Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / English language, dictionaries, bantu

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „English language, dictionaries, bantu”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 26 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "English language, dictionaries, bantu"

1

Prinsloo, Danie J. "Electronic Dictionaries viewed from South Africa". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18, nr 34 (8.03.2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i34.25798.

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The aim of this article is to evaluate currently available electronic dictionaries from a South African perspective for the eleven official languages of South Africa namely English, Afrikaans and the nine Bantu languages Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Tsonga and Venda. A brief discussion of the needs and status quo for English and Afrikaans will be followed by a more detailed discussion of the unique nature and consequent electronic dictionary requirements of the Bantu languages. In the latter category the focus will be on problematic aspects of lemmatisation which can only be solved in the electronic dictionary dimension.
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Stafecka, Anna. "Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot project". Acta Baltico-Slavica 34 (31.08.2015): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2010.004.

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Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot projectDialectologists from Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia and the Department of Language History and Dialectology of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, have developed a proposal for a joint project entitled, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, which is intended to demonstrate the close kinship of these two Baltic languages. A pilot project, supported by a grant from the University of Latvia and Directorate for the Millenium of Lithuania has been carried out between 2006 and 2008 to determine what the form and eventual content of such an atlas might be.In 2009 a summary of work carried out on the pilot project on Atlas of the Baltic Languages, Prospect has been published which includes 12 geolinguistic maps, with commentary in Latvian, Lithuanian and English. The publication also contains in the introduction homage paid to the living and extinct Baltic languages, as well as an overview of the history of the study of dialects in both countries and the characteristics and regional distribution of the dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian. The publication also describes the principles followed in creating these geolinguistic maps and associated commentary.This article describes recent progress made in research on the regional distribution of dialects of both Baltic languages. For more than a century research on the dialects of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages has taken place in parallel, separately gathering data on the various dialects of each respective language. It is, therefore, necessary first to examine, briefly, the histories of the respective geolinguistic research endeavours.The first records of differences between the territorial extents and diversity of Latvian and Lithuanian are to be found in surviving grammars and dictionaries of these languages compiled in the 17th century.The first map showing the geographical reach of the Lithuanian language is to be found in the grammar compiled in 1876 by Friedrich Kurschat. The first geolinguistic map of the Latvian language was published in 1892 by August Bielenstein.The systematic efforts at gathering Latvian and Lithuanian non-material cultural assets date from the second half of the 19th century. A new chapter in the study of Lithuanian and Latvian dialects began in the 1950s after a decision was taken to produce atlases of the two languages. At the end of the 20th century the atlases of the Lithuanian and Latvian language were published. This was the main basis for joint project – The Atlas of the Baltic LanguagesThe maps created in the framework of the pilot project, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, show the principal grouping of most terms used by the speakers of these two living Baltic languages. An in-depth geolinguistic study of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages could produce important findings in the field of the history of the Baltic peoples. Атлас балтийских языков: проект разработкиВ 2009 году был издан сигнальный проект Baltu valodu atlants (Атлас балтийских языков), в котором кроме 12 геолингвистических карт с комментариями на латышском, литовском и аглийском языках, дана обширная вступительная часть, посвященная живым и мертвым балтийским языкам, краткая история диалектологических исследований обеих стран, характеристика и распространение диалектов латышского и литовского языков, а также принцип составления карт и комментариев. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли предыдущие геолингвистические исследования и собранные по вопроснику диалектные материалы обоих балтийских языков.В течение более столетия исследования диалектов литовского и латышского языков развивались параллельно. Языковые в диалектные данные были собраны и обработаны в отдельности для каждого языка. Необходимо затем проследить историю геолингвистических исследований диалектов обоих языков.Первые сведения о территориальных различиях латышского и литовского языков были отнесены уже в грамматиках и словарях XVII века.Первую карту распространения литовского языка предложил Фридрих Куршат (Friedrich Kurschat) в изданной в 1876 году грамматике литовского языка.В 1892 году была издана первая геолингвистическиая карта латышского языка, ее автором был священник немецкой национальности Август Биленштайн (August Bielenstein).Во второй половине XIX века в Европе собирались этнографические материалы и исследовались местные языковые особенности. В это же время появляются первые программы собирания латышской и литовской нематериальной культуры. Новый период в исследовании латышских и литовских диалектов начался в 50-ые годы XX века, когда было решено издать атласы литовского и латышского языков. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли изданные в конце XX века диалектологические атласы литовского и латышского языков, составленные в нем карты показывают их общие лексические ареалы.
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Nesi, Hilary. "Dictionary use by English language learners". Language Teaching 47, nr 1 (6.12.2013): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444813000402.

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Research into dictionary use does not have a long history. Although publishers recognised in the 1960s that ‘dictionaries should be designed with a special set of users in mind’ (Householder 1967: 279) there were extremely few empirical user studies before the 1980s – Welker's most recent survey (2010) lists only six. The subsequent surge of interest in this field was fuelled by big changes to dictionary content and design in the 1980s and 1990s, changes that were particularly evident in dictionaries for learners of English as a foreign language, conventionally known as ‘learners’ dictionaries’. In the space of a few years the Oxford advanced learner's dictionary, generally considered to be the earliest advanced learners’ dictionary (first published under a different title in 1942, with subsequent editions in 1948, 1963, 1974 and 1989) was joined by two new competitors: the Longman dictionary of contemporary English (first edition 1978, second edition 1987) and the COBUILD English dictionary (1987). In 1995 all three of these advanced learners’ dictionaries brought out new editions, and a fourth, the Cambridge international dictionary of English, was launched. These dictionaries, sometimes referred to as ‘the big four’ (Bogaards 1996, De Schryver 2012 and others), drew on Eastern European traditions of lexical description, the illustrative practices of American children's dictionaries, and insights from English language teaching pedagogies. Each had its own distinctive layout and defining style, prompting a spate of comparative studies intended to help users make appropriate purchasing choices, and to help publishers improve their design still further, for example by changes to the entry microstructure. A fifth such dictionary, the Macmillan English dictionary for advanced learners, appeared in 2002.
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Nakao, Keisuke. "English-Japanese Learners' Dictionaries". International Journal of Lexicography 2, nr 4 (1989): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/2.4.295.

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Lubensky, Sophia, O. P. Benyuch i G. V. Chernov. "Russian-English English-Russian: Hippocrene Practical Dictionaries". Modern Language Journal 72, nr 1 (1988): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327607.

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Bradley, Philip. "English-language dictionaries, past and present". Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 15, Issue 2 15, nr 2 (1.10.1986): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1986.15.2.12.

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Yordanova, Milena. "Dictionaries for English Language Teaching in the Bulgarian Revival". Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 49, nr 5 (20.10.2022): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for22.555rech.

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The article presents an analytical review of the available bilingual dictionaries (Bulgarian-English and English-Bulgarian) that were used during the Bulgarian Revival for English language teaching. A quantitative analysis of the dictionaries is made, with special attention paid to the selection of the vocabulary included in them. The specific features of the appendices placed at the end of the dictionaries are discussed. The characteristics of the dictionaries are examined from a linguistic and philological perspective.
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Prinsloo, D. J. "Detection and lexicographic treatment of salient features in e-dictionaries for African languages1". International Journal of Lexicography 33, nr 3 (27.11.2019): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecz031.

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Abstract As for many e-dictionaries across the globe, e-dictionaries for African languages embarked on the unfortunate route of being ‘paper dictionaries on computer’ often simply enhanced with additional search features or simply by perpetuating the practice followed in paper dictionaries of compiling e-dictionaries which are just translated word lists. In this article it will be argued that e-dictionaries for African languages should firstly be compiled through maximum utilization of ‘true electronic’ features enabled by the computer era. Secondly, specific attention should be given to the salient features of the Bantu language family, taking Sepedi (Northern Sotho) as a case in point. Thirdly attention is given to the issue of dictionary survival in the information era and how innovative e-support systems can contribute to ensure that future dictionaries will remain the preferred point of departure for users for information retrieval.
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Kaye, Alan S., Marcel Lemmens i Herman Wekker. "Grammar in English Learners' Dictionaries". Language 64, nr 2 (czerwiec 1988): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415467.

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Lew, Robert. "Dictionaries for learners of English". Language Teaching 49, nr 2 (18.03.2016): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026144481500049x.

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The Department of Lexicography and Lexicology at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań has done extensive research on dictionary use in the context of language teaching and learning. The department forms part of the Faculty of English, which is the largest institution in continental Europe educating teachers of English at the B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. levels. Therefore, it is only natural that the language-teaching potential of dictionaries is the main focus of the studies undertaken in the Department.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "English language, dictionaries, bantu"

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Meso, Tlou Phestus. "Language dynamism in English-Northern Sotho/Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries : a case of translation equivalence". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1511.

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Thesis (M. A. (Translation and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016
This study reveals that language dynamisms affect the compilation of Northern Sotho – English bilingual dictionaries. In this regard, the study shows that the role of translation equivalence cannot be taken for granted. To fully grasp what translation equivalence entails, the study compared formal equivalence with dynamic equivalence. Although there are merits in adopting foreign terms and concepts, the study investigates the problem lexicographers and terminologists of English–Northern Sotho or Northern Sotho–English bilingual dictionaries encounter and suggests possible solutions. Different strategies and procedures for dealing with non-equivalence between the source and target languages are also discussed. Lastly, the study recommends that language dynamism is inevitable if Northern Sotho is to thrive as one of the functional languages in the world. The consequences of shunning dynamism are dire as this might lead to language death.
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Kobayashi, Chiho. "The use of pocket electronic dictionaries as compared with printed dictionaries by Japanese learners of English". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155615693.

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Maciel, Carla Maria Ataíde Hawkins Bruce Wayne Kalter Susan. "Bantu oral narratives in the training of EFL teachers in Mozambique". Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390280981&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1202917314&clientId=43838.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.
Title from title page screen, viewed on February 13, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Bruce Hawkins, Susan Kalter (co-chairs), Kristin Dykstra. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-275) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Chittaladakorn, Khemlada. "Unorthodox Oral Expressions in English Dictionaries, Corpora, Textbooks, and English Language Instructional Materials". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2911.

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The aim of this project is to provide useful data from published dictionaries, corpora, and instructional materials, as well as sample lessons, to promote the teaching of Unorthodox Oral Expressions (UOEs) to learners of English as a second/foreign language. In the first chapter, the author reviews relevant literature, explains what UOEs are, and discusses the importance of incorporating UOEs in EFL or ESL classrooms. In the second chapter, a linguistic categorization of UOEs is given. In the third chapter, the results are given of an examination of 10 different dictionaries. The purpose of this examination was to find which of 56 target UOEs are included in each dictionary and what kind of definitions are given for them. The results show that many common UOEs are not included in most, or any, dictionaries. For the UOEs that are included in most dictionaries, the definitions do not always agree, and factors such as intonation are not taken into account. Moreover, the explanations on how the UOEs can be used are not complete. In the fourth chapter, three English language corpora are examined to discover which of the target 56 UOEs are the most frequently used. The results show some differences in UOE frequency between the corpora that include both spoken and written English text and the spoken English corpora. In the fifth chapter, the teaching of UOEs in ESL textbooks is analyzed. The results show that most of these books do not teach UOEs explicitly. In chapter six, experimental instructional units are provided. Results of piloting these lessons at Brigham Young University's English Language Center are discussed. In the last chapter, the author suggests possible future research involving UOEs.
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Rudd, Rebecca Lynn. "Electronic dictionaries in the ESL composition class". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2893.

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This thesis examines the use of electronic dictionaries by ESL students. In particular, it considers how, when and why students use electronic dictionaries in their writing processes. It also explores the extent to which students use words found in an electronic dictionary appropriately in their texts and whether electronic dictionary use influences their long-term acquisition of vocabulary.
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黃奇芳 i Ki-fong Wong. "A study of Sidney Lau's 'a practical Cantonese-English dictionary'". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30257232.

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Mandalios, Jane. "Pedagogic imperialism in English language teaching : the case of bilingual dictionaries". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438364.

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Burlingham, Bronwyn. "Lexicographic traditions and prefatory discourse of 17 th century dictionaries: Monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English works". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26861.

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In this study, we have explored the prefaces of monolingual English, monolingual French, and bilingual French-English dictionaries of the 17 th century. The monolingual works studied constitute the first of this kind to have been published. Over the course of this research, we have demonstrated that despite different lexicographic traditions, dictionary prefaces convey basically the same type of information, and address the same general issues. This study is divided into two main sections. In the first, we have provided historical information on the dictionaries, so as to illustrate the historical context in which they were published. In the second section, we have examined the prefaces themselves, first giving an overview of each text studied, and then providing a thematic analysis of the prefaces within each group as a whole, observing topics that are commonly treated among them, within the broader categories of dictionary content, lexicographic context, and linguistic context. Over the course of the research, we have established that though each text is unique, certain features are shared not only among the prefaces within one same category, but in fact across all three types of dictionary.
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Mothiba, Tebogo Innocent. "The application of reversibility principle in Northern Sotho-english Bilingual dictionaries : a lexicographic analysis". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1140.

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Thesis (M.A. (Translation Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2012
This study focuses on aspects that form part of the reasons of not having complete bidirectional bilingual dictionaries and to find solutions to those problems. The following dictionaries have been evaluated in this study: Oxford Pukuntšu ya Sekolo School Dictionary (2010), Pharos Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary (2007 & 2009) and Sesotho sa Leboa/English Pukuntšu Dictionary (2006). Most African bilingual dictionaries which are supposed to be bidirectional are not because reversibility is not applied thoroughly. This study focuses on checking how Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries apply the reversibility principle. When evaluating bilingual dictionaries it comes to light that there are a lot of errors that lexicographers commit and these errors negatively affect the process of compiling complete user-friendly bidirectional dictionaries. Having user-friendly bidirectional bilingual dictionaries is very important because dictionaries help different language speakers to learn each other’s language.
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Chavalala, Bulu James. "Lemmatisation of derivative nouns in Xitsonga-English bilingual dictionaries". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2373.

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Książki na temat "English language, dictionaries, bantu"

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Botne, Robert Dale Olson. A Lega and English dictionary with an index to Proto-Bantu roots. Köln: R. Köppe, 1994.

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Mosaka, Naledi Mpolokeng. Metalanguage of common medical terms in three Bantu languages. Gaborone, Botswana: Kokeb, 2012.

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Yoneda, Nobuko. Vocabulary of the Matengo language. Tokyo, Japan: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 2006.

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Dra, Sri Handayani, Suprapto Slamet, Permana Darsa i Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara (Indonesia), red. Kamus pengolahan mineral dan batu bara. Bandung: Puslitbang Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, Badan Litbang Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2005.

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Chicuna, Alexandre Mavungo. Portuguesismos nas línguas Bantu: Para um dicionário Português-Kiyombe. Lisboa: Edições Colibri, 2014.

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Manuel, Bermejo Marcos, i Chang-Rodríguez Eugenio, red. Collins Spanish-English, English-Spanish dictionary. Wyd. 2. London: Collins, 1988.

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Rijckaert, Arseen. Dutch-English, English-Dutch. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1999.

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P, Cowie A., i Evison Alan, red. Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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1921-, Pogonowski Iwo Cyprian, red. Polish-English, English-Polish dictionary. New York: Hippocrene Bks., 1995.

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Vladimiro, Macchi, i Edigeo, red. English-Italian, Italian-English. Milano: Rizzoli Larousse, 2003.

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Części książek na temat "English language, dictionaries, bantu"

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Hünig, Wolfgang. "Style labels in monolingual English learner’s dictionaries". W Motivation in Language, 367–89. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.243.23hun.

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Stein, Gabriele. "Sixteenth-Century English-Vernacular Dictionaries". W Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 219. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.40.23ste.

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Hüllen, Werner. "English Onomasiological Dictionaries and Thesauri". W A Companion to the History of the English Language, 103–12. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444302851.ch10.

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Delbridge, Arthur. "Cultural, situational and modal labels in dictionaries of English". W Language Topics, 65. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.lt1.49del.

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Delbridge, Arthur. "Cultural, situational and modal labels in dictionaries of English". W Language Topics, 65. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.lt2.50del.

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Adams, Michael. "English Unbound: Dictionaries, Dialects, and Boundaries". W Handbook of the Changing World Language Map, 1323–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02438-3_138.

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Adams, Michael. "English Unbound: Dictionaries, Dialects, and Boundaries". W Handbook of the Changing World Language Map, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73400-2_138-1.

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Lancashire, Ian. "Word-entry patterns in Early Modern English dictionaries". W Patterns in Language and Linguistics, redaktorzy Beatrix Busse i Ruth Moehlig-Falke, 69–96. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110596656-004.

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Bronstein, Arthur J. "The History of Pronunciation in English-Language Dictionaries". W Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.40.04bro.

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Hartmann, Reinhard R. K. "Dictionaries Today: What Can We Do With Them?" W A Companion to the History of the English Language, 93–102. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444302851.ch9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "English language, dictionaries, bantu"

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Almiman, Ali, i Allan Ramsay. "Using English Dictionaries to generate Commonsense Knowledge in Natural Language". W RANLP 2017 - Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing Meet Deep Learning. Incoma Ltd. Shoumen, Bulgaria, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-049-6_009.

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Nurkenova, Saule S., i Karylgash U. Kinzhagaliyeva. "Substandard dictionaries in linguaexpert practice of English". W Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-134.

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The article deals with the overview of the substandard vocabulary of the English language, which provides historical references on the emergence and development of socio-lexicography in foreign linguistics.
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Nyetanyane, John, i Muthoni Masinde. "Development of English-isiZulu Language Translator to Bridge Language Barrier Between EWS and Bantu Language Speaking Farmers. Case of Swayimane, KwazuluNatal, South Africa". W 2022 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ist-africa56635.2022.9845671.

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Machonis, Peter A. "Using Electronic Dictionaries and NooJ to Generate Sentences Containing English Phrasal Verbs". W Proceedings of the Linguistic Resources for Automatic Natural Language Generation - LiRA@NLG. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-3805.

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Zannrni, Imadin, Hema Hamza i Laila Shareef. "Contemporary Arabic and English Idioms: Translating Difficulties and Strategies". W 3rd International Conference on Language and Education. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/iclangedu2023/paper.932.

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Translation is prospering in Iraq in general and people have become more interested in translation due to the fact that Translation is a primary way of communication. Also, Translation has been a good business recently. Idioms are culturally specific and contain several cultural characteristics, translating idioms is difficult. The goal of this study is to have better understand the challenges faced by Translation Iraqi undergraduates while translating idioms. The researchers conducted a test to determine the problems and difficulties. 60 senior students from University of Mosul and Cihan University-Erbil in Iraq participated in the test most of them were females. The study concludes that incorrect translation resulted from lack of understanding the culture, the misuse of idioms dictionaries, and the lack of equivalence.
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Aljlayl, Mohammed, i Ophir Frieder. "Effective arabic-english cross-language information retrieval via machine-readable dictionaries and machine translation". W the tenth international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/502585.502635.

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Niyazova, Gulnorakhon. "DEVELOPING LEARNER DICTIONARIES WITH CORPUS LINGUISTICS METHODS". W Modern approaches and new trends in teaching foreign languages. Alisher Navo'i Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.conf.teach.foreign.lang.2024.8.5/dmeq9969.

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This article explores the intersection of corpus linguistics and language teaching through the lens of specialized learner dictionaries in the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and English for Academic Purposes (EAP) teaching. It highlights the role of corpus lexicography in bridging theory and practice, emphasizing the practical applications of corpus analysis in constructing learner dictionaries tailored to the needs of ESP/EAP students. Drawing on insights from corpus studies and practical research, the article discusses the challenges and opportunities in developing specialized dictionaries that facilitate language learning and teaching. By examining the relationship between theory and tools in lexicography, it advocates for greater collaboration between researchers, educators, and lexicographers to enhance language education through innovative dictionary construction methods.
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Karpinska, Laura, i Dace Liepiņa. "Bilingual Lexicographic Resources in Support of Acquiring Legal Terminology for Translation Purposes". W Language for International Communication. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lincs.2023.04.

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The support of bilingual lexicographic resources is crucial in mastering legal terminology both in the target and source language. The present study has focused on Latvian-English and English-Latvian print and online lexicographic resources accessible for all parties interested in acquiring legal terminology in both languages, in particular in the light of the new school reform School 2030 where translation is mentioned among other competences that should be developed already at school. Even though several bilingual legal terminological dictionaries have been published it must be recognised that currently there is no comprehensive Latvian-English-Latvian dictionary of legal terms. At present the success or failure in mastering legal terminology largely depends on the background knowledge of the user. Trends prevailing in the study process as well as in translation practice confirm a marked movement towards the use of lexicographic resources in the digital format. It should be noted that this format also offers considerable advantages in designing dictionaries in respect of their content, volume, structure and user-friendliness. Digital format would allow developing a comprehensive bilingual dictionary of legal terms involving collaboration among legal professionals, terminologists and lexicographers. The microstructure of this dictionary should include labels, definitions, illustrative examples, etc. giving additional information and contexts where legal terms are used, thus providing important information for diverse groups of users – learners, legal professionals, translators and interpreters.
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Visan, Ruxandra. "DICTIONARY CONSULTATION HABITS OF ROMANIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL". W eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-236.

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The present paper focuses on the field of dictionary use, and examines frequency of dictionary consultation as well as dictionary preference among Romanian learners of English. Representative research on dictionary use includes Tomaszczyk (1979) and Wingate (2002) (see also Lew 2004 for an overview of the literature on dictionary consultation habits). While there has been significant research concerning dictionary use, the dictionary consultation habits of L1 Romanian speakers have been understudied (with few exceptions, see Vi?an 2018). Taking its cue from existing studies such as Atikins and Varantola (1998) which have found a correlation between dictionary use and proficiency level, the present paper focuses on a group of 214 Romanian students of EFL who major in English at the University of Bucharest, with two levels of English proficiency, namely B1 (95 students) and C1 (109 students). The paper shows that, as previous metalexicographers have underlined in studies focusing on foreign language learners, there appears to be a tendency among higher-proficiency learners to employ monolingual dictionaries more than bilingual dictionaries. This tendency occurs on the backdrop of a preference of the selected group of Romanian students, regardless of their level of proficiency, for monolingual dictionaries of English. The paper goes on to offer a detailed discussion of the context in which Romanian learners of English consult dictionaries at university level, attempting to identify the major factors which influence their lexicographical choices. The paper argues that the limited range of choice regarding bilingual dictionaries for Romanian learners of English (especially Romanian-English ones) can be seen as influencing the preference of Romanian students for monolingual dictionaries.
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Selcuk, Hasan, i Linda Daniela. "The Use of Online Dictionaries During Web-Based Collaborative Writing Among EFL Learners". W ATEE 2022 Annual Conference. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/atee.2022.32.

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This study is about an investigation of Turkish high school English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ use of online dictionaries during asynchronous web-based collaborative writing (CW) activity. 26 groups of three EFL learners (N = 78, 16 years) were involved in a-two-hour CW task in English outside the classroom setting in a Facebook group. Data were gathered from 78 online researcher-participant interviews and 8,700 discussion threads collected from 26 groups. The study’s findings revealed that 80% of participants used their mobile phones to undertake the activity, so they preferred online English dictionaries with mobile applications. Participants with high English proficiency mainly used online English dictionaries to search for the collocations of words to vivify their sentences. Also, those participants directed their group members to use the online dictionaries to independently identify their vocabulary mistakes and validate their existing vocabulary knowledge. Participants who had low English proficiency mainly used online bilingual dictionaries (Turkish-English) to look up the unknown words and then got their group partners to verify their use in their collaborative writing pieces. Additionally, Google Translate was utilised by those participants to serve a purpose of an online dictionary. This study provides useful insights for researchers and EFL teachers about how online dictionaries were used during the web-based collaborative writing process.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "English language, dictionaries, bantu"

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Chen, Aitao, Hailing Jiang i Fredric Gey. English-Chinese Cross-Language IR Using Bilingual Dictionaries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456270.

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Pikilnyak, Andrey V., Nadia M. Stetsenko, Volodymyr P. Stetsenko, Tetiana V. Bondarenko i Halyna V. Tkachuk. Comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the context of the digital transformation of education. [б. в.], czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4431.

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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of popular online dictionaries and an overview of the main tools of these resources to study a language. The use of dictionaries in learning a foreign language is an important step to understanding the language. The effectiveness of this process increases with the use of online dictionaries, which have a lot of tools for improving the educational process. Based on the Alexa Internet resource it was found the most popular online dictionaries: Cambridge Dictionary, Wordreference, Merriam–Webster, Wiktionary, TheFreeDictionary, Dictionary.com, Glosbe, Collins Dictionary, Longman Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary. As a result of the deep analysis of these online dictionaries, we found out they have the next standard functions like the word explanations, transcription, audio pronounce, semantic connections, and examples of use. In propose dictionaries, we also found out the additional tools of learning foreign languages (mostly English) that can be effective. In general, we described sixteen functions of the online platforms for learning that can be useful in learning a foreign language. We have compiled a comparison table based on the next functions: machine translation, multilingualism, a video of pronunciation, an image of a word, discussion, collaborative edit, the rank of words, hints, learning tools, thesaurus, paid services, sharing content, hyperlinks in a definition, registration, lists of words, mobile version, etc. Based on the additional tools of online dictionaries we created a diagram that shows the functionality of analyzed platforms.
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Buitrago-García, Hilda Clarena. Teaching Dictionary Skills through Online Bilingual Dictionaries. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.23.

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This module, aimed at helping both English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and their students, is the result of a qualitative, applied, transversal and constructivist research conducted with Open Lingua teachers. One of the objectives of said research was to establish the factors that favored and hindered the curriculum integration of open access bilingual dictionaries in that specific EFL context in order to design and implement some pedagogical and didactic initiatives that would foster the effective use of those lexical tools. The present module was a fundamental element within the series of proposals that arose along the research. Its main objective was to provide the teachers with the necessary conceptual knowledge and didactic strategies and resources to teach their students how to use that kind of online dictionary with higher degrees of ease, enjoyment, and efficiency, and, thus, to reduce the frequency of look up errors. This module offers a variety of digital resources, handouts, and hands-on and assessment activities that can greatly facilitate their job when teaching dictionary skills to their students.
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Гарлицька, Т. С. Substandard Vocabulary in the System of Urban Communication. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3912.

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The article is devoted to substandard elements which are considered as one of the components in the system of urban forms of communication. The Object of our research is substandard vocabulary, the Subject is structural characteristics of the modern city language, the Purpose of the study is to define the main types of substandard vocabulary and their role in the system of urban communication. The theoretical base of our research includes the scientific works of native and foreign linguists, which are devoted to urban linguistics (B. Larin, M. Makovskyi, V. Labov, T. Yerofeieva, L. Pederson, R. McDavid, O. Horbach, L. Stavytska, Y. Stepanov, S. Martos). Different lexical and phraseological units, taken from the Ukrainian, Russian and American Dictionaries of slang and jargon, serve as the material of our research. The main components of the city language include literary language, territorial dialects, different intermediate transitional types, which are used in the colloquial everyday communication but do not have territorial limited character, and social dialects. The structural characteristics, proposed in the article, demonstrate the variety and correlation of different subsystems of the city language. Today peripheral elements play the main role in the city communication. They are also called substandard, non-codified, marginal, non-literary elements or the jargon styles of communication. Among substandard elements of the city language the most important are social dialects, which include such subsystems as argot, jargon and slang. The origin, functioning and characteristics of each subsystem are studied on the material of linguistic literature of different countries. It is also ascertained that argot is the oldest form of sociolects, jargon divides into corporative and professional ones, in the structure of slangy words there are common and special slang. Besides, we can speak about sociolectosentrism of the native linguistics and linguemosentrism of the English tradition of slang nomination. Except social dialects, the important structural elements of the city language are also intermediate transitional types, which include koine, colloquialisms, interdialect, surzhyk, pidgin and creole. Surzhyk can be attributed to the same type of language formations as pidgin and creole because these types of oral speech were created mostly by means of the units mixing of the obtruded language of the parent state with the elements of the native languages.
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