. O ciclismo utilitário ou \"transportacional\" geralmente envolve deslocamentos a curta e média distância. Inclui ida ao trabalho, à escola, à faculdade, ou entrega de bens ou serviços. (Fonte: blog Amigos do Pedal Belo Jardim. Disponível em: It has been a decade since bicycles inserted as a mode of regular transportation in various cities have been cooperating to a more sustainable urban mobility landscape in the country. This research has had as its aim the study of the practice of transportational cycling4 in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, with the purpose of identifying and giving dimension to cultural factors and environmental and urbanistic characteristics which compete with the use of bicycling as a means of transportation as well as bringing about the possible contributions to its inclusion in the system of local urban mobility taking into account the building of a fairer and more environmental oriented city, and able to offer a higher quality of life to its inhabitants. The research was carried out within three frameworks: the first was dedicated to understand the culture of mobility in the city and its dynamics, to explore and analyze specific public policies destined to the sector, to understand the positioning of public and technical management on the guidance of urban interventions that have already been carried out or to be carried out in the future, and to the understanding and analysis of activist practices for sustainable mobility in the city, in special, the actions of cycling activists, while expressions of changes in the culture of local mobility. The second was structured with the goal of comprehending the sociocultural and economical profile of transportational cyclists in Piracicaba, their motivations, representations, habits, demands, and perceptions on urban landscape. The third was aimed at characterizing the environmental conditions where transportational cycling practice takes place in Piracicaba. The study shows that the culture of local mobility has been structured according to the road users public policies adopted by the city which have implied in successive urban interventions discouraging the use of non-motorized and collective modes of transportation. Nevertheless, bicycles have never been forgotten by workers and students. Environmental characteristics such as rugged terrain and warm weather in the city are no obstacles to the cycling practice of transportational cycling or even to the construction of bicycle-friendly city5. 4 Transportational cycling comprehends any cycling mode, which is not primary practiced for physical exercises, recreation or sports (...). It is the most common type of cycling in the world. Utility or \"transportational\" cycling generally involves short and medium routes. It includes commuting, going to school, to university and/or the delivery of goods and services. (Source: blog Amigos do Pedal Belo Jardim. Available at http://cdcamigosdopedalj.blogspot.com.br/ 2011/12/ciclismo-utilitario.html. Acesse on June 25th, 2013). 5 Cycling-friendly city is a term used by several urban mobility cycling activists and specialists. For Ricardo Corrêa, TC Urbes\' partner, consulting enterprise on sustainable mobility, the city is cyclingfriendly when the bicycle is no longer a means of transportation and becomes an alternative to transport, as cars, collective transportation, and walking. (SOURCE: VO2 Magazine, n#81, June 2012).
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Davidsen, Conny. "Sources of Change in Community Forestry - The Roles of Learning and Beliefs in the Policy Process: A Comparative Analysis of Ecuador, Mexico and Canada". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23747.
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Community forestry has become a prominent policy instrument over the past decades as a response to deforestation pressures and rural poverty. Its political implementation involves a complex process with a profound structural change - away from state-based forestry to locally based decision-making authority. The research analyzes the internal development among policy actors in order to understand how community forestry can emerge in a regional policy system. It explores three different case studies with distinct policy processes towards community forestry: an international development project (Ecuador: Esmeraldas), a grassroot environmental movement (Canada: British Columbia), and an institutional restructuring process (Mexico: Quintana Roo). The theoretical approach is based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). The ACF views policy change as a result of competing advocacy coalitions which act according to their policy beliefs. Policy change can be affected by internal changes (policy learning and changes of beliefs) or by external perturbations which affect the power constellation between the coalitions. Each policy process is analyzed over more than a decade, based on empirical data from semi-structured interviews with key actors and complemented by literature. The major actors and coalitions are identified, as well as their learning and changes of beliefs over time to understand their influence on the policy process. In summary, the research found that policy learning has a high importance for the internal development of community forestry policy, while often hidden behind the strong presence of an external perturbation. Although not as a singular force, policy learning has been shown to have a very potent role in enhancing, or sustaining, policy changes. Policy learning can have a stabilizing effect against adverse events, once the implementation process has started (Mexico). Policy learning can even generate the major momentum of change that unfolds when released by an external catalyst event (Canada). It can also, however, have a very limited influence, if not form an internal challenge to the implementation (Ecuador). It has been found that a change of policy beliefs is not a requirement for policy change in the early stages of community forestry, and cannot be indicated by visible changes in the policy network or local forestry arrangements. These might concern other adjustments of the actors to the changes, which do not reflect their substantial policy beliefs. The changes of policy beliefs in the three case studies show some similar patterns in the way the Community Forestry Coalition developed their policy goals over time, as well as in the way the State Forestry Coalition adjusted strategically to the new impact of the CFC on the network. The research discusses three distinct strategic approaches of the coalitions and their varying success.
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Rowley, Patrick James. "School Counselor Advocacy: Postsecondary Planning for Adolescents Experiencing Emotional Disturbances in Urban Environments". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78204.
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While research studies have investigated postsecondary planning for high-need student populations, few studies have explored the intersectionality of students experiencing emotional disturbances and students living in urban environments and the postsecondary planning perspectives of school counselors with this demographic. The purpose of this study was to explore the current perspectives, practices, and experiences of 10 high schools counselors working within a large school district of the northeastern U.S. on postsecondary planning with students experiencing emotional disturbances in urban environments. An ecological perspective framed the discussion to provide a holistic picture of the postsecondary needs of adolescents experiencing emotional disturbances in urban environments. Using a constructivist grounded theory qualitative approach; themes emerged and provided a voice to urban high school counselors on the concepts related to the postsecondary planning process. Two primary themes were attributed to the postsecondary planning perspectives of urban high school counselors with each theme including three sub-themes. Elements hindering postsecondary planning included (1) school resources, (2) poor parent engagement, and (3) higher-level needs; while elements supporting postsecondary planning incorporated (1) school personnel, (2) high parent engagement, and (3) computer-based planning resources. Three themes were linked to the postsecondary planning practices of urban high school counselors: (1) college campus connection, (2) information dissemination, and (3) student-counselor connection. Three themes were also associated with the postsecondary planning experiences of urban high school counselors: (1) learning from mistakes, (2) planning multiple options, and (3) similar planning for all students. These eight primary themes and six sub-themes provide evidence that offers a greater understanding of the postsecondary planning process for students experiencing emotional disturbances in urban environments. Implications for school counselors, counselor educators, and higher education support staff are presented. Study limitations are discussed and recommendations for future research ideas are suggested. By conducting research on this underserved student population, the emerging themes intend to create more equitable postsecondary planning procedures for students experiencing emotional disturbances in urban environmentsEd. D.
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Doherty, Kathryn Laing. "From Alarm to Action: Closing the Gap Between Belief and Behavior in Response to Climate Change". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1406552403.
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Schwartz, Debra Ann. "In the lion's mouth advocacy and investigative reporting about the environment in the early 21st century /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1551.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Journalism. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.