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Mutch, Deborah. "INTEMPERATE NARRATIVES: TORY TIPPLERS, LIBERAL ABSTAINERS, AND VICTORIAN BRITISH SOCIALIST FICTION". Victorian Literature and Culture 36, nr 2 (wrzesień 2008): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150308080297.
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Attitudes toward the consumption of alcohol by the British working class had begun to shift during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, as the environment and working conditions were gradually recognised as being a major contributory factor in drunkenness. Friedrich Engels had raised the environmental issue in 1845 in The Conditions of the Working Class in England, arguing that cramped, uncomfortable living conditions and harsh working practices drove the worker to drink. Engels states of the worker, “His enfeebled frame, weakened by bad air and bad food, loudly demands some external stimulus; his social need can be gratified only in the public house, he has absolutely no other place where he can meet his friends. How can he be expected to resist the temptation?” (133). But the power of the temperance movement's focus on individual responsibility and self-help during the mid-nineteenth century meant Engels's focus was not widely accepted until the resurgence of socialism at the end of the century. By then resentment was rising within both the working class generally and the socialist movement against the imposition of abstinence, especially when the consumption of other classes remained steady. As Brian Harrison states, “it was now suspected that [the workers] were being hypocritically inculcated by self-interested capitalists,” (402) and British socialists were keen to promote this perspective.
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Chyrak, Iryna. "Robert Owen: businessman, economist-theorist and science fiction writer (to the 350th anniversary of his birth)". Herald of Economics, nr 2 (10.08.2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.02.176.
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Introduction. Robert Owen is a very prominent figure in the history of economic thought in England in the early XIX century. His talent was evident as an economist-theorist and in his organizational skills, which allowed Owen to make significant improvements in the textile industry.Purpose is to generalize the economic views of a prominent economist in conjunction with his experimental and reformist activities in production in order to create an «ideal labor community» that will improve the world of capitalism, provide high profits for entrepreneurs and prosperous lives of employees. Analyze the views of the scientist on the ways and means of creating a future society.Methods. The methodological basis of the study are such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, which were used to assess the views and recommendations of the scientist to improve existing social relations; historical method – to understand the causes and essence of the evolution of views on existing society and the importance of moral and educational education; positive and normative methods – to study the common and distinctive features in the views of the future social order of the representatives of utopian socialism.Results. A large number of works by R. Owen have been studied and it has been found that his social utopia and reformist activities were contradictory, his «projects» were mostly unrealistic, but same time had a significant impact on the labor and trade union movement in England and the development of economic thought. The scientist found that private property was the cause of many crimes and misfortunes. It was found that R. Owen had been focused on trying to make practical changes, develop specific proposals for the restructuring of society, improving working conditions and living conditions of workers. He saw the possibility of improving the living conditions of employees in the organization of community work, the effectiveness of which he tested during the famous experiment in New Lenark. According to R. Owen, a good society should be based on science and governed by simple and healthy principles of equality and justice.Discussion. The prospect of further research lies in a deeper and more detailed analysis of individual works of the famous economist, that will help to understand the logic of his way of thinking and give a more objective assessment of the contribution of R. Owen in the development of world economic thought.
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MAKEIEV, SERHII. "The concept of classes in early work of F. Engels". Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, Stmm. 2021 (4) (grudzień 2021): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2021.04.073.
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In 2020 the scientific community celebrated the 200th anniversary of the birth of Friedrich Engels with numerous publications, conferences, and meetings. But as if by tradition representatives of various social and humanitarian disciplines, including sociologists, were and remain to this day, surprisingly inattentive (or indifferent) to the concepts of classes and class analysis presented by the founder of Marxism in his first book «The Condition of the Working Class in England», published in 1845. Modern life writers of F. Engels usually rank the work as a genre of high-quality journalistic investigations, as an engaged political journalism, as the first publications on the problem of urbanization, and as one of the best examples of a fiction book about the life and customs of the Victorian era. The article substantiates its belonging to the social and humanitarian science in accordance with today’s ideas about the relevance of scientific research. A sociological explication and interpretation of the views on the formation, evolution and prospects for the participation of large groups of people in the process of transforming social orders are proposed. The first part presents the biographical context of Engels’ writing of his first major work, as well as some post-biographical facts about the memory of his stay in Manchester in connection with the living conditions of English workers. The second part lists those conceptual constructs that can be taken for the concept of classes.
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Clarke, Patricia. "The Queensland Shearers' Strikes in Rosa Praed's Fiction". Queensland Review 9, nr 1 (maj 2002): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002750.
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Novelist Rosa Praed's portrayal of colonial Queensland in her fiction was influenced by her social position as the daughter of a squatter and conservative Cabinet Minister, Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior, and limited by the fact that she lived in Australia for much less than one-third of her life. After she left Australia in 1876, she recharged her imagination, during her long novel-writing career in England, by seeking specific information through family letters and reminiscences, copies of Hansard and newspapers. As the decades went by and she remained in England, the social and political dynamics of colonial society changed. Remarkably, she remained able to tum sparse sources into in-depth portrayals of aspects of colonial life.
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Sharma, Ms Shikha. "Doris Lessing’s Science Fiction". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, nr 7 (27.07.2020): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i7.10673.
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Doris Lessing, the Nobel Laureate (1919-2007), a British novelist, poet, a writer of epic scope, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer. She was the “most fearless woman novelist in the world, unabashed ex-communist and uncompromising feminist”. Doris has earned the great reputation as a distinguished and outstanding writer. She raised local and private problems of England in post-war period with emphasis on man-woman relationship, feminist movement, welfare state, socio-economic and political ethos, population explosion, terrorism and social conflicts in her novels.
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Milosavljević, Ilija. "THE SOCIO-HISTORICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE SCIENCE FICTIONGENRE". PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 19, nr 2 (2021): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2021-19-2-131-147.
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The science fiction genre in all types of media is often neglected in the serious discussion of the scientific public. According to the established opinion, its origin is connected with the writings of Jules Verne and Herbert George Wells at the end of the19th century, and it is often not seriously analyzed from the perspective of social influence. However, the science fiction genre arisesas a response to the great social changes of industrialization and the development of new technologies, showing the possibilities of development ass well asthe new moral, psychological and social problems that accompanytechnological development. With the advent of film, and especially television,thegenregained in expressive power by dealing with some of the very complex and significant social problems of modern society through the prism of fiction
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Armstrong, Nancy. "History in the House of Culture: Social Disorder and Domestic Fiction in Early Victorian England". Poetics Today 7, nr 4 (1986): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1772933.
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Reiter, Barret. "A ‘Fiction of the Mind’: Imagination and Idolatry in Early Modern England". Past & Present 257, Supplement_16 (31.10.2022): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac034.
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Abstract This chapter examines the conceptualization of Catholic liturgical practices within the Protestant anti-Catholic polemics of early modern England. I argue that, insofar as Protestants typically glossed such practices as ‘idolatry’, and thus, as the worship of a false god, Protestants explicitly accused Catholics of falling victim to the deceptive tendencies of their imaginations. Hence, for English Protestants, Catholics were responsible for transforming the good news of the Gospel into a mere fiction of their own making. More than a mere rhetorical posture — though of course it was also that — it is here argued that Protestant anti-Catholic polemic encodes a more generalized anxiety about the role of imagination within religious, social and political life, and thus serves as a microcosm of larger-scale transformations within the intellectual and political discourse of early modern England. Most obviously, the emphasis on the imagination, in particular within Protestant polemics, indicates a new context into which traditional scholastic psychological categories were forced in order to accommodate confessional differentiation and the new political realities of a post-Reformation world. Thus, by understanding just what Protestant polemicists meant by fictions, we can open up deeper continuities across the intellectual and political discourse of the period.
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Akmal, Muhammad Shahbaz, Munawar Amin, Imtiaz Hussain Baloch i Anna Mariam. "Social Values in Muhammad Hameed Shahid’s Fiction: An Analytical Study". Journal of Languages, Culture and Civilization 5, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/jlcc.v5i2.178.
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Muhammad Hameed Shahid is a unique fiction writer. He looks at the common people of the society with the eyes of the heart. This article attempts to analyze his short stories in the perspective of social values. He has chosen a very simple and natural technique to reveal the social truth that he has decided to describe. The beauty of his fiction is that the reader feels himself a part or character of his fiction. His main attitude in his stories is to look into the depths of the individual is existence. He seems to search for the motives of human actions in the darkness of the unconscious. He has taken a tour of the human heart. The journey from outer to the inner can only be made by an observant fiction writer and he has portrayed emotions by harmonizing external condition with his internal conditions in such a way that his story feels like everyone’s story.
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Woolham, John, Caroline Norrie, Kritika Samsi i Jill Manthorpe. "The employment conditions of social care personal assistants in England". Journal of Adult Protection 21, nr 6 (28.11.2019): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-06-2019-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the employment conditions of social care personal assistants (PAs) in England. In England, disabled adults have been able to directly employ people to meet their care or support needs for a number of years, little is known about the employment conditions of people who are directly employed. Design/methodology/approach PAs were recruited mainly through third sector and user led organisations. A total of 105 social care PAs took part in a semi-structured telephone interview, which on average was an hour long. Interviews were fully transcribed. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS (v.24) and qualitative data by NVIVO software. Findings The paper focuses on employment conditions: contracts, pay, pensions, national insurance, overtime, holiday and sick pay, etc. Access to training and support are also described. Though PAs enjoyed considerable job satisfaction, many did not enjoy good employment conditions. Though employer abuse was uncommon, many PAs could arguably be described as exploited. Occupational isolation and lack of support to resolve disputes was striking. Research limitations/implications Though this may be currently the largest qualitative study of PAs in the UK, it is nonetheless relatively small and no claims for generalisability are made, though the geographical spread of the sample was wide and recruited from multiple sites. Practical implications PAs are an effective way of establishing relationship-based care, and confer direct control to disabled employers. Many PAs experienced high job satisfaction. However, lack of regulation and oversight creates considerable potential for exploitation or abuse. This may make the role less attractive to potential PAs in the medium term. Social implications Social care PAs may be a very effective means of achieving genuinely person-centred care or support for many people. However, PAs do not always appear to enjoy satisfactory conditions of employment and their role is largely unregulated. Growth and long-term sustainability of this emergent role may be jeopardised by these employment conditions. Originality/value Little is known about PA working conditions. This study suggests that much more needs to be done to improve these.
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Ball, Emily, Elaine Batty i John Flint. "Intensive Family Intervention and the Problem Figuration of ‘Troubled Families’". Social Policy and Society 15, nr 2 (17.09.2015): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746415000469.
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This article examines how intensive family interventions in England since 1997, including the Coalition government's Troubled Families programme, are situated in a contemporary problem figuration of ‘anti-social’ or ‘troubled’ families that frames and justifies the utilisation of different models of intensive family intervention. The article explores how techniques of classification and estimation, combined with the controversial use of ‘research’ evidence in policy making, are situated within a ‘rational fiction’ that constructs ‘anti-social’ families in particular ways. The article illustrates how this problem figuration has evolved during the New Labour and Coalition administrations in England, identifying their similarities and differences. It then presents findings from a study of intensive family intervention strategies and mechanisms in a large English city to illustrate how this national level discourse and policy framework relates to developing localised practice, and the tensions and ambiguities that arise.
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Hyvärinen, Matti. "Sameness, difference, or continuity?" Frontiers of Narrative Studies 5, nr 1 (2.07.2019): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fns-2019-0005.
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AbstractThree claims are advocated in this article. Firstly, the article suggests that there is no relevant “sameness approach,” which would advise reading fiction and non-fiction similarly. Secondly, it argues that both fiction and non-fiction exhibit multiple functions and cannot be reduced to the binary setting of informing or entertaining. Thirdly, it suggests that the continuity thesis does not imply sameness. By applying the fundamental logical distinction between necessary and sufficient conditions, one can accept major similarities between the resources of reading fiction and non-fiction without ever presuming their sameness. These claims are considered by first revisiting the histories of narratology and the narrative social research and then discussing M. A. K. Halliday’s systemic-functional language theory.
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Ogundipe, Stephen T. "Conceiving Neighbourhood in Northern Nigerian Fiction". Utafiti 13, nr 2 (18.03.2018): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-01302008.
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Representations of neighbourhood in contemporary Northern Nigerian fiction are a departure point for scholars exploring the structures and sources of ethnic and religious violence. Using Edify Yakusak’s After They Left and Elnathan John’s Born on a Tuesday, Slavoj Zizek's analysis of the concept of neighbour is applied here, to engage theoretically with Northern Nigerian social conditions. This framework illuminates the links existing between the everyday experience of neighbourhoods in real life, and their imaginative representations in the literary arts.
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ATTIA, Nesrine, i Kantaoui MOHAMED. "CONTEMPORARY CREATIVE FICTION WRITING SOCIAL AND HOMELAND ISSUES". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, nr 07 (1.09.2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.7-3.2.
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The narrative story has evolved from its precursor, when the old myths are shattered, in which the new novel has become a text with numerous cultural formats within its contents. Fragmentation and separation have been two of the most significant aspects of modern creative writing. In order to grasp the evolving reality, novelists must assume new creative forms in which the reader joins the realms of secrecy and marginalization. Those looking for the positions of the novelist critics will notice that contemporary writing has occupied a distinguished position due to the issues it raises regarding humanity and the homeland and pushing its readers to become conscious and understand what is lacking. The issues of the homeland have become thorny issues due to the imagination of the novelist and his intellectuality. It became more and more evident. The novel, with its transformation and development in content and structure, has become an autonomous literary genre that hides complex topics beyond the words. Its reader must search for distinct critical mechanisms to read it and decode its words. Hence, contemporary novelists did not write fictional texts arbitrarily. But, behind every text there was a significance and a human issue affecting the community whose conditions deteriorated socially and politically. From the above, we will try, in this research paper, to dig into the depth of the issue and reveal the features of the contemporary fictional text and its marginalization. Perhaps the most important question is: Did contemporary creative writing really contribute to educating societies? And revealed the issues that are absent and marginalized? Will the continuation of this type of writing change and solve the nation's crises? In order to answer these questions, we have to research contemporary creative writing and dive into the most important cultural, social, political and even ideological systems.
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BORSHEVSKAYA, ANASTASIA YU, i SVETLANA I. KARPOVA. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR FORMATION OF READER INTEREST IN FICTION AMONG OLDER PRESCHOOLERS". Psychological-Pedagogical Journal GAUDEAMUS 21, nr 1 (2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-231x-2022-21-1-66-77.
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The issue of reading interest formation among older preschoolers is relevant due to the general decline in reading culture in modern society, the underestimation of the fiction role by parents and the introduction of children to reading for their intellectual, social, artistic, aesthetic and psycho-emotional development. Parents stopped reading books to their children, using electronic audiovisual products as a means of children's knowledge of the world around them; as a result, modern preschoolers develop outside the context of book culture, which negatively affects their mental development. The aim of the study is to develop organizational and pedagogical conditions that ensure formation effectiveness of reader interest in fiction among older preschoolers based on the scientific sources analysis. Reader interest in senior preschool age is a dynamic personal formation, which manifests itself in the child's conscious and selective attitude in choosing the types and genres of works of fiction to meet cognitive and artistic and aesthetic needs. The effectiveness of the reader interest formation among 7-year-old children will be facilitated by the implementation of complex with organizational and pedagogical conditions in the preschool institution educational practice. The complex includes development of a model and program of pedagogical support for reader interest formation in fiction among older preschoolers, social partnership relations with a children's library, developing subject-spatial environment in the preschool group, enriched with didactic and subject material focused on the literary development of older preschoolers.
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Mahoney, Ian, i Tony Kearon. "Social Quality and Brexit in Stoke-on-Trent, England". International Journal of Social Quality 8, nr 1 (1.06.2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ijsq.2018.080102.
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In this article, we seek to provide a social quality–led analysis of some of the conditions that led to the UK population’s collective decision to leave the European Union in June 2016. We draw on interview data collected between 2010 and 2012 to argue that while not predictable, the seeds of the Brexit vote are well rooted in the conditions experienced by many of the working classes in Britain’s most deprived postindustrial communities. We argue that the ongoing decline in economic security, effective enfranchisement, social inclusion, and social empowerment have all had profound consequences for working-class communities and that the outcome of the Brexit vote was rooted, at least in part, in their subjective experiences and disenchantment forged in this ongoing decline.
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Vlasova, Ekaterina V., i Irina A. Tislenkova. "Means of simile actualization in the language of modern social groups in England". Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, nr 25 (2021): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-2-25-156-163.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the means of expressing simile in the speech of characters belonging to modern upper, middle and lower classes, based on the texts of contemporary English fiction: Caryl Churchill «Top Girls», Patrick Marber «Dealer’s Choice» and India Knight «Comfort and Joy». Conducting speech analysis, the authors use the sociolinguistic approach, allowing to take into account the social class of the speaker. The article demonstrates that the choice of different language means for conveying simile is dictated by such specific characteristics of the social layer to which communicants pertain as leading values, level of education, income, and the degree of freedom in expressing emotions. The article concludes that simile in speech of upper class representatives is expressed by neutral vocabulary to convey positive emotions and informal vocabulary to demonstrate hyperbolized negative evaluation, reflecting a critical and ironic evaluation of everyday events. Simile in the statements of middle class speakers is expressed in formal vocabulary, French words, rhymes, political terms, clichés, deformed phraseological units, which reflect the desire to imitate the upper classes, indicate modesty and self-doubt of the communicants. Simile in the judgments of lower-class Englishmen is conveyed by argotisms, helping to express an outburst of negative emotions, as well as by religious and literary allusions that are misused and contain an abundance of logical errors.
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Lester, Stan. "Creating conditions for sustainable degree apprenticeships in England". Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 10, nr 5 (7.07.2020): 701–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-04-2020-0062.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a study funded by the Edge Foundation, an independent educational charity, to investigate what is needed in order for English higher education to operate degree apprenticeships (DAs) on a sustainable basis.Design/methodology/approachThe study, conducted in 2019–2020, took the form of a literature review, semi-structured interviews with employers, institutional staff members and apprentices in three fields, and an open online survey.FindingsThis study illustrates a high level of support for DAs amongst those who are involved in them, whether as educators, employers or apprentices. Degree Apprenticeships aid public-sector recruitment, support progression routes and social mobility within the existing workforce, and contribute to recruitment and productivity in public services and economically critical industries. Practices in the organisation and delivery of apprenticeships are variable, but a clear need is illustrated for strong institution–employer partnerships, integration between on- and off-the-job learning, expansive workplace learning environments, and co-ordination of assessment and quality assurance. There is also a need for external bodies to provide a consistent policy and funding environment.Practical implicationsThe findings illustrate the need for strong partnerships, for programmes that are designed from the ground up as apprenticeships, and for effective integration of apprentices into the organisation's working environment.Originality/valueThis study updates and adds to the literature on DAs and work-integrated higher education. It emphasises three aspects that have hitherto been given little attention: the value of DAs for public-sector recruitment and for creating social mobility within the existing workforce, and the importance of ensuring apprenticeships are aligned with organisational objectives.
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Hasegawa, Masayo. "“Fact” versus “Fancy” among Victorian Professionals in Hard Times". Dickens Quarterly 40, nr 3 (wrzesień 2023): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dqt.2023.a904840.
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Abstract: Mid-19th-century England saw the expansion and growth of professionalism. Read in this context, Hard Times (1854) can be construed as a critique of both Victorian professionals in general and literary professionals in particular, specifically novelists. Thomas Gradgrind emerges as a representative of contemporary fact-oriented professionals, and fiction writers turn out to be their antithesis. The novel defines fiction writers as both agents of morality and informants of essential facts necessary to the social reform of Victorian society, while disqualifying other factualist professionals from such roles. These views imply that Dickens believed his profession had special merits and advantages compared to others. However, they also reflect his anxieties about the unstable and increasingly feminized condition of novelists; in other words, the threat to his own professional and masculine identity. In Hard Times , Dickens was attempting to enhance the respectability of his profession and legitimize its masculinity.
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Breton, Rob. "Women and Children First: Appropriated Fiction in the Ten Hours’ Advocate". Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 3, nr 2 (17.12.2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/fsmi1264.
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This article examines interclass strategies to bring about reform in mid-nineteenth century England. It specifically explores the way the Ten Hours’ Advocate, a paper written for the working classes, looked to present itself as a middle-class periodical in order to further the argument for factory reform. In reproducing fiction filched from middle-class periodicals, the Advocate performed its argument for the Factory Bill: that the Bill would ease social tensions, dissipate the Chartist or radical threat, and ensure a “return” to traditional gender roles. The appropriated fiction is mild, rather bland; the non-fictional argument for reform is direct and unapologetic. That the Advocate was opportunistic in the way it made the case for reform is an example of the advantages provided to reformers by the absence of strict copyright laws and by Victorian periodical culture in general. But it also contextualises the debate over the family-wage argument and the working-class role in hardening the Victorian sexual division of labour.
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Warde, Alan. "Conditions of Dependence". International Review of Social History 35, nr 1 (kwiecień 1990): 71–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900000972x.
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SUMMARYThis paper examines a town in northwest England and a particular set of conditions that inhibited the growth of working-class politics during the twentieth century. The paradox of class politics in Lancaster is that despite a proletarian population, the labour movement locally remained extremely weak. Ironically, it was only upon the deindustrialisation of the town in the later 1960s that labour showed any collective strength. Explanation of quiescence in terms of paternalism and deference is rejected. Rather an account is given in terms of powerlessness. Local structural conditions rendered Lancaster workers so highly dependent that resistance to political domination was precluded.
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Kennedy, Meegan. "TONO-BUNGAY AND BURROUGHS WELLCOME: BRANDING IMPERIAL POPULAR MEDICINE". Victorian Literature and Culture 45, nr 1 (13.02.2017): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150316000474.
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H. G. Wells's 1908 novel Tono-Bungay is a remarkable concoction, binding together characters and setting out of Dickens, sparkling imitations of fin-de-siécle commodity culture and new media, bitter social satire inflected by Wells's socialism, fascination with invention and flight, and murderous imperial adventure. Readers, though often seduced by the wit and precision of Wells's depiction of patent medicines and their advertisements, have not known whether to read the narrative as anti-Bildungsroman, Condition of England novel, science fiction, or imperial romance. It is no wonder that many critics have labeled this novel a failure.
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Berman, Anna A. "The Family Novel (and Its Curious Disappearance)". Comparative Literature 72, nr 1 (1.03.2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-7909939.
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Abstract What is a family novel? Russian literary scholars—who use the term frequently—claim that it is originally an English genre, yet in English scholarship the term has virtually disappeared. This article recovers the lost history of the family novel, tracing two separate strands: usage of the term and form/content of the novels. The genre began in England with Richardsonian domestic fiction and spread to Russia, where it evolved along different lines, shaped by the different social and political context. In England, the fate of the term turns out to be tied up with the fate of women writers in the nineteenth century, and then with the rise of feminist studies in the late twentieth that, in validating the importance of the domestic sphere, caused family novel to be superseded by domestic fiction. In Russia, by contrast, the great family novels of the nineteenth century were not associated with women or the domestic sphere, nor—as it turns out—were they considered to be family novels at the time they were written. Only in twentieth-century scholarship, as the original meaning of the term was lost, did they become family novels. In recovering the lost history of the term, this article illustrates the way later ideology and theoretical emphases that shape the language of scholarship ultimately reshape our understanding of the past.
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Setecka, Agnieszka. "“Gold … Was Certainly Very Attractive; But He Did Not Like New South Wales as a Country in Which to Live.” The Representation of Australian Society in Trollope’s John Caldigate". Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, nr 4 (20.12.2017): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0017.
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Abstract Australia features in numerous Victorian novels either as a place of exile or a land of new opportunities, perhaps the most memorable image of the country having been presented in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations (1861). Anthony Trollope’s writing, however, offers a much more extensive and complex presentation of Australian life as seen by a Victorian English gentleman. In his Australian fictions, including Harry Heathcote of Gangoil (1874), Catherine Carmichael (1878), and John Caldigate (1879), he presents Australia both as a land of new opportunities and as a place where social hierarchy as it is known in England is upturned and social boundaries either disregarded or drawn along different lines. The present article is concerned with the ways in which Trollope’s John Caldigate represents differences in the structure of English and Australian society, stressing the latter’s lack of a clear class hierarchy characteristic of social organisation “back home”. The society of Australia is presented as extremely plastic and mobile - both in terms of space and structure. Consequently, it can hardly be contained within a stiffly defined hierarchy, and it seems to defy the rules of social organisation that are accepted as natural and obvious in England. In Trollope’s fiction success in Australia depends to a large extent on hard work, ability to withstand the hardships of life with no luxuries, and thrift, and thus on personal virtues, but the author nevertheless suggests that it is defined solely by economic capital at the cost of cultural capital, so significant in England.
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Dudley, Michael. "Images of Psychiatry in Recent Australian and New Zealand Fiction". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, nr 4 (grudzień 1994): 574–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679409080781.
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Psychiatry is variously portrayed in Australian and New Zealand fiction. This paper describes mental health professionals, settings, conditions, treatments, and social themes essayed in 128 works by 103 authors, published between 1957 and 1992. The predominant images are negative or markedly ambivalent: possible reasons for this are discussed. The perception of psychiatry by the culture in which it is formed and located, as mediated by its creative artists, has important implications for psychiatrist's understanding and explication of their social role, and has an impact on patient's expectations and experiences of psychiatry.
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Mallan, Kerry, Clare Bradford i John Stephens. "New Social Orders: Reconceptualising Family and Community in Utopian Fiction". Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 15, nr 2 (1.07.2005): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2005vol15no2art1246.
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In lieu of abstract, here is the first paragraph of the article: The family is the cradle into which the future is born; it is the nursery in which the new social order is nourished and reared during its early and most plastic period. (Sidney Goldstein, Marriage and Family Living, 1946)1 When Goldstein conceived the metaphor of the American family as the cradle of the future he was writing at a specific historical moment, ‘one to which the stresses of war, the uncertainties of the ensuing peace, and the emerging relationship between ideologies of the family and American national identity together lent an unparalleled ambiguity and anxiety about family life’ (Levey 2001, p.125). Nearly 60 years on, the same conditions seem still to apply not only to the United States, but also to many other countries across the globe. The linking of family to the social well-being of a nation and its individual citizens is a familiar rhetoric employed by politicians, religious leaders, social commentators, and scholars, who rely on the interplay between an actual social unit and its metaphorical extensions to produce an illusion of ‘the truth’. In a similar way, the notion of a ‘new social order’ offers the utopian promise of a better life than that which current or past social orders have provided. Again the force of the metaphor resides in its capacity to appeal to both the intellect and the emotions.
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Al-zubi, Hasan. "The Genteel Realist James as a Pessimistic Naturalist in The Princess Casamassima". International Journal of Literature Studies 3, nr 1 (9.02.2023): 09–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijts.2023.3.1.2.
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This paper highlights James as a naturalistic pessimist in his late fiction and, more specifically, in his late novel The Princess Casamassima (1986). Although James was identified as a pioneer genteel idealistic realist in his early fiction, his mode of writing shifted in his late fiction to cope with the new environmental settings in Europe and post-civil war American conditions. This dynamic change in his writing modes renders James as an experimental writer responsive to the drastic social, economic and intellectual changes in the late nineteenth century. To fictionalize the historical changes that occurred in Europe, James inscribes in The Princess Casamassima the harsh reality of life as it is, without idealization and aestheticization. He fictionalizes Hyacinth as drawn into the secret world of revolutionary politics and projects him as helpless and determined by biological, social, political and environmental forces which he can neither understand nor control. In dealing with themes of the lower order of society, violence, suicide, revolutionary politics, as well as social contrasts and environmental determinism not attempted at all in his early fiction, we witness in The Princess Casamassima a new naturalistic pessimist James. Delineating Hyacinth as strikingly determined, immersed in grim settings, together with being victimized by fate, the paper concludes, renders James a typical naturalist.
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Best, Robert, i George Khushf. "The Social Conditions for Nanomedicine: Disruption, Systems, and Lock-In". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, nr 4 (2006): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00093.x.
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Many believe that nanotechnology will be disruptive to our society. Presumably, this means that some people and even whole industries will be undermined by technological developments that nanoscience makes possible. This, in turn, implies that we should anticipate potential workforce disruptions, mitigate in advance social problems likely to arise, and work to fairly distribute the future benefits of nanotechnology. This general, somewhat vague sense of disruption, is very difficult to specify – what will it entail? And how can we responsibly anticipate and mitigate any problems? We can't even clearly state what the problems are anticipated to be. In fact, when we move from sweeping policy statements to more concrete accounts, nanotechnology seems to bifurcate into two divergent streams: one is fairly continuous with current developments, extending extant science in a quantitative way; the other is radically new, and includes science fiction-like dreams of molecular manufacturing and assemblers, with their utopian (or dystopian) scenarios of absolute plenty (or runaway self-replication). In these cases, “disruption” takes on the valence of Huxley's brave new world.
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Cornum, Lou. "Seizing the Alterity of Futures". History of the Present 13, nr 2 (1.10.2023): 166–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21599785-10630116.
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Abstract This article contextualizes growing interest in futurity and minoritarian futures as connected to movements in speculative fiction, particularly Afrofuturism and Indigenous futurism, and the ways in which this genre reimagines both history and futures. These developments are read through two groundbreaking anthologies—Dark Matter, a collection of speculative fiction from the African diaspora, and Walking the Clouds, a collection of Indigenous science fiction—and the social conditions of their publication. Using the work of Walter Benjamin and his writing against the notion of progress in history, the article posits the shared grounds for a philosophy of history that disrupts the singular future of speculation-driven capitalism with alternative forms of speculative imagination.
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Bentham, Graham. "Public Satisfaction and Social, Economic and Environmental Conditions in the Counties of England". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 11, nr 1 (1986): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622068.
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Kucała, Bożena. "The Uses of Formulaic Language in Graham Swift’s England and Other Stories". American, British and Canadian Studies 33, nr 1 (1.12.2019): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2019-0018.
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Abstract This article argues that in his collection of short stories England and Other Stories (2014), as in most of his fiction, Graham Swift is preoccupied with the limits of language, with what remains unsaid or is poorly communicated. In this volume, the writer’s focus on private, domestic and ordinary lives corresponds to his representation of the language of everyday interaction as essentially non-creative and formulaic. Swift’s deliberately clichéd language reflects what, as contemporary studies of discourse reveal, is a standard mode of social interaction. For example, Roberta Corrigan et al. affirm that linguistic formulae should be considered as yet another manifestation of behavioural routines (xxiii-xxiv), while Alison Wray claims that the reliance on formulaic language “predominates in normal language processing” (Formulaic Language 101). A range of uses of formulaic language is analysed in selected stories from the collection. It is demonstrated that, typically, characters choose prefabricated language for the paradoxical purpose of establishing and maintaining a degree of contact with others while avoiding in-depth interaction.
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Janmaat. "The Development of Generalized Trust among Young People in England". Social Sciences 8, nr 11 (25.10.2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8110299.
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This paper explores how generalized trust develops over the life course among young people in England and whether trust is influenced more by family background factors or by conditions in late adolescence and early adulthood. If the latter are important, there may be reason for concern about falling levels of trust as material conditions, particularly regarding housing, have deteriorated for the present generation of young people. The first set of influences are highlighted by a perspective arguing that trust is primarily shaped by conditions in early childhood, while the latter are suggested by the so-called social learning perspective, which claims that people continuously adjust their social trust through interactions with people in different contexts. Analyzing data of the Citizenship Education Longitudinal Survey, the study finds that trust remains quite volatile until the early twenties. It declines between ages 16 and 23 and groups differing in educational attainment, civic participation and housing situation start to drift apart in their levels of trust between these ages. Educational attainment, civic participation and housing, as conditions pertaining to late adolescence and early adulthood, also turn out to have a significant impact on trust at age 23 controlling for trust at age 16. However, while the first two conditions are influenced by trust at age 16, housing (tenure) is not, indicating it is a more exogenous factor. Family background factors are not influential. Not only do these findings support the social learning perspective, they also suggest that poor living conditions depress trust among a significant minority of young people and exacerbate disparities of trust.
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Jones, Todd. "Can We Learn about Real Social Worlds from Fictional Ones?" International Journal of Applied Philosophy 33, nr 2 (2019): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap2020228128.
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It is very common for social scientists to be asked whether their findings about human nature could also be learned from reading great works of literature. Literature teachers frequently assign readings partly to teach people important truths about the world. But it is unclear how looking at a work of fiction can tell us about the real world at all. In this paper I carefully examine questions about the conditions under which the fictional world can teach us about the real world.
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Galván-Díaz, Félix Joaquín. "Fiction in Pain: Mourning and Melancholia in Borges’s Emma Zunz and El Aleph". Catedral Tomada. Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana 11, nr 20 (26.07.2023): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2023.592.
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In this article, I analyze the representation of mourning and melancholia in Jorge Luis Borges’s “Emma Zunz” and “El Aleph.” First, I propose a reconceptualization of mourning and melancholia. Starting from Freud’s premises, I rethink both concepts to argue that mourning is a social activity anchored on social frames and that melancholia comes from the impossibility of the social frame of mourning to carry and signify a loss. Then, I discuss how the short stories represent mourning processes that, in both cases, are difficult to achieve since the social conditions do not allow the mourner to grieve.
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Charles, Nicolas. "Are Income Contingent Loans for Students Importable into France ?" Revue française de sociologie (English) Vol. 53, nr 2 (5.12.2012): 210–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfsen.532.0210.
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French students often have difficulty paying for their education, the real cost of which greatly exceeds tuition fees alone. A comparative analysis of student funding in France, England and Sweden indicates that income contingent loan (ICL) systems are relatively efficient and equitable. It would, therefore, seem socially just and legitimate to import such systems into France. However, in addition to the question of how to integrate an arrangement of this sort into the French student funding system, the equity of such arrangements depends on a set of specific social conditions, conditions that are found in England and Sweden. Taking into account these conditions, analysis of two simulations of “French-style ICLs” reveals that adapting the arrangements to the French social context would be at the cost of uncertainty as to the impact on social inequalities.
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Kramer, Matthew H. "The Missing Terms of the Hobbesian Social Contract". Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 7, nr 2 (lipiec 1994): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s084182090000271x.
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Analyses of the social contract described by Thomas Hobbes have proceeded in three major directions. First, some readers naturally have felt that Hobbes viewed the primal charter as a genuine outcome of events which truly occurred. Other exegetes have contended that the story of the formation of the social contract was a deliberate fiction—either an artful narrative designed to elicit orderliness, or a heuristic model designed to spark hypothetical reasoning about what would have occurred in a primeval context with specified conditions. Still other analysts affirm that Hobbes used the tale of the social contract as a warning against the evils that plague a society which descends into civil strife.
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Gouanvic, Jean-Marc. "La traduction et le devenir social : le cas de l’irruption de la science-fiction américaine en France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale". TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 7, nr 1 (27.02.2007): 117–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037171ar.
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Résumé La traduction et le devenir social: le cas de l'irruption de la science-fiction américaine en France après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. À partir de la théorie de Pierre Bourdieu (concepts de champ, de capital et de biens symboliques, d'habitus et d'ïllusio), cette étude propose une sociologie de la traduction appliquée à l'importation de la science-fiction américaine en France dans les années 1950. C'est d'un « nouveau genre littéraire » d'origine américaine que Boris Vian, Raymond Queneau et Michel Pilotin se font les initiateurs dans l'espace socio-culturel français. Or, si les textes de SF des auteurs américains sont traduits massivement dans la culture française de l'époque, cette traduction n'a lieu que moyennant l'importation des structures institutionnelles américaines autonomes (en particulier des magazines et des collections spécialisées) qui ont émergées à la fin des années 1920 et à la naturalisation du modèle subculturel américain qui aboutissent à la constitution d'un champ de science-fiction autonome dans l'espace culturel français. Dès lors, la question traductologique essentielle que pose l'importation de la science-fiction américaine en France est la suivante. Lorsqu'un type de texte (ou un genre) prend corps dans un groupe social d'un espace culturel (source) et qu'il est traduit dans un autre espace culturel, par quel groupe social ce type de texte ou ce genre est-il reçu dans l'espace culturel cible? L'auteur fait l'hypothèse que la translation (au sens mathématique du terme) de la science-fiction américaine (textes et structures institutionnelles) réussit parce que, d'une part, il existe en France une ou des catégories sociales qui sont les homologues de la petite bourgeoisie américaine technophile des années 1920 et parce que, d'autre part, il existe une adhésion plus ou moins consciente à l'American way of life comme le modèle de société qui s'impose comme allant de soi dans de larges pans de l'espace social français de l'après-guerre. Dans ces conditions, la traduction contribue à renforcer le modèle américain dans sa prétention à l'universalité, quelles qu'aient été à l'origine les vertus de changement social que les agents d'implantation Vian, Queneau et Pilotin avaient reconnues dans la science-fiction et sur lesquelles ils s'appuyaient pour la présenter comme un « genre nouveau ».
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Gareau, Brian J., Xiaorui Huang i Tara Pisani Gareau. "Social and ecological conditions of cranberry production and climate change attitudes in New England". PLOS ONE 13, nr 12 (12.12.2018): e0207237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207237.
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Ohagwam, Uchenna, i Ndubuisi Ogbuagu. "Helon Habila and the Trauma of Disposable People in Oil on Water". American Journal of Literature Studies 2, nr 1 (14.04.2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajls.1418.
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Trauma studies is no doubt a burgeoning area of discourse that has captured the literary imagination of academic scholars for a few decades running. This study examined the complex relationship between socio-cultural influences and intimate personal relations portrayed in a trauma fiction as Helon Habila’s Oil on Water. Specifically, how does these depictions in Habila’s fiction direct the awareness of the catastrophic effects of war, poverty, hostage taking, domestic abuse on the individual psyche? How do traumatised people respond? To what extent can one theorize trauma studies and ecocritical studies? How traumatized is the physical landscape portrayed in Habila’s fiction? The study concludes by insisting that government of nations and relevant international organisations, owe the people the responsibility of intentionally committing to rearticulating and rehabilitating the social conditions, voices; indeed, the lives of marginalized people.
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WEST, ANNE, AGNES BLOME i JANE LEWIS. "What characteristics of funding, provision and regulation are associated with effective social investment in ECEC in England, France and Germany?" Journal of Social Policy 49, nr 4 (29.07.2019): 681–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000631.
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AbstractEarly childhood education and care (ECEC) is seen as a crucial element of the social investment state. Whilst the extent of social investment in ECEC depends on financial expenditure, its effectiveness depends on certain conditions being met: namely, affordable, high quality provision being available. We explore policy development and the role played by government in the funding, provision and regulation of ECEC in England, France and Germany and then compare availability, affordability and quality. We argue that for children aged three and over, social investment can be deemed to be broadly effective in France and Germany, but in England quality is compromised by low staff qualification levels in private childcare centres. For children under three, effective social investment is elusive in all countries, although as a result of different conditions not being met. Our findings lead us to question the limitations of the concept of social investment in ECEC, particularly in marketised contexts.
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Ivan, Alexandra. "Modern-day periodicals: Fan-fiction and the platforms where they are hosted". Reci Beograd 15, nr 16 (2023): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/reci2316191i.
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Fan-fiction has a decades-long history of existence, with its debut preceding the invention of the internet. However, nowadays, fan-fiction in the form of writing has moved almost exclusively to designated platforms for hosting fanfiction as well as social media, where the terms and conditions permit it. The present paper aims to analyse the social media sites where fan-fiction creations were or are currently hosted within their selected communities and the ways in which the platforms are influencing the form of the text themselves. Wattpad, and AO3, as fanfiction hosting platforms, as well LiveJournal, Tumblr, and Twitter have been used as places to disseminate fan-fictional content, be it images or in textual form. The analysis will include the requirements of the content creators with regards to the platform prerequisites for publishing new content, as well as the limitations of the platforms and the effect they have on the fan-fiction itself, from shortened tags for ship names all the way to its structure. The paper aims to be a brief cataloguing of aspects of each platform in itself as well as the "unspoken rules" devised by individual fandoms for the purpose of making the content more accessible to readers and also to abide by the requirement for content warnings and tags with respect to the matters contained within the creation.
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Abbas, Abbas. "The Racist Fact against American-Indians in Steinbeck’s The Pearl". ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 3, nr 3 (25.09.2020): 376–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v3i3.11347.
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the social conditions of Indians as Native Americans for the treatment of white people who are immigrants from Europe in America. This research explores aspects of the reality of Indian relations with European immigrants in America that have an impact on discriminatory actions against Indians in John Steinbeck's novel The Pearl. Social facts are traced through fiction as part of the genetics of literary works. The research method used is genetic structuralism, a literary research method that traces the origin of the author's imagination in his fiction. The imagination is considered a social reality that reflects events in people's lives. The research data consist of primary data in the form of literary works, and secondary data are some references that document the background of the author's life and social reality. The results of this research indicate that racist acts as part of American social facts are documented in literary works. The situation of poor Indians and displaced people in slums is a social fact witnessed by John Steinbeck as the author of the novel The Pearl through an Indian fictional character named Kino. Racism is an act of white sentiment that discriminates against Native Americans, namely the Indian community.
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Tuğlu Atamer, Begüm. "Abstract Machines in J. G. Ballard’s "High-rise"". Journal of English Studies 21 (20.12.2023): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.5552.
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This article sets out to explore how J. G. Ballard’s High-Rise (1975) can be read through Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of rhizome, abstract machines and schizophrenia. The social structure of the Seventies in England, High-Rise as a building and High Rise as a novel are connected to one another to portray a rhizome that manifests a dystopian answer to the inquiry of human nature. High-Rise can be studied as an abstract machine since it is a machine of fiction through which the readers question the meaning of humanity. High-Rise, the building, is also an abstract machine in itself since it operates as a means to reveal the constant process of becoming under late capitalism. Therefore, this article aims to reveal the Deleuze-Guattarian dynamics in High-Rise in relation to High-Rise, the building, by focusing on the social elements that expose the schizophrenic aspects of late capitalism.
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Basu, Manisha. "Thick as Thieves: Mothers, Gypsies, & Criminals in Enola Holmes’ Victorian England". Victoriographies 14, nr 1 (marzec 2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2024.0515.
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In her 2006 Young Adult novel, The Case of the Missing Marquess, Nancy Springer narrativises Enola Holmes as Sherlock Holmes’ intrepid and extraordinarily intelligent sister, a young woman with the ability to challenge even that great detective's iconic deductive abilities. I suggest that this overtly feminist impulse in rewriting the Victorian world of Conan Doyle is supplemented in Springer's novel with a nod toward the politics of intersectionality which attends to the ways in which gendered, class-based, and racialised identities become relational in an axiomatics of capitalist-colonialism. Particularly in conversation with Conan Doyle's 1892 short story, ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’, Springer's narrative takes a meta-critical neo-Victorian stance in encouraging its young audience to do three important things: first, mine the subtext of Conan Doyle's detective fiction for the broad anxieties it points to in imperial Victorian culture; second, probe the conditions of colonial commerce under which identities based in gender, race, and class differentials intersect with one another; and third, ask how to develop a decolonial praxis that in exposing such intersections, can avoid isolationist critical proclivities, and embrace instead a transnational and comparative sensibility of reading that is alive to at once specific and interrelated disempowerments.
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ÖZTEKİN, Sercan. "Wilkie Collins’in The Woman in White ve No Name Adlı Eserlerinde Gayrimeşruluk ve Yasalar". Cankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Special Issue: Wilkie Collins (28.01.2024): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47777/cankujhss.1418501.
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Victorian sensation novels, in addition to their scandalous topics such as fraud, murder, adultery, bigamy, and madness, refer to Victorian laws and their construction by social and cultural standards. As a significant sensation novelist, one of the most important subjects Wilkie Collins calls for attention is illegitimacy, a social, political, and literary topic he recurrently employs in his fiction. In his novels The Woman in White (1860) and No Name (1862), he dwells on this issue, motivating the characters’ crimes and scandalous acts. In both novels, illegitimate characters act illegally to reconstruct their identities by challenging Victorian norms especially about illegitimacy. Concerning his life and his critique of Victorian laws and moral certitudes, this paper explores how Wilkie Collins employs and questions the theme of illegitimacy about crime, sensations, and social and legal problems that influence illegitimate children. After briefly examining illegitimacy and laws about it in Victorian England, it explores how the concept of illegitimacy is shaped and influenced by Victorian conventions and gender ideologies in the two novels.
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HOFÄCKER, DIRK, HEIKE SCHRÖDER, YUXIN LI i MATTHEW FLYNN. "Trends and Determinants of Work-Retirement Transitions under Changing Institutional Conditions: Germany, England and Japan compared". Journal of Social Policy 45, nr 1 (14.09.2015): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727941500046x.
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AbstractMany governments world-wide are promoting longer working life due to the social and economic repercussions of demographic change. However, not all workers are equally able to extend their employment careers. Thus, while national policies raise the overall level of labour market participation, they might create new social and labour market inequalities. This paper explores how institutional differences in the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan affect individual retirement decisions on the aggregate level, and variations in individuals’ degree of choice within and across countries. We investigate which groups of workers are disproportionately at risk of being ‘pushed’ out of employment, and how such inequalities have changed over time. We use comparable national longitudinal survey datasets focusing on the older population in England, Germany and Japan. Results point to cross-national differences in retirement transitions. Retirement transitions in Germany have occurred at an earlier age than in England and Japan. In Japan, the incidence of involuntary retirement is the lowest, reflecting an institutional context prescribing that employers provide employment until pension age, while Germany and England display substantial proportions of involuntary exits triggered by organisational-level redundancies, persistent early retirement plans or individual ill-health.
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Leonova, T. A., i I. A. Shuteleva. "The Catholic Clergy of England in the Conditions of Plague Epidemics during the 14th–15th Centuries". Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 164, nr 3 (2022): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2022.3.147-160.
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This article discusses the social role played by the clergy and the Catholic Church in England during the plague epidemics of the late Middle Ages. The commonly held viewpoints of modern medieval researchers on assessing the phenomenon and consequences of plague epidemics in Europe are presented. It is shown that the population of the parishes of England, including the parish clergy, is the least studied social sphere of that period. The contemporaries perceived the events of the epidemic through a system of symbols that denoted the inevitability of a catastrophe for nature and society. The possible influence of the ideas about the alien in the liquidation of foreign monasteries, traditionally seen as resulting from the anti-papal sentiments in England, is considered using an interdisciplinary approach. The results obtained reveal that any astrological explanations for the plague were categorically denied in the highest echelons of church power. The ethical context of the disasters that befell was widely approved. Hence, the Church tried to morally improve the society to counteract the plague. The conclusion is made that the repeated plague epidemics caused substantial changes in the demographics of the late medieval population, including the parish clergy, which is evidenced by the reduction of at least 500 parishes in England. Based on the ethical explanation of the epidemics nature, the Catholic Church considered charity an important factor in rallying society and resisting the plague.
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Burcar, Lilijana. "Old Aesthetics, New Ethics". Acta Neophilologica 56, nr 1-2 (8.12.2023): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.56.1-2.91-106.
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The depiction of the class struggle features prominently in the American canon of the first half of the 20th century. However, the emphasis has been almost exclusively on prose fiction to the exclusion of the works of poets such as Claude McKay, one of the central figures of the early Harlem Renaissance and the leading figure among socially engaged English-speaking poets at the time. The article redresses this imbalance by drawing attention to McKay’s socially engaged sonnets, which helped to expand the horizons and culturally empower the exploited poor in America (and by extension the proletariat in England) to resist and overcome racist ideology in their common struggle for universal social justice. McKay makes use of a traditional, highly aestheticized sonnet form, while giving it a new ethical premise and fresh impetus.
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Essau, Cecilia A., Satoko Sasagawa, Junwen Chen i Yuji Sakano. "Taijin Kyofusho and Social Phobia Symptoms in Young Adults in England and in Japan". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43, nr 2 (15.12.2010): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022110386372.
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The main aims of the present study were to compare the frequency of social phobia and taijin kyofusho symptoms among young adults in Japan and in England and to examine the role of family environment in the development of these two conditions. A total of 927 young adults (462 in England and 465 in Japan) between the ages of 19 and 24 were investigated. They completed a set of questionnaires that were used to measure social phobia and taijin kyofusho symptoms, as well as family background. Results showed that young adults in Japan reported significantly higher levels of taijin kyofusho and social phobia symptoms than young adults in England. Family sociability had a consistent effect on both social phobia and taijin kyofusho symptoms across the two cultures, but parental rearing attitudes showed distinct patterns between the two countries. This finding suggests that cross-cultural models need to consider familial factors that may be predictive across cultures and others that may be more culturally specific.
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Ingle, Hrishikesh. "Film festivals and the mediations of locality". Studies in South Asian Film & Media 10, nr 1 (1.10.2019): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/safm_00005_1.
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Abstract This article elaborates on the discursive role and mediations of local contexts in non-fiction film festivals that are organised in small-town settings in India. It argues that apart from the ideological imperative of forging an alternative discourse, local film festivals that are focused on non-fiction films and documentary cinema are also instrumental in producing an exuberant spatiality for re-articulating resistance as a function of filmmaking. Although this corresponds with the practices of Third Cinema of the 1970s, the temporality of the 2000s has provided a newfound relevance for locality, and its social spatial dimensions. The article develops this argument by undertaking a detailed case analysis of the Ankur Film Festival, conducted in Nashik since 2012. Identifying the numerous negotiations embedded in the trajectory of the film festival, the article also conceptualises a festival mode of cinema for contemporary social conditions.