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1
Tahir, A. (Ali). "Powering remote area base stations by renewable energy". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201712053278.
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Abstract. The number of cellular subscriptions have seen a tremendous growth in the last decade and to provide connectivity for everyone has led to growth in number of base stations (BSs). BSs installed at places where reliable grid power is not available has increased and will continue to increase in the coming years to connect everybody on the globe. Energy and cost efficiency is becoming a criterion of ever increasing importance in the information and communication technology sector. Energy and cost efficiency is especially important for remote areas where providing mobile communication services is inhibited by the economic drawback of low revenue potential.
In this thesis, we discuss the role of BS power consumption in the cellular networks in order to investigate approaches to lower the overall power consumption of the cellular network. The thesis covers structure of a BS and the power consumption of its components. Previous works and research approaches proposed to reduce the power consumption of BSs and to what extent they can lower the power requirement are discussed. Reducing the BS power consumption will reduce the operating cost for the networks and ease the deployment of BSs in remote areas. Also discussed are the two key technical features of 5th generation cellular access networks (beam forming through massive multiple input multiple output antenna systems and ultra-lean system design) that are promising in terms of reducing the BS power consumption.
Furthermore, we discuss viable sources of renewable energy that can be used to power BSs in the remote areas. An overview of the renewable energy resources that can be used for this purpose (solar and wind energy) and their availability in different regions is discussed. The setups for harnessing solar and wind energy to generate power are presented in this thesis.
For different cases requirements of wind and solar energy systems to power the BSs are calculated. Results show that while solar energy alone is a feasible option in regions at low latitude, small solar energy systems of 4–7 kW rated output power can easily power BS during the entire year. But in regions of high latitude using solar energy alone cannot meet the BS power requirement as there are long durations of very low or negligible solar irradiation levels. Furthermore, the energy produced by small wind energy setups at different wind speeds is investigated for the purpose of powering BSs. We discuss the range of windspeed levels for which the energy produced is sufficient to power a BS. Areas with average windspeeds of 5–8 m/s are very suitable for using wind energy as a source of power for BSs. Hybrid energy systems to power BSs and also a few energy storage options to store excess power are also discussed in this thesis.
2
Бабій, Михайло Семенович, Михаил Семенович Бабий i Mykhailo Semenovych Babii. "Gait recognition on base of representation in spatiotemporal area". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55650.
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New method of automatic gait
recognition from video is proposed. The method
works with a sequence of silhouettes derived from the
video after background subtraction, decreasing
shadows and noise. Two-dimensional silhouette shape
is converted into one-dimensional signal presenting
distance from center of gravity to outline of this
silhouette. A set of signals extracted from a sequence
of silhouettes forms a two-dimensional picture.
The features extraction is performed using Gabor
wavelets. Testing the method on the samples of
CASIA gait database showed high recognition
accuracy.
3
Shrestha, Survesh Bahadur. "Defect Detection on Rail Base Area Using Infrared Thermography". OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2758.
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This research aims to investigate the application of infrared thermography (IRT) as a method of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for the detection of defects in the rail base area. Rails have to withstand harsh conditions during their application. Therefore, defects can develop in the base area of rails due to stresses such as bending, shear, contact, and thermal stresses, fatigue, and corrosion. Such defects can cause catastrophic failures in the rails, ultimately leading to train derailments. Rail base defects due to fatigue and corrosion are difficult to detect and currently there are no reliable or practical non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods for finding these types of defects in the revenue service. Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) had previously conducted a research on the capability of flash IRT to detect defects in rail base area based on simulation approach. The research covered in this thesis is the continuation of the same project.In this research, three rail samples were prepared with each containing a notched-edge, side-drilled holes (SDHs), and bottom-drilled holes (BDHs). Two steel sample blocks containing BDHs and SDHs of different sizes and depths were also prepared. Preliminary IRT trials were conducted on the steel samples to obtain an optimal IRT setup configuration. The initial inspections for one of the steel samples were outsourced to Thermal Wave Imaging (TWI) where they employed Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR) technique to enhance the resulting images. Additional inspections of the steel samples were performed in the Southern Illinois University-Carbondale (SIUC) facility. In case of the rail samples, the SDHs and the notched-edge reflectors could not be detected in any of the experimental trials performed in this research. In addition, two more rail samples containing BDHs were prepared to investigate the detection capabilities for three different surface conditions: painted, unpainted, and rusted. The painted surface provided a best-case scenario for inspections while the other conditions offered further insight on correlating the application to industry-like cases.A 1300 W halogen lamp was employed as the heat source for providing continuous thermal excitation for various durations. Post-processing and analysis of the resulting thermal images was performed within the acquisition software using built-in analysis tools such as temperature probes, Region of Interest (ROI) based intensity profiles, and smoothing filters. The minimum defect diameter to depth (aspect) ratio detected in preliminary trials for the steel sample blocks were 1.0 at a diameter of 4.7625 mm (0.1875 in) and 1.5 at a diameter of 3.175 mm (0.125 in). For the inspection of painted rail sample, the longest exposure times (10 sec) provided the best detection capabilities in all sets of trials. The three holes having aspect ratio greater or equal to 1.0 were indicated in the thermal response of the painted and rusted samples while only the two holes having aspect ratio greater or equal to 1.5 were indicated in the unaltered sample. Indications of reflectors were identified through qualitative graphical analysis of pixel intensity distributions obtained along a bending line profile. The results obtained from the painted sample provided a baseline for analyzing the results from the unpainted and rusted rail samples. This provided an insight on the limitations and requirements for future development. The primary takeaway is the need for an optimized heat source. Poor contrast in the resulting image for the unpainted and rusted rail samples is experienced due to both noise and lack of penetration of the heat energy. This could have been due to decreased emissivity values. Moreover, the excitation method employed in this research does not comply with current industry standards for track clearances. Therefore, exploration of alternative excitation methods is recommended.
4
Halaburda, Pablo. "Terrorism base potential in the tri-border area of Latin America". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FHalaburda.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Kalev Sepp. "December 2006." AD-A462 564. Includes bibliographical references (p.83-89). Also available via the World Wide Web.
5
Chan, Gordon Yiu Ming. "The Communist resistance movement in war-torn Guangdong, China, 1937-1945". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28792/.
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This doctoral dissertation traces the origins of the East River and the Hainan Base Areas, which were established by the Chinese Communist Party in Guangdong during the Anti-Japanese War (1937-45) and explains why they failed to achieve the kind of dramatic expansion as did their northern counterparts. As the case of the East River Base Area demonstrates, the major problem which confronted the Party was the limited scope of Japanese occupation. The absence of widespread political anarchy on the Guangdong mainland did not only trigger much initial debate among Party leaders over the possibility of guerrilla mobilisation but also imposed severe constraints on local attempts to construct Communist bases. In Hainan, although the political-military situation was more favourable, the Party's plan of developing the island into a Communist stronghold in South China still ended up in a merely theoretical construct. Among those important factors which contributed to its frustration were inadequate resources at the Party's disposal, the loss of radio communication between Hainan and the Party Centre in Yan'an, the intense Japanese "mopping-up" campaigns and the island's age-long Li-Han racial conflict. It was not until mid-1944 that the Japanese Ichigo offensive created in Guangdong an environment conducive to the reduplication of the Communist expansion in the north. Unfortunately, this extensive enemy occupation came to the province too late and was too short. Japan's sudden surrender in August 1945 thwarted Mao Zedong's ambitious efforts of combining the Communist bases in Central and South China. By examining the reasons for the underdevelopment of the two southern bases, this study raises some important questions about the Communist wartime movement such as the limits of Mao's model of base construction and the need of a dynamic balance between central supervision and local initiatives for achieving the Communist revolution.
6
Dang, Anh Xuan-Hung. "Study of warpage of base substrates and materials for large-area MCM-D packaging". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17804.
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Kamel, Mozhdeh. "Extending the precision time protocol to a metropolitan area network : Synchronizing radio base stations". Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141136.
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When building various types of wide area cellular radio networks there is a need to synchronize all of the base stations within a given system. Today this is typically done by attaching a highly accurate clock to each radio base station. A GPS radio receiver is commonly used as such a clock. This thesis explores the use of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) to provide synchronization of radio base stations, rather than the current practice of using GPS radio receivers. Advantages of utilizing PTP rather than a GPS radio receiver include the ability to easily locate radio base stations (without the need for connecting the GPS radio receiver to an antenna that has line of sight to a sufficient number of GPS satellites); the system is not vulnerable to interference with or jamming of GPS radio signals; the system is not vulnerable to spoofing of GPS radio signals, and because the new generations of radio base stations are connected to a packet based backhaul link – the system can potentially utilize the existing packet network interface (thus avoiding the need for a serial interface to the GPS receiver and a pulse per second input). At the start of this thesis project it was not known what the limits of PTP are (in terms of utilizing PTP together with radio base stations). Thus it was not clear whether PTP could be extended to much longer distances than it had originally been designed for.<p> This thesis shows that PTP can be used as an accurate timing source to synchronize base stations in networks with up to four switches between the PTP grandmaster and any PTP slave.<p> This project was performed in the Common Transport Feature department at Ericsson.Vid konstruktion av wide area cellular radio networks finns det behov av att synkronisera samtliga basstationer inom ett givet system. Detta görs idag typiskt genom att ansluta en klocka med stor tillförlitlighet till varje basstation. En GPS radiomottagare används vanligen som klocka för detta syfte. Detta examensarbete undersöker användandet av Precisions Tid Protokoll (PTP) för att synkronisera radiobasstationer, istället för att som nu typiskt använda GPS radiomottagare. Fördelar med att använda PTP istället för GPS radiomottagare är att en radiobasstation lätt kan lokaliseras (utan att ansluta en GPS-mottagare till en antenn vilken har mottagning mot flera GPS-satelliter); systemet är inte sårbart mot interferens eller störningar av GPS radio signaler; systemet är inte sårbart mot spoofing av GPS radio signaler och på grund av att den nya generationens radiobasstationer är anslutna till ett paketförmedlande backhaul nätverk kan systemet potentiellt använda sig av det redan existerande paketförmedlande nätverksgränssnittet (och på sätt undvika ett seriellt gränssnitt mot en GPS-mottagare och en puls per sekund ingång). När detta examensarbete startades var det inte känt var gränserna för PTP låg när det gäller att använda PTP tillsammans med radiobasstationer. Det var således inte klart ifall räckvidden för PTP kunde utvidgas till mycket längre avstånd än det ursprungligen var ämnat för. Detta examensarbete syftar till att visa att PTP kan användas som tillräckligt noggrann synkroniseringskälla för basstationer i nätverk med upp till fyra nätverksswitchar mellan PTP Grand Master och PTP slav. Examensarbetet har utförts vid avdelning Common Transport Feature på Ericsson.
8
McElhinney, Rob. "Style and genesis of base metal sulphide mineralisation of Angas prospect - Strathalbyn area, South Australia /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.bm141.pdf.
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Hernandez, Andrea B. "Analysis of marketing and customer satisfaction in base housing communities of the Monterey Bay area". Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10770.
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MBA Professional ReportAn analysis of the base housing organization Clark/Pinnacle revealed factors of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the organization's current organizational and marketing strategies. Research was conducted through management interviews, a focus group that explained the Clark/Pinnacle housing process, archival material, a housing survey provided by Residential Communities Initiative management, and use of the Clark/Pinnacle website. Measurement factors were identified as: property, move-in process, management, amenities, services, and security. The data collected from the research indicated that survey results and management opinion are different at various levels. The analyses of these differences identified problems with the current marketing and structure of the housing organization. Solutions and specific recommendations were concluded from the research.
10
Клок, Сергій Володимирович, Serhii Volodymyrovych Klok, Анатолій Олександрович Корнус, Anatolii Oleksandrovych Kornus, Олена Сергіївна Данильченко i Olena Serhiivna Danylchenko. "Current State of Snow Cover in the Area of Ukrainian Antarctic Research Base "Academician Vernadsky"". Scientific Committee Antarctic Research, 2020. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9112.
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The paper analyzes the results of comprehensive observations of the snow cover in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic research base "Academician Vernadsky" for 1986-2019. It has been established that the formation of a snow mass of 2-3 m high in the region occurs under relatively warm conditions (average January temperature of 0.7 °C, the sum of the temperatures of the winter months is -23.7 °C) and during long (6-7 months) winter. Because of it, snow falls wet, its temperature is close to 0 °C, the dynamic factor increases its density to 0.5 g/cm3 and higher.Аналізуються результати комплексних спостережень за сніговим покривом в районі Української антарктичної дослідницької станції «Академік Вернадський» за 1986-2019 роки. Встановлено, що утворення снігової маси висотою 2-3 м у регіоні відбувається за відносно теплих умов (середня температура січня 0,7°С, сума температур зимових місяців -23,7°С) та протягом тривалої (6-7 місяців) зими. Через це сніг падає мокрим, температура його близька до 0°C, динамічний коефіцієнт збільшує його щільність до 0,5 г/см3 і вище.
11
Akyol, Ali Akin. "Material Characterization Of Ancient Mural Paintings And Related Base Materials: A Case Study Of Zeugma Archaeological Area". Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611185/index.pdf.
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In this study, two sample sets from Zeugma Archaeological Area had been
examined. The sample Set I includes 7 sediment, 18 stone, 4 brick/roof tile, 9 mortar,
4 plaster samples and the sample Set II consists of 24 mural painting samples.
Samples were examined to get their raw material characteristics, mineralogical and
chemical compositions, and microstructural properties using various analytical
techniques such as Optical Microscopy, XRD, FTIR, PED-XRF, SEM-EDX and
Raman Spectroscopy. In addition, mikroclimatic monitorings for temperature and
relative humidity were also performed in that area.
Sediments were calcereous soils of Eocene. Rock types of stones were mainly
limestone which had 3 subgroups: micritic, biomicritic and recrytallised micritic
limestones. The source of the limestones should be from the local formation.
The firing temperature of brick/roof tile samples were estimated as 800-850°C. Binder of mortar samples were mainly lime. Aggregate materials of brick/roof tiles, mortars, plasters and mural paintings may come from the river deposites of Euphrates. Mural painting samples have one intonaco layer, and single or double arriccio layers. The mural painting technique was fresco technique. Calcite was common mineral identified for all pigments. The sources of white, black and green coloured pigments were found as vaterite, graphite and malachite respectively. The sources of yellow coloured pigments were identified as ankerite, siderite and goethite. The red colours were identified as hematite, jasper and red earth/ochre. Jasper and vaterite, jasper and calcite, red earth/ochre and calcite, and hematite were the colour forming minerals of pink coloured pigments.
12
Hsieh, Sheau-Ling. "AI-BASED WORKSTATIONS AND KNOWLEDGE BASE SERVER DESIGN FOR AUTOMATED STAFFING IN A LOCAL AREA NETWORK (ELECTRONIC MAIL)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275542.
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Tristão, Ana Maria Delazari. "Fontes de informação da area de engenharia civil : estudo da base de dados ICONDA-the International Construction Database". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1996. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/158018.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro TecnologicoMade available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T20:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1996
Esta dissertação tem como objetivos estruturar uma coletânea de fontes de informação da área de construção civil, e avaliar uma fonte específica da área - a base de dados ICONDA - The International Construction Database. A coleta de dados foi realizada junto aos alunos pesquisadores dos cursos de pós-graduação em engenharia civil e engenharia de produção civil da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina e alunos pesquisadores de pós-graduação em engenharia civil e administração da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho utiliza como critérios para avaliação da base de dados a relevância dos documentos recuperados e o aspecto de cobertura. Na pesquisa conclui-se que a base de dados ICONDA recupera razoavelmente informações relevantes, atende a necessidade de informação dos pesquisadores em 75% dos casos, porém não cobre significativamente a literatura internacional da área, contendo muitos registros de documentos do continente europeu, principalmente da Alemanha.
14
De, la Rosa Nina N. "Exploring the Use of Everglades Agricultural Area Canal Water as Base Medium for the Mass Production of Algae for Biofuels". FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1689.
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Freshwater use is a major concern in the mass production of algae for biofuels. This project examined the use of canal water obtained from the Everglades Agricultural Area as a base medium for the mass production of algae. This water is not suitable for human consumption, and it is currently used for crop irrigation. A variety of canals were found to be suitable for water collection. Comparison of two methods for algal production showed no significant difference in biomass accumulation. It was discovered that synthetic reticulated foam can be used for algal biomass collection and harvest, and there is potential for its application in large-scale operations. Finally, it was determined that high alkaline conditions may help limit contaminants and competing organisms in growing algae cultures.
15
Fanigliulo, Claudio. "Valutazione su base stocastica dell'area contribuente al deflusso fluviale". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15097/.
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Il bilancio idrologico sul bacino idrografico talvolta non si chiude in pareggio; questo è dovuto alla presenza di incertezze nei dati o nella modellazione dei processi. Una delle possibili cause può essere individuata nell'area contribuente del bacino idrografico la quale viene determinata su base strettamente topografica tramite l'identificazione delle linee di spartiacque. Però, la sua definizione potrebbe non essere corretta in quanto l'area contribuente risulta influenzata anche dalla presenza di spartiacque sotterranei i quali potrebbero non essere rilevati.
Tale problematica è stata affrontata considerando un numero rilevante di bacini idrografici distribuiti sia sul territorio nazionale che europeo. La base dati a disposizione è costituita da serie temporali di precipitazione, evapotraspirazione e portata rilevate alle diverse stazioni di chiusura. Il modello idrologico utilizzato è un modello afflussi-deflussi, concentrato di tipo concettuale, a cinque parametri, denominato HyMOD.
La struttura di tale modello è stata modificata andando a considerare l'area contribuente come una variabile casuale, rendendo così il modello a sei parametri. Si è proceduto alla calibrazione del modello attraverso tre diversi algoritmi di ottimizzazione andando a confrontare il valore dell'area contribuente, stimata dal modello, con l'area reale di partenza.
Nel primo capitolo vengono illustrati i concetti fondamentali dell'idrologia e del ciclo idrologico, della modellistica idrologica e della calibrazione dei modelli idrologici.
Nel secondo capitolo viene presentato il modello afflussi-deflussi utilizzato e la sua relativa modifica. Inoltre, viene descritta la calibrazione del modello e i diversi algoritmi utilizzati.
Nel terzo capitolo vengono presentati i bacini idrografici considerati, le loro caratteristiche e i dati a disposizione.
Nel quarto capitolo si analizza il lavoro svolto presentando e discutendo i risultati ottenuti.
16
André, Léo. "Prediction of French day-ahead electricity prices: Comparison between a deterministic and a stochastic approach". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163721.
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This thesis deals with the new flow-based computation method used in the Central Western Europe Area. This is done on the financial side. The main aim is to produce some robust methods for predicting. Two approaches are used: the first one is based on a deterministic and algorithmic method involving the study of the interaction between the fundamentals and the prices. The other one is a more statistical approach based on a time series modeling of the French flow-based prices. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages which will be discussed in the following. The work is mainly based on global simulated data provided by CASC in their implementation phase of the flow-base in Western Europe.Denna avhandling behandlar den nya flödesbaserade beräkningsmetoden som används i Centrala Västeuropa på ekonomisidan. Målet är att producera tillförlitliga metoder för prognostisering. Två tillvägagångssätt kan användas: den första är baserad på en deterministisk och algoritmisk metod som inbegriper studier av interaktionen mellan fundamenta och priserna. Den andra är en mer statistisk metod som bygger på en tidsseriemodellering av de franska flödesbaserade priserna. Båda tillvägagångssätten har fördelar och nackdelar som kommer som diskuteras i det följande. Arbetet är främst baserade på globala simulerade data från CASC i genomförandefasen av flödesbasen i Västeuropa.
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Hilton, Shaun Todd. "Full-Scale Pavement Testing of Aggregate Base Material Stabilized with Triaxial Geogrid". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6328.
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The objective of this research was to investigate the structural capacity of aggregate base materials stabilized with triaxial geogrid placed in a full-scale pavement involving control, or unstabilized, sections. Field testing was performed on a roadway in northeastern Utah that was 16 km (10 miles) long and included 10 test sections, seven stabilized sections and three control sections, each having five test locations. The pavement structure was comprised of a hot mix asphalt layer overlying an untreated aggregate base layer of varying thickness, depending on the test section. Except for the control sections, one or two layers of geogrid were incorporated into portions of the pavement structure at different locations. Falling-weight deflectometer testing and dynamic cone penetrometer testing were used to evaluate the structural capacity of the aggregate base layer in each pavement section. For data analysis, the Rohde's method was applied in conjunction with the 1993 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials pavement design guide methodology, and the Area under the Pavement Profile (AUPP) method was applied in conjunction with a mechanistic-empirical pavement analysis. Statistical analyses were then performed to enable comparisons of the test sections. Field results indicated that the asphalt layer thickness was consistently 140 mm (5.5 in.) at all 10 test sections, and the base layer thickness varied from 360 mm (14 in.) to 510 mm (20 in.). The results of the statistical analyses indicated that the majority of the 45 possible pairwise comparisons among the test sections were not statistically significant, meaning that variations in the presence and position of triaxial geogrid at those sections did not appear to affect the structural capacity. The remaining comparisons, however, were statistically significant and involved the test sections with the highest structural capacity. While one of these was unexpectedly an unstabilized control section, the others were constructed using one or two layers of geogrid in the base layer. In addition to being statistically significant, the observed differences were also practically important. Increases in the observed base layer coefficient from 0.12 to 0.18 correspond to an increase in the allowable number of equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) from 5.9 million to 19.2 million at the research site, while decreases in the observed AUPP value from 340 mm (13.37 in.) to 213 mm (8.38 in.) correspond to an increase in the allowable number of ESALs from 3.7 million to 17.3 million at the research site. These results indicate that, when geogrid reinforcement is compatible with the given aggregate base material and proper construction practices are followed, statistically significant and practically important increases in pavement design life can be achieved.
18
Gebremariam, Solomon Gebresilassie. "Nature and characteristics of metasedimentary rock hosted gold and base metal mineralization in the Workamba area, central Tigray, northern Ethiopia". kostenfrei, 2009. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10882/.
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Gebremariam, Solomon. "Nature and characteristics of metasedimentary rock hosted gold and base metal mineralization in the Workamba area, central Tigray, northern Ethiopia". Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-108823.
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Van, der Westhuizen Lélani. "Dermal and respiratory exposure to cobalt salts in a packaging area of a base metal refinery / Lelani van der Westhuizen". Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4884.
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Cobalt is a commonly known sensitiser in industrial settings and has been classified
by the IARC as a possible group (2B) human carcinogen. Workers at a South African
base metal refinery are potentially exposed to cobalt in the cobalt packaging area.
The respiratory and dermal exposure to cobalt is a possible health risk. Quantifying
the exposures levels assists in determining the degree of the risk as well as the
management thereof. The objectives of this study were to assess dermal and
respiratory exposure of workers at a cobalt packaging area and to assess their skin
condition by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin hydration indices.
The skin hydration index was measured on the back of the hand, forehead, wrist and
palm at the start, during and end of the shift. The TEWL index was measured at the
start and end of the shift on the same areas as the hydration index. Ghostwipes
was chosen as preferred wipe sampling media to collect dermal and surface
samples. Wipe samples were also taken on suspected contaminated workplace
surfaces. Respiratory samples were taken by using the Institute of Occupational
Medicine (IOM) inhalable aerosol sampler at a flow rate of 2 l/min. Wipes and
respiratory samples were analysed for cobalt according to NIOSH method 9102
using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). The
hydration indices indicated that worker’s skin are slightly dry to normal at the
beginning of the shift. Hydration on the wrist increased significantly during the shift.
TEWL indices increased significantly on the back of the hand, wrist and forehead
during the shift. TEWL indices of the palm showed a low barrier function before the
shift and deteriorated further to a very low barrier function at the end of the shift.
Significant dermal cobalt loading occurred on the back of the hand, forehead, wrist
and palm during the shift. The palm was the most exposed and the forehead least.
The barrier function of the skin is most likely to be affected by exposure to cobalt.
The skin condition of workers put them at greater risk to develop adverse health
effects of cobalt. Workplace surfaces were contaminated with cobalt. Airborne
cobalt was visible at different working stations. Cobalt exposure is due to numerous
sources in the packaging area, thus contributing to the dermal exposure. Respiratory
exposure exceeded the 8 hour occupational exposure limit for most of the workers.
The guidance limit for short term exposure was exceeded by half of the workers. It is
important to minimise the exposure to cobalt in packaging area. Manifestation of the
adverse health effects are usually not visible in the short term, the necessary
precautions have to be taken to protect the workers.Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
21
Motsetsela, Nteboheleng. "Small scale egg production for enhanced food security empowerment of women in agriculture in Thaba-Nchu area : project management base line /". [Bloemfontein] : Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/78504017.html.
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Ghissoni, Sidinei. "Decomposição de coeficientes trigonométricos para a redução de área e potência em arquiteturas FFT híbridas na base 2". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/67864.
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A crescente utilização de equipamentos móveis que empregam a transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT) nas operações de sinal digital pode ter seu uso restrito devido ao comprometimento da durabilidade da bateria e de suas dimensões. Estas possíveis limitações de uso fazem crescer a necessidade do desenvolvimento de técnicas que visam à otimização nos três requisitos básicos de projeto digital: dissipação de potência, área e atraso. Para tanto, é abordado neste trabalho um método que realiza a implementação de arquiteturas FFT com ênfase na otimização através da decomposição dos coeficientes trigonométricos. No cálculo da FFT, as borboletas desempenham um papel central, uma vez que permitem o cálculo de termos complexos. Neste cálculo, que envolve multiplicações dos dados de entrada com coeficientes trigonométricos apropriados, a otimização das borboletas pode contribuir diretamente para a redução de potência e área. Na técnica proposta são analisados quais são os coeficientes trigonométricos existentes na arquitetura FFT utilizada como base e a escolha para decomposição será o que apresentar o menor custo de implementação em hardware. A decomposição de um coeficiente deve garantir a reconstituição de todos os demais coeficientes necessários para a implementação de toda a arquitetura FFT. Assim, a decomposição diminui o número de coeficientes necessários para reconstruir a FFT original. O conjunto dos novos coeficientes gerados são implementados com apenas somadores\subtratores e deslocamentos através de Multiplicação de Matrizes Constantes (CMM – Constant Matrix Multiplication), associados a um sistema de controle com multiplexadores que controlam o caminho para a correta operação da FFT. As implementações dos circuitos somadores/subtratores são realizadas com métrica no nível de portas lógicas, visando menor atraso e dissipação de potência para topologias com somadores dos tipos CSA (Carry Save Adder) e Ripple carry. Os resultados apresentados pelo método proposto, quando comparados com soluções da literatura, são significativamente satisfatórios, pois minimizaram a dissipação de potência e área em 30% e 24% respectivamente. Os resultados apresentam também a redução de componentes somadores necessários para a implementação de arquiteturas FFTs.The increasing use of mobile devices using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) operations in digital signal may have its use restricted due compromising the durability of the battery and its dimensions. These possible limitations on usage makes grow the need to develop techniques aimed at optimizing the three basic requirements of digital design: power dissipation, area and delay. Therefore, this thesis discusses a method that performs the FFT implementation of architectures with emphasis on optimization through decomposition of twiddle factors (trigonometric coefficients). In the FFT the butterflies play a key role, since it allows the computation of complex terms. In this calculation, which involves multiplications of input data with appropriate twiddle factors, optimization of the butterflies can contribute directly to the reduction in power and area. In the proposed technique are analyzed what are the twiddle factors existing in FFT architecture used as a basis and to choose the decomposition that provide the lowest cost hardware implementation. The decomposition of coefficient to must ensure the rebuilding of all the other twiddle factors necessary for the implementation of the architecture FFT. Thus, the decomposition decreases the number of twiddle factors needed to reconstruct the original FFT. The new sets of coefficients generated are implemented with only adders\subtracters and shifting through of Constants Matrix Multiplication (CMM). A control system of multiplexers makes the way for the correct operation of the FFT. The implementations of the circuits arithmetic adders/subtracters are performed at the gate level, seeking lower delay and power consumption for topologies with adders types of CSA (Carry Save Adder) and Ripple carry. The results presented by the proposed method, compared with literature solutions are significantly satisfactory, since minimized power dissipation and area as well as reduced component adders required for implementation architectures FFTs.
23
Cassol, Neidi Krewer, Amélia Silveira i Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. "A produção científica na area de empreendedorismo feminino :análise dos estudos indexados na base de dados do Institute For Scientific Information (ISI) /". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2006. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2006/322073_1_1.pdf.
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Stagliano', Giovanni. "On special quadratic birational transformations of a projective space". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1337.
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A birational map from a projective space onto a not too much singular projective variety with a single irreducible non-singular base locus scheme (special birational transformation) is a rare enough phenomenon to allow meaningful and concise classification results.
We shall concentrate on transformations defined by quadratic equations onto some varieties (especially projective hypersurfaces of small degree), where quite surprisingly the base loci are interesting projective manifolds appearing in other contexts; for example, exceptions for adjunction theory, small degree or small codimensional manifolds, Severi or more generally homogeneous varieties.
In particular, we shall classify:
quadro-quadric transformations into a quadric hypersurface;
quadro-cubic transformations into a del Pezzo variety;
transformations whose base locus (scheme) has dimension at most three.
25
Carnemolla, Teresa Manuela. "Alimenti funzionali: profili di consumo e disponibilità a pagare prodotti da forno a base di lupino e fibra di arancia". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3786.
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L ambito nutrizionale è stato caratterizzato da numerosi studi scientifici orientati, inizialmente, sulle malattie causate da carenze nutrizionali e progressivamente volti alla scoperta di principi nutritivi associati alle linee guida per una corretta e sana alimentazione. Negli ultimi decenni, invece, si è assistito ad una crescente incidenza di patologie definite malattie dell abbondanza , in combinazione con errati stili di vita e di alimentazione (Hilliam, 1998; Sirò et al., 2008; Bonanno, 2012).
Il fenomeno degli alimenti funzionali, è stato analizzato negli ultimi anni da un vasto corpo letterario che ha fornito importanti, anche se ancora limitate, informazioni sulle caratteristiche del mercato e sull analisi del comportamento dei consumatori di tali alimenti (Bonanno 2012; Siro' et al., 2008).
In tale ambito, sono state approfondite ricerche esaminando studi sul grado di consapevolezza del consumatore rispetto a tali alimenti, sulle preferenze dei consumatori, sulle motivazioni che guidano l acquisto e la disponibilità a pagare i prodotti alimentari funzionali.
La necessità di approfondire le conoscenze sui comportamenti dei consumatori e le motivazioni che regolano le scelte verso beni alimentari con caratteristiche funzionali genera un interesse sia tra i produttori, indirizzati a soddisfare i bisogni che caratterizzano il mercato, sia tra le istituzioni pubbliche in grado di collegare la diffusione di questi alimenti con politiche di promozione della salute pubblica. L industria alimentare nel tentativo di lanciare un nuovo prodotto nel mercato incontra non poche difficoltà legate alla valutazione delle preferenze dei consumatori e la percezione verso le innovazioni tecnologiche utilizzate nella produzione alimentare.
In riferimento a numerosi studi empirici sul tema degli alimenti funzionali, il lavoro si è orientato su questa categoria di alimenti con particolare attenzione ai prodotti da forno realizzati nell ambito del progetto di ricerca multidisciplinare dal titolo Alimenti Funzionali e integratori nutraceutici a base di lupino bianco e derivati di agrumi - ALI.FU.I.DE.A. finanziato dalla linea di intervento 4.1.1.1 del PO FESR Sicilia 2007-2013 in cui era prevista la produzione di un biscotto con caratteristiche funzionali a base di lupino e fibra di arancia attualmente non presente nel mercato.
Gli obiettivi principali di questo studio avevano due finalità: in primo luogo individuare le variabili che condizionano il consumatore sulle scelte di acquisto di prodotti alimentari funzionali; successivamente stimare la disponibilità a pagare per un biscotto con caratteristiche funzionali rispetto ad un biscotto convenzionale già presente nel mercato.
Le indagini condotte hanno fornito un ampio patrimonio di informazioni allo scopo di valorizzare e ottenere dati utili a comprendere e interpretare il profilo del consumatore, i valori alimentari configurati come le motivazioni individuo-specifiche che regolano le scelte di acquisto e la disponibilità a pagare un prodotto alimentare funzionale.
In base alle informazioni derivanti da queste indagini sono state formulate delle valutazioni conclusive che permettono di riassumere i principali risultati e di sviluppare future ricerche focalizzate ai comportamenti dei consumatori verso gli alimenti funzionali.
26
Auditore, Roberta. "Progettazione e caratterizzazione, mediante metodiche analitiche classiche ed innovative, di una possibile formulazione farmaceutica a base di Amlodipina Besilato". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1348.
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L Amlodipina Besilato è un farmaco caratterizzato da polveri cristalline lentamente solubili in acqua, anche se appartiene alla classe I BCS. Ciò implica che è difficile scioglierla rapidamente in acqua. Inoltre in commercio non è presente in formulazioni specifiche per gli animali, ma solo in compresse per l uomo che risultano ad alto dosaggio per animali da affezione.
Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è stato quello di riuscire ad ottenere una polvere facilmente solubile in acqua per scioglierla estemporaneamente e somministrarla nel dosaggio ottimale all animale.
Inoltre, nel tentativo di abbassare il dosaggio si è cercato di ottenere l enantiorisoluzione dell AML dal momento che solo l (S)-AML è responsabile dell effetto antiipertensivo e al giorno d oggi l AML è disponibile in commercio solamente sottoforma di racemato.
Tale obiettivo è stato raggiunto usando come polimero in grado di aumentare la velocità di dissoluzione, il polimero solubile beta ciclodestrina; come tecnica di complessazione la solubilizzazione /liofilizzazione.
Gli studi pre-formulativi condotti hanno previsto la valutazione degli effetti delle diverse composizioni del complesso; la valutazione della tecnica di complessazione utilizzata sulle proprietà morfologiche, analitiche e di dissoluzione della polvere ottenuta, rendendo possibile l individuazione delle condizioni ottimali del processo di complessazione. Tali condizioni di processo risultano essere: utilizzo di un rapporto polimero/farmaco 1:2 adeguato per la preparazione di un complesso stabile ed altamente solubile.
La procedura usata è risultata efficace nel complessare l AML e, in particolare, il complesso ottenuto ha mostrato un adeguato profilo di rilascio in vitro.
Quindi, il polimero solubile di beta-ciclodestrina sembra in grado non solo di aumentare la bagnabilità e la solubilità della polvere del farmaco in esame, ma anche di incrementare la velocità di dissoluzione dell AML, rilasciando tutta la dose di p.a. caricata in acqua in pochi minuti (5 min, 98%), permettendo così di sciogliere rapidamente la polvere di farmaco complessata e di dosare perfettamente l AML.
Inoltre con questo studio sono state trovate delle condizioni ottimali per poter separare enantiomericamente l AML e poterla distinguere dalle due delle sue impurezze, mediante due tecniche la Cromatografia Liquida Capillare (CLC) e l'elettrocromatografia (CEC).
Ambedue le tecniche sono alquanto innovative e rispondono alle esigenze più comuni in campo analitico, ovvero alta efficienza, alta sensibilità, minimo consumo di reagenti, tempi di analisi ridotti. Almeno per la parte sperimentale fin qui condotta, la CEC sembra mostrare migliori risultati quanto a tempo di analisi e risoluzione.
Tuttavia l applicazione di un voltaggio alle estremità di un capillare impaccato rende più lunghe le operazioni necessarie al condizionamento del capillare e necessita di una maggiore attenzione nel controllo degli effetti ad esso attribuibili (corrente, formazione di bolle).
Infine, non si esclude che sia possibile ottenere in futuro risultati migliori con entrambe le tecniche con nuove strumentazioni costruite ad hoc. Infatti, finora sono stati usati solo apparecchi nati per LC o CE opportunamente adattati.
Lo studio non è attualmente concluso, in quanto è in progetto di effettuare la convalida del metodo in CEC e l applicazione a farmaci attualmente in uso.
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Costa, Quézia Pereira Borges da [UNESP]. "Desempenho e características da carcaça de bovinos nelores terminados em confinamento com dietas a base de caroço de algodão". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95213.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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costa_qpb_me_botfmvz.pdf: 262265 bytes, checksum: f71e4223093b9c69558ab8dc8d579bfa (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a influência da adição de caroço de algodão à dieta de bovinos confinados sobre o desempenho animal e características de carcaça. Usaram-se trinta e seis bovinos Nelores, que apresentavam, ao início do experimento, idade média de 20 meses e peso vivo médio de 333,5 kg. Os animais foram confinados e receberam dietas com os seguintes teores de caroço: 0; 14,35%; 27,51%; e 34,09% na matéria seca da dieta. O ganho de peso diário, peso vivo final e consumo de matéria seca diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da proporção de caroço na dieta. Não foi observado efeito sobre o ganho de peso total ajustado ao consumo, o que indica ausência de efeito sobre a eficiência alimentar. Os pesos da carcaça e do contrafilé diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da proporção de caroço na dieta. No entanto, o peso da carcaça e o peso do contrafilé, quando ajustados ao peso vivo final, não mostraram influência da proporção de caroço, o que sugere não ter ocorrido efeito deste na proporção de carcaça ou de contrafilé nos animais. Não foi observado efeito do teor de caroço sobre a área de olho-de-lombo. Já a espessura de gordura de cobertura do dorso e da garupa diminuíram com o aumento do teor de caroço. Este efeito persistiu ao se ajustar estas variáveis para o peso vivo final, o que sugere um efeito direto do caroço de algodão sobre a deposição de gordura. Observouse uma correlação de 0,62 entre as duas medidas de gordura. A adição de caroço de algodão à dieta de bovinos de corte não se mostrou vantajosa, já que este diminuiu o desempenho animal e a deposição de gordura na carcaça.
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of adding whole cottonseed to the diet of feedlot cattle on the performance and carcass traits. Thirty six Nellore bullocks were used, with an average age of 20 months and average initial weight of 333.5 kg. The animals were raised on feedlot and fed diets with the following contents of whole cottonseed: 0; 14.35%; 27.51%; or 34.09% on a dry matter basis. The daily weight gain, final weight and dry matter intake decresed lineraly as the proportion of cottonseed increased. No effect of cottonseed on total weight gain adjusted for intake was observed, which indicates no effect on feed efficiency. Carcass and ribeye weights decresed linearly as cottonseed content increased. However, carcass and ribeye weights, when adjusted for final liveweight, did not show influence of cottonseed content, which suggests that no effect occurred on the percentage of carcass or ribeye. No effect of cottonseed content was observed for ribeye area. In contrast, back fat and rump fat thickness decreased as cottonseed content increased. This effect remained when these variables were adjusted for final liveweight, which suggests a direct effect of whole cottonseed on fat deposition. A correlation of .62 was observed between back fat and rump fat. Adding whole cottonseed to beef cattle diets did not prove advantageous, because it reduced animal performance and carcass fat deposition.
28
Longo, Luigi. "Tecniche costruttive post-terremoto 1693 nel sud-est della Sicila - Recupero e riuso dell'edilizia di base dei centri storici". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1472.
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Il moltiplicarsi delle ricerche sulle tecniche costruttive, in particolar modo nell arco di tempo che intercorre dal terremoto del 1693, ( All'unnici di Jinnaru a vintin'ura a Jaci senza sonu s'abballava, cui sutta li petri e cui sutta li mura e cui a misericordia chiamava ) ad oggi, trova la sua ragione non solo nell esigenza di accrescere la conoscenza del patrimonio architettonico, dei materiali usati e delle maestranze, ma soprattutto la necessità di garantirne la conservazione. La ricerca scaturisce dall esigenza di reinterpretare le tecniche ed i procedimenti costruttivi tradizionali, al fine di un appropriato inquadramento della componente tecnologica, sia nella conservazione dei centri urbanizzati che nella definizione di soluzioni progettuali conformi ai caratteri tipologici del costruito. Lo studio dei processi costruttivi permette di ricercare gli aspetti tecnologici e fattuali, i sistemi di produzione e di approvvigionamento delle materie prime dell epoca, il relativo ambiente socio-economico, la committenza e le competenze delle maestranze; consentendo in tal modo di avere la più vasta conoscenza dell architettura che ci ha precorso e di operare verso un progetto di recupero in grado di salvaguardare sia i valori materiali che immateriali.
In una logica del restauro di cui Cesare Brandi comprende il riconoscimento critico che costituisce la più valida premessa ad ogni aspettativa di salvaguardia e di buona conservazione, sottolineando che non esiste vero rimedio alle mutilazioni e ai danni subiti da un monumento, per trascuratezza o per attenzioni improprie; che si potrà effettuare una riparazione o anche una copia al vero, ma l originalità di ciò che si è perso rimarrà irrecuperabile. Ciò impone un approccio eminentemente conservativo, informato a criteri di massima cautela e di rispetto e ai principi guida elaborati in due secoli di riflessione per il tradizionale restauro artistico ed architettonico, criticamente e scientificamente inteso: la distinguibilità, il minimo intervento e la sua potenziale reversibilità, il rispetto per l autenticità e della materia antica, la compatibilità chimico-fisica delle aggiunte .
Da qui nasce il progetto di un indagine riguardante le tecniche costruttive nel sud-est della Sicilia, in particolar modo riferita a quella che un tempo era la Val di Noto, e nello specifico alle Province di Catania (area etnea), di Siracusa e di Ragusa (area iblea); tutto ciò allo scopo di evitare il rischio di una cancellazione di ogni traccia, testimonianza e documento fattuale post sisma 1693, preso atto che antecedentemente a questa data non è rimasto alcun segno materiale.
Il recupero del patrimonio edilizio esistente costituisce la prioritaria risposta alle attuali esigenze abitative in quanto i volumi costruiti risultano oggi preponderanti rispetto agli incrementi di popolazione. Per tale ragione l applicazione della metodologia tipologica risulta quella più rispondente alla salvaguardia del contesto costruito storico .
Tale studio è stato condotto secondo le linee guida della metodologia sviluppata da Saverio Muratori, il quale ci ha consentito di evidenziare, con riferimento al singolo organismo architettonico, il percorso logico che lega le scelte tecnologiche, relative ai materiali e ai sistemi costruttivi, all organizzazione spaziale e alla risoluzione formale. Una approfondita lettura del tipo edilizio e del patrimonio insediativo minore storicamente consolidato va condotta come afferma lo stesso Muratori, attraverso le fasi, non temporali ma coscenziali, della logica, ovvero dei materiali e degli elementi tecnologici; dell economia, o delle tecniche costruttive; dell etica, o dell organizzazione funzionale; dell estetica, ovvero dell aspetto formale .
29
Evans, Hugo. "De-Basing the San Francisco Bay Area: The Racial, Regional, and Environmental Politics of the 1991-1995 Brac Military Closures". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1383584349.
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30
Athanasiou, Anastasia. "Dynamic identification of the Augusta hybrid base isolated building using data from full scale push and sudden release tests". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3745.
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A three-story reinforced concrete building in Augusta (IT), isolated at the base and designed according to the provisions
of the latest Italian seismic regulations,
was subjected to a series of push and sudden release tests in March 2013.
The Augusta isolation system is hybrid, consisting of 16 High Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB) and 20 Low Friction Sliding Bearings (LFSB). The tests were characterized by a long quasi-static phase, where the building was pushed slowly to the desired
displacement amplitude (sliding velocity $\approx 0.1mm/sec$, strain bearing demand $\gamma=0.39-0.78$),
and a dynamic phase where the building was left free to oscillate.
The duration of the dynamic phase was utmost $1 \%$ the duration of the static phase.
The recordings included the displacements at the isolation level and the floor accelerations.
A baseline fitting scheme was developed for the removal of the low frequency noise in the records.
Application of the adjustment scheme provided reliable estimates of the floor velocities and displacements.
The advantage of the proposed signal processing method other than its simplicity,
is its ability to account for boundary conditions, for instance initial and residual displacements.
Once the signals obtained from all eight tests performed were adjusted,
they were used in the identification of the non-linear isolation system and the
flexible superstructure (linear in the range of interest).
The identification was performed in the time domain using the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy,
a stochastic algorithm for difficult, non linear black-box optimization.
The identification of the isolation system provided the mass of the rigid block,
the bi-linear properties used in the mechanical representation of the rubber bearings
and the sliding coefficient of friction for the Coulomb model used in the modelling of the sliders.
The obtained parameters, showed that rubber bearing properties were closer to the corresponding
static laboratory properties, therefore implying that after the long quasi-static phase
the HDRBs did not have time to recover their dynamic properties.
The identified sliding coefficient of friction was in average $1\%$, leading to significant energy dissipation.
The identified superstructure properties were the distribution of the floor masses,
the modal frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes.
The identified data for the isolation system and the superstructure were input
in a synthesized model of the isolated Augusta building,
for the dynamic response simulation of the structure.
A constrained optimization algorithm was developed ad hoc
for the time-step solution of the coupled equations of motion.
The obtained simulated response of the Augusta building
matched the experimental response, in terms of displacements, velocities and accelerations.
31
Messanvi, Agnès. "Composants photoniques à base de fils de nitrures d'élément III : du fil unique aux assemblées". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY062/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur la réalisation de composants photoniques à base de fils de nitrures III-V. Les fils de GaN non-catalysés ont été élaborés de manière auto-assemblée par épitaxie en phase vapeur aux organométalliques (MOVPE) sur saphir. Un des axes de ce travail a porté sur la croissance organisée de ces fils à travers un réseau d’ouvertures défini par lithographie et gravure d’une couche de SiNx. Nous avons étudié en particulier l’influence des paramètres de croissance (température, pression, ratio V/III) et du motif sur l’homogénéité de la croissance sélective. Ces fils ont servi de substrat pour la croissance d’hétérostructures radiales cœur-coquille InGaN/GaN.D’autre part, la croissance, la fabrication et les propriétés physiques de trois types de composant ont pu être étudiées :-Des cellules solaires à fils uniques. Nous avons comparé l’efficacité de conversion de deux types d’hétérostructures : des coquilles épaisses d’In0.1Ga0.9N et des coquilles à 15 et 30 puits quantiques In0.18Ga0.82N/GaN. Après optimisation du contact électrique sur la coquille p-GaN, un rendement maximal de 0,33 % a été obtenu avec des fils à 30 puits quantiques sous éclairement équivalent à 1 soleil (AM1.5G). Le seuil d’absorption mesuré par spectroscopie de photocourant varie entre 400 et 440 nm.- Une plateforme émetteur-détecteur. Le système, qui fonctionne à 400 nm, comprend deux fils de GaN à hétérostructure radiale InGaN/GaN positionnés sur le même substrat et couplés par un guide d’onde en SiNx. La caractérisation électrique du dispositif a mis en évidence une durée de commutation inférieure à 0,25 s sans photocourant persistant.- Des diodes électroluminescentes (LED) flexibles. Ces diodes qui émettant dans le visible (400-470 nm) ont été réalisées en se basant sur une approche hybride organique/inorganique. Les fils émetteurs à puits quantiques InGaN/GaN sont encapsulés dans une matrice organique de PDMS puis détachés de leur substrat de croissance. Les contacts sont réalisés à partir de nanofils d’argent qui présentent l’avantage d’être à la fois flexibles, transparents et conducteurs. A partir de ce procédé, une LED bicolore flexible a été réalisée en combinant des émetteurs bleus et « verts »This thesis reports on the realization of photonic devices based on nitride wires. Self-assembled GaN wires were grown without catalyst by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOCVD) on sapphire substrates. Part of this work focused on the selective area growth of GaN wires through a dielectric SiNx mask with regular arrays of holes defined by lithography and dry etching. We studied the influence of the growth conditions (temperature, pressure, V/III ratio) and pattern geometry on the homogeneity of the selective area growth. These wires were used as templates for the growth of core-shell InGaN/GaN heterostructures. In addition, the growth, microfabrication process and properties of three types of devices were studied:- Single wire solar cells. We compared the efficiency of two type of heterostructures: shells composed of thick In0.1Ga0.9N layers and In0.18Ga0.82N/GaN quantum wells. After optimization of the electrical contact on the p-GaN shell, a maximal conversion efficiency of 0,33 % was obtained on single GaN wires with a shell of 30 quantum wells under 1 sun illumination (AM1.5G). Photocurrent spectroscopy revealed that the wire absorption edge varied between 400 and 440 nm.- An integrated photonic platform. The system, that operates around 400 nm, is composed of two GaN wires with radial InGaN/GaN heterostructures positioned on the same substrate and coupled with a SiNx waveguide. The electrical characterization of the platform revealed a switching speed inferior to 0.25 s without persistent photocurrent.- Flexible light emitting diodes (LED). The LED fabrication is based on a dual approach which associates inorganic InGaN/GaN emitters (400-470 nm) and a polymer. The wires are encapsulated in a PDMS matrix before being detached from their native substrate. Electrical contacts are made with silver nanowires which are flexible, highly conductive and transparent in the visible range. Based on this procedure a two-color LED was realized by stacking a blue and a “green” LED
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HAGIHARA, Akio, 秋男 萩原, Kazuyoshi YAMAJI i 和義 山路. "Dimension Relations of Branches in Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.)Endl.)". 名古屋大学農学部付属演習林, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8693.
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Costa, Quézia Pereira Borges da 1982. "Desempenho e características da carcaça de bovinos nelores terminados em confinamento com dietas a base de caroço de algodão /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95213.
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Orientador: Francisco Stefano WechslerBanca: Roberto de Oliveira Roça
Banca: Paulo Roberto Leme
Resumo: Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a influência da adição de caroço de algodão à dieta de bovinos confinados sobre o desempenho animal e características de carcaça. Usaram-se trinta e seis bovinos Nelores, que apresentavam, ao início do experimento, idade média de 20 meses e peso vivo médio de 333,5 kg. Os animais foram confinados e receberam dietas com os seguintes teores de caroço: 0; 14,35%; 27,51%; e 34,09% na matéria seca da dieta. O ganho de peso diário, peso vivo final e consumo de matéria seca diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da proporção de caroço na dieta. Não foi observado efeito sobre o ganho de peso total ajustado ao consumo, o que indica ausência de efeito sobre a eficiência alimentar. Os pesos da carcaça e do contrafilé diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da proporção de caroço na dieta. No entanto, o peso da carcaça e o peso do contrafilé, quando ajustados ao peso vivo final, não mostraram influência da proporção de caroço, o que sugere não ter ocorrido efeito deste na proporção de carcaça ou de contrafilé nos animais. Não foi observado efeito do teor de caroço sobre a área de olho-de-lombo. Já a espessura de gordura de cobertura do dorso e da garupa diminuíram com o aumento do teor de caroço. Este efeito persistiu ao se ajustar estas variáveis para o peso vivo final, o que sugere um efeito direto do caroço de algodão sobre a deposição de gordura. Observouse uma correlação de 0,62 entre as duas medidas de gordura. A adição de caroço de algodão à dieta de bovinos de corte não se mostrou vantajosa, já que este diminuiu o desempenho animal e a deposição de gordura na carcaça.
Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of adding whole cottonseed to the diet of feedlot cattle on the performance and carcass traits. Thirty six Nellore bullocks were used, with an average age of 20 months and average initial weight of 333.5 kg. The animals were raised on feedlot and fed diets with the following contents of whole cottonseed: 0; 14.35%; 27.51%; or 34.09% on a dry matter basis. The daily weight gain, final weight and dry matter intake decresed lineraly as the proportion of cottonseed increased. No effect of cottonseed on total weight gain adjusted for intake was observed, which indicates no effect on feed efficiency. Carcass and ribeye weights decresed linearly as cottonseed content increased. However, carcass and ribeye weights, when adjusted for final liveweight, did not show influence of cottonseed content, which suggests that no effect occurred on the percentage of carcass or ribeye. No effect of cottonseed content was observed for ribeye area. In contrast, back fat and rump fat thickness decreased as cottonseed content increased. This effect remained when these variables were adjusted for final liveweight, which suggests a direct effect of whole cottonseed on fat deposition. A correlation of .62 was observed between back fat and rump fat. Adding whole cottonseed to beef cattle diets did not prove advantageous, because it reduced animal performance and carcass fat deposition.
Mestre
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Ponte, Santos Abel. "El estilo de liderazgo transformacional del docente y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del área de Comunicación del pre grado base 2013-II - Facultad de Educación- UNMSM". Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9296.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEstudia el problema de si existe o no el grado de correlacion significativa entre el estilo de liderazgo transformacional del docente y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del área de Comunicación del pre-grado de la base 2013-II de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MARCOS (UNMSM). La hipótesis, que se formula es el estilo de liderazgo transformacional del docente está en relación significativa con el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del área de Comunicación. La técnica de muestreo que se utilizó estuvo intacta ya que se aplicó el instrumento a la totalidad de los elementos de la población a efectos de minimizar el margen de error y poder generalizar los resultados a todos los estudiantes. Es necesario precisar que, como la población es pequeña, se tomó como muestra a la totalidad de la población. Para obtener el acopio de información valiosa sobre la variable liderazgo transformacional se utilizó una encuesta para ser aplicada a los estudiantes del área de Comunicación de la base 2013-II. El total de encuestados fueron 42 estudiantes. Asimismo, para la variable rendimiento académico se utilizó el acta de notas, es decir, el promedio obtenido por los estudiantes al final del ciclo 2013 II. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que los coeficientes de correlación de dos de las cinco dimensiones del estilo de liderazgo transformacional (Motivación inspiracional y estimulación intelectual) son altos y estadísticamente significativos. Mientras que otros dos de cinco coeficientes de correlación (acompañamiento y tolerancia psicológica) son moderados y estadísticamente significativo. Por otro lado; una de las cinco dimensiones es débil pero estadísticamente significativo. En general, existe un alto grado de correlacion de Pearson (0,618) entre el estilo de liderazgo transformacional del docente y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes; asimismo se evidencia una tendencia positiva en el grado de significancia(0,000). Asimismo, para este estudio se empleó el diseño no experimental de investigación, específicamente es de tipo descriptivo transversal-correlacional, considerando que se miden y describen las variables, en un momento determinado, utilizando los principales y pertinentes estadígrafos (frecuencias, porcentajes, gráficos) de la estadística descriptiva, luego se midió el grado de asociación entre las variables del estudio (coeficiente de Pearson) y se determinó estadísticamente la relación significativa entre ellas utilizando pruebas de hipótesis. Los resultados muestran que de los cinco coeficientes de correlación de Pearson que miden el grado de asociación entre los valores de las variables son estadísticamente significativos y positivos. Esto indica que existe una relación alta directa y proporcional entre el estilo de liderazgo transformacional con el rendimiento académico, es decir, mientras más sea el docente un líder transformacional mejor será el rendimiento académico de sus estudiantes del área de Comunicación de la Facultad de Educación de la UNMSM.
Tesis
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Oliveri, Ivan Pietro. "Zinc(II) Schiff Base Complexes and their Aggregation/Deaggregation Properties: Versatile and Multifunctional Materials as Chemosensors and Building Blocks for New Supramolecular Architectures". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1292.
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In this PhD thesis the synthesis, characterization, and study of the aggregation/deaggregation properties of a series of amphiphilic bis(salicylaldiminato)ZnII Schiff base complexes, involving different bridging diamino groups, and their applications as molecular probes, nonlinear optical (NLO) and vapochromic materials, as well as synthons for the formation of new fibrillar and branched supramolecular nanostructures, are reported.
Through detailed 1H NMR, DOSY NMR and optical spectroscopic studies, it is found that these species always form aggregates in solution of non-coordinating solvents. The degree of aggregation is related to the nature of the bridging diamine. In coordinating solvents or in the presence of coordinating species, a complete deaggregation of all complexes occurs because of the axial coordination to the ZnII ion, accompanied by considerable changes of the 1H NMR and optical absorption and fluorescence spectra. Moreover, an easy switch-on of the NLO response upon addition of a Lewis base, such a pyridine, with formation of a 1:1 adduct, or 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethane, with formation of a 2:1 adduct, is observed. As the amount of the coordinating species for the complete deaggregation of the complexes is dependent of the Lewis character of the ZnII ion, an order of the Lewis acidic character can be established for the aggregate species in non-coordinating solvents. The effect of the alkyl chain length seems to play a minor role in the aggregation properties, since 1H NMR data, optical absorption and fluorescence spectra remain almost unaltered upon changing the chain lengths. The complexes having benzene ring bridge form fibrillar nanostructures whose width is influenced by the degree of interdigitation of side alkyl chains.
The Lewis acid properties of the complexes having 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile bridge, with respect a series of primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines, and several alkaloids, are also investigated. Through the analysis of fluorescence titrations, it is found that the binding interaction, the selectivity and the sensitivity of these complexes are strongly influenced by the steric characteristics of the nitrogen based donors and then by their Lewis basicity, leading to high selectivity, in the micromolar range, and sensitivity for pyridine-based, cinchona alkaloids, primary and alicyclic amines. A distinct selectivity is also observed along the series of secondary or tertiary amines, paralleling the increasing steric hindrance at the nitrogen atom. Moreover, these complexes have been also involved as reference Lewis acids, to build up a reliable Lewis basicity scale in dichloromethane for amines and various common solvents whose trend is influenced by the steric hindrance of both the Lewis bases and the reference Lewis acid. The these complexes have also investigated as vapochromic materials, able to change their colour upon exposure to volatile Lewis bases, allowing their application as chemosensors for volatile Lewis bases in the solid state.
Finally, new branched nanostructures have been achieved for a ZnII Schiff base complex having an alkyl ammonium bromide in the alkyl side chains. Unlike to studies on the aforementioned amphiphilic complexes, in this case the control of the supramolecular architecture is governed by intermolecular Zn---Br interactions.
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Andrew, Kathryn Pauline Elizabeth. "Geology and genesis of the wolf precious metal epithermal prospect and the capoose base and precious metal porphyry-style prospect, Capoose Lake area, central British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27791.
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The Wolf and Capoose prospects represent two distinctly different types of precious metal deposits in volcanic rocks of the Stikinia terrane, central British Columbia.
At the Wolf prospect, auriferous and argeniferous metallic minerals are in bladed quartz-carbonate veins and heterolithic breccias within Lutetian calc-alkaline rhyolite of the Ootsa Lake Group. Electrum, native silver, and silver sulphosalts occur as inclusions in and adjacent to pyrite in five silicic zones which have eight recognisable phases of veining and brecciation and are bordered by argillic and sericitic altered rhyolite. Fluid inclusions define growth zones in precious metal-bearing quartz-carbonate veins and precious metal-poor drusy quartz veins. The inclusions are primary, two-phase, liquid-rich, low salinity, and low C0₂. Homogenization temperatures of quartz-carbonate veins are 270°C and 170°C and in the late drusy quartz veins, 250°C. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of vein quartz, rhyolite, and alkali feldspar phenocrysts indicate that depositional fluids were ¹⁸0 depleted by 4 to 9 0/00.
Ootsa Lake Group rocks at Wolf are formed by explosive eruptions and flows, related to a ring fault. Flat-lying rhyolite tuffs and flows are intruded by cogenetic stocks and dykes in a caldera collapse setting. Precious metal deposition occurred as one event related to quartz-carbonate veins. Later drusy quartz veins precipitated from a different fluid. Primary fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures show that fluids which deposited quartz-carbonate were boiling and existed under both hydrostatic and near lithostatic pressures at depths of about 100 m. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions indicate a high degree of isotopic exchange between rhyolite and large volumes of low ¹⁸0 content meteoric fluids. The fluids evolved to a non-boiling, lower salinity, extremely ¹⁸0 depleted, precious metal-poor variety which precipitated late drusy quartz veins. Geological setting, vein and breccia textures, alteration, metal distribution and depositional fluid evolution at Wolf resemble a low sulphur, epithermal hot spring or silicified stockwork deposit.
At the Capoose prospect, auriferous and argeniferous metallic minerals occur as inclusions within disseminated galena and sphalerite in calc-alkaline Maastrichtian rhyolite sills intrusive into Lower and Middle Jurassic Hazelton Group volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Flow-banded, spherulitic rhyolite sills are preserved within a minor horst. Spessartines in the sills are similar in composition to plutonic garnets with less than 5% change in end member composition from rim to core. They occur adjacent to disseminated, aggregate and vein galena, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Sulphide and spessartine accummulations are commonly surrounded by muscovite and quartz coronas. Sulphide poor quartz and calcite veining is in hornfelsed Hazelton Group rocks peripheral to the sills. Phyllic alteration is restricted to the sills and overprints mineralized zones. Primary two-phase, liquid-rich, low salinity, low C0₂ fluid inclusions from late silicate veins homogenize from 285°C to 335°C. Rhyolite sills are not depleted in ¹⁸0 whereas sericite, quartz and calcite are.
Spessartine in rhyolite sills at Capoose crystallized as late phenocrysts stabilized by high manganese content. They provided a nucleus for sulphide deposition shortly after sill emplacement in groundwater saturated, permeable Hazelton Group rocks. Cooling, crystallization and fracture development in the sills initiated hydrothermal circulation and phyllic alteration with late quartz and calcite veins related to collapse of the hydrothermal system. Lead-zinc mineralization occurred as two events, with only one related to precious metal and copper deposition. Oxygen isotope compositions of quartz-garnet mineral separate pairs indicate crystallization of garnets and sulphides from magmatic fluids at temperatures from 528°C to 725°C. Sericite, quartz and calcite precipitated from meteoric fluids. In summary, hydrothermal fluids at the Capoose prospect evolved from early, high temperature magmatic fluids to late lower temperature, low salinity, meteoric fluids. The geological setting, silicate and sulphide mineralogy, alteration, metal distribution and depositional fluid compositions at Capoose resemble a low-grade, epigenetic, intrusion-related, porphyry-style deposit.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Afzal, Humaira. "Modelling and analysis of dynamic spectrum sharing in cognitive radio based wireless regional area networks : modelling and performance evaluation of initialization and network association of customer premise equipments with the base station in cognitive radio based IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7317.
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The development of the IEEE 802.22 standard is aimed at providing broadband access in rural areas by effectively utilizing the unused TV band, provided no harmful interference is caused to the incumbent operation. This thesis presents the analytical framework to evaluate the number of active customer premise equipments (CPEs) in a wireless regional area network. Initial ranging is the primary process in IEEE 802.22 networks for CPEs to access the network and establish their connections with the base station (BS). A comprehensive analysis of initial ranging mechanism is provided in this work and initial ranging request success probability is derived based on the number of contended CPEs and the initial contention window size. Further, the average ranging success delay is derived for the maximum backoff stages. The collision probability is highly dependent on the size of the initial contention window and the number of contended CPEs. To keep it at a specific level, it is necessary for the BS to schedule the required size of the initial contention window to facilitate the maximum number of CPEs to establish their connections with reasonable delay. Therefore, the optimized initial window size is proposed that meets the collision probability constraint for a particular number of contended CPEs. An analytical model is also developed to estimate the ranging request collision probability depending upon the size of initial contention window and the number of contended CPEs. Moreover, this approximation provides the threshold size for contention window to start the initial ranging process in the IEEE 802.22 network.
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Delgado, Chávez Diego Leonel, i Kong Giancarlo Sánchez. "Las bebidas funcionales en el consumidor peruano actual y el replanteamiento de la estrategia comercial de Arca Continental Lindley en base a las nuevas tendencias de consumo de bebidas". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623508.
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La presente investigación pretende examinar al consumidor limeño actual del mercado de bebidas no alcohólicas, y sacar una conclusión que permita a la empresa Arca Continental Lindley y al mercado de bebidas no alcohólicas, a redefinir su estrategia comercial a partir de las nuevas tendencias de alimentación, siendo que las bebidas gasificadas están siendo desplazadas por las bebidas funcionales.
Se presentarán como parte de la investigación ciertos estudios que justifican la relevancia de la misma, toda vez que la preocupación por la salud se ha tornado fundamental en las personas, pasando a investigar directamente al consumidor limeño, sus cambios en los hábitos de consumo y como esto ha afectado en las oportunidades de compra que ha experimentado, para que, de esta forma, podamos confirmar la hipótesis y determinar un replanteamiento de estrategia comercial para la empresa en cuestión.The objective of this investigation is to examinate the local consumer of non-alcoholic drinks, and make a conclusion that allows Arca Continental Lindley and all the companys involved, to redefine it’s commercial strategy because of the new feeding tendences, and because soda is being displaced by the non gasificated drinks. As part of the investigation, some studies that justifies the relevance of this matter are going to be presented, because the concern about health is a trending topic nowadays on people. After that, we are going to investigate the limenian consumer, their changes in their feeding habits and how this has affected in their buying opportunities, so, in this way, we could confirm our hypothesis and determinate a change in the commercial strategy for Arca Continental Lindley.
Tesis
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Lindbäck, Linda. "Trädstruktur i sandtallskogar i Norrbotten : Förekomst av ett urval av mykorrhizasvampar". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172152.
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The aim with this study was to investigate factors that affect the occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi species of nature conservation concern in sand pine forests in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2019, the occurrence of fruit-bodies of the species in focus was inventoried in 21 forest stands in three different areas located in three municipalities on land that SCA Skog owns and manages in Norrbotten County. The fungi included in study had been noted in the studied areas in previous inventories between the years 2013–2016, which makes it possible to compare variation in fruit body production between years. Specifically, the study tested whether mean age and diameter of trees, and base area and size of forest stands affect the occurrence of fruit bodies of the studied mycorrhiza species in the forest stands. A multiple regression analysis found a positive significant relationship between the number of species that occurred and the size and base area in the forest stands, while there was no effect of mean age and mean diameter of the trees. This indicates that it is important to consider the size and base area of forest stands to maintain mycorrhizal fungi when planning management in dry sandy pine forests. However, because fruit body production is highly variable among years further research is required to get a better understanding of how tree structure affect mycorrhizal fungi.
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Souza, Leticia Lopes de. "Uso da voltametria cíclica e da espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica na determinação da área superficial ativa de eletrodos modificados à base de carbono". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-21112011-095420/.
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Eletrodos à base de carbono, como os eletrodos de troca iônica, entre outros, têm aplicação principalmente no tratamento de efluentes industriais e rejeitos radioativos. Carbono é também amplamente utilizado em células a combustível como substrato para os eletrocatalisadores, por possuir elevada área superficial, que supera a sua área geométrica. O conhecimento desta superfície ativa total é importante na determinação das condições de operação de uma célula eletroquímica no que diz respeito às correntes a serem aplicadas (densidade de corrente). No presente estudo foram utilizadas duas técnicas eletroquímicas na determinação da área superficial ativa de eletrodos de carbono vítreo e poroso e eletrodos de troca iônica: espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) e voltametria cíclica (VC). Os experimentos foram realizados com soluções de KNO3 0,1 mol.L-1 em célula eletroquímica de três eletrodos: eletrodo de trabalho à base de carbono, eletrodo auxiliar de platina e eletrodo de referência de Ag/AgCl. Os eletrodos de carbono vítreo e de carbono poroso utilizado possuíam uma área geométrica de 3,14 x 10-2 cm2 e 2,83 10-1 cm2, respectivamente. O eletrodo de troca iônica foi preparado misturando-se grafite, carbono, resina de troca iônica e um aglutinante, sendo esta mistura aplicada em três camadas sobre feltro de carbono, utilizando-se nos experimentos uma área geométrica de 1,0 cm2. Por EIE determinou-se diretamente a capacitância dos materiais dos eletrodos (Cd) utilizando-se os diagramas de Bode. O valor de 172 μF.cm-2 encontrado para o carbono vítreo está de acordo com a literatura (~200 μF.cm-2). Por VC, variando a velocidade de varredura de 0,2 a 2,0 mV.s-1, determinou-se a capacitância CdS (S=área superficial ativa) na região da dupla camada elétrica (DCE) para cada um dos materiais, Por EIE, foram determinados os valores de Cd de 3,0 x 10-5 μF.cm-2 e de 11,0 x 103 μF.cm-2 para os eletrodos de carbono poroso e de troca iônica, respectivamente, o que possibilitou a determinação das áreas superficiais ativas de 3,73 x 106 cm2 e 4,72 cm2. Portanto, o uso combinado das técnicas de EIE e VC mostra-se promissor para o cálculo das áreas superficiais ativas de eletrodos à base de carbono.Carbon-based electrodes as well the ion exchange electrodes among others have been applied mainly in the treatment of industrial effluents and radioactive wastes. Carbon is also used in fuel cells as substrate for the electrocatalysts, having high surface area which surpasses its geometric area. The knowledge of the total active area is important for the determination of operating conditions of an electrochemical cell with respect to the currents to be applied (current density). In this study it was used two techniques to determine the electrochemical active surface area of glassy carbon, electrodes and ion exchange electrodes: cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experiments were carried out with KNO3 0.1 mol.L-1 solutions in a three-electrode electrochemical cell: carbon-based working electrode, platinum auxiliary electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The glassy carbon and porous carbon electrodes with geometric areas of 3.14 x 10-2 and 2.83 10-1 cm2, respectively, were used. The ion exchange electrode was prepared by mixing graphite, carbon, ion exchange resin and a binder, and this mixture was applied in three layers on carbon felt, using a geometric area of 1.0 cm2 during the experiments. The capacitance (Cd) of the materials was determined by EIS using Bode diagrams. The value of 172 μF.cm-2 found for the glassy carbon is consistent with the literature data (~200 μF.cm-2). By VC, varying the scan rate from 0.2 to 2.0 mV.s-1, the capacitance CdS (S = active surface area) in the region of the electric double layer (EDL) of each material was determined. By EIS, the values of Cd, 3.0 x 10-5 μF.cm-2 and 11 x 103 μF.cm-2, were found for the porous carbon and ion exchange electrodes, respectively, which allowed the determination of active surface areas as 3.73 x 106 cm2 and 4.72 cm2. To sum up, the combined use of EIS and CV techniques is a valuable tool for the calculation of active surface areas of carbon-based electrodes.
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Campos, Ana Claudia Burgermeister. "AVALIAÇÃO DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO NA ÁREA DA SAÚDE COM BASE NO PROGRAMA DE ACREDITAÇÃO HOSPITALAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8341.
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Nowadays, the risk situations to the health that can cause damage, or lesion, are countless, being constituted risk situations, so much the environmental conditions, the products of direct and indirect consumption, as for the human interrelations. The lenders services entities to health, looking for the efficiency and effectiveness of their methods and practices, the dinamization and optimization of their resources, they seek the excellence of their activities, in benefit of the promotion of health of the population. For so much, was formulated a concept of Accreditation - that means to grant, to an organization, an evaluation certificate that expresses the conformity with a group of patterns, previously established, developed in its national format by ONA - National Organization of Accreditation. The present study objected to evaluate an institution in health area, in this case, the Santa Maria's Military Brigade Hospital (HBMSM), with base in Hospital's Accreditation Program. This institution has a military character, auxiliary force of the State of Rio Grande do Sul Government. To acilitate the understanding of the objective of this research, it was made a theoretical referential focusing the Quality in Services, Quality in Services in Health Area, Sanitary Surveillance and Hospital s Accreditation. The study has an exploratory nature, and it also presents characteristics of qualitative research, and descriptive too, with characteristics of classic inductive method of the case study. It was used an instrument containing all the eight sections, and their respective subsections, of National Organization Hospital's Accreditation Manual
that evaluated from the Leadership and Administration to the practice of Teaching and Research, inside of the institution. Then, all conform and no-conform points were analyzed, helping the institution to reach its final objective. The results showed that in spite of HBM/SM to work well, and possess no one type of serious mistakes, it is necessary, to get the Accreditation Certificate, larger cares in the physical structure, of the hospital, and the continuation of the demanded legislations, the institution will guarantee full safety to the internal and external customers.Atualmente, as situações de risco à saúde, que possam causar dano, ou lesão, são inúmeras, constituindo-se situações de risco, tanto as condições ambientais, os produtos de consumo direto e indireto, quanto às inter-relações humanas. As entidades prestadoras de serviços à saúde, buscando a eficiência e eficácia de seus métodos e práticas, a dinamização e otimização de seus recursos, visam a excelência de suas atividades, em benefício da promoção da saúde da população. Para tanto, formulou-se o conceito de Acreditação que significa outorgar, a uma organização, um certificado de avaliação que expresse a conformidade com um conjunto de padrões, previamente estabelecidos, desenvolvido em seu formato nacional pela ONA Organização Nacional de Acreditação. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar uma instituição na área da saúde, no caso, o Hospital da Brigada Militar de Santa Maria (HBMSM), com base no Programa de Acreditação Hospitalar. Esta instituição é de caráter militar, forças auxiliares, do Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para facilitar o entendimento do objetivo da pesquisa, foi feito um referencial teórico focando a Qualidade em Serviços, Qualidade em Serviços na Área da Saúde, Vigilância Sanitária e, finalmente Acreditação Hospitalar. O estudo é de natureza exploratória, e também apresenta características de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, e descritiva, com características de método indutivo clássico, do tipo estudo de caso. Utilizou-se um instrumento contendo todas as oito seções, e suas respectivas subseções, do Manual de Acreditação Hospitalar pela Organização Nacional de Acreditação ,que avaliou a Instituição desde a Liderança e Administração até a prática de Ensino e Pesquisa, dentro da Instituição. Depois, foram analisados todos os pontos conformes, e não conformes, para que a instituição alcance o seu objetivo final. Os resultados mostraram que apesar do HBMSM funcionar bem, e não possuir nenhum tipo de erros graves, é necessário, para alcançar a certificação da Acreditação, maiores cuidados na estrutura física, do hospital, e o seguimento das legislações exigidas, pois, com isso, a Instituição estará garantindo plena segurança aos clientes internos e externos.
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GRASSO, DENIS. "Nature-Based-Solution e riduzione dei rischi idro-meteo climatici nei comparti industriali. Il caso applicativo della Regione Emilia-Romagna". Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/287383.
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La tesi si propone di indagare l’efficacia delle misure basate sulla natura (NBS) nel ridurre il livello di rischio a cui le imprese sono sempre più esposte in seguito all’aumento degli impatti meteo-climatici legati ai cambiamenti climatici e a definire uno schema concettuale per la valutazione del valore assicurativo delle soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS) che consenta un allineamento teorico e pratico tra l’approccio territoriale della “pianificazione dell’adattamento” (CCA) e l’approccio di gestione del rischio di disastri (DRR).
La possibilità di individuare e definire soluzioni efficaci alle due domande di ricerca è passata dalla definizione di una innovativa metodologia di analisi e valutazione di interventi NBS in grado di raccordare le metriche e i linguaggi della pianificazione urbanistica con quelle del mondo imprenditoriale e della finanza. Mediante l’utilizzo di un decision support system (DSS) selezionato tra decine di strumenti esistenti, si è modellizzata la capacità di tre misure NBS (Tetti verdi, aree verdi, superfici permeabili) nel ridurre i livelli di esposizione ai rischi climatici associati a due specifici eventi: le ondate di calore e le precipitazioni estreme. La metodologia di analisi elaborata è stata minuziosamente descritta al fine di metterne in evidenza punti di forza e di debolezza.
Lo studio ha dimostrato in che misura e a quali condizioni gli interventi di tipo NBS sono efficaci nel ridurre i livelli di rischio a cui differenti tipologie di aziende e interi comparti industriali sono esposti e a cui saranno sempre più esposte nel medio (2030) e lungo termine (2050). Questa efficacia delle NBS nel ridurre i livelli di rischio è stata documentata in due differenti aree di studio, l’area industriale di Bomporto (Modena) e in quella del porto di Ravenna. Le evidenze pratiche ottenute mostrano come le misure NBS modellizzate sono in grado di esprimere la loro capacità di adattamento in due contesti profondamente diversi per profili di rischio e conformazione territoriale. Gli studi condotti hanno mostrato come la riduzione dei livelli di rischio e dei conseguenti danni conseguibili mediante la realizzazione di interventi NBS si attesta per l’area industriale di Bomporto al 32% nello scenario al 2030 e al 33% in quello al 2050 rispetto lo scenario del 2018. Per quanto riguarda l’area industriale di Ravenna invece, si attesta al 21% nello scenario al 2030 e al 25% in quello al 2050 rispetto allo scenario di riferimento (2018). Questo equivale ad una consistente riduzione dei livelli di rischio meteo climatici a cui le due aree di studio sono esposte, consentendo pertanto una forte riduzione della probabilità e della magnitudo degli eventi potenzialmente più gravi in termini di danni alle imprese.
Si è infine mostrato come gli indici elaborati siano potenzialmente impiegabili in ambito assicurativo in diversi modi. Tale indice potrebbe essere collegato a prodotti assicurativi a mercato legati al tema delle catastrofi naturali con possibili sconti/sgravi nei premi per le imprese che documentano la realizzazione di interventi NBS. Si è inoltre evidenziato come un approccio di polo/area industriale consentirebbe di evitare fenomeni di selezione avversa o di discriminazione legati alla congiuntura economica delle aziende e a specifiche esposizioni al rischio meteo-climatico, permettendo di pianificare interventi multi impresa e di area vasta in cui il settore pubblico potrebbe avere un ruolo centrale come garante nelle situazioni più gravi.
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Esteves, Aline de Oliveira. "Planos de manejo de áreas de proteção ambiental e a avaliação ambiental estratégica: diretrizes e procedimentos para uma base metodológica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-29012016-153041/.
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O estabelecimento e manejo de áreas protegidas constituem importantes estratégias para a conservação e proteção da biodiversidade. Para as Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APAs), os planos de manejo são essenciais para a consecução dos objetivos. Para melhorar os resultados, alguns países utilizam a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE) na elaboração dos planos de manejo. Esta estratégia tem apresentado bons resultados, com a melhora do planejamento e da gestão da área protegida da categoria V da IUCN (equivalente à APA). No Brasil, a AAE não tem regulamentação e os planos de manejo não são submetidos a uma AAE. Para orientar a elaboração dos planos de manejo no Brasil, roteiros metodológicos são utilizados. Contudo, os planos de manejo das APAs têm apresentado uma baixa taxa de implementação. Ao constatar esse cenário, a presente pesquisa propõe diretrizes e procedimentos para a elaboração de planos de manejo de APAs a partir das contribuições da AAE. Para alcançar este objetivo, em um primeiro capítulo, as contribuições da AAE para os planos de manejo da categoria V da IUCN são avaliadas. Este cenário internacional é composto por uma avaliação de oito casos de dois Parques localizados na Escócia, onde os respectivos planos de manejo são submetidos a AAE. Para avaliar as contribuições da AAE para estes planos de manejo, critérios baseados nas diretrizes da IUCN para elaboração dos planos de manejo da categoria V e nas boas práticas da AAE (Diretiva Europeia (2001/42/CE), no Protocolo da UNECE e Therivel (2004) são utilizados. Um segundo capítulo avalia o cenário nacional do planejamento de 17 APAs localizadas nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Pernambuco e no Distrito Federal. Para a avaliação do planejamento destas APAs, a metodologia proposta por Faria (2004), que avalia a eficácia da gestão das unidades de conservação, é adaptada para o contexto do planejamento das APAs por meio das recomendações da IUCN. Os resultados do Capítulo I mostram importantes contribuições da AAE para os planos de manejo, a saber: a compatibilização dos objetivos das dimensões ambiental, social e econômica com a minimização dos conflitos entre estas dimensões; a promoção do acompanhamento da qualidade do estoque ambiental; a identificação e a avaliação do impacto do plano de manejo sobre os objetivos e a base de dados da AAE, com a avaliação de como as ações propostas podem afetar o estoque ambiental; e outros. O segundo capítulo apontou os pontos fracos e os fortes do planejamento das APAs avaliadas, como, por exemplo: a baixa execução dos planos de manejo; os planos de manejo apresentam-se com pouca utilidade prática para o dia a dia da gestão; e o monitoramento e a gestão adaptativa são precários. Em contra partida a estes pontos fracos, o zoneamento apresentou-se como uma ferramenta essencial para a gestão e como suporte às tomadas de decisão. A partir da análise do cenário nacional foi possível verificar de que maneira a AAE pode potencializar os pontos fortes e minimizar os pontos fracos. Com isso, verificou-se que a AAE apresenta potenciais contribuições para o planejamento das APAs no Brasil, como: a articulação e minimização dos conflitos entre os objetivos dos planos de manejo com outras ações estratégicas; a inserção da variável ambiental no planejamento do uso do solo; a avaliação de outras alternativas para alcançar os objetivos do plano de manejo; entre outras. Assim, ao considerar o potencial da AAE para os planos de manejo das APAs, verifica-se que a aplicação da AAE para a elaboração dos planos de manejo das APAs é necessária para otimizar potencialidades e minimizar fraquezas. Sendo assim, com base nos resultados e discussões obtidas no capítulo I e II, um terceiro capítulo é apresentado com as diretrizes e os procedimentos para uma base metodológica para a elaboração de planos de manejo de APAs com a avaliação da AAE.The plans establishment and management for protected areas are key strategies for biodiversity protection and conservation. The management plans are essential to achieving the goals for Environmental Protected Areas (EPA), one of the conservation areas types in Brazil (equivalent to IUCN category V). Some countries use Strategic Environmental Assessment to make management plans and they are getting good results. On the other hand, in Brazil, the management plans preparation applied in EPAs follow a specific methodological guide and the SEA is not applied in the context of protected areas in Brazil. However, the management plan of EPA have shown low implementation rate. In this context, the present research proposes guidelines and procedures for the preparation of EPAs management plans from the contribution of SEA. To achieve this goal, the first chapter evaluates the SEA contribution to management plans of IUCN category V protected areas. This international scenario consists of an evaluation of eight case studies of two parks of the Scotland, where theses management plans are subject to SEA. To evaluate the contributions of SEA for theses management plans, criteria based on the management guidelines for IUCN category V protected areas and on the best practice of SEA (European Directive (2001/42/EC) in the UNECE Protocol and the Therivel author (2004)) are used. The second chapter evaluated the planning of 17 EPAs in Brazil located in the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Pernambuco and Distrito Federal. The method used to evaluate the planning of these 17 EPAs was proposed by Faria (2004) and adapted for planning context of EPAs in accordance with the recommendations of IUCN. The results show SEA important contributions for plans management, namely: the compatibility of the objectives of environmental, social and economical and the minimizing conflicts between these dimensions; the monitoring the quality of the environment stock; the impact assessment of the management plans on the objectives and baseline SEA, with the evaluation of how the management plan\'s actions can affect the environment stock. As a result of the second chapter showed the weaknesses and the strengths of the planning of the evaluated 17 APAs, such as: the low implementation of management plans; management plans present with little practical use for day to day management; and monitoring and adaptive management are precarious. In contrast to these weaknesses, the zoning is a good tool for the management and support decision-making. Based on these analyzes it observed how SEA can maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses. Thus, it was found that the SEA has potential contributions to the EPAs planning in Brazil, as an example: reconcile conflicts between the objectives of the management plan with other strategic actions; the integration of the environmental issue in land use planning; and the evaluation of other alternatives for achieving the objectives of the management plan. Considering the potential of SEA to EPAs management plans, it is found that the application of the SEA for the preparation of the APAs management plans is needed to optimize strengths and minimize weaknesses. Therefore, based on the results obtained and discussions in the first and second chapter, a methodology basis with guidelines and procedures for the preparation of EPAs management plans with the evaluation of SEA is presented.
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Czura, Guillaume. "Modélisation à base d'agents de l'évacuation automobile dans un contexte d'accident technologique. Application à la ville de Rouen". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR139.
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En France, dans un contexte d’accident technologique, les consignes de mise en sécurité de la population préconisent le confinement à défaut de l’évacuation, pour laquelle les retours d’expérience à l’échelle d’une ville sont rares. De plus, s’il existe de nombreux documents de gestion du risque et de crise, ces derniers n’intègrent que de manière très marginale la population automobile, pour laquelle l’évacuation demeure pourtant la solution la plus adaptée. Le (bon) déroulement d’un tel processus dépend à la fois de la stratégie mise en place par les autorités publiques (le cas échéant) et des dynamiques de déplacement, rythmées par les choix opérés par chaque automobiliste. En effet, certains comportements individuels peuvent générer des conflits en quelques points du réseau routier et contribuer ainsi à une augmentation du temps nécessaire pour évacuer les automobilistes présents sur l’ensemble du réseau exposé. Ce travail de recherche s’est attaché, par la simulation multi-agents, à développer une méthode capable de rendre compte, dans l’espace et dans le temps, des conséquences que pourraient engendrer telle ou telle stratégie d’évacuation, à Rouen (Normandie). À partir d’une modélisation des déplacements quotidiens, une série de scénarios d’évacuation a été testée, combinant la mise en place ou non d’itinéraires spécifiques, le maintien ou non de la signalétique et l’adoption d’un comportement impatient de conduite par un certain nombre d’automobilistes. L’efficacité de chaque stratégie, définie en termes de durée d’évacuation totale, est complétée par une analyse cartographique et dynamique des zones problématiques (saturées) du réseau rouennaisIn France, when an industrial accident occurs, the population confinement mainly prevails over its evacuation. Moreover, the latter suffers a lack of experience feedbacks, especially at the city scale. In addition, while numerous risk management and crisis documents exist, they marginally integrate the car drivers, for which evacuation does remain the most appropriate solution. The (good) progress of such a process depends both on (1) the public authorities’ strategy and (2) the choices made by each car driver during his trip. Indeed, some individual behaviors can generate conflicts in some points of the road network, and thus increase the duration of the whole network discharge. Thanks to the multi-agents simulation, we developed a method able to report the spatio-temporal consequences generated by different evacuation strategies, in Rouen (Normandy). Based on a daily travel model, a series of evacuation scenarios is tested, combining whether or not specific routes are set up, whether or not signage are maintained, and the adoption of an impatient behavior by some car drivers. The effectiveness of each strategy is defined by the total evacuation duration, and completed by a cartographic and dynamic analysis of the jammed areas of the Rouen network
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Espinoza, Bartra Jose Javier. "Diseño de un sistema de gestión de servicios con base en la Norma ISO 20000-1:2018, para el area de sistemas de una entidad estatal dedicada el rubro agrario en zonas rurarles". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656375.
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El presente proyecto de investigación fue desarrollado tomando como modelo a una empresa estatal, dedicada al apoyo a agricultores de zonas rurales. Se realizó un análisis exhaustivo de los servicios brindados por la unidad de tecnologías de la información (UTI) o área de sistemas, para luego; tomando como base la norma ISO/IEC 20000-1:2018, las buenas practicas de ITIL 4 y COBIT 2019 y metodologías agiles como SCRUM; plantear un diseño de sistema de gestión de servicios (SGS-TI) que ayude a mejorar la administración, calidad y elevar el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios con respecto a los servicios de tecnologías de la información brindados.
Se identifico las amenazas que ayudaron a evidenciar los riesgos, los cuales fueron agrupados en administrativos, técnicos y operativos, con esto se pudo elaborar las matrices de riesgo y conocer los niveles de riesgos críticos y muy críticos. Se elaboro el análisis de brechas (GAP) tomando como base los 7 capítulos de desarrollo de la norma ISO 20000-1:2018 y sus 312 controles, ITIL 4 y COBIT 2019, para conocer la brecha existente con respecto al cumplimiento de la norma. Se elaboró el plan de acción, en el corto, mediano y largo plazo, los perfiles profesionales, el presupuesto y el cronograma de implementación. Con los resultados obtenidos se procedió a la elaboración del prototipo del Software Integrado de Servicios TI (SIS-TI) v1
Finalmente se procedió con la validación de resultados utilizando el método DELPHI, el ciclo de DEMING y el Product backlog de Scrum.This research project was developed taking as a model a state company, dedicated to supporting farmers in rural areas. An exhaustive analysis of the services provided by the information technology unit (UTI) or systems area was carried out, for later; based on the ISO / IEC 20000-1: 2018 standard, the good practices of ITIL 4 and COBIT 2019 and agile methodologies such as SCRUM; propose a service management system design (SGS-IT) that helps improve administration, quality and raise the level of user satisfaction with the information technology services provided. The threats that helped to show the risks were identified, which were grouped into administrative, technical and operational, with this it was possible to elaborate the risk matrices and know the levels of critical and very critical risks. The gap analysis (GAP) was developed based on the 7 development chapters of the ISO 20000-1: 2018 standard and its 312 controls, ITIL 4 and COBIT 2019, to know the existing gap with respect to compliance with the standard. The action plan, in the short, medium and long term, the professional profiles, the budget and the implementation schedule were prepared. With the results obtained, the prototype of the Integrated IT Services Software (SIS-IT) v1 was developed Finally, the results were validated using the DELPHI method, the DEMING cycle and the Scrum Product backlog.
Tesis
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Rosa, Hamilton Telles. "Emissão e crescimento de folhas e seus efeitos na produção de frutas de duas cultivares de morangueiro". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5018.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe objectives of this Dissertation were to estimate the base temperature for leaf appearance, to determine the phyllochron, and to characterize leaf area growth and yield components in two strawberry cultivars. A two year field experiment was conducted during 2008 and 2009 at the experimental area of the Crop Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, in Santa Maria, RS. The cultivars Arazá (early) and Yvapitá (late) from the Breeding Program of INIA-Uruguay were used. After rooting, seedlings were transplanted to 1,2m x 20m plots with a 10 plants m-² density. Experimental design was a complete randomizes block with four replications. After transplanting, six plants per replication were tagged with colored wines. The main crown number of accumulated leaves of the six tagged plants and the length and width of the central leaflet of two tagged plants were measured on a weekly and on a 15-day ben, respectively. Green leaf area was calculated from leaflet length and width. Base temperature (Tb) was estimated using the Mean Square Error (MSE) approach of the regression between accumulated leaf number (LN) and accumulated thermal time (TT). The phyllochron as the inverse of the slope of the regression of LN against TT. Power law equations were estimated for the allometric relationship between green leaf area and LN on the main crown. Fruit were harvested from the tagged plants when fruits had 75% of the epidermis colored. Fruits were grouped into commercials (fresh weight greater than 10g) and non commercials (fresh weight lower than 10g). Early (from first harvest until last harvest in september) and total (until 15 November) fruit yield was determined in both years. Estimated Tb for leaf appearance in both cultivars was 0°C. The phyllochron varied throughout the developmental cycle, being greater after flowering. There was difference in phyllochron berween the two cultivars and among planting dates, with greater phyllochron in the cultivar Arazá and in late planting dates. There was a good fit of the power function to the allometric relationship between leaf area and leaf number. On the main crown cultivar Arazá had greater early fruit yield. Total yield was more affected by environment than by genetic constitution.
Os objetivos nesta dissertação foram estimar a temperatura base de aparecimento de folhas, determinar o filocrono e caracterizar o crescimento da área foliar e os componentes da produção em duas cultivares de morango. Um experimento de campo foi conduzido durante os anos de 2008 e 2009 em três datas de plantio em cada ano, na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS. Foram utilizados neste estudo as cultivares Arazá (precoce) e Yvapitá (tardia) selecionadas pelo programa de melhoramento genético do INIA-Uruguai. Após o período de enraizamento, as mudas foram transplantadas para canteiros com 1,2 m de largura e 20m de comprimento. A densidade de plantio foi de 10 plantas m2. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Após o transplante, seis plantas em cada parcela foram marcadas com arame colorido e nestas plantas foram contadas semanalmente o número de folhas na coroa principal e em duas destas plantas quinzenalmente foram medidos o comprimento e a largura do folíolo central para determinação da área foliar verde. A temperatura base (Tb) foi estimada pela metodologia de menor quadrado médio do erro (QME) da regressão linear entre o número de folhas acumuladas (NF) e a Soma Térmica acumulada (STa). O filocrono foi calculado pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão linear entre NF e STa . Obtiveram-se modelos não lineares do tipo potência para a área foliar verde acumulada (AF) e o NF na coroa principal. Para determinação da produção as colheitas foram realizadas nas plantas marcadas quando as frutas apresentavam ao menos 75% da epiderme com a coloração característica da cultivar. As frutas foram classificadas em comerciais (massa fresca maior que 10g) e não comerciais (com massa fresca menor que 10g). Determinou-se a produção precoce (entre a primeira colheita a última colheita do mês de setembro) e total até 15 de novembro nos dois anos. A Tb estimada para o aparecimento de folhas das cultivares foi de 0°C. O filocrono variou durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento sendo maior após a floração. Houve diferença de filocrono entre as cultivares e entre datas de plantio, sendo maior na cultivar Arazá e maior nas datas de plantio mais tardias. Houve bom ajuste do modelo potência para caracterizar a relação alométrica entre evolução da área foliar a partir do número acumulado de folhas na coroa principal. A cultivar Arazá teve maior produção precoce que a cultivar Yvapitá. Datas de plantio antecipadas podem são mais favoráveis para produção precoce. A variação da produção foi mais afetada pelo ambiente do que pela constituição genética em morangueiro.
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Briere, Gauthier. "Réalisation de méta-optiques à base de matériaux semi-conducteurs III-V pour des applications dans le visible". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4075.
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Depuis de récentes années de nouveaux composants optiques ont fait leur apparition. Ces composants connus sous les noms de « Méta-optiques » ou encore « Métasurfaces », rendent possible le contrôle et la mise en forme du front d’onde de la lumière permettant alors de mettre en forme n’importe quel faisceau incident et ainsi créer des fonctionnalités optiques classiques telles que focaliser ou dévier la lumière, ou alors des fonctionnalités aux propriétés surprenantes telle que la réalisation de métahologramme dépendant en polarisation. En effet, grâce à l’arrangement périodique de résonateurs de dimensions géométriques sous-longueur d’onde, il est alors possible d’obtenir un contrôle local arbitraire du faisceau incident. Néanmoins, même si de nombreuses applications ont pu être démontré dans la communauté, seuls quelques matériaux se retrouvent être compatibles pour le développement industriel de ces composants. De plus, afin de passer de composant passif à actif, pour la réalisation de composant dynamique, il est nécessaire de passer de matériau diélectrique à matériau semi-conducteur. C’est pourquoi dans ces travaux, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’utilisation d’un matériau semi-conducteur qui est le Nitrure de Gallium pour la réalisation de composants métasurfaciques. Nous présentons alors dans un premier temps une étude numérique des nanostructures utilisées lors de ces travaux. Puis nous montrons comment est réalisée la conception de nos méta-optiques en présentant la méthode de design et les procédés de nanofabrications employés, notamment une nouvelle technique de gravure, compatible uniquement avec les matériaux cristallins et préservant leurs propriétés optiques. Nous exposons ensuite différentes applications où nos composants sont utilisés telles que : la réalisation de métalentilles de large ouverture numérique et de large surface, l’optimisation de réseaux métasurfaciques permettant d’atteindre des efficacités de diffraction supérieur à 80% ou encore la réalisation expérimentale de méta-hologramme permettant de conserver l’information du moment angulaire orbitale du faisceau incidentIn the past years, new optical components have appeared. These components, known as "meta-optics" or "metasurfaces", made it possible to control and to shape the wavefront of the light. This allows the control of any incident beam and the creation of conventional optical functionalities, such as focusing or deflecting the light, or functionalities with additional features such as the possibility of creating polarization-dependent meta-holograms. Indeed, thanks to the periodic arrangement of resonators with sub-wavelength geometric dimensions, it is possible to obtain an arbitrary local control of the incident beam. Nevertheless, even though many applications have been demonstrated in the community, only a few materials are found to be compatible for the industrial development of these components. In addition, in order to pass from passive to active components for the fabrication of dynamic devices, it is necessary to switch from dielectric materials to semiconductor materials. For these reasons, we are interested in the use of a semiconductor material, Gallium Nitride, for the development of metasurface components. We first present a numerical study of the nanostructures used during this work. Then, we show how the design of our meta-optics is done by presenting the numerical conception method and nanofabrication processes used, which includes a new etching technique compatible only with crystalline materials while preserving their optical properties. Finally, we suggest different applications where our components can be used, such as: the development of metalenses with high numerical aperture and large surface; the optimization of metasurface high contrast gratings allowing to reach diffraction efficiencies higher than 80%; or the fabrication of meta-holograms preserving the information of the orbital angular momentum of the incident beam
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Khan, Dawood Ashraf. "Schedulability analysis for the design of reliable and cost-effective automotive embedded systems". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL097N/document.
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Automobile système embarqué est une architecture distribuée de l'ordinateur des applications basées sur. La prolifération des systèmes embarqués dans une automobile a apporté de nombreux avantages,tels que le remplacement du système mécanique ancienne avec capteur électronique en réseau et desactionneurs, par exemple, dans des applications telles suspensions adaptatives. Le remplacement des systèmes mécaniques avec ceux électroniques et l'intégration de nouvelles fonctionnalités dans l'électronique soulève une grave préoccupation, c'est de fournir des garanties que ces systèmes embarqués seront en mesure d'effectuer, même dans des environnements difficiles, en particulier dans un système critique pour la sécurité comme un automobile. De plus, ceux-ci l'actualité informatique applications à la demande, imposée par un processus physique.Par exemple, pour éviter un événement catastrophique comme un accident de la demande de freinage doit répondre aux contraintes de minutage. Ce qui implique que la durée de temps entre l'instance de l'application du frein (à la pédale de frein) et l'instance de l'actionnement au niveau des roues d'un véhicule automobile doit être inférieure à la limite. En outre, l'application de freinage est généralement répartie sur le nombre de nœuds, qui sont embarqués communicants les uns avec les autres en utilisant une ressource de communication partagée. Par conséquent, il est important que nous fournissons des garanties que la demande, individuellement et collectivement, est atteinte de ses contrainte temporelle; qui est dans la composition de plusieurs nœuds embarqués. En outre, la prolifération des applications informatiques est également livré avec une hétérogénéité croissante et la complexité de l'architecture intégrée, ce qui conduira à l'augmentation de la complexité de l'analyse pour les systèmes automobiles.Par conséquent, il ya un besoin croissant d'assurer que ces systèmes automobiles embarqués répondre à des contraintes temporelles et de fournir des garanties de sécurité au cours de leur fonctionnement normal ou lors de situations critiques. Cette thèse vise à développer les analyses d'ordonnançabilité pour systèmes automobiles et les réseaux intégrés, avec le but de faciliter,d'une manière rentable et fiable, la conception et l'analyse des systèmes embarqués automobiles. Les analyses sont élaborées et appliquées dans le contexte de l'automobile; de façon à réduire le risque d'échec en raison de délai: les limites du matériel; frais généraux de mise en œuvre, et les interférences dues à la circulation probalisteAutomotive embedded system is a distributed architecture of computer-based applications. The proliferation of embedded systems in an automobile has brought numerous benefits; such as replacement of old mechanical system with networked electronic sensor and actuators, for example, in applications like adaptive suspensions. The replacement of mechanical systems with electronic onesand the integration of new functionality in electronics raises a serious concern; that is to provide guarantees that these embedded systems will be able to perform, even in harsh environments, particularly in a safety-critical system like an automobile.Moreover, these computer-based applications demand timeliness, imposed by a physical process. For example, to avoid a catastrophic event like a crash the braking application has to meet thetiming-constraints. This implies that the time duration between the instance of application of the brake (at brake pedal) and the instance of actuation at the wheels of an automobile should be less than the deadline. Moreover, the braking application is usually spread over number of embedded nodes, which are communicating with each other using a shared communication resource. Therefore, it is important that we provide some guarantees that an application, individually and collectively, is meeting its timing constraint; that is in the composition of multiple embedded nodes. Moreover, theproliferation of computer-based applications also comes with an increasing heterogeneity and complexity of the embedded architecture; which lead to the increase in the complexity of the analysis for the automotive systems Therefore, there is an increasing need to ensure that these automotive embedded systems meet temporal constraints and provide safety guarantees during their normal operation or during critical situations. This thesis aims at developing the schedulability analyses for automotive systems and embedded networks; with the aim to facilitate, in a cost-effective and reliable manner, the design and analysis of automotive embedded systems. The analyses are developed and applied in the automotive context; so as to reduce the risk of deadline failure due to: hardware limitations ; implementation overheads; and nterference due to probabilistic traffic
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Oliveira, Ana Cristina Rempel de. "Fatores determinantes da satisfação do visitante de Unidades de Conservação: o caso do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100140/tde-07052018-095310/.
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A satisfação dos consumidores vem sendo alvo de pesquisas acadêmicas ao menos desde a década de 1960. Entender os fatores que determinam a satisfação do consumidor pode ser crucial para o êxito do destino ou atrativo turístico. O interesse prévio pelo tipo de elemento turístico ofertado é um fator determinante na satisfação do visitante. No entanto, no caso dos destinos e atrativos turísticos naturais, essa relação é ambígua. Parece razoável supor que, quando visita um atrativo turístico natural conservado, o indivíduo mais interessado pela natureza ficará mais satisfeito com a visita do que o indivíduo que não apresenta grande interesse pelos elementos naturais. Apesar dessa relação entre o interesse pela natureza e a satisfação parecer óbvia, existe outro efeito possível. Indivíduos com maior interesse por elementos naturais podem ficar insatisfeitos com a visita a áreas naturais, quando estas apresentarem uma presença humana muito marcante. Tal incidência do elemento humano no ambiente pode se dar tanto por meio da infraestrutura quanto da visitação em larga escala. De um lado, há um efeito positivo, oriundo da relação direta entre os interesses do indivíduo e o tipo de ambiente visitado. Contudo, de outro lado, há um efeito negativo, decorrente do potencial excesso de infraestrutura e visitação. Se o efeito negativo for forte, supõe-se que ele poderá chegar a se sobrepor ao efeito positivo, fazendo com que indivíduos mais interessados pela natureza fiquem menos satisfeitos com a visitação da área natural. Para estudar essa relação ambígua, o objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar como o interesse por questões associadas à natureza influencia a satisfação do visitante de UCs. Para viabilizar a realização deste estudo, foi selecionado o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI), um atrativo turístico natural aberto à visitação, que recebe um considerável número de visitantes, que tem relevância internacional, que oferece contato com a natureza, mas também disponibiliza infraestrutura instalada e serviços aos visitantes. Seis hipóteses foram desenvolvidas e testadas por meio de um modelo de equações estruturais, estimado a partir de dados coletados em 434 entrevistas diretas com visitantes intercontinentais do PNI. Em especial, esta pesquisa estudou os efeitos da consciência ambiental do visitante sobre sua satisfação com a experiência da visita. Dentre os principais resultados 7 encontrados, constatou-se que, quanto maior a consciência ambiental, maior é a satisfação do visitante. Verificou-se, também, que, quanto maior a motivação e o interesse por turismo com base na natureza, maior a satisfação do indivíduo. Foi observado, ainda, que atributos como demasiada infraestrutura, trilhas estreitas, lojas de lembranças, lanchonetes e elevado fluxo de visitantes em alguns períodos, não reduzem o nível de satisfação dos visitantes ambientalmente conscientesConsumers satisfaction has been the subject of academic research since the 1960s, at least. Understanding the factors that determine consumers satisfaction can be crucial to the success of the destination or tourist attraction. The prior interest in the type of touristic element offered is a determinant factor in the visitors satisfaction. However, in the case of natural tourist destinations and attractions, this relationship is ambiguous. It seems reasonable to suppose that when one visits a preserved natural tourist attraction, the individual most interested in nature will be more satisfied with the visit than the individual who has no great interest in the natural elements. Although this relationship between interest in nature and satisfaction seems obvious, there is another possible effect. Individuals with a greater interest in natural elements may be dissatisfied with the visit to natural areas, when they present a very marked human presence. Such an impact of the human element on the environment can occur both through infrastructure and through large-scale visitation. In one hand, there is a positive effect, arising from the direct relation between the interests of the individual and the type of environment visited. However, on the other hand, there is a negative effect, due to the potential excess of infrastructure and visitation. If the negative effect is strong, it is assumed that it may overlap with the positive effect, making individuals more interested in nature less satisfied with the visitation of the natural area. In order to study this ambiguous relationship, the general objective of this study is to analyze how interest in issues associated with nature influences the visitors satisfaction with the UCs. In order to make this study feasible, The Iguaçu National Park (INP) was selected, a natural tourist attraction opened to visiting, which receives a considerable number of visitors, has international relevance and offers contact with nature, but also provides installed infrastructure and services to visitors. Six hypotheses were developed and tested using a model of structural equations, estimated from data collected in 434 direct interviews with intercontinental INP visitors. In particular, this study studied the effects of the visitors environmental awareness on their satisfaction with the visit experience. Among the main results found, the greater the environmental awareness, the greater the visitor\'s satisfaction. It was also verified that the greater the motivation and the interest in tourism based on nature, the greater the satisfaction of the individual. It was also observed that attributes such as too much infrastructure, narrow trails, souvenir shops, snack bars and high flow of visitors in some periods do not reduce the level of satisfaction of environmentally conscious visitors
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節子, 桐山, i Setsuko Kiriyama. "戦後沖縄の基地と軍用地料問題 : 地域を内部から問う女性運動". Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13043238/?lang=0, 2017. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13043238/?lang=0.
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本論文は、戦後沖縄における女性運動の歴史の一端をたどるものである。基地の町の女性問題が、地域が受け取る軍用地料と密接に関わり、基地維持を支える軍用地料の利権が、日米関係や地域運動と相互に関係しつつ、どのように地域を再構成し続けているかを検討する。具体的には、戦後基地の町となった国頭郡金武町字金武(金武区と並里区）で1990年代から2000年代中頃にたたかわれた軍用地料をめぐる女性差別解消運動を検討する。This thesis examines the problem concerning Camp Hansen rental payments and military bases in Okinawa since 1945, from the viewpoint of the local women's movement.The purpose is to understand the human rights, political and economic problems of women who live in military base towns in Kin-cho, the focus of our case-study. In particular, I examine the role military base rental payments have played in restructuring the area. This reconfiguration is closely interrelated with Japan-US relations, the rental income for the bases and the regional movement. This is, therefore, also the history of the women rooted in the area.
博士(現代アジア研究)
Doctor of Philosophy in Contemporary Asian Studies
同志社大学
Doshisha University