Rozprawy doktorskie: „English as a Second Language”

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Hsieh, Fang-Yen. "Relative clause acquisition in second language Chinese and second language English". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709395.

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Lawrence, Tracee Ann Lang Adler Susan A. "First language literacy and second language reading". Diss., UMK access, 2005.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A dissertation in curriculum and instructional leadership." Advisor: Susan Adler. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 23, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-125 ). Online version of the print edition.

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Schmitt, Melanie. "Studies in second fronting". Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract. Move to record for print copy, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/591/.

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Thesis (MPhil(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
MPhil(R) thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, Department of English Language, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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Heinonen, Elisabeth. "Writing in English as a Second Language". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-834.

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The aim of this essay was to extend my knowledge of teaching writing and children's attitudes towards writing in English. I chose to focus my study on grade six, as I had the opportunity to work with two different classes in Linköping and Södertälje. I assigned them a free writing task as well as a questinnaire. In the literture study I intended to extend my knowledge of the process of writing in a second language.

Throught the course of my research I have come to understand how important it is to choose subjects which inspire all pupils to write. They should also have the opportunity to choose subjects which interests them. It is the content which is important not the layout or spelling.

In my study I have found that pupils take writing in English seriously. However, I have also found that without an encouraging teacher, it is hard to engage pupils in writing. One could say that it is the teacher who directs the writing process. Moreover, the pupils need to be motivated and interested to write well. This includes having varied lessons and considering the pupils'explicit needs.

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Hirakawa, Makiko. "Unaccusativity in second language Japanese and English". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36771.

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This thesis investigates L2 acquisition of intransitive verb constructions in Japanese and English. Within the Generative framework, the Unaccusative Hypothesis has been proposed, which divides intransitive verbs into two syntactically distinct classes: unergatives and unaccusatives (Burzio 1986). The sole argument of unergative verbs is an Agent generated in subject position, whereas that of unaccusative verbs is a Theme or Patient base-generated in object position. While the unaccusative/unergative distinction at the level of Deep (D)-Structure holds universally, as derived by a universal principle called the Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis (UTAH, Baker 1988), languages differ as to where the underlying object of unaccusatives may be positioned at the level of Surface (S)-structure. In the case of English, it surfaces in the subject position where it receives Nominative Case. In the case of Japanese, on the other hand, it has been argued that the argument of unaccusative verbs remains in its base-generated object position and that Nominative Case is assigned within the Verb Phrase.
Experimental studies are conducted to examine learners' knowledge of unaccusativity at the two levels, i.e. D-Structure and S-Structure. It is hypothesized that learners will show sensitivity to unaccusativity at D-Structure, but that they may not acquire the correct representation of unaccusativity in the L2 at S-Structure, at least in an earlier stage. The first two studies present the L2 acquisition of English by Japanese speakers. The next two studies are concerned with the L2 acquisition of Japanese by English speakers. Overall, results of the four studies confirm the hypotheses, and L2 learners appear to have problems where the L1 manifests a different representation from the L2. Nevertheless, it is observed that L2 learners behavior is not random even when difficulty arises, in that the L2 learners are often consistent with one class of verbs, but not with the other. Thus, it is suggested that the L2 acquisition of intransitive verb constructions is constrained by universal principles, such as the Unaccusative Hypothesis and the UTAH.

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Wright, Anthony David. "Critical moments in the second language classroom : towards an understanding of second language classroom culture". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333857.

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King, James Edward. "Silence in the second language classroom". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13498/.

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This mixed-methods investigation reports on the under-researched issue of silence within Japanese university second language (L2) classrooms. An extensive, multi-site study using a structured observation methodology was employed to investigate the classroom behaviour of over 900 language learners across nine universities in Japan. To effectively measure the extent of macro-level silence within their classrooms, an original observation instrument called the Classroom Oral Participation Scheme (COPS) was specially developed for the task. A total of 48 hours of data was collected using a minute-by-minute sampling strategy which resulted in some startling results. Learners were found to be responsible for less than one percent of initiated talk within their classes, while over a fifth of total class time observed was characterised by no oral participation by any participants. Complementing the COPS' quantitative evidence of a robust national trend of silence in Japan's universities, a parallel qualitative phase of the investigation gave students a voice about their silences by drawing on over seventy-thousand words of transcribed data collected during a series of semi-structured interviews. This phase of the research provided a valuable individual-level analysis of learners' fundamental beliefs about and personal experiences of not speaking in L2 educational contexts. The final phase of the project adopted an event-specific focus on classroom silence by utilising a stimulated recall methodology to uncover what students were actually thinking and feeling whilst silent episodes were in progress during lessons. Using Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) as its conceptual background, the investigation moves away from reductionist, single-cause explanations for learner reticence to suggest that silence actually emerges through multiple, concurrent routes. These routes (termed attractors in DST) are so abundant, and appear to be so well supported both educationally and culturally in the Japanese context, that silence has fossilised into a semi-permanent attractor state within university language classrooms.

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Abalos, Aurora S. "English language training for Navy enlisted personnel who speak English as a second language". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA242340.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Crawford, Alice M. Second Reader: Eitelbert, Mark J. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 29, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Environments, naval personnel, navy, programming languages, enlisted personnel, english language, language, communication and radio systems, instructions, recruits, naval training, training, recruiting DTIC Identifier(s): English language, military training, esl(english as a second language), naval personnel, enlisted personnel, recruiting, theses. Author(s) subject terms: English language training programs in the Navy, ESL training in the Army, ESL training programs in civilian industry Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available in print.

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Milligan, James N. "Second language learning needs of illiterate Italian adults, students of English as a Second Language". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28716.pdf.

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Estrada, Karla V. "Examining English Language Development among English Language Learners with Specific Learning Disability". Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610109.

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As the population of English Language Learners (ELLs) continues to grow in schools, so does the concern for their lack of academic progress and the possible inequitable representation of this culturally and linguistically diverse population in special education (Artiles, Rueda, Salazar, & Higareda, 2005; Guiberson, 2009; Mac Swan & Rolstad, 2006; Rinaldi & Samson, 2008). Of particular concern is the increase of ELLs with an eligibility of Specific Learning Disability (SLD), especially when examined at the local level (Klinger, Artiles, & Barletta, 2006). To understand this phenomenon at the local level, this mixed-method study examined ELLs with SLD in a large California urban school district by targeting English language development (ELD) at the macro and micro level. The researcher accomplished this focus by examining the relationship between English language proficiency levels, grade levels, and type of learning disorder among kindergarten through twelfth grade ELLs with SLD. The researcher analyzed cumulative educational records of three eighth grade ELLs with SLD, including Individualized Educational Programs (IEPs), to examine how ELD needs have been addressed. The results of the quantitative portion of this study revealed greater distribution patterns of ELLs with SLD in sixth through ninth grades. The researcher also found ELLs with SLD to be primarily represented in the early stages of ELD (beginning, early intermediate, and intermediate) and identified with an auditory processing disorder. Results of the case studies also revealed that after nine years of ELD instruction, the students had not reclassified as English proficient and documented evidence of ELD instruction and support was minimal.

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Li, Juan. "Revision strategies in English-second-language academic writing". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0007/MQ45284.pdf.

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Satter, Thomas O. "English as a second language issues and strategies /". [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2007. http://165.236.235.140/lib/TSatter2007.pdf.

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Nesbitt, Perez Susan L. "Use of subordination in English second language texts". Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3588149.

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This study investigates features of high-level academic writing in English with the aim of understanding the development of L2 English learners’ academic writing skills as they follow a course of study in an English-speaking country. The study focuses on L2 writers’ text quality and use of clause subordinators as a measure of writing complexity. The typology of the writers’ L1s provides the organizational framework for the study, with three language typology groupings determined by a writer’s L1 word order tendency: (1) configurational languages, (2) nonconfigurational languages, and (3) Asian languages.

The corpus analyzed included written work collected at the beginning, the middle, and the end of a semester from 19 international graduate-level students enrolled in a semester-long academic writing course specifically for international students. The principal features examined in the corpus of texts collected were writers’ use and frequency of subordinators, and text comprehensibility. To provide a comparative reference for the academic writing course findings, a separate dataset composed of 240 TOEFL^®iBT independent essays was also examined for evidence of similar features.

The results revealed that (1) writers from configurationally different L1s write texts in English that are significantly different in quality and complexity, and; (2) the analysis of the significant differences between groups—sentence length, sentence complexity, comprehensibility, total subordinator frequency, and specific subordinator usage—shows the groups are distinct in their text construction and use of subordination, and that the configurational group’s texts are most different from other groups. Writers’ self-reflections on the progression of their writing skills during the study abroad context add insights to the quantitative findings. The study’s findings suggest directions for future research in L2 writing development, inform EFL pedagogy and L2 English learners’ preparation for study abroad, and underscore the importance of colleges and universities providing comprehensive writing support to incoming international students.

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Pliatsikas, Christos. "Grammatical processing in second language learners of English". Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533754.

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Wallis, Karen Ann. "Instructional Practices of English as Second Language Teachers". ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1234.

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The past decade has seen a significant increase in the emergence of English Language Learners (ELLs) in the United States. Nationally, a disparity in achievement exists between ELLs and non-ELLs. Relatedly, this problem was evident in a northeastern school district, where ELLs had not made Adequate Yearly Progress 2 years in a row. The purpose of this study was to examine how much time English as Second Language (ESL) teachers spend on a variety of best instructional practices. Constructivism, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, and Tomilinson's differentiated instruction were the frameworks used to guide this research. A within-group design was utilized to identify how much time 25 ESL educators spent on 5 types of instructional practices. The Survey of Instructional Practices for ESL/ELD Teachers for Grades K-12 was used to collect data. A 1-way analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences between the amounts of time ESL teachers spent on the 5 instructional practices. The greatest time was spent on individualized instructional activities and a variety of educational tasks. Less time was spent on small group activities, and the least amount of time was spent on inquiry-based activities and technology activities. Findings supported the creation of a professional development for ESL teachers at the local site focusing on (a) best instructional practices for teaching ESL students, (b) professional learning community network of support, and (c) resources to support educators in their lesson planning of instructional activities. The study findings and culminating project may positively affect social change by improving ESL instruction at the local site and ultimately decreasing the disparity in achievement between ELL and non-ELL students.

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Morris, Judith. "Science education and the english second language learner". Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1062.

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The growing diversity of school populations around the world means that for many students the language of instruction in mainstream classrooms is not their first language. Content-based second language learning in a context such as a science classroom is considered advantageous as it enables the learner to manipulate a target language such as English in a way which is meaningful. However, science students who have yet to achieve communicative competence in English are disadvantaged when it comes to developing a deep understanding of scientific concepts. Many mainstream science teachers have concerns about this significant group of learners who can be left on the periphery of the class to cope as best as they can. Very often teachers aim to meet the needs of English Second Language (ESL) learners without any specific knowledge of the strategies which would enhance learning and ensure that learning environments encourage participation and interaction. The students themselves have not only to deal with language and sociocultural issues but must face the cognitive demands of science including negotiating its specialised language.The study had two main purposes. The first goal was to describe the current situation with respect to nine ESL learners of science and their teachers in selected learning environments in Australia. The secondary purpose was to bring about improvement in the students' situations by employing specifically designed interventions. The study had three focal areas: the language; the teaching and learning environment; and the ESL student. It was conducted in three phases. Phase one involved investigating the current situations in the three focal areas. Phase two involved reflection, planning and development of the broad interventions and specific strategies which were used to assist teaching and learning. In phase three the strategies were implemented and their effectiveness was analysed using a multidimensional interpretive framework. Changes in communicative competence, interactional and participative competencies and academic competence were observed. The interventions which were intended to promote communicative competence for the language focus, involved integration of language and literacy instruction with science education. To improve participation and interaction in the teaching and learning environment, individual assistance was provided. In order to promote academic competence for the students, content, process and/or product modifications were made to science courses.Data for the qualitative case studies was collected using classroom observation, teacher and student interviews, checklists of strategies and language errors, and portfolios of student work. Observations of the science classes in phase one revealed that, even for the students with very limited English language proficiency there was little ESL specialist support available. Mainstream subjects like science provided opportunities for language development, with biology lessons consistently including more activities which involved a combination of speaking, listening, reading and writing than did chemistry or physics classes. However, there was no coordinated approach to integrating language education with science education. The development of cognitive1 academic language took longer than 10 years for some of the students in the study. The non-technical language used in science lessons affected the students' understanding much more than the teachers were aware. Teachers' attitudes and beliefs strongly influenced the interaction and participation of ESL students in science classrooms. Developing language skills prevented ESL students asking and answering questions in class and academic progress in science was impeded by limited opportunities for ESL students to clarify their understanding. Achievement in science was affected by assessment instruments which were infused with specific linguistic or cultural knowledge.After the introduction of the interventions, improvements in communicative competence occurred for all students with the greatest progression occurring in the students with less developed language skills. Interaction and participation improved markedly in the science classrooms where teachers provided individual assistance to students. Academic competence increased in all cases. The most promising approaches included: addressing the specific language needs in a particular unit of work; the development of customized materials; the provision of weekly tutorials; and the revision of assignment drafts.

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Slocum, Sheryl. "First language status and second language writing". Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3564644.

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In spite of growing numbers in high schools and colleges, US-resident adolescent bilingual learners, sometimes termed "English as a second language" (ESL) or "Generation 1.5," are not succeeding academically in proportion to their monolingual English-speaking peers. This achievement gap is evident in their writing as they enter college. Depending on the elementary and secondary schools they have attended, bilingual learners may have received no extra English learning support (often termed "immersion"), ESL support classes, or bilingual education. In addition, depending on school and community resources, bilingual learners have varying knowledge of their first language (L1): some may only speak it, others may have basic L1 literacy, others may have studied their L1 as a school subject, while others may have studied in the medium of their L1, either in their family's home country or in a bilingual education program in the US. The purpose of this study is to determine which kind of English learning support and which kind of L1 education are more likely to prepare bilingual learners to write English successfully at college.

This study uses three sources of data: a survey on language background, a writing sample, and an optional interview. Twenty-nine college undergraduate bilingual learners participated. Their survey responses develop a profile of the varied kinds of English and L1 education they received. Each participant's communication course placement composition, written as she was applying to college, is analyzed with 12 different measures: six for surface features, four for discourse/rhetorical features, and two for coherence. The writing analysis scores are correlated with the survey data and enriched with interview excerpts to discover which forms of English and L1 education correlate with high or low writing analysis scores.

The results for this group of participants show that bilingual education and ESL support correlate most often with highly-rated communication placement compositions. Moreover, formal education in the L1 explains the writing analysis scores more accurately than the kind of language learning education the participants received. Interview data suggests that bilingual education and formal L1 education may assist students' English composition skills by helping them develop metalinguistic awareness.

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Durrant, Philip Lee. "High frequency collocations and second language learning". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10622/.

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This thesis explores the implications of high frequency collocation for adult second language learners. It addresses three main questions. First, it asks to what extent high frequency of occurrence in a corpus indicates that collocations are independently represented in the minds of native speakers. A word association study indicates that high frequency of occurrence is a fairly reliable predictor of mental representation, though this methodology does not allow us to determine the precise strength of the relationship. A series of lexical decision studies also show a relationship between frequency and representation, but effects are limited to those collocations which are sufficiently salient to also register as associates. This suggests that psycholinguistic 'priming' models may not be the best way of understanding collocation. Second, the thesis examines the idea that adult second language learners usually fail to retain the collocations to which they are exposed. This is tested through a lab-based training study and a learner-corpus study. Results suggest that adult learners are capable of learning collocations from input, but that 1) the relatively low levels of input to which most learners are exposed mean that they nevertheless tend not to attain native-like profiles of collocation use, and 2) input which provides repeated exposure to collocations can dramatically improve learning. Third, the thesis asks whether a useful pedagogical listing of frequent 'academic collocations' can be compiled. Results suggest that an academic collocation list is viable, but that important caveats need to be made concerning the nature of the collocations included and the range of disciplines for which such a listing will be useful. Moreover, listings of two-word collocations should be seen only as a starting point for more comprehensive phraseological listings. Suggestions will be made for ways in which we might go beyond such two-word listings.

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Sidorova, Vladislava. "Corrective Feedback in English Language Learners' Writing". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1478601224073001.

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Bakhsh, Jameel. "SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS UNDERGOING CULTURE SHOCK:PERCEPTIONS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING METHOD". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent160042669071272.

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Randolph, Gerda Ann Packard. "Building written language: A program for second language literacy in English". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1866.

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Pen, Ibrahem Rotha. "Integrating technology into the English as a second language curriculum: Computer-assisted English language learning". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2136.

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The project integrates computer technology with English as a second language curriculum and instruction. It utilizes the World Wide Web to deliver computer-assisted instruction in English grammar, reading and conversation. Moreover, the project shows the impact of computer technology in helping students develop critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and meaningful and applicable skills for employment.

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Che, Lah Salasiah. "Language attitudes towards English and language proficiency in English among Malaysian students : a sociolinguistic study of Penang Island". Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319259.

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Caissie, Roland. "English verb phrase grammar prototypes for speakers of other languages : a cognitive approach to facilitate second language English composition /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9351.

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Hart-Rawung, Pornpimon, i n/a. "Internationalising English language education in Thailand: English language program for Thai engineers". RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090715.100731.

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This current research study is an outcome of the global expansion of English into the business world, the vigorous growth of the research in the area of English language acquisition as a second language and a global language, as well as of the researcher's passionate ESP teaching experience to university engineering students, and her pro-active engagement with Thai automotive engineers in the multi-national companies. Through investigating the English language learning and working experience of Thai automotive engineers, pictures about their needs on English language communication in the workplace are sketched; through looking into the perspectives of the university teachers and the international engineering professionals, the factors impacting on the needs of those automotive engineers in English language communication have been demonstrated. As a product of this research study, an ESP working syllabus has been designed to showcase the major findings of this stu dy, and to inform the current and future practices in English language learning and teaching for global engineers from the angles of program design. In light of the principles in second language learning and teaching, and of the theoretical framework in Global English, this research study has been designed with a multi-faceted research strategy, which interweaves qualitative and quantitative research paradigms, and consists of questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews and case studies. The data obtained through this research strategy are analyzed through SPSS statistics, content analysis and triangulation. The research participants were recruited from two settings: automotive engineering workplace and technological educational institutions in Thailand. They include: 1) automotive engineers from an automotive-parts manufacturer, 2) foreign engineering professionals who co-work with the engineers from that manufacturing company, and 3) ESP teachers from the two selected technology universities of Thailand. The results from this study indicate that proficiency in English communication has not only become a global passport for Thai automotive engineers, but also for the engineering organisations. It works as a source of power for both employees and employers, if they own it, in entering global automotive business to effectively function and compete, but as a challenge for those who do not possess this asset. It is believed that enhancing their English language proficiency for engineers is a key toward their generic skills building. On the basis of the findings of this study, a 90-hour sample ESP syllabus spread out over a course of three months is developed. It employs an integrated model of syllabus design, having incorporated and balanced learner-centred approach, communicative approach and task-based approach. It combines classroom-based training sessions, self-directed learning and advisory sessions to introduce and strengthen the knowledge and skills and to mentor the engineers grow through the self-directed English learning process. Thus, the objectives of this sample ESP syllabus are to foster Thai engineers as not only proficient English communicators, but also as autonomous English learners. Through this learning process, they could get themselves better prepared for the challenges posed by this ever-changing world, while sowing seeds for nurturing future global leaders in the engineering profession.

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Son, Sun Ah. "The acquisition of English obstruents by Korean speakers of English as a second language /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.04Mb, 235 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3182629.

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Wezowicz, Kimberly A. "Writing instruction for second language learners : a project in effective practices /". Click for abstract, 1997. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1511.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1997.
Thesis advisor: Dr. Diane Truscott. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Reading and Language Arts." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-94).

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Miller-Cornell, Carol Ann. "Error feedback in second language writing". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3396.

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This thesis follows five second language (L2) students in an introductory composition class at California State University, San Bernardino. The study investigates their perceptions and responses to grammatical coded feedback provided by their writing instructor. The results showed that students wanted, expected, appreciated and understood the coded feedback that was given to them.

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Barnes-Hawkins, Colonda LaToya. "English Language Learners' Perspectives of the Communicative Language Approach". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2520.

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The communicative language approach (CLA) dominates pedagogical practice in second language acquisition classrooms in the US. However, this approach does not emphasize independent pronunciation instruction, leaving learners to improve pronunciation on their own. This study explored the perspectives of English language learners (ELLs) being instructed via the CLA regarding the effectiveness of the CLA in providing intelligible pronunciation skills. The intelligibility principle of language served as the theoretical foundation underlying this study guided by research questions addressing how well the CLA met ELLs' pronunciation intelligibility needs and their perspectives on receiving independent pronunciation instruction to meet these needs. Using qualitative case study methods, the research questions were addressed through an analysis of interviews of 10 community college ELL adult volunteers who received instruction using the CLA as current or former students in the intensive English program, had linguistic skill levels ranging from beginner to advanced, and were graduates of U.S. schools. A typological analysis model was followed where the data were organized by themes, patterns, and identified relationships. Participants reported wanting to improve their pronunciation and that their pronunciation had improved with the CLA instructional strategies. Although all participants desired to receive some independent instruction in pronunciation, their preferred instructional modes differed. It is recommended that ELLs' perspectives be heard and that English as a Second Language educators instruct with the CLA while also providing explicit pronunciation instruction. The results of this study indicating student satisfaction with the CLA may elicit positive social change within the ELL community by providing a voice to ELLs.

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Hamp-Lyons, E. M. "Testing second language writing in academic settings". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381167.

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Mpoche, Kizitus Nformi. "Anaphors in English and Limbum : acquisition of English as a second language". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614737.

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Wennerstrom, Ann K. "Discourse intonation and second language acquisition : three genre-based studies /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9493.

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Gordon, Leslie S. "Factors affecting English speakers' perception of L2 Spanish vowels". Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436442802/viewonline.

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Wood, David. "Formulaic language in speech fluency development in English as a second language". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29274.

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This thesis is an investigation of the role of formulaic language in second language (L2) speech fluency development, within a cognitive and information processing framework. Fluency has been studied and defined in terms of temporal variables of speech such as rate of speech, pause frequency and distribution, and the length of fluent runs between pauses. It has been suggested by several researchers that the key to fluency in spontaneous speech is mastery of a repertoire of formulaic language sequences, multiword strings processed mentally as single words (Schmidt, 1991; Towell, Hawkins, and Bazergui, 1996; Chambers, 1998). If formulaic sequences are automatized or stored and retrieved as wholes from long term memory so as to allow longer lexical units to be produced within the limits of controlled processing (McLaughlin, Rossman, and McLeod, 1983; Kahnemann and Treismann, 1984; DeKeyser, 2001) and short term memory (Anderson, 1983; Baddeley, 1988), then they may facilitate spontaneous speech under the constraints of real time. The present study was designed to examine whether this could be so. The study draws on a synthesis of research from three areas: fluency and its development in second language (L2) speech; formulaic language, multi-word lexical units which are stored and retrieved in long-term memory so as to be retrieved as wholes; social and cultural factors related to fluency development and formulaic language use, including first language and culture, voice, and identity. The research was interpreted in light of psycholinguistic knowledge about mental processes underlying L2 speech production, particularly the growing evidence that formulaic language sequences are fundamental to fluent language production as they allow production to occur despite the restrictions of controlled processing and the constraints of short term memory capacity. The hypotheses which frame the research centre around the idea that increased use of formulaic language units by learners over time facilitates the development of speech fluency as measured by temporal variables such as speech rate, pause phenomena, and the length of fluent runs occurring between pauses. Specifically, it was hypothesized that, with continued learning and experience, L2 speech would exhibit a faster rate of production, a greater proportion of production time spent speaking as opposed to pausing, longer runs between pauses, and that formulaic sequences would appear more frequently in the longer runs between pauses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Khojah, Aishah. "Saudi Second Language Learners’ Receptive and Productive Skills in English Figurative Language". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9828.

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This study compares English and Arabic figurative expressions linguistically and conceptually and investigates how Arabic-speaking learners of English comprehend and produce English figurative expressions. It argues that English figurative expressions that are linguistically and conceptually similar to Arabic (SFE) are easy while English figurative expressions that are linguistically and conceptually different from Arabic (DFE) are difficult. Also, English figurative expressions that are linguistically different but conceptually similar to Arabic (S-DFE) are of medium difficulty. A comparative analysis was used to develop a set of tasks to test 100 students’ receptive and productive skills in English figurative language. The data came from 832 items identified in two ESL textbooks used with first year students at King Abdul Aziz University. The results show that SFE is much easier than DFE. S-DFE showed variable results but students tended to find them difficult. However, some examples of SFE were found difficult and of DFE easy. These indicate that similarities or differences across languages do not always make it easy or difficult for learners to understand and produce L2 expressions. The results also show evidence of positive transfer mostly with SFE, and negative transfer with DFE and S-DFE. The findings lend further support to the contrastive analysis hypothesis; however, they also support the cognitive approach because they show the role of learners’ linguistic and conceptual knowledge in the comprehension and production of L2 expressions. The findings of this empirical study demonstrate the essential roles of cross-linguistic comparisons of English and Arabic figurative language on the linguistic and conceptual levels for exploring learners’ receptive and productive skills in English figurative language. The classification of figurative language as easy or difficult has some implications for the teaching of English figurative expressions.

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Hoffmann, Leatrice Neves. "An accelerative psycholinguistic aproach to second language acquisition applied to english language". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1990. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/157638.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T16:45:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 81455.pdf: 2415574 bytes, checksum: 199d8ba8fdc459f824c28982ea1ef387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1990
Trata de uma abordagem psicolingüística para o ensino/aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras. Através de estudos lingüísticos e teorias cognitivas, um modelo simplificado foi desenvolvido para acelerar a aquisição da língua inglesa através do ensino das estruturas verbais. Neste estudo o modelo foi testado através de dois experimentos, quando a eficiência acelerativa desta metodologia foi investigada e comparada à metodologia comunicativa. Os resultados favoreceram a abordagem psicolingüística em termos de eficiência de ensino os estudantes submetidos a metodologia psicolingüística obtiveram melhores resultados nos aspectos da competência lingüística testados.

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Risner, Kevin. "A First Language in Second Language Writing". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333732768.

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Nie, Junshan. "Teaching English as a second language, a phenomenological study". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/NQ54677.pdf.

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Groot, Ingeborg. "Note-taking in English as a second language acquisition". Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/770936.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe several aspects of English as a second language (ESL) note-taking in response to lectures. The objective of this study was to analyze note-taking production. In addition, the study had hoped to trace note-taking progress as it correlated with language proficiency progress, but due to circumstances beyond the control of the researcher this idea had to be abandoned. Instead, the study focused on the first six weeks of a learner's academic semester in the target language.The researcher observed twenty students in order to obtain insights into the note-taking production of low ESL students in response to lectures. The methods used were: class observation, notebook collection, a two-part questionnaire, and a follow-up questionnaire. It was found that in the first six weeks of academic study, this group of low ESL students had difficulty taking notes due, largely, to language proficiency problems, such as the rate of delivery. Other reasons why the students had difficulties taking notes included their lack of formal training in note-taking and the fact that they were not using special strategies and skills. Thus, all this study can say about note-taking in second language acquisition is that it is difficult for low ESL students.
Department of English

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Griswold, Olga V. "Becoming a U.S. citizen second language socialization in adult citizenship classrooms /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1417799071&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Urponen, Marja Inkeri. "Ultimate attainment in postpuberty second language acquisition". Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32846.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The study examined ultimate attainment m postpuberty second language acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis as an explanation for non-nativeness. A grammaticality judgment task acted as an assessment instrument; a subject was considered to be native-like if the individual's subtest score was greater than or equal to the mean ratings of 90% of the control group members. The native-like subtests were totaled into a nativeness score. The study consisted of 6 research questions and followup interviews with the highest scoring and lowest scoring subjects. As a methodological innovation, the selection of Finnish-born spouses of native English speakers (N=104) as subjects controlled background variables (amount and quality ofL2 exposure, amount ofL2 and Ll use, education and language learning); 80% had studied EFL. 55 subjects had age on arrival of 2:16 years and had lived in USA/Canada for 20-60 years. 88% of the control group (N=40) obtained the nativeness score 6 or 5. The grammaticality judgments of 38% of Finnish-born subjects were indistinguishable from the judgments of the control group and contradicted the Critical Period Hypothesis as an only explanation for native-like ultimate attainment. The findings also indicate that Age on Arrival and Age English as a Foreign Language Began are separate age of exposure measures. The best logistic regression model with 11 binary variables predicted nativelikeness with 76.9% accuracy; the significant predictors were Age English as a Foreign Language Began, US Education, and Length of Exposure, but not Age on Arrival. However, the youngest age on arrival group (12-15 years) outperformed all other subject groupings. Their performance did not decline with aging; the nativeness scores of other subjects declined as Age at Testing increased after the peak performance age. ANOV As for Age English as a Foreign Language Began, Length of Exposure, Total Years of Education, and Age at Testing were significant for the 104 and 55 subject groupings. The n-shaped relationship between the nativeness score and Length of Exposure explains their low correlation. Age at Testing impacted on ultimate attainment by confounding with education and other background variables (prior foreign language study, second language proficiency on arrival, multilingualism, etc.).
2031-01-01

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42

Kwok, Wing-ki Judy. "The relationship between students' self-monitoring and performance on oral tasks". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21160740.

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McGinnis, Amanda Marie. "The role of attention in second language development implications for language classrooms /". CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05312007-125934/.

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44

Partington, Ann. "Storage and retrieval of English words by Hong Kong Cantonese speakers of English". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308699.

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This thesis is concerned with the phonological representations of words used in lexical storage and retrieval, during speech perception by second language speakers. There is evidence of categorical perception of certain phonological features of words by native speakers of particular languages. This can be constrained by language- particular phonological properties, such as lexical tone, or by distinctions between certain types of consonant. If native language perceptual strategies were used in second language word retrieval, then this would mean there were differences in word storage for second language speakers. This would be reflected in differing patterns of word retrieval for second language speakers of a language with different phonological properties from their own. In order to test this possibility, Hong Kong Cantonese speakers with English as their second language were required to retrieve English words from their word store. Their native language is tonal, unlike English, and they have been found to perceive tones in their native language categorically. Subjects were presented aurally with English sentences which each contained a malapropism for the last word, and were asked to produce the correct word. The malapropisms were systematically varied in their phonological similarity to the target. The phonological variation was determined from evidence drawn from speech error analyses in production and from an analysis of a high frequency sample of words conducted as part of the thesis. Native speakers of English were used as controls in the experiments. Results showed similarities and differences in retrieval between the two groups of subjects. Both groups made use of a number of phonological properties in retrieval. The differences were associated with perceptual strategies involving a suprasegmental phonological property of English, that of lexical stress. Correct words could be retrieved by the Cantonese speakers when word stress was the only shared phonological property of error and target. Native speakers only made use of word stress when other phonological properties were shared by error and target. The use of a number of phonological properties by both sets of speakers during word retrieval is consistent with recent generative linguistic accounts of enriched phonological structure in phonological representations. It is possible that the mind takes account of such constituent structure during speech perception to disanibiguate phonetic stimuli. However, the phonological organisation of lexical representations may vary from one language to another, with information from the same sound signal being used differently by second language speakers of a given language from native speakers

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45

Huennekens, Mary Ellen. "ACCELERATING SECOND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS: A CROSS-LINGUISTIC STORYBOOK INTERVENTION". VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1899.

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Previous research documents the importance of maintaining the home language to the acquisition of a second language. This study examined the effects of a shared reading experience in the child’s home language on the emergent literacy and language acquisition in English of preschool-age English Language Learners (ELLs). Parents of Spanish-speaking four-year-old Head Start students read storybooks in Spanish with their children concurrently with the use of the English language version of the books in the classroom. A single subject design with multiple baselines across subjects and settings was applied. The researcher documented changes in the frequency of utterances, the Mean Length of Utterance-word (MLU-w), and the frequency of spontaneous or child-initiated utterances in various settings within the Head Start classroom. The Results indicated that there might be a relation between a shared reading experience in the home language and second language acquisition. Additionally, there appeared to be a relation between the behaviors and the settings.

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46

Zhang, Mingjian 1958. "Syntactic features of the English interlanguage of learners of English as a second language". Monash University, School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7730.

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Stack, James Dennis. "The development of English academic language proficiency by language minority students learning English as a Second Language in school settings". Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2841.

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The purpose of the study was to examine the growth of English academic language proficiency by language minority students who were learning English as a second language in an urban school setting. In light of Cummins' theory of language proficiency, the research investigated English development over a one year period in the areas of language most needed for academic success in school, reading and language. Growth in English academic language proficiency was examined across socioeconomic groups, language groups, years of instruction in the district, places of birth, and levels of oral language proficiency. The research sample included 4,663 students in two groups: a focus group of 2,460 students learning English as a second language in school, and a comparison group of 2,203 students from an English language background who had never received second language instruction. All the students were enrolled in grades 4 and 5 and had participated in districtwide standardized test administrations in Spring 1988 and Spring 1989. In addition to test results, information was collected pertaining to the following background characteristics: socioeconomic status, primary language background, length of time in the district, birthplace, and level of oral language proficiency. Statistical analysis with t-tests and Anovas indicated significant differences in CTBS Reading and Language gain scores favoring the second language learners compared to the national norm group and the non-second language learners. Although there was a narrowing of the achievement gap, it would take 5 to 7 years to close it at the observed rate. Among second language learners there were no differences in Reading and Language growth by socioeconomic status; all SES groups were narrowing the gap. There were differences in Reading and Language gains by years in the district; the students with fewer years were exhibiting the greater gains. In Reading growth there were no significant differences by language background, birthplace, or oral language proficiency; however, in Language growth there were differences. These differences were in the test area which is more dependent on formal schooling. It is recommended that emphasis be placed on reading and writing instruction and that students be given bilingual/ESL support for a longer period time.

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Callies, Marcus. "Information highlighting in advanced learner English : the syntax-pragmatics interface in second language acquisition /". Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789027254313.

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Mohammed-Ali, Ahmed Shakir. "Attitudes and motivation of Arabic-speaking students of science and technology in Wales towards English and their relationship to proficiency in English". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260168.

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Ntete, Susan. "Case studies of second language learners who excel at writing in English". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003310.

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This study, which was carried out in Mdantsane township in the Eastern Cape, attempts to explain why some learners from the former Department of Education and Training, and whose mother-tongue is Xhosa, are more proficient English Second Language (ESL) writers than others. As one who grew up as an ESL learner, and has taught as an ESL teacher in this area, my interest in this field of study has been triggered by the concern of one who has experienced educational disadvantage. My understanding of what it means to be an ESL writer, given the status that English enjoys in South Africa presently, has been the motivating force behind this study. The study focuses on competent ESL writers. It is hoped that other researchers, teacher educators and teachers will learn something from the practices and strategies used by the learners in this study. In its investigation this study employs case studies. For purposes of triangulation, multiple sources of data collection have been used. The major areas of focus are on the learners and their ESL writing practices. Collection of data includes formal interviews with both ESL learners and their teachers, informal interviews with the learners' Xhosa teachers, observation as well as text analysis. The findings of the study suggest, among other things, that more often than not, it is learners who are motivated extroverts, ambitious go-getters and uninhibited survivors who become excellent ESL writers. Like any study, this has certain limitations. As a result the interpretation of data has been expressed in tentative terms. This does not mean that there is nothing to be gained from a study of this nature. Instead, the aim is to challenge more researchers to take up this issue, so that generalis ability across case studies can be achieved.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „English as a Second Language”

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