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Guérin, Julie. "Diagnostic agroenvironnemental de la fertilisation phosphatée des cultures maraîchères en sols organiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26520/26520.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNyiraneza, Judith. "Effets à long terme de différents modes de fertilisation et de systèmes de rotations sur certaines propriétés du sol et les coefficients réels d'utilisation d'engrais azoté". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26417/26417.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNafeh, Kassir Lina. "Les métaux lourds dans les engrais phosphatés et les sulfates rejetés par les industries des fertilisants : recherche sur leur transfert et leur mobilité dans les sols libanais". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0332.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo determine the impact and risk of chemical fertilizers, from their manufacture to their amendment, on soil contamination by trace metals, the study of their mobility and transfer would be necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the source of soil contamination by trace elements around the industry of chemical fertilizers, and to follow the temporal evolution of mobility and transfer of these elements in the profile of agricultural soil amended by superphosphate (SSP) fertilizers or phosphogypsum. To achieve our objective, we used techniques allowing the determination of structural and mineralogical characterization of collected soil samples, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Chemical characterization related to the total concentration of trace and major elements of collected soils was established. As mobility was unstable over time, depending on several physico-chemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, and organic matter content, a sequential extraction was adopted throughout the study over time in the amended soil profile to a depth of 55 cm. In addition, the absorption of trace elements by agricultural crops cultivated over land amended with fertilizer or phosphogypsum was analyzed over time to assess the risk of their transfer to the food chain, especially the human food chain, imposing health hazards. A comparison between the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizer was carried out in concluding this work
Pierrisnard, Françoise. "Impact de l'amendement des boues résiduaires de la ville de Marseille sur des sols à vocation agricole : comportement du Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, des hydrocarbures et des composés polaires". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30124.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeslauriers, Gabriel. "Méta-analyse d'essais de fertilisation N, P et K sur le haricot et le pois". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30685/30685.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTissot, Cyril. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle d'activités humaines à fort impact environnemental : Application à l'étude des pratiques agricoles intensives dans le département du Finistère". Brest, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BRES1006.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis main goal of this thesis is to propose a methodological frameworkdedicated to long-term changes of modelling of the coastal environment under the influence of anthropic activities. Beyond these general problems the finality of this research task is based on the constitution of a simulation chain. This simulation chain is able to modelise the variability of activities which have a strong environmental impact. It integrates the physical, economic and lawful factors which can influence their progress. The whole developments associated with this study is articulated around two complementary axes :- a methodological axis devoted to formalization of a modelling environment based on the coupling of quantitative and qualitative models within a generic simulation platform ;- a thematic axis centered on the realization of a specific modelling application of intensive breeding progress in the department of Finistère (France). These two steps are concretized by the development of the platform "Dynamique des Activités HUmaines" (DAHU) and the "Module Activités Littorales" (MAL). The construction of simulator DAHU is based on the transcription of a complex environment in a model of reality based on the description of human activities progress in space and time. The "Module Activités Humaines" allows to test the methodology of modelling associated with platform DAHU. This application particulary shows that it is possible to simulate variability of practical spreading with reactives agents. The results obtained shows that the variability of spreading is closely related to legal framework evolution fixing the use of organic fertilizer, and with weather conditions changes observed at the intra-annual scale
Nguyen, Van Trang. "Sorption et désorption du cadmium dans deux sols agricoles amendés de composts et de coquilles d'oeufs de poules". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26631/26631.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartin, Tristan. "L’urine humaine en agriculture : des filières variées pour contribuer à une fertilisation azotée durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB026.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo feed humans, agriculture mostly relies on the use of fertilizers derived from fossil resources. Yet, most nutrients from food are excreted in urines and mixed in wastewaters. Wastewater treatment allows only a weak recycling of the nutrients and has many environmental impacts. The objective of this thesis is to characterize the possible management options for the use of human urine in agriculture considering their fertilizing efficiency and their environmental impacts. A literature review of the various urine treatments and urine-based fertilizers shows that: (i) the fertilizing efficiency of most urine-based fertilizers is high but needs to be further studied; (ii) most pathogens in urine can be easily inactivated but pharmaceutical residues are more difficult to degrade; (iii) the energy and chemical consumption of treatments can be high. The fertilizing efficiency of ten urine-based fertilizers has been measured under greenhouse and field conditions. It is high for most of the urine-based fertilizers and close to that of mineral fertilizers (equivalent ranging from 52% to 120%). It is linked to high mineral nitrogen content in the majority of urine-based fertilizers. Ammonia volatilization after field application can potentially be high (e.g. 34% of total nitrogen in favorable conditions). High pH and ammoniacal nitrogen content according to the urine-based fertilizers are important risk factors. Finally, a life cycle assessment of the environmental impacts for cereal production was carried out considering three urine-based fertilizers and two agricultural systems (conventional and organic). The impacts are lower for the majority of the indicators compared to the current practices. It is mainly due to the avoided impacts due to wastewater treatment and mineral fertilizers synthesis. Ammonia volatilization and the energy consumption of the treatments appear as the main environmental hotspots. These results show that the implementation of human urine management options can contribute to a transition towards a more sustainable and systemic management of nutrients
Baril, Benjamin. "Contenu en carbone du panic érigé et du sol amendé avec du biochar et une inoculation microbienne". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29830/29830.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) amended with biochar and/or rhizobacteria to produce energy, could potentially be a solution to reduce greenhouse gases and contribute to increase carbon (C) sequestration in soil. In this experiment, switchgrass was treated with biochar and N-fixing and P-solubilising bacteria in a split-plot experimental design. To assess the C dynamics in switchgrass production, the experiment was established on a sandy loam in St-Augustin-de-Desmaures near Quebec. A biochar treatment of 10 Mg of dry matter per hectare and treatments without biochar has been used as main plots, while three nitrogen rates (0, 25 and 50 kg ha-1) and treatments of bacterial inoculation were installed as sub-plots. The mineral nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the aboveground biomass yield and C after two years of growth. A small positive effect of biochar (p=0,08) increase root C. Soil C was not affected by any treatment after two years of growth.
Nafeh, Kassir Lina. "Les métaux lourds dans les engrais phosphatés et les sulfates rejetés par les industries des fertilisants : recherche sur leur transfert et leur mobilité dans les sols libanais". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0332/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo determine the impact and risk of chemical fertilizers, from their manufacture to their amendment, on soil contamination by trace metals, the study of their mobility and transfer would be necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the source of soil contamination by trace elements around the industry of chemical fertilizers, and to follow the temporal evolution of mobility and transfer of these elements in the profile of agricultural soil amended by superphosphate (SSP) fertilizers or phosphogypsum. To achieve our objective, we used techniques allowing the determination of structural and mineralogical characterization of collected soil samples, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Chemical characterization related to the total concentration of trace and major elements of collected soils was established. As mobility was unstable over time, depending on several physico-chemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, and organic matter content, a sequential extraction was adopted throughout the study over time in the amended soil profile to a depth of 55 cm. In addition, the absorption of trace elements by agricultural crops cultivated over land amended with fertilizer or phosphogypsum was analyzed over time to assess the risk of their transfer to the food chain, especially the human food chain, imposing health hazards. A comparison between the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizer was carried out in concluding this work
Perrin, Anne-Sophie. "Rôle des fertilisants azotés dans l'érosion chimique des bassins versants carbonatées : implication dans la consommation de CO2 et la composition chimique des eaux de surface". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/817/.
Pełny tekst źródłaNitrogenous fertilizers are a major contributor of acidity to soils and carbonate bedrocks, as a result of their high reactivity, are the main buffers through mineral weathering reactions. This perturbation of natural carbonate weathering processes is susceptible to modify the carbon budget of the weathering loop. Different approaches, from soil and small catchment experiments in the south-west of France (Gascogne area) to global scale estimations allowed us to better constrain the impact of these modifications on the quality of riverine water and on the global carbon budget. Carbonate weathering processes induced by nitrogenous fertilizers would decrease the proportion of alkalinity (and thus of carbon) in relation to calcium and magnesium ions by a minimum of respectively 5,7 to 13,4% and 1,6 to 3,8% of the CO2 naturally consumed by carbonate weathering in France and on a global scale. This decrease represents 6 to 15% of the CO2 consumed by silicate weathering on a global scale. Experimentations on soil columns showed that nitrification processes of ammonium ions increase cations fluxes in drainage soil solutions and lead to direct CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Elements and carbonate weathering budgets, measured from intensive surveys of elements fluxes in two small agricultural catchments (the Montoussé and the Hay catchments) highlighted the role of hydrology, vegetation and secondary precipitation of calcite in the relative loss of CO2 consumption by carbonate weathering in agricultural areas
CAILLET, JEAN-LUC. "Influence d'une carence precoce et d'une fertilisation phosphorees sur les dynamiques d'exportation de phosphore et de croissance du trefle blanc et du raygrass anglais seuls ou en association". Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2007.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Noë Julia. "Biogeochemical functioning and trajectories of French territorial agricultural systems : carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes (1852-2014)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS159.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work investigates agricultural systems from the angle of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) fluxes in French regions from 1852 to 2014, following a socio-metabolic approach stressing out the underlying logic behind these material fluxes. Results brought out by this research highlight the systemic relation between production pattern and N and P balances, and changes in soil organic C stocks in agricultural soil. Intensive specialized agricultural systems generate high environmental losses and resource consumption per unit agricultural surface and present largely open nutrient cycles due to substantial trade flows. Conversely, integrated crop and livestock farming have more limited N and P consumption and lead to lower air and water contamination. Long-term analysis shows that only after the Second World War, under the pressure of strong interventionist policies, some French regions specialized into crop or livestock farming. Particularly, the period from the 1950’s to the 1980’s was marked by a concomitant acceleration in crops yields, livestock production and use of mineral fertilizers. This resulted in increased N and P balances over cropland and grassland and growing C inputs to cropland, causing important losses of N to the hydrosphere and atmosphere, together with the accumulation of P and C stocks in soils. However, C accumulation resulting from increased crop production was permitted by the increased recourse to mineral fertilizers and agricultural machinery which consumes fossil-fuel energy. Therefore, C storage in cropland was a side-effect of the shift from an energy metabolism based on solar energy to one based on fossil-fuel combustion
Nduwamungu, Cargele. "Stabilité biologique et pouvoir tampon des amendements et des engrais organiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23921/23921.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNduwamungu, Cargèle. "Stabilité biologique et pouvoir tampon des amendements et des engrais organiques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18451.
Pełny tekst źródłaPernes-Debuyser, Annie. "Différenciation des propriétés du sol par des apports d'engrais et d'amendements : cas de l'essai de longue durée des 42 parcelles (Versailles)". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe long-term experiment of the 42 plots of INRA in Versailles allowed studying the influence of fertilizers and amendments on a bare-fallow soil since 1929. Physico-chemically, the different treatments have created opposite contexts in the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and in the nature of exchangeable cations. Modelling the soil CEC allowed discussing the relative importance of surface charges of organic and mineral constituents according to the soil pH. Because of low organic matter content, it was possible to show the contribution of the physico-chemical environment on soils physical properties. Consequently, physical parameters were linked with two mechanisms: surface charges of constituents by CEC measured at soil pH, and nature of exchangeable cations. In conclusion, taking into account the soil physico-chemical properties, with the cation exchange capacity, linked with its organic and mineral composition, is necessary for a better understanding of the soil physical behaviour
Truphéme-Maisonnave, Virginie. "Caractérisation des éléments traces métalliques dans les amendements et dans les complexes amendements-sols et étude des transferts". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT015C.
Pełny tekst źródłaHébert-Gentile, Valérie. "Fertilisation biologique en tourbière naturelle et application foliaire de bore et de cuivre chez la chicouté". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28171/28171.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCloudberry present low and variable fruit yields that are probably explained by the oligotrophy of the ombrotrophic peatlands where it grows. Two different fertilization techniques were tested in two natural bogs of the Quebec Lower-North-Shore. An organo-mineral fertilizer (crab and fish meal, potassium chloride) was applied annually in soil for three years. Foliar applications of boron and copper were tested during the third year. The fertilizers had no effect on cloudberry growth and productivity and the organo-mineral fertilizer hardly mineralized and dispersed in the soil. Mineralization capacity of other organic fertilizers in natural peatlands should thus be tested. Boron and copper are abundant in the fruits and are likely limiting fruit production, but new trials are needed to confirm it. In conclusion, more information on the nutrient requirements of cloudberry is needed to select suitable fertilizers.
Nounah, Abderrahman. "Les apatites calcocadmiées : introduction, localisation et extraction du cadmium". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT002G.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuinche, Gonzalez Melissa. "Diagnostic compositionnel de la nutrition azotée de la laitue et de l'oignon en sols organiques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27669.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuebec produces 87% of lettuces and 38% of onions in Canada, mostly in organic soils, but the nitrogen fertilization of these crops is difficult to manage. Inadequate nitrogen intake regardless of local conditions can generate nutritional imbalances in the plant and increase the risk of contamination of surface and ground waters. Our objective was to develop nutrient diagnostic models and N recommendations for lettuce and onion according to the contents of C and N in the soil and to balances between macronutrients in leaf tissues. Twenty-four and thirteen nitrogen fertilization trials were conducted on lettuce and onion crops, respectively, in organic soils of southwestern Quebec from 2002 to 2006. Every crop received four doses of N from zero to 150-180 kg N ha-1 applied before planting or split-applied. To account for interactions between elements, the results of C and N analyses in soils and N, P, K, Ca and Mg analyses in leaf tissues were completed by a filling value (Fv) to close the compositional vector then transformed into log isometric ratios (ILRs). Because ILRs are orthogonal to each other, a Mahalanobis distance (M^2) can be computed from a reference composition. The ILRs were calibrated against crop response and classified into soil groups by meta-analysis for soil analyses, as "True Negatives" (TN), "True Positives" (TP), "False negatives" (FN) and "False Positives" (FP) specimens by the Cate-Nelson method in the case of foliar analyses. A Mahalanobis distance (M^2) was computed between experimental ILRs and reference ILRs. We delineated three groups of soil fertility for lettuce about M^2 values of 1.0 and 5.5 to conduct meta-analysis using response ratio as effect size. For onion, we delineated two groups about the M^2 value of 5.5. The M^2 values of 8.4 and 19.6 were the upper limits for recommendation models N for lettuce and onion, respectively. We obtained a quadratic model for lettuce and a linear model for onion. Balance standards of nutrients were elaborate at from foliar analyses high yield for lettuce and onion using Cate-Nelson analysis. Nutrient interactions were arranged in a dendrogram. Yield critical thresholds were 44 Mg ha-1 for lettuce and 50 Mg ha-1 for onion. Mahalanobis distances of 3.09 and 3.03 delineated critical balance of imbalance for lettuce and onion, respectively. The ILR transformation technique showed greater diagnostic accuracy than DRIS, evaluated in 78% for lettuce and 87% for onion. Balance [Fv
Leclerc, Blaise. "Cinétiques de minéralisation de l'azote des fertilisants organiques et teneurs en nitrate chez Lactuca sativa et Daucus carota". Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT021A.
Pełny tekst źródłaVaillancourt, Mathieu. "Nutrition azotée et productivité du canola fertilisé avec une combinaison d'engrais vert et d'engrais minéral ou organique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28151.
Pełny tekst źródłaCanola (Brassica napus L.) is a crop with high nitrogen needs. Legume cover crops can serve as an organic nitrogen source and increase subsequent crop yield. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of a red (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cover crop on canola nitrogen uptake and yield, and to compare canola response to mineral and organic fertilizers as supplemental nitrogen sources. A field experiment was repeated twice (2013-2014, 2014-2015) at two sites, in a factorial split-plot design with preceding crop (barley only or barley intercropped with clover) as main plots, and fertilizer type (mineral (27-0-0) or organic (pig slurry)) and nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha-1) as sub-plots. At fall termination of cover crops, the clover provided 28.3 to 150.5 kg N ha-1. No interaction was observed between cover crop and fertilizer type. Cover crops did not increase canola N uptake, but increased canola yields with a mineral fertilizer replacement value of 21.8 to 81.8 kg ha-1. In unfertilized plots, cover crops increased yields from 6 to 42%, the gain decreasing as nitrogen application rate increased. Canola nitrogen uptake and yield were lower with pig slurry, compared to mineral fertilizer, possibly because nutrient losses occurred after slurry application. Moreover, crop yield did not reach a maximum value with increasing pig slurry rate, whereas a maximum yield was reached at 120 to 150 kg N ha-1 with the mineral fertilizer. In conclusion, the clover cover crop improved canola yields and mineral fertilization resulted in higher canola yields compared to the organic fertilizer, whose efficiency could be improved through better management.
Bouchard, Chantal. "Utilisation d'huile de friture à des fins agricoles". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaDupont, Étienne, i Étienne Dupont. "Effet de sédiments d'étangs épurateurs combinés avec des engrais minéraux sur la croissance de l'avoine cultivée dans un substrat sablonneux". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26012.
Pełny tekst źródłaUn essai en serre a été effectué pour évaluer l’effet de sédiments provenant d’étangs épurateurs et régulateurs de l’eau, en l’absence et en présence d’une fumure minérale (N-P-K), sur la croissance, la production de biomasse aérienne sèche (BAS) et la teneur en certains éléments traces métalliques (ÉTM) de l’avoine (Avena sativa L.) cultivée dans un substrat minéral peu fertile. En général, le rendement en BAS a augmenté avec les doses croissantes de sédiments et d’engrais. Bien que le sédiment contenait des éléments nutritifs, sa valeur fertilisante était très faible. Les hauts rendements ont été obtenus avec la combinaison d’engrais minéraux et de sédiments. Les concentrations des ÉTM dans la BAS n’ont pas causées de problèmes de phytotoxicité et étaient en deçà des normes établies. Les prélèvements aériens d’ÉTM les plus élevés ont été obtenus dans le cas des échantillons de sol ayant produit les rendements aériens les plus élevés.
A greenhouse trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of sediments from scrubber and water ponds, in combination with inorganic fertilizers (NPK), on the growth, shoot biomass (SB) production and trace metal element (TME) concentration in SB of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in a low fertile mineral substrate. In general, the shoot length and SB yield of the plant increased with increasing rates of sediment and inorganic fertilizer. Although the sediment contained nutrients, its fertilizer value was very low. The high SB yields were obtained with the combination of inorganic fertilizers and sediment. The concentrations of TME in SB were below typical phytotoxic levels. The uptake of the highest TME was obtained in the case of substrates that produced the highest yields of SB.
A greenhouse trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of sediments from scrubber and water ponds, in combination with inorganic fertilizers (NPK), on the growth, shoot biomass (SB) production and trace metal element (TME) concentration in SB of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in a low fertile mineral substrate. In general, the shoot length and SB yield of the plant increased with increasing rates of sediment and inorganic fertilizer. Although the sediment contained nutrients, its fertilizer value was very low. The high SB yields were obtained with the combination of inorganic fertilizers and sediment. The concentrations of TME in SB were below typical phytotoxic levels. The uptake of the highest TME was obtained in the case of substrates that produced the highest yields of SB.
Boisson-Gruppen, Jolanda. "Réhabilitation des sols pollués en éléments tracés par des amendements minéraux : faisabilité et durabilité d'après la mobilité des éléments et la phytotoxicité du sol". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_BOISSON_GRUPPEN_J.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSall, Papa Malick, i Papa Malick Sall. "Phyto-aménagement de tourbières résiduelles : effet du chaulage et de la fertilisation sur la croissance du saule et de l'alpiste roseau et sur la répartition chimique de métaux lourds dans les sols et les plantes". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31466.
Pełny tekst źródłaL’objectif général de l’étude est de valoriser deux sites de tourbières résiduelles situés à Lamèque et à La Mousse Acadienne (Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada) pour la production de deux plantes à valeur énergétique, le saule (Salix miyabeana) et l’alpiste roseau (Phalaris arundinacea). Cette réhabilitation est nommée «phyto-aménagement». Par ailleurs, dans un contexte de changements climatiques et d’épuisement des énergies fossiles, le phytoaménagement à base de plantes bioénergétiques présente un intérêt avec l'utilisation de la biomasse agroforestière comme combustible à moindre émission dans les chaudières à biomasse. Les résultats des essais menés en serre sur le sol de la tourbière résiduelle du site Sun Gro indiquent que les doses croissantes de chaux calcique en présence d’une dose d’engrais NPK, ainsi que les doses croissantes d’engrais en présence d’une dose de chaux dolomitique ont un effet significatif sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendements du saule, certaines propriétés édaphiques dont le pH, et les teneurs des métaux Cu, Fe, Mn et Zn sous formes facilement labiles et moyennement labiles dans le sol. Une fraction importante de Cu est liée à la matière organique du sol. Les métaux Fe, Mn et Zn se retrouvent majoritairement fixés par les oxydes du sol. Les essais à petite échelle de saule et d’alpiste roseau cultivés dans les tourbières résiduelles du site La Mousse Acadienne indiquent que ces deux plantes répondent bien à la fertilisation minérale en présence de la chaux dolomitique. En favorisant le développement de la plante, l’apport de l’engrais (NPK) favorise la production de biomasses aériennes ainsi que le prélèvement des cations nutritifs. Les parcelles de saules fertilisées ont fourni un rendement maximum de 6161,6 kg/ha en 16 mois de croissance au moment où les parcelles non fertilisées ont assuré un rendement maximum de 437,0 kg/ha. D’une manière générale, les concentrations des métaux Ca, Mg et Mn sont retrouvées majoritairement dans les parties aériennes des plantes tandis que celles des métaux Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, et Zn sont plus élevées dans les racines. Les concentrations des éléments traces métalliques dans les parties aériennes des plantes sont en deçà des valeurs seuils de toxicité. Les résultats révèlent que le pH du sol est une propriété chimique clé à considérer lors du phyto-aménagement des tourbières résiduelles acides.
The mechanical exploitation of the natural peat bogs produces media called "residual peat bogs" among which the physico-chemical properties, naturally constraining, are degraded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential productivity of two energy crops, willow (Salix miyabeana) and the reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), on residual peat bogs situated at Lamèque in New Brunswick (Canada). This type of rehabilitation is named "phyto-management". Moreover, in the climate change context and the depletion of fossil fuels, bioenergy-based phytomanagement is of interest with the use of agroforestry biomass as a lower emission fuel in biomass boilers. The results of glasshouse study conducted on RPB from the site Sun Gro indicated that N-P-K fertilizer and calcitic or dolomitic lime applications have a significant effect on growth and yield parameters of willow as well as on certain edaphic properties such as pH and the content of metallic trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in the labile and moderately labile fractions. Organic matter matrix is an important binding site for Cu whereas oxide matrix for Fe, Mn and Zn. The small-scale field trials conducted at the Mousse Cannadienne site highlighted that willow and reed canary grass can be grown in the residual peat bogs amended with dolomitic lime and fertlized with complete fertlizer. Fertilizer containing the chemical elements improves growth, uptake of cationic nutrients and productiveness of plants. The fertilized and limed willow plots produced a maximum yield up to 6161.6 kg / ha in 16 months of growth. The limed plots without fertilizer produced 437,0 kg shoot biomass of willow / ha. Generally, the highest concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn is mainly found in the aerial parts of plants whereas those of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn are highest in roots. The concentrations of metallic trace elements in shoot plant biomass are below thresholds values of toxicity. The results reveal that the soil pH is a key chemical property to be considered during the phyto-management of acid residual peat bogs.
The mechanical exploitation of the natural peat bogs produces media called "residual peat bogs" among which the physico-chemical properties, naturally constraining, are degraded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential productivity of two energy crops, willow (Salix miyabeana) and the reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), on residual peat bogs situated at Lamèque in New Brunswick (Canada). This type of rehabilitation is named "phyto-management". Moreover, in the climate change context and the depletion of fossil fuels, bioenergy-based phytomanagement is of interest with the use of agroforestry biomass as a lower emission fuel in biomass boilers. The results of glasshouse study conducted on RPB from the site Sun Gro indicated that N-P-K fertilizer and calcitic or dolomitic lime applications have a significant effect on growth and yield parameters of willow as well as on certain edaphic properties such as pH and the content of metallic trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in the labile and moderately labile fractions. Organic matter matrix is an important binding site for Cu whereas oxide matrix for Fe, Mn and Zn. The small-scale field trials conducted at the Mousse Cannadienne site highlighted that willow and reed canary grass can be grown in the residual peat bogs amended with dolomitic lime and fertlized with complete fertlizer. Fertilizer containing the chemical elements improves growth, uptake of cationic nutrients and productiveness of plants. The fertilized and limed willow plots produced a maximum yield up to 6161.6 kg / ha in 16 months of growth. The limed plots without fertilizer produced 437,0 kg shoot biomass of willow / ha. Generally, the highest concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn is mainly found in the aerial parts of plants whereas those of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn are highest in roots. The concentrations of metallic trace elements in shoot plant biomass are below thresholds values of toxicity. The results reveal that the soil pH is a key chemical property to be considered during the phyto-management of acid residual peat bogs.
Lévesque, Vicky. "Amendement en biochars : effets sur l'activité et la structure des microorganismes et sur les rendements de la tomate et du poivron de serre". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27582.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe biochar, charcoal produced by pyrolysis and used as an amendment, has several advantages and is a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture. However, the production methods, the pyrolysis conditions and the biomass types produce biochars with variable properties which have different effects on soil productivity and crop yields. Presently, there are no studies to elucidate the influence of the physicochemical properties of biochars on the structure and the diversity of soil microbial communities. The purpose of this PhD project was to understand how the physicochemical properties of biochar affect its ability to : (i) mitigate greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) improve growth of greenhouse tomato and pepper; (iii) improve fertilizer and water use efficiency; and (iv) modify the structure and the diversity of bacterial communities in a growing medium and a mineral soil. Five biochars were produced and evaluated: maple bark pyrolyzed at 400˚C, 550˚C and 700˚C, pine chips pyrolyzed at 700˚C, and willow chips pyrolyzed at 400˚C. The results demonstrated that some physicochemical properties are key drivers of the ability of biochars to efficiently mitigate N2O emissions, to reduce fertilizer inputs and to improve water use efficiency while promoting plant growth. Moreover, the results show that biochar amendment can stimulate specific bacterial groups involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles and possibly those involved in plant development. This work identifies key physicochemical properties of biochars that could better guide agricultural producers and industries producing peat-based growing media, in the choice of biochar promoting tomato and pepper growth and contributing to a sustainable agriculture.
Langelier, Maude. "Apports en azote d'engrais verts de légumineuses ou non-légumineuses, combinés à une fertilisation minérale ou organique, et effet sur le rendement du blé". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34600.
Pełny tekst źródłaEstimating the contribution of nitrogen (N) from cover crops (CC) to subsequent crop remains a challenge because CC biomass, N content and biomass mineralization rate vary depending on environmental conditions and management practices. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare N accumulation and biomass production from a mixture of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) intercropped with barley, or oat (Avena sativa L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense) or oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) grown as catch crops after barley harvest, without N, or with mineral or organic fertilization at CC planting; (2) to determine the influence of CC type and fertilization on N uptake and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the next year; (3) to determine the soil-plant N budget over a 2-year cropping cycle. The experiment was repeated twice. The legume CCs generated the greatest N accumulation (63 to 127 kg N ha⁻¹), and intercropped clover mixture resulted in the largest increases in wheat yields (23 to 92 %). Fertilization increased aboveground biomass production in oat and oilseed radish, but had little effect on legume CCs. Oat and oilseed radish were the most efficient at recovering fertilizer N, but had less effect than clover on wheat yields. In conclusion, legume CCs showed limited capacity to use fertilizer N. However, symbiotically fixed N by clover appeared more efficient at stimulating wheat yields the following year, whereas N derived from non legume CCs appeared to be mainly involved in renewal of the soil N reserve.
Moal, Jean-François. "Volatilisation de l'azote ammoniacal des lisiers après épandage : quantification et étude des facteurs d'influence /". Rennes : Antony : CEMAGREF, Groupement de Rennes ; CEMAGREF éd, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35833613s.
Pełny tekst źródłaThiriat, Laurence. "Valorisation agricole des boues résiduaires : dénombrement des kystes de Giardia sp. et estimation de leur impact sur le risque sanitaire". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN12003.
Pełny tekst źródłaPerron, Béatrice. "Impact de la nutrition azotée sur l'activité microbienne du milieu de culture et sur la qualité de la tomate et du concombre biologiques de serre". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31390.
Pełny tekst źródłaDossou-Yovo, Wilfried. "Fertilisation phosphatée du maïs selon les conditions pédoclimatiques au Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29564.
Pełny tekst źródłaCaisse, Gabriel. "Importance de la fertilisation lors du boisement des tourbières résiduelles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24833/24833.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAzouaou, Zahia. "Contribution à l'étude des effets de la nutrition en cuivre sur le rendement du blé : incidence des carences sur la formation du pollen". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT007A.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuilmette, Daniel. "Volatilisation de l'ammoniac du lisier de porc dans les prairies de graminées : effet du type de rampe d'épandage". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25088/25088.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRousseau, Guillaume. "Analyses multidimensionnelles des effets de la rotation et d'un compost urbain sur la sclérotiniose du soja et la santé du sol". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22392/22392.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDemers, Isabelle. "Formes et disponibilité du phosphore des composts utilisés comme amendements des sols agricoles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25051/25051.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoulibali, Zonlehoua. "Modèle de fertilisation NPK localisé de la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) au Québec". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66697.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh-value crops, like potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), are good candidates for the adoption of Precision Agriculture because of the high cost of inputs.The large amount of potato fertilizers requirement makes it economically and environmentally important for producers to determinate site-specific fertilizers dosages. Crop performance responses to fertilizer inputs have yet been modeled using simple functions like quadratic, linear-plateau or Mitscherlich. Even though they should only be used to describe experimental data, such models are used to predict optimal fertilizer doses considering the cost of the fertilizer and crop sales. As large amounts of data are being assembled in repeated observational data sets, machine learning models can become useful to predict and detect patterns in data without hardly presuming how a response curve should behave.This project generated models recommending optimal economic doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for potato crops using machine learning techniques. We assessed the validity of cultivar grouping as new predictive feature, and predicted potato tuber yields using foliar ionomes. A density-based clustering algorithm (dbscan) failed to delineate groups of high-yield cultivars linked to specific cultivar ionomic composition. Algorithms of k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forests (RF) and support vector machines (SVM) showed a fair diagnostic potential to detect in-season nutritional imbalance, with practically similar accuracy of 70%. The perturbation vector of Aitchison compositional space appeared a good indicator indetecting the presence and magnitude of a nutritional imbalance. Moreover, machine-learning models using KNN, RF, neural networks (NN) and Gaussian processes (GP) algorithms returned almost similar coefficients of determination (R²) superior to that of the Mitscherlich model. The R² values were 0.52, 0.59, 0.49 and 0.58 respectively for the KNN, RF, ANN,and GP, and 0.37 with the Mitscherlich model to predict marketable yield.The models were somewhat more efficient to predict medium-size tubers (R²= 0.60–0.69) and tuber specific gravity (R²= 0.58–0.67) than large-size tubers (R²= 0.55–0.64) and marketable yield. Disagreements appeared between models in site-specific response curves and optimal economic or agronomic N, P, and K doses prediction. However, GP models stood up as the most promising algorithm due to its built-in ability to develop smooth response surfaces and recommendations within a probabilistic risk-assessment framework.
Laurin-Lanctôt, Sara. "Effet de l'amendement en biochar des sols biologiques pour une culture de tomates sous serre : rétention en nutriments, activité biologique et régie de fertilisation". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25931.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuittonny, Marie. "Valorisation d'un compost de boues urbaines en garrigue pour le reboisement : comportement des jeunes arbres d'une plantation et modifications de la dynamique de la végétation naturelle après amendement". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11057.
Pełny tekst źródłaColin, Anne. "Étude du procédé d'épandage centrifuge d'engrais minéraux". Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1033.
Pełny tekst źródłaBenjannet, Rim, i Rim Benjannet. "Modèles agro-environnementaux de la fertilisation phosphatée dans les sols acides de pomme de terre de l'Est du Canada". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38296.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe phosphore (P) est indispensable pour la pomme de terre, la principale culture des provinces de l’Est canadien. La diminution des réserves phosphatées et le risque de perte de cet élément dans les cours d’eau constituent des contraintes majeures pour la sécurité alimentaire et pour l’environnement. L’objectif de ce projet de recherche est d’optimiser la dose et le type d’engrais phosphaté en vue de minimiser le risque d’accumulation du P dans le sol, et de substituer les engrais de synthèse par des engrais recyclés. Un total de 141 échantillons représentatifs des sols de l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard (ÎPE) a été d’abord analysé et a montré que l’acidité du sol influait grandement sur le pourcentage de saturation des sols en P. Ainsi, les seuils critiques environnementaux en terme d’indice de saturation en P, (P/Al)M3 ont été de 19% pour les sols très acides (pHeau<5,5), et de 14% pour les sols moins acides (pHeau>5,5), au-dessus desquels la fertilisation en P devrait être limitée aux besoins de la culture. Six classes de risque environnemental ont été identifiées et leur répartition spatiale a montré que la classe de risque modéré était prédominante à l’ÎPE. Nous avons ensuite développé un modèle agro-environnemental de P pour la pomme de terre basé sur 42 essais de fertilisation conduits dans les provinces maritimes (ÎPE, Nouveau-Brunswick (NB) et Nouvelle-Écosse (NÉ)). Ce modèle, basé sur l’indice (P/Al)M3, a été composé de sept classes de diagnostic et de recommandation pour la fertilisation phosphatée : (0-2,5%), (2,5%-5%), (5%-10%), (10%-14%), (14%-16%), (16%-23%) et (P/Al)M3>23% correspondant, respectivement, aux doses optimales en P de 105, 81, 70 kg P ha-1 pour les trois premières classes, et à une dose de 21 kg ha-1 pour les classes dont le (P/Al)M3 est supérieur à 10%. Finalement, pour évaluer l’efficacité d’un engrais phosphaté recyclé (Crystal Green®), nous avons conduit 8 essais de fertilisation au Québec et dans les provinces maritimes. Il a été conclu que la fertilisation phosphatée avec le Crystal Green® pourrait substituer le triple superphosphate (TSP) jusqu’à 75% sans que les niveaux de rendements en pomme de terre, le prélèvement du P, et le statut du P dans le sol et dans la plante ne soient changés
Phosphorus (P) is essential for potatoes, the main crop in the Canadian eastern provinces. The depletion of phosphate reserves and the risk of loss of this element in watercourses are major constraints for food security and for environment. The objective of this study is to optimize the rate and type of phosphate fertilizer in order to minimize the risk of P accumulation in the soil, and to substitute synthetic fertilizers with recycled ones. A total of 141 soil samples representative of Prince Edward Island (PEI) soils were first analyzed. It have been shown that soil acidity greatly influenced P soil saturation percentage. Thus, critical thresholds in terms of P saturation index, (P/Al)M3, were 19% for very acid soils (pHwater <5.5), and 14% for less acidic soils (pHwater>5.5), above which P fertilization should be limited to the crop’s requirement. Six environmental risk classes were identified and their spatial distribution showed that the moderate risk class was predominant in PEI. We then developed an agro-environmental model of P for potato based on 42 fertilization trials conducted in the Maritime provinces (PEI, New Brunswick (NB) and Nova Scotia (NS)). This model, based on the (P/Al)M3 index, was composed of seven fertility and environmental risk classes: (0-2.5%), (2.5%-5%), (5%-10%), (10%-14%), (14%-16%), (16%-23%) and (P/Al)M3>23% corresponding, respectively, to the optimal P rates of 105, 81, 70 kg P ha-1 for the first three classes, and to a P rate of 21 kg ha-1 for classes with (P/Al)M3 greater than 10%. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of a recycled P fertilizer (Crystal Green®), we conducted 8 fertilization trials in Quebec and in the Maritime provinces. It was concluded that P fertilization with Crystal Green® could substitute triple superphosphate (TSP) up to 75% without noticing any significant decrease in potato yield levels, P uptake, and P status in the soil and in the plant.
Phosphorus (P) is essential for potatoes, the main crop in the Canadian eastern provinces. The depletion of phosphate reserves and the risk of loss of this element in watercourses are major constraints for food security and for environment. The objective of this study is to optimize the rate and type of phosphate fertilizer in order to minimize the risk of P accumulation in the soil, and to substitute synthetic fertilizers with recycled ones. A total of 141 soil samples representative of Prince Edward Island (PEI) soils were first analyzed. It have been shown that soil acidity greatly influenced P soil saturation percentage. Thus, critical thresholds in terms of P saturation index, (P/Al)M3, were 19% for very acid soils (pHwater <5.5), and 14% for less acidic soils (pHwater>5.5), above which P fertilization should be limited to the crop’s requirement. Six environmental risk classes were identified and their spatial distribution showed that the moderate risk class was predominant in PEI. We then developed an agro-environmental model of P for potato based on 42 fertilization trials conducted in the Maritime provinces (PEI, New Brunswick (NB) and Nova Scotia (NS)). This model, based on the (P/Al)M3 index, was composed of seven fertility and environmental risk classes: (0-2.5%), (2.5%-5%), (5%-10%), (10%-14%), (14%-16%), (16%-23%) and (P/Al)M3>23% corresponding, respectively, to the optimal P rates of 105, 81, 70 kg P ha-1 for the first three classes, and to a P rate of 21 kg ha-1 for classes with (P/Al)M3 greater than 10%. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of a recycled P fertilizer (Crystal Green®), we conducted 8 fertilization trials in Quebec and in the Maritime provinces. It was concluded that P fertilization with Crystal Green® could substitute triple superphosphate (TSP) up to 75% without noticing any significant decrease in potato yield levels, P uptake, and P status in the soil and in the plant.
Leblanc, Michaël. "Relations entre les caractéristiques pédologiques et les pratiques de fertilisation et de conservation des sols". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26710.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoil knowledge base is fundamental to address environmental and agronomic issues such as food production, efficient use of nutrients and soil conservation. This project aimed to provide models linking pedological characteristics to management practices of crop fertilization and soil conservation, specifically to guide potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping. This Ph.D. project comprises three parts. First, the Shoemaker-McLean-Pratt (SMP) pH buffer, that contains noxious substances, showed to be inappropriate to support lime requirement (LR) determination of soils requiring low target pHH2O (< 6.5) or to maintain adequate pH levels at low LRs (< 1.5 g CaCO3 kg-1). Cation exchange capacity determined by the ammonium acetate (pH 7.0) method (CEC-NH4OAc) can be accurately estimated from infrared spectroscopy (IR). The CEC-NH4OAc inferred by IR spectroscopy within a prediction interval of ± 2.3 cmolc kg-1 allowed supporting an accurate estimation model of LR to achieve a target pH as alternative to the SMP buffer method. To guide beneficial cultural practices that enhance soil quality, diagnostic criteria of soil aggregation degree were elaborated thereafter in relation with soil composition (texture and organic C) using grassland as reference cropping system. Annual cropping systems showed more deleterious effect on the aggregate stability of clayed soils compared to other textural classes, while loamy and sandy soils were shown to be more susceptible to soil structure degradation at lower organic C content. The current aggregation indices based on the weighted and geometric mean diameter of aggregates was less appropriate to develop critical values compared to fractal and compositional indices. Finally, to integrate pedological characteristics of subsoil into potato fertilization response models, a numerical clustering of soil series has been developed using morphological descriptions of modal profiles. The textural gradient and the two major pedogenic processes (podzolization, gleying), which are primarily associated with water regime, were synthesized into three continuous soil classes allowing a gradual expression of soil groups for integration into crop response nutrient models. This project presents innovative approaches to synthesize and interpret the pedological knowledge as supported by digital analysis techniques to guide good cultural practices that contribute to the sustainability of potato agro-ecosystems and their ecosystem services.
Lachapelle, Jean-Mathieu. "Réévaluation des besoins en azote, phosphore et potassium des cultures de brocoli, de chou et de chou-fleur en sols minéraux au Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21865.
Pełny tekst źródłaEmond, Catherine. "Réhabilitation de tourbières industrielles contaminées par l'eau salée : végétation de marais salés et amendements". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30402/30402.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoastal cutover bogs are prone to sea water contamination. It keeps them unvegetated because of salinity, acidity, high water table level and low nutrients availability. We want to encourage plant colonization of those bogs using salt marsh vegetation and amendments. A field experiment aimed to examine whether rock phosphate (P2O5) and dolomitic lime (CaO.MgO) improve growth of (1) Carex paleacea, (2) Spartina pectinata transplants, (3) salt marsh diaspores transfer of different maturity - July, (4) August and (5) a bare peat control. A greenhouse experiment tested the lime dose needed by C. paleacea and S. pectinata. Results showed that P improved growth of all plant treatments because of P deficiency in bogs, while C. paleacea resulted in greater vegetation cover and aerial biomass, and diaspores transfer in higher diversity. Lime failed to improve vegetation growth. Rehabilitation should be done using P, salt marsh diaspores transfer and C. paleacea transplantation.
Gunkel, Peggy. "Etude de la spéciation des elements traces metalliques dans un sol agricole pollue au sulfate de cuivre, influence des amendements en chaux et matiere organique. Evolution temporelle de la pollution cuprique et étude de son transfert du sol vers le mai͏̈s". Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0643.
Pełny tekst źródłaJamaly, Seyedmohammadreza. "L'effet de la fertilisation N, P, K, Mg, Cu et B sur le rendement de la canneberge commerciale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27622.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuébec is the second cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) producer in the world after Wisconsin and the first one of organically produced cranberry. Fertilization is a key management tool to reach high fruit yield and good quality. Our objective was to calibrate cranberry fertilization in conventional and organic production systems. Four fertilization trials each comprising 18 treatments twice replicated were conducted with cv. “Stevens” established on permanent plots with five N, three P, four K, and two Mg, Cu and B doses, including controls. Climate was a major factor controlling yield. Year 2015, where berry yield was lower, the average temperature of the season was cooler than 2014, especially in June where blossom induction started in the newly forming terminal buds. Fruit yield was influenced only by N and K dosage. The berry count per uptight, fruit set and berry weight were the most consistent yield parameters in response to N treatments. Fruit set was reduced by 31% in 2015 compared to 2014 in the 60 kg N ha ⁻¹ treatment. The berry count per fruiting upright was the factor most closely related to berry yield across years (R2 = 0.87). Berry weight tended to stabilize at 30 kg N ha⁻¹ across years and at 33 kg K ha⁻¹ in 2015. There was no significant effect of added P, Mg, Cu and B on berry yield. Nutrient supply was sufficient with 45 kg N ha⁻¹ and 100 kg K ha⁻¹. Those results indicated narrow window for N fertilization and supported P and K fertilization based on soil test, yield potential, and the buildup and maintenance concept.
Manirakiza, Eric. "Application combinée du biochar de pin et des biosolides mixtes de papetières : une option pour améliorer leur efficacité agronomique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68079.
Pełny tekst źródłaPaper mill biosolids (PB) supply plant nutrients and improve soil chemical and biological properties. However, soil acidification, metal mobility and nutrient leaching may present challenges in soil receiving PB. The application of biochar can increase soil pH and nutrient and metal retention, which helps prevent metal toxicity and nutrient leaching and improves the efficient fertilizer use. To our knowledge, the effect of co-applying PB and biochar on the properties of Quebec agricultural soils has not yet been evaluated and could be an interesting way to improve their agronomic efficiency. The objective of this thesis was to determine how co-applying PB and biochar affects soil chemical and biological properties. Specifically, this thesis evaluated the effect of amending two acidic soils, a clay and sandy loam, with two PB types varying in carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio (PB1, C/N=24; and PB2, C/N=13) and pH (PB1, pH = 7.80; and PB2, pH = 4.51) co-applied with three rates (0%, 2.5%, and 5% w/w) of pine (Pinus strobus L.) biochar produced at 700 °C. A 224 days microcosm incubation study was conducted under controlled conditions at 25°C, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that the co-application of biochar and PB increased soil pH, microbial activity and biomass, and total C and available potassium (K) concentrations, and decreased mineral N, and available copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) concentrations compared to the application of PB only. The effect of the co-application of biochar and PB depended on biochar rate, PB type, and incubation time. This thesis showed that co-applying biochar and PB can be more beneficial to agricultural soils than application of PB alone by increasing organic matter, supplying nutrients, improving NO3-N retention, preventing metal toxicity by raising pH and improving the potential of nutrient cycling by promoting microbial activity and biomass.
Badra, Abdo, i Abdo Badra. "Diagnostic nutritif compositionnel CND d'un gazon en pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis L.) suite aux ajouts de N, P et K". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37074.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa fertilisation du pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis L.), utilisée fréquemment comme graminée à gazon, requiert un dosage de N, de P et de K permettant de répondre aux attentes d’entretien extensif, intermédiaire ou intensif des espaces verts établis sur des sols de diverses classes texturales mais généralement variant de loameuse à sableuse telles les verts et les allées des terrains de golf, les terrains sportifs et municipaux, les champs de gazonnières, les terrains de jeux, les espaces verts résidentiels et scolaires, les abords de routes, les cimetières, les cours de tennis, etc. Beaucoup d’études sur la fertilisation du pâturin des prés ont été menées aux États-Unis sous climat tempéré chaud. De plus, le diagnostic nutritif du pâturin des prés, basé sur des concentrations critiques, ne tient pas compte des interactions entre les éléments nutritifs, conduisant à des diagnostics peu fiables. Afin de guider la fertilisation des gazons au Québec, il y a un double besoin de calibrer les besoins nutritifs du pâturin des prés selon la texture du sol et de développer des normes diagnostiques qui intègrent les interactions multiples à l’aide de méthodes numériques robustes telles le diagnostic nutritif compositionnel (Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis CND). Cette thèse vise donc à produire de nouvelles connaissances sur la fertilisation azotée, phosphorique et potassique du pâturin des prés pour l’entretien extensif, intermédiaire ou intensif des espaces engazonnés sous climat tempéré froid, également à développer et à valider des normes nutritives permettant de détecter tout déséquilibre nutritif. Le but ultime de l’entretien du pâturin des prés en espace vert est de produire un gazon de haute qualité visuelle. En fait, le rendement maximum des rognures de tonte n’est pas un attribut recherché. L’équilibre nutritif N : K est particulièrement nécessaire pour atteindre ce but. Une étude en plein champ fut réalisée pendant trois années consécutives pour évaluer les réponses quantitatives (le rendement des rognures de tonte et la biomasse souterraine) et qualitatives (la densité de tallage et la couleur du feuillage) du pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis L.) aux ajouts de 0 ou 50 à 300 kg N ha-1 an-1, de 0 ou 21,8 à 87,3 kg P ha-1 an-1, et de 0 ou 41,7 à 250 kg K ha-1 an-1, épandus également six fois par période de croissance sur un site en sol sableux qualifié de Norme U.S.G.A. pour les verts de golf et sur un autre site adjacent d’un sol natif loameux. Les normes CND ont été élaborées à l’aide des essais de fertilisation et validées à l’aide d’une base de données sur 318 spécimens provenant des gazonnières commerciales. Une réponse quadratique significative du rendement des rognures de tonte fut obtenue avec un maximum à 200 kg N ha-1 en loam et 300 kg N ha-1 en sable. Aux deux sites, l’ajout d’azote a réduit linéairement la biomasse souterraine et a significativement augmenté de façon quadratique la densité de tallage et la couleur du feuillage. Les ajouts de P et de K ne montraient aucune réponse significative sur le rendement des rognures de tonte ni sur la biomasse souterraine aux deux sites, non plus sur la densité de tallage et la couleur du feuillage au site loameux. Par contre, les ajouts de P et de K ont montré de faibles effets significatifs sur la couleur foliaire au site sableux. La transformation logarithmique centrée (clr = centred log ratio) des concentrations d’azote des rognures de tonte a réduit le degré d’inter-corrélation de 0,6 à 0,1 entre les éléments nutritifs lors de l’analyse en composantes principales, facilitant ainsi l’atteinte d’une distribution χ2 des indices du diagnostic nutritif compositionnel CND. En utilisant l’indice de déséquilibre critique CND r2 de 5,6 et un indice critique CND IN 2 de 1,5 pour un simplexe de cinq éléments nutritifs (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), la méthodologie CND a diagnostiqué 179 spécimens provenant des gazonnières commerciales à succès de 99 % comme étant déséquilibrés dont 110 en azote. Le diagnostic CND s’est avéré efficace pour déceler les niveaux d’azote des rognures de tonte chez le pâturin des prés en régie de gazon. La composition minérale foliaire du pâturin des prés, particulièrement la variable azote (N), influence significativement la qualité esthétique telle la densité de tallage et la couleur du feuillage. L’excès d’azote diminue la biomasse souterraine du gazon tout en augmentant la couleur du feuillage et la densité de tallage. Pour une croissance harmonieuse, il ne faut pas que l’amélioration de la qualité esthétique soit au détriment de la biomasse souterraine du pâturin des prés. À cette fin, un modèle de diagnostic nutritif compositionnel comprenant onze éléments nutritifs (N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe) a été développé en se servant des ratios logarithmiques centrés clr ainsi que des ratios logarithmiques isométriques ilr par lesquels les intervalles critiques établis d’après la qualité esthétique (la densité de tallage et la couleur du feuillage) ont été assujettis à la biomasse souterraine du pâturin des prés en phase d’entretien.
The fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), managed as turfgrass, requires a dosage of N, P and K to sustain the performance of extensive, intermediate or intensive maintenance of turfgrass grounds established in diverse soil textures from loam to sand such as golf greens and fairways, sports fields, commercial sod farms, road sides, tennis courts, municipal grounds, play grounds, residential and school green space... A three-year field study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative (clipping yield and underground turf biomass) and qualitative responses (shoot density and foliage colour) of Kentucky bluegrass turf to added (0 or 50 to 300 N); (0 or 21.8 to 87.3 P), and (0 or 41.7 to 250 K) kg ha-1 yr-1 equally broadcast six times per growing season on sand site that met the U.S.G.A. specifications and native loam site. Many studies related to fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass were conducted in the United States under a temperate climate. On the other hand, the nutritional diagnosis of Kentucky bluegrass, usually based on critical nutrient concentrations, does not account for nutrient interactions leading to less reliable conclusions. In order to obtain a fertilizer guide for turfgrasses in Quebec, calibration of nutrient needs must relate to soil texture to develop diagnostic norms for Kentucky bluegrass that include multiple interactions based on robust numeric methods such as the compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND). This thesis puts forth a new knowledge in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass under extensive, intermediate or intensive green space management in the cold area of the temperate climate then develops and validates nutritional norms enabling the user to identify any unbalanced nutrition. The ultimate goal in Kentucky bluegrass maintenance is to produce a visual high-quality turf from an aesthetic point of view. The maximum clipping yield is not a characteristic to strive for. Rather, nutritional balance N: K is necessary to reach this objective. A threeyear field study was carried out to evaluate the quantitative (clipping yield and underground biomass) and qualitative (shoot density and foliage colour) responses of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) to added 0 or 50 à 300 kg N, 0 or 21.8 à 87.3 kg P and 0 or 41.7 à 250 kg K ha-1 yr-1 equally spread six times per growing period on a sand site that met the U.S.G.A. sand specifications for golf greens (United States Golf Association) and another site of native loam. CND norms were developed based on fertilization responses and validated using data of 318 qualified specimens from commercial sod farms in Quebec. Clipping yields showed significant quadratic responses at 200 kg N ha-1 in the loam and 300 kg N ha-1 in the sand. On both sites, added nitrogen linearly reduced the underground biomass and showed a quadratic increase in shoot density and foliage colour. Added P and K did not show any significant response on clipping yield and underground biomass on both sites, nor on shoot density and foliage colour in the loam. However, added P and K showed some weak significant effects on foliage colour in the sand. The centred logarithmic transformation (clr = centred log ratio) of nitrogen concentrations in the clippings have reduced the degree of inter-correlation between nutrients from 0.6 to 0.1 in the principal component analysis and was amenable to a χ2 distribution of CND indices. Using a critical imbalance index CND r2 of 5.6 as χ2 value and a critical CND IN 2 of 1.5 for a five-nutrient simplex (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), CND diagnosed 179 qualified specimens as imbalanced of which 110 specimens were excessively high in N level (with a success rate of 99 %) among the total 328 qualified specimens taken from commercial sod farms. Consequently, CND norms proved to be effective in diagnosing the N status in Kentucky bluegrass clippings. The composition of foliar nutrients in Kentucky bluegrass, particularly nitrogen (N), can significantly influence its aesthetic quality such as shoot density and foliage colour. As a result, an overdose of added nitrogen can increase shoot density and foliage colour while reducing the underground biomass. For a balanced growth, the improvement of aesthetic quality should not be at the expense of the underground biomass. To this end, a diagnostic compositional model of eleven nutrients (N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe) has been developed using log-centered ratios clr and log-isometric ratios ilr whereby the critical ranges found in the aesthetic quality (shoot density and foliage colour) have been subjugated to the underground biomass of Kentucky bluegrass during its maintenance stage.
The fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), managed as turfgrass, requires a dosage of N, P and K to sustain the performance of extensive, intermediate or intensive maintenance of turfgrass grounds established in diverse soil textures from loam to sand such as golf greens and fairways, sports fields, commercial sod farms, road sides, tennis courts, municipal grounds, play grounds, residential and school green space... A three-year field study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative (clipping yield and underground turf biomass) and qualitative responses (shoot density and foliage colour) of Kentucky bluegrass turf to added (0 or 50 to 300 N); (0 or 21.8 to 87.3 P), and (0 or 41.7 to 250 K) kg ha-1 yr-1 equally broadcast six times per growing season on sand site that met the U.S.G.A. specifications and native loam site. Many studies related to fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass were conducted in the United States under a temperate climate. On the other hand, the nutritional diagnosis of Kentucky bluegrass, usually based on critical nutrient concentrations, does not account for nutrient interactions leading to less reliable conclusions. In order to obtain a fertilizer guide for turfgrasses in Quebec, calibration of nutrient needs must relate to soil texture to develop diagnostic norms for Kentucky bluegrass that include multiple interactions based on robust numeric methods such as the compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND). This thesis puts forth a new knowledge in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass under extensive, intermediate or intensive green space management in the cold area of the temperate climate then develops and validates nutritional norms enabling the user to identify any unbalanced nutrition. The ultimate goal in Kentucky bluegrass maintenance is to produce a visual high-quality turf from an aesthetic point of view. The maximum clipping yield is not a characteristic to strive for. Rather, nutritional balance N: K is necessary to reach this objective. A threeyear field study was carried out to evaluate the quantitative (clipping yield and underground biomass) and qualitative (shoot density and foliage colour) responses of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) to added 0 or 50 à 300 kg N, 0 or 21.8 à 87.3 kg P and 0 or 41.7 à 250 kg K ha-1 yr-1 equally spread six times per growing period on a sand site that met the U.S.G.A. sand specifications for golf greens (United States Golf Association) and another site of native loam. CND norms were developed based on fertilization responses and validated using data of 318 qualified specimens from commercial sod farms in Quebec. Clipping yields showed significant quadratic responses at 200 kg N ha-1 in the loam and 300 kg N ha-1 in the sand. On both sites, added nitrogen linearly reduced the underground biomass and showed a quadratic increase in shoot density and foliage colour. Added P and K did not show any significant response on clipping yield and underground biomass on both sites, nor on shoot density and foliage colour in the loam. However, added P and K showed some weak significant effects on foliage colour in the sand. The centred logarithmic transformation (clr = centred log ratio) of nitrogen concentrations in the clippings have reduced the degree of inter-correlation between nutrients from 0.6 to 0.1 in the principal component analysis and was amenable to a χ2 distribution of CND indices. Using a critical imbalance index CND r2 of 5.6 as χ2 value and a critical CND IN 2 of 1.5 for a five-nutrient simplex (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), CND diagnosed 179 qualified specimens as imbalanced of which 110 specimens were excessively high in N level (with a success rate of 99 %) among the total 328 qualified specimens taken from commercial sod farms. Consequently, CND norms proved to be effective in diagnosing the N status in Kentucky bluegrass clippings. The composition of foliar nutrients in Kentucky bluegrass, particularly nitrogen (N), can significantly influence its aesthetic quality such as shoot density and foliage colour. As a result, an overdose of added nitrogen can increase shoot density and foliage colour while reducing the underground biomass. For a balanced growth, the improvement of aesthetic quality should not be at the expense of the underground biomass. To this end, a diagnostic compositional model of eleven nutrients (N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe) has been developed using log-centered ratios clr and log-isometric ratios ilr whereby the critical ranges found in the aesthetic quality (shoot density and foliage colour) have been subjugated to the underground biomass of Kentucky bluegrass during its maintenance stage.
Korboulewsky, Nathalie. "Valorisation d'un compost de boues urbaines dans un vignoble méditerranéen : conséquences sur le sol, le végétal, et la qualité du vin". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11060.
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