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1

Kim, Hakduck, Kitae Jeon, Heechang Lim i Juhun Song. "Parameter analysis of an entrained flow gasification process". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, nr 12 (grudzień 2018): 168781401881525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018815255.

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This work presents primary results of a parameter study for entrained flow gasification using a steady-flow reactor model. The influences of important parameters such as coal types, gasifier pressure, gas/coal feeding rate, and coal particle size were studied based on coal conversion and gas product species. The prediction results were compared and validated against those published previously. In particular, a relative importance of reaction stoichiometry, temperature, reaction time (kinetics), or residence time considered in this simulation work was evaluated to affect the gas composition produced from different coals. The optimal carbon monoxide concentration was observed at an oxygen-to-fuel ratio of 0.8, while a greatest carbon conversion was found at a steam-to-fuel ratio of 0.4. Coal particle size has a strong influence on carbon conversion. However, the coal feeding rate has no effect on carbon conversion despite differences in residence time.
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2

Chui, E. H., A. J. Majeski, D. Y. Lu, R. Hughes, H. Gao, D. J. McCalden i E. J. Anthony. "Simulation of entrained flow coal gasification". Energy Procedia 1, nr 1 (luty 2009): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.067.

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Rajper, Suheb Ali, Imran Nazir Unar, Azizullah Channa i Zulfiqar Ali Bhatti. "Investigation of Performance for Entrained Flow Gasifier Through Simulations". January 2020 39, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2001.10.

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Pakistan has proven huge coal reserves but still unable to harvest the energy due to unavailability of ingenious technology. Coal gasification is robust, efficient and environmental friendly technology but it is highly sensitive to the coal characteristics. Scant literature is available on the development of the coal gasification technology which suits the characteristics of indigenous coal reserves. This papers presents the simulation of entrained flow gasifier for using indigenous coal through process modeling software namely Aspen Plus® to evaluate various system flow steps within an entrained flow gasifier. General techniques have also been discussed for creating the equilibrium-bases simulations of gasification systems. Peng-Robinson equation was used to correlate the volume of species with respect to state variables (temperature and pressure). The effects of composition of different indigenous coals like Thar, Lakhra and Sonda were investigated through simulations along with O/C (Oxygen-to-Carbon) ratio. Parametric study revealed that the O/C ratio along with other related system parameters have great influence on the performance. Sulfur could be available in different forms in coal like pyrite, sulfate or organic sulfur so appropriate form of sulfur in feedstocks should be corrected for better accuracy of model results. The highest percentages of CO i.e. 44.2, 37.8, and 46.6% were obtained from Thar coal (air dried form), Lakhra coal and Sonda coal respectively at the 0.3 O/C ratio. The decrease in LHV and HHV (Lower and Higher Heating Values) of syngas was observed on increase of O/C ratio for all coal types. The composition of as received Thar coal gave maximum LHV (1.5x104 KJ/Kg) and HHV (1.78x104 KJ/Kg) at the 0.3 O/C ratio. The future work could be extended by simulating biomass composition in the developed model of gasifier in transient simulations.
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4

Zhang, Guan, Hou, Zhang, Li, Meng i Wang. "Markov Chain Simulation of Coal Ash Melting Point and Stochastic Optimization of Operation Temperature for Entrained Flow Coal Gasification". Energies 12, nr 22 (7.11.2019): 4245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224245.

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In the entrained flow coal gasification process, the gas production is critically affected by the operating temperature (OT) and coal ash melting point (AMP), and the AMP is one of key factors for the determinations of OT. Considering the fact that coal is a typical nonhomogeneous substance and the coal ash composition varies from batch to batch, this paper proposes the application of the Markov Chain (MC) method in simulation of the random AMP series and the stochastic optimization of OT based on MC simulation for entrained flow coal gasification. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more accurate optimal OT decision method for entrained flow coal gasification practice. In this paper, the AMP was regarded as a random variable, and the random process method, Markov Chain, was used to describe the random AMP series of feed coal. Firstly, the MC simulation model about AMP was founded according to an actual sample data, 200 sets of AMP data from an industrial gasification plant under three simulation schemes (the sample data were individually divided into 16, eight and four state groups,). The comparisons between the simulation results and the actual values show that the founded MC simulation model descries the AMP series very well. Then, a stochastic programming model based on MC simulation for OT optimization was developed. Finally, this stochastic programming optimization model was optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). Comparing with the conventional OT optimization method, the proposed stochastic OT optimization model integrated MC simulation can ascertain a more accurate OT for guiding the coal gasification practice.
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5

Liu, Xiao Di, Tian Yi Hao, Yong Zhang i Xue Ying Gu. "Update Progress of Pressurized Entrained-Flow Gasifier with Coal Slurry in China". Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (październik 2014): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.716.

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Coal Water Slurry (CWS) gasification technology has a stable market due to its technical advantages. China did a lot of research and development work in coal slurry gasification technology, which has made considerable progress. Especially CWS gasification technology with Membrane Water Wall which was put into operation in recent years got a significant improvement in terms of safety, fuel flexibility, reliability and continuous operation cycles.
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6

Feng, Ping, Weigang Lin, Peter Arendt Jensen, Wenli Song, Lifang Hao, Klaus Raffelt i Kim Dam-Johansen. "Entrained flow gasification of coal/bio-oil slurries". Energy 111 (wrzesień 2016): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.115.

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7

Liu, Xiang Jun, Wu Rong Zhang i Tae Jun Park. "Modelling coal gasification in an entrained flow gasifier". Combustion Theory and Modelling 5, nr 4 (grudzień 2001): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1364-7830/5/4/305.

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8

WATANABE, H., i M. OTAKA. "Numerical simulation of coal gasification in entrained flow coal gasifier". Fuel 85, nr 12-13 (wrzesień 2006): 1935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.02.002.

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9

Pomykała, Radosław. "Properties of Waste from Coal Gasification in Entrained Flow Reactors in the Aspect of Their Use in Mining Technology / Właściwości odpadów ze zgazowania węgla w reaktorach dyspersyjnych w aspekcie ich wykorzystania w technologiach górniczych". Archives of Mining Sciences 58, nr 2 (1.06.2013): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0026.

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Most of the coal gasification plants based of one of the three main types of reactors: fixed bed, fluidized bed or entrained flow. In recent years, the last ones, which works as „slagging“ reactors (due to the form of generated waste), are very popular among commercial installations. The article discusses the characteristics of the waste from coal gasification in entrained flow reactors, obtained from three foreign installations. The studies was conducted in terms of the possibilities of use these wastes in mining technologies, characteristic for Polish underground coal mines. The results were compared with the requirements of Polish Standards for the materials used in hydraulic backfill as well as suspension technology: solidification backfill and mixtures for gob caulking.
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10

ITAYA, Yoshinori, Nobusuke KOBAYASHI, Shigenobu HATANO i Akina FUJIMORI. "B209 GASIFICATION OF COMBINED BIOMASS AND COAL IN DOWN-FLOW ENTRAINED BED(Combustion-6)". Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.2 (2009): _2–129_—_2–134_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.2._2-129_.

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11

Zarzycki, Robert. "Pulverized coal gasification with steam and flue gas". MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 05036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824005036.

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The study presents the concept and numerical calculations of the coal dust gasification in the entrained flow reactor with power of 16 MWt. The gasification process in the reactor can be performed in the atmosphere of O2, CO2 and H2O. The combustible gases obtained during gasification are composed mainly of CO and H2 and can be used to feed pulverized coal-fired boilers. Integration of the reactor (reactors) for coal dust gasification with the pulverized coal-fired boiler allows for improved flexibility, especially in the range of low loads if stabilization of coal dust combustion in pulverized-fuel burners or support for their work with ignition burners fed with gas or light fuel oil is necessary. The concept of the gasification reactor assumes strong eddy motion of the coal dust, which substantially allows for elongation of the time of fuel remaining in the reactor and obtaining a high reaction level. The concept of the entrained flow reactor presented in this study and the results of numerical calculations can be helpful for development of the devices with greater powers which in the nearest future should be integrated in the systems of pulverized coal-fired boilers in order to reduce their minimum load without using the ignition burners.
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12

Li, Guangyu, Luping Wang, Chaowei Wang, Chang’an Wang, Ping Wu i Defu Che. "Experimental Study on Coal Gasification in a Full-Scale Two-Stage Entrained-Flow Gasifier". Energies 13, nr 18 (21.09.2020): 4937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184937.

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In this paper, coal gasification characteristics in the reductor were investigated in a full-scale two-stage pressurized entrained-flow gasifier, which has been seldom conducted previously. The present study aimed at elucidating the effects of gasifying agent concentration, coal input rate, and operation period under full reductor load on the performance of a utility two-stage pressurized entrained-flow gasifier for the first time. When the steam input in the combustor was raised from 3318 kg/h to 5722 kg/h, the total outputs of H2, CO, and CO2 were increased by 1765 Nm3/h and 2063 Nm3/h, respectively, while the CH4 output was decreased by 49 Nm3/h. The coal conversion rate was minimal at low steam input. In addition, more coal gasified in the reductor could increase the output of CH4, while CH4 could reach 1.24% with the coal input in the range of 8000–10,000 kg/h. The present work can offer a further understanding of the gasification performance in the reductor of the full-scale two-stage pressurized entrained-flow gasifier, and motivates the potential for clean utilization of coal resource.
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13

Wan Ismail, Wan Muhamad Syafiq, i Ruwaida Abdul Rasid. "CO-GASIFICATION OF COAL AND EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) IN AN ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION PROCESS". Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 2, nr 1 (1.09.2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v2i1.3815.

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In Malaysia, empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the major biomass source from the palm oil industry. It is an environmental friendly, renewable and sustainable source of energy, which may be used to generate electricity and other forms of energy. EFB may be converted into synthesis gas (syngas) through the gasification process, or mixed with coal through the co-gasification process. Raw EFB usually consists of high moisture content and low energy density compared to coal. Having a mixture of biomass and coal is one of the method to increase the efficiency of the biomass gasification process. Hence, it is the objective of this work to investigate the co-gasification of coal and EFB at various process conditions, whereby, an entrained flow gasifier was used to investigate the effect of the gasification temperature in the range of 700°C – 900°C, for various coal-EFB mixtures on the syngas composition. The produced gas was collected and quantified using gas chromatography. It was found that when the mass ratio of coal to EFB was increased, the production of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) also increases. Besides that, the carbon conversion and the higher heating value (HHV) of the gas products also increases with increasing in mass ratio of coal-EFB mixtures. The highest cold gas efficiency (CGE) recorded for coal mixture is 2.72 MJ/m3. Thus, this shows the potential in co-gasification for producing alternative energy to the conventional fossil fuel resources that is depleting.
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14

Chemyavsky, Nikola. "The main natural lows of high-rate coal pyrolysis". Thermal Science 7, nr 2 (2003): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0302077c.

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The importance of coal pyrolysis studies for the development of energy technologies is evident, since pvrolysis is the first stage of any process of coal thermal conversion. In combustion, pyrolysis determines conditions of coal ignition and the rate of char after-burning, in gasification, pyrolysis determines total yield of gasification products. It must be noted that in modern energy technologies pyrolysis occurs at high late of coal particle heating (=10 K/s for different fluidized bed, or FB-technologies) or super-high-rate (>10**5 K/s for entrained-flow gasification), and in some of them at high pressure. In CETI during last 12 years the detailed study of pyrolysis in FB laboratory-scale PYROLYSIS-D plant and entramed-flow pilot-scale GSP-01 plant, was carried out. In this paper main results of mentioned investigations are given. Kinetic constants for bituminous coals and anthracite high heating rates in entrained flow for high temperatures (>1500 ?C and >1900 ?C), and in fluidized bed conditions in temperature range 972-1273 K. In order to describe data obtained in fluidized bed conditions, G--model based method of calculation of devolatization dynamics was suited to FB heating conditions. Calculated and experimental kinetic data are in good agreement. The result proves that at FB-pvrolysis conditions intrinsic mass-transfer limitations are negligible and devolatilization is really kinetic-controlled.
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15

Shahabuddin, M., i Sankar Bhattacharya. "Co-Gasification Characteristics of Coal and Biomass Using CO2 Reactant under Thermodynamic Equilibrium Modelling". Energies 14, nr 21 (5.11.2021): 7384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217384.

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This study assessed the entrained flow co-gasification characteristics of coal and biomass using thermodynamic equilibrium modelling. The model was validated against entrained flow gasifier data published in the literature. The gasification performance was evaluated under different operating conditions, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, pressure and coal to biomass ratio. It is observed that the lower heating value (LHV) and cold gas efficiency (CGE) increase with increasing temperature until the process reaches a steady state. The effect of pressure on syngas composition is dominant only at non-steady state conditions (<1100 °C). The variation in syngas composition is minor up to the blending of 50% biomass (PB50). However, the PB50 shows a higher LHV and CGE than pure coal by 12%and 18%, respectively. Overall, biomass blending of up to 50% favours gasification performance with an LHV of 12 MJ/kg and a CGE of 78%.
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16

Zheng, Yu Xin, Zhi Hua Wang, Xue Hong Wu i Yan Li Lv. "Numerical Simulation of the Methanol Synthesis Process by Using HT-L Pulverized Coal Gasification". Advanced Materials Research 1090 (luty 2015): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.163.

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The numerical simulation of the methanol synthesis process by using HT-L pulverized coal gasification is studied in the work. Pulverized coal gasification are simulated by Aspen Plus industrial systems flower software, and the optimum condition can be gained by calculation. The pulverized coal entrained-flow gasifier adopts the minimization method of Gibbs free energy. Under the given conditions of 1500°C and carbon conversion of 99%, when coal flow volume is 3265.87 kg/h and the ratio of air and coal is 4:1, the content of effective gas is maximal, and also the content of effective gas increased with increasing of the pressure.
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17

Chen, Caixia, Masayuki Horio i Toshinori Kojima. "Numerical simulation of entrained flow coal gasifiers. Part I: modeling of coal gasification in an entrained flow gasifier". Chemical Engineering Science 55, nr 18 (wrzesień 2000): 3861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00030-0.

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Ahmad, Iftikhar, Ahsan Ayub, Nisar Mohammad i Manabu Kano. "Data-Based Prediction and Stochastic Analysis of Entrained Flow Coal Gasification under Uncertainty". Sensors 19, nr 7 (5.04.2019): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071626.

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Entrained flow gasification is a commonly used method for conversion of coal into syngas. A stable and efficient operation of entrained flow coal gasification is always desired to reduce consumption of raw materials and utilities, and achieve higher productivity. However, uncertainty in the process hinders the stability and efficiency. In this work, a quantitative analysis of the effect of uncertainty on the conversion efficiency of the entrained flow gasification is performed. A data-driven, i.e., ensemble, model of the process was developed to predict conversion efficiency of the process. Then sensitivity analysis methods, i.e., Sobol and Fourier amplitude sensitivity test, were used to analyze the effect of each individual process variables on conversion efficiency. For analyzing the collective impact of uncertainty in process variables on conversion efficiency, a non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method was used. The PCE predicts probability distribution of the conversion efficiency. Reliability of the process was determined on the basis of percentage of the probability distribution falling within control limits. Measured data is used to derive the control limits for off-line reliability analysis. For on-line reliability analysis of the process, measured data is not available so a just-in-time method, i.e., k–d tree, was used. The k–d tree searches the nearest neighbor sample from a database of historical data to determine the control limits.
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19

Slezak, Andrew, John M. Kuhlman, Lawrence J. Shadle, James Spenik i Shaoping Shi. "CFD simulation of entrained-flow coal gasification: Coal particle density/sizefraction effects". Powder Technology 203, nr 1 (październik 2010): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.03.029.

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KAJITANI, S., N. SUZUKI, M. ASHIZAWA i S. HARA. "CO gasification rate analysis of coal char in entrained flow coal gasifier". Fuel 85, nr 2 (styczeń 2006): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.07.024.

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21

Watanabe, Hiroaki, i Ryoichi Kurose. "Modeling and simulation of coal gasification on an entrained flow coal gasifier". Advanced Powder Technology 31, nr 7 (lipiec 2020): 2733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2020.05.002.

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22

Ge, Zhihong, Congbin Jiang, Quan Zhou, Jingwen Xing, Wei Chen, Zhaofu Wei, Jinjun Guo i Jianping Ding. "Numerical simulation of entrained flow gasification based on properties and kinetic characteristics of pulverized coal particles". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2360, nr 1 (1.11.2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2360/1/012042.

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Gasification kinetic parameters of coal char based on the random pore (RPM) model are obtained with CO2 and H2O using a high-pressure thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) under atmospheric pressure and 4.0 MPa pressure, considering the influence of internal diffusion and particle structure varying with carbon conversion. The Chemical Percolation Devolatilization (CPD) model is used to modify the actual volatile content. Through the coupling of the gasification kinetic reaction model, a comprehensive numerical simulation method of the entrained flow gasification process is established. This method is used to simulate the typical gasifier of HTL (a gasification technology of Changzheng Engineering Co.) in an industrial plant. The research shows that the intrinsic reaction parameters obtained by TGA under high pressure can give a more reasonable reaction state of coal char particles in the gasifier than that measured under atmospheric pressure, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the industrial data. In addition, HTL adopts a single top-fired burner and multi-channel swirling feed type. The particles are entrained and mixed with swirling oxygen, and the combustion reaction is completed quickly in the upper part of the gasifier. In contrast, the gasification reactions are relatively slow and mostly dominate in the recirculation zone and pipe flow zone, leading to high carbon conversion.
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23

Takematsu, Toshi'ichi. "Coal Gasification for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 6, nr 6 (grudzień 1988): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600604.

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A number of coal gasifiers applicable to IGCC are under development or at the demonstration stage. These include moving bed, fluidised bed, entrained flow and molten bath types. The efficiency of an IGCC system increases as the temperature of the gas entering the turbine increases. Practical temperatures are currently limited by turbine blade materials and by the system used to clean the gas prior to entering the turbine. Work on hot gas cleaning systems, turbine blade materials and blade cooling techniques are under way. The main requirements of the gasification system are to provide a high temperature, high pressure gas with a minimum of impurities.
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Li, Guang Yu, Shi Sen Xu, Jun Cang Xia i Yong Qiang Ren. "Study on Gasification Characteristics of Petroleum Asphalt in a Two-Stage Gasifier". Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (czerwiec 2014): 1673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1673.

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The gasification performance of petroleum asphalt in a two-stage gasifier was investigated through experiments and simulations. The analysis results of asphalt samples show that the asphalt has characteristics of high volatile content, high calorific value, and low ash content. Coal pyrolysis model, gas-solid heterogeneous reaction model, gas homogeneous reaction model and Gibbs free energy minimization method were employed to build the two-stage entrained flow gasification model and simulate the asphalt gasification process using Aspen Plus software. The results indicate that the cold gas efficiency of asphalt is 3% higher than that of bituminous coal, while the consumption of coal and oxygen is 40% lower than that of bituminous coal. The gasification performance of asphalt is superior to that of coal. In addition, the cold gas efficiency of asphalt can be increased by about 3% when the two-stage gasification process is employed. The utilization rate of coal in the two-stage gasifier is much higher than that in traditional one-stage gasifier.
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25

Nikitin, A. D., N. A. Abaimov, E. B. Butakov, A. P. Burdukov i A. F. Ryzhkov. "Investigation of multistage air-steam-blown entrained-flow coal gasification". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1677 (listopad 2020): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1677/1/012043.

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Tremel, Alexander, Thomas Haselsteiner, Mario Nakonz i Hartmut Spliethoff. "Coal and char properties in high temperature entrained flow gasification". Energy 45, nr 1 (wrzesień 2012): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.02.028.

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Lu, Xijia, i Ting Wang. "Investigation of radiation models in entrained-flow coal gasification simulation". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 67 (grudzień 2013): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.08.011.

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28

Choi, Y. C., X. Y. Li, T. J. Park, J. H. Kim i J. G. Lee. "Numerical study on the coal gasification characteristics in an entrained flow coal gasifier". Fuel 80, nr 15 (grudzień 2001): 2193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00101-6.

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29

Gorlov, E. G., V. G. Andrienko, K. B. Nefedov, S. V. Lutsenko i B. K. Nefedov. "Entrained-flow dry-bottom gasification of high-ash coals in coal-water slurries". Solid Fuel Chemistry 43, nr 2 (kwiecień 2009): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0361521909020062.

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Maitlo, Ghulamullah, Rasool Bux Mahar i Khan Mohammad Brohi. "Simulation of Cotton Stalks for Syngas Generation Using CO2 and Air as Gasifying Agents". April 2020 39, nr 2 (1.04.2020): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.13.

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Gasification of coal and biomass using CO2 and air mixture as a carrier gas offers an encouraging way to eliminate the shortage of energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In the present study, the EulerianLagrangian approach was applied to understand the thermochemical conversion behavior of feedstock in entrained flow gasifier. Commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code ANSYS FLUENT®14 was used for the simulation purpose. It was observed that with variation in the CO2 in the air and the CO2 to cotton stalk ratio had a meaningful effect on gasification performance. The different ratios of air and CO2 in varying percentages such as 20% CO2, 30% CO2, 40% CO2, 50% CO2, 60% CO2, 70% CO2 and remaining percentages of air were introduced in entrained flow gasifier. With the increase in CO2 to cotton stalk ratio, the concentration of H2 and CO2 decreased whereas as the concentration of CO improved. It is revealed that mole fraction of CO and CH4 attained maximum when CO2% in the air was 50% and H2 mole fraction was observed maximum at a CO2% in the air was 30%. At 50% CO2 mixture in air, the maximum lower heating value and cold gas efficiency were observed. Therefore, the optimum situation might be 50% percentage CO2 in the gasifying agent for this entrained flow gasifier. Hence an increase in CO and H2, the cold gas efficiency and lower heating value reached the maximum. However, this study provides an appropriate route for energy production using cotton stalks as raw material and will help in designing and operation of the entrained flow reactor. The simulations indicate the thermodynamic limits of gasification and allow for the formulation of the general principles ruling this process. Moreover, no literature is available for the parametric investigations of Pakistani biomass gasification using entrained-flow gasifier. So this is a novel work for Pakistan and will be treated as foundation work for biomass gasification in the country.
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Wu, Shiyong, Sheng Huang, Liyuan Ji, Youqing Wu i Jinsheng Gao. "Structure characteristics and gasification activity of residual carbon from entrained-flow coal gasification slag". Fuel 122 (kwiecień 2014): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.01.011.

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Mularski, Jakub, i Norbert Modliński. "Entrained-Flow Coal Gasification Process Simulation with the Emphasis on Empirical Char Conversion Models Optimization Procedure". Energies 14, nr 6 (20.03.2021): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061729.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of an entrained-flow reactor is demonstrated and compared with experimental data. The study is focused on char conversion modeling and its impact on gasification simulation results. An innovative procedure of optimizing input data to empirical char conversion kinetic-diffusion model is investigated, based on the complex carbon burnout kinetic model for oxidation (CBK/E) and gasification (CBK/G). The kinetics of the CBK/G model is determined using the data from char gasification experiments in a drop tube reactor. CFD simulations are performed for the laboratory-scale entrained-flow reactor at Brigham Young University for the bituminous coal. A substantial impact of applied kinetic parameters on the in-reactor gas composition and char conversion factor was observed. The effect was most considerable for the reduction zone, where gasification reactions dominate, although a non-negligible impact could also be observed in the flame zone. Based on the quantitative assessment of the incorporated optimization procedure, its application allowed to obtain one of the lowest errors of CO, H2, CO2, and H2O axial distribution with respect to the experimental data. The maximum errors for these species were equal to 18.48, 7.95, 10.15, and 20.22%, respectively, whereas the average errors were equal to 4.82, 5.47, 4.72, and 9.58%, respectively.
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33

Pan, Chanchan, Qinfeng Liang, Xiaolei Guo, Zhenghua Dai, Haifeng Liu i Xin Gong. "Characteristics of Different Sized Slag Particles from Entrained-Flow Coal Gasification". Energy & Fuels 30, nr 2 (18.02.2016): 1487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01326.

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34

Lee, Jae Goo, Jae Ho Kim, Hyo Jin Lee, Tae Jun Park i Sang Done Kim. "Characteristics of entrained flow coal gasification in a drop tube reactor". Fuel 75, nr 9 (lipiec 1996): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(96)00084-1.

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35

Crnomarkovic, Nenad, Branislav Repic, Rastko Mladenovic, Olivera Neskovic i Miomir Veljkovic. "Experimental investigation of role of steam in entrained flow coal gasification". Fuel 86, nr 1-2 (styczeń 2007): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.06.015.

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36

Abani, Neerav, i Ahmed F. Ghoniem. "Large eddy simulations of coal gasification in an entrained flow gasifier". Fuel 104 (luty 2013): 664–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.006.

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37

Barrera, Rolando, Carlos Salazar i Juan F. Pérez. "Thermochemical Equilibrium Model of Synthetic Natural Gas Production from Coal Gasification Using Aspen Plus". International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/192057.

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The production of synthetic or substitute natural gas (SNG) from coal is a process of interest in Colombia where the reserves-to-production ratio (R/P) for natural gas is expected to be between 7 and 10 years, while the R/P for coal is forecasted to be around 90 years. In this work, the process to produce SNG by means of coal-entrained flow gasifiers is modeled under thermochemical equilibrium with the Gibbs free energy approach. The model was developed using a complete and comprehensive Aspen Plus model. Two typical technologies used in entrained flow gasifiers such as coal dry and coal slurry are modeled and simulated. Emphasis is put on interactions between the fuel feeding technology and selected energy output parameters of coal-SNG process, that is, energy efficiencies, power, and SNG quality. It was found that coal rank does not significantly affect energy indicators such as cold gas, process, and global efficiencies. However, feeding technology clearly has an effect on the process due to the gasifying agent. Simulations results are compared against available technical data with good accuracy. Thus, the proposed model is considered as a versatile and useful computational tool to study and optimize the coal to SNG process.
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38

Minchener, A. J. "Syngas Europa". Mechanical Engineering 121, nr 07 (1.07.1999): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-jul-2.

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This article highlights that the European Commission is supporting a wide range of clean coal technology research and development initiatives, including those known as APAS (Activité de Promotion, d'Accompagnement et de Suivi) and Joule (after the 19th-century British physicist James Joule). APAS, a two-year multiple-partner program, was set up to evaluate gasification processes using biomass, sewage sludge, and other wastes as co-feedstocks with coal. The Joule 3 co-gasification initiative was designed to aid European industry to address the technical issues for fluidized bed co-gasification applications. The Joule 2 project for the enhancement of the efficiency of coal-fired power generation systems was undertaken by Siemens and the University of Essen in Germany, and Babcock and Wilcox Espanola in Spain. In the Joule 3 project on advanced cycle technologies, the University of Essen and four partners have investigated measures to reduce costs, enhance efficiency, and provide a basis for an advanced design. The studies also included co-gasification of coal and biomass in an entrained-flow gasifier suitable for IGCCs.
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39

Pérez-Bayer, Juan Fernando, Rolando Barrera-Zapata i Carlos Alberto Salazar-Jiménez. "Effect of Colombian coal rank and its feeding technology on substitute natural gas production by entrained gasification". REVISTA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA 25, nr 41 (22.01.2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.4136.

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<p>The effect of coal rank (from sub-bituminous to semi-anthracite) and type of fuel feeding technology (slurry and dry) on the production of substitute natural gas (SNG) in entrained flow gasifiers is studied. Ten coals from important Colombian mines were selected. The process is modeled under thermochemical equilibrium using Aspen Plus, and its performance is evaluated in function of output parameters that include SNG heating value, Wobbe index, coal conversion efficiency, cold gas efficiency, process efficiency, global efficiency, and SNG production rate, among others. In descending order, the coal-to-SNG process improves energetically with the use of coals with: higher volatile-matter to fixed-carbon ratio, lower ash content, higher C+H/O ratio, and higher coal heating value. The overall energy efficiency of the slurry-feed technology (S-FT) to produce SNG by gasification is 17% higher than the dry-feed technology (D-FT), possibly as a consequence of the higher CH4 concentration in the syngas (around 7 vol. %) when the coal is fed as aqueous slurry. As the simulated SNG meets the natural gas (NG) quality standards in Colombia, the substitute gaseous fuel could be directly transported through pipelines. Therefore, the coal-to-SNG process is a technically feasible and unconventional alternative for NG production.</p>
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40

Lu, Haifeng, Jiakun Cao, Yong Jin, Xiaolei Guo i Xin Gong. "Study on the feeding characteristics of pulverized coal for entrained-flow gasification". Powder Technology 357 (grudzień 2019): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.08.064.

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41

Xu, Tao, i Sankar Bhattacharya. "Entrained flow gasification behaviour of Victorian brown coal char at low temperature". Fuel 234 (grudzień 2018): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.055.

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42

Tanner, Joanne, Kazi Bayzid Kabir, Michael Müller i Sankar Bhattacharya. "Low temperature entrained flow pyrolysis and gasification of a Victorian brown coal". Fuel 154 (sierpień 2015): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.03.069.

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43

Sripada, Pavan Pramod, Tao Xu, M. A. Kibria i Sankar Bhattacharya. "Comparison of entrained flow gasification behaviour of Victorian brown coal and biomass". Fuel 203 (wrzesień 2017): 942–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.058.

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44

Abaimov, N. A., E. B. Butakov, A. P. Burdukov, P. V. Osipov i A. F. Ryzhkov. "Investigation of air-blown two-stage entrained-flow gasification of micronized coal". Fuel 271 (lipiec 2020): 117487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117487.

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45

Kobayashi, Nobusuke, Akina Fujimori, Miku Tanaka, Guilin Piao i Yoshinori Itaya. "Study of Coal Gasification Using High Ash Fusion Temperature Coal in an Entrained Flow Gasifier". Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 48, nr 1 (2015): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.13we221.

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46

Xu, Tao, Yongping Wu i Sankar Bhattacharya. "Gasification kinetic modelling of Victorian brown coal chars and validity for entrained flow gasification in CO2". International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 31, nr 3 (maj 2021): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2021.03.001.

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47

Wu, Zhiqiang, Haiyu Meng, Zhengyuan Luo, Lin Chen, Jun Zhao i Shuzhong Wang. "Performance evaluation on co-gasification of bituminous coal and wheat straw in entrained flow gasification system". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, nr 30 (lipiec 2017): 18884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.05.144.

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48

Lu, Xijia, i Ting Wang. "Water–gas shift modeling in coal gasification in an entrained-flow gasifier – Part 2: Gasification application". Fuel 108 (czerwiec 2013): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.02.024.

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49

Mularski, Jakub, i Norbert Modliński. "Impact of Chemistry–Turbulence Interaction Modeling Approach on the CFD Simulations of Entrained Flow Coal Gasification". Energies 13, nr 23 (7.12.2020): 6467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236467.

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This paper examines the impact of different chemistry–turbulence interaction approaches on the accuracy of simulations of coal gasification in entrained flow reactors. Infinitely fast chemistry is compared with the eddy dissipation concept considering the influence of turbulence on chemical reactions. Additionally, ideal plug flow reactor study and perfectly stirred reactor study are carried out to estimate the accuracy of chosen simplified chemical kinetic schemes in comparison with two detailed mechanisms. The most accurate global approach and the detailed one are further implemented in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Special attention is paid to the water–gas shift reaction, which is found to have the key impact on the final gas composition. Three different reactors are examined: a pilot-scale Mitsubishi Heavy Industries reactor, a laboratory-scale reactor at Brigham Young University and a Conoco-Philips E-gas reactor. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of gas phase reaction model accuracy on simulations of the entrained flow gasification process. The investigation covers the following issues: impact of the choice of gas phase kinetic reactions mechanism as well as influence of the turbulence–chemistry interaction model. The advanced turbulence–chemistry models with the complex kinetic mechanisms showed the best agreement with the experimental data.
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50

von Bohnstein, Maximilian, Coskun Yildiz, Lorenz Frigge, Jochen Ströhle i Bernd Epple. "Simulation Study of the Formation of Corrosive Gases in Coal Combustion in an Entrained Flow Reactor". Energies 13, nr 17 (1.09.2020): 4523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174523.

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Gaseous sulfur species play a major role in high temperature corrosion of pulverized coal fired furnaces. The prediction of sulfur species concentrations by 3D-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation allows the identification of furnace wall regions that are exposed to corrosive gases, so that countermeasures against corrosion can be applied. In the present work, a model for the release of sulfur and chlorine species during coal combustion is presented. The model is based on the mineral matter transformation of sulfur and chlorine bearing minerals under coal combustion conditions. The model is appended to a detailed reaction mechanism for gaseous sulfur and chlorine species and hydrocarbon related reactions, as well as a global three-step mechanism for coal devolatilization, char combustion, and char gasification. Experiments in an entrained flow were carried out to validate the developed model. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of an entrained flow reactor were performed by CFD using the developed model. Calculated concentrations of SO2, H2S, COS, and HCl showed good agreement with the measurements. Hence, the developed model can be regarded as a reliable method for the prediction of corrosive sulfur and chlorine species in coal fired furnaces. Further improvement is needed in the prediction of some minor trace species.
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