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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "England – Social conditions – Fiction"
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Mutch, Deborah. "INTEMPERATE NARRATIVES: TORY TIPPLERS, LIBERAL ABSTAINERS, AND VICTORIAN BRITISH SOCIALIST FICTION". Victorian Literature and Culture 36, nr 2 (wrzesień 2008): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150308080297.
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Attitudes toward the consumption of alcohol by the British working class had begun to shift during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, as the environment and working conditions were gradually recognised as being a major contributory factor in drunkenness. Friedrich Engels had raised the environmental issue in 1845 in The Conditions of the Working Class in England, arguing that cramped, uncomfortable living conditions and harsh working practices drove the worker to drink. Engels states of the worker, “His enfeebled frame, weakened by bad air and bad food, loudly demands some external stimulus; his social need can be gratified only in the public house, he has absolutely no other place where he can meet his friends. How can he be expected to resist the temptation?” (133). But the power of the temperance movement's focus on individual responsibility and self-help during the mid-nineteenth century meant Engels's focus was not widely accepted until the resurgence of socialism at the end of the century. By then resentment was rising within both the working class generally and the socialist movement against the imposition of abstinence, especially when the consumption of other classes remained steady. As Brian Harrison states, “it was now suspected that [the workers] were being hypocritically inculcated by self-interested capitalists,” (402) and British socialists were keen to promote this perspective.
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Chyrak, Iryna. "Robert Owen: businessman, economist-theorist and science fiction writer (to the 350th anniversary of his birth)". Herald of Economics, nr 2 (10.08.2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.02.176.
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Introduction. Robert Owen is a very prominent figure in the history of economic thought in England in the early XIX century. His talent was evident as an economist-theorist and in his organizational skills, which allowed Owen to make significant improvements in the textile industry.Purpose is to generalize the economic views of a prominent economist in conjunction with his experimental and reformist activities in production in order to create an «ideal labor community» that will improve the world of capitalism, provide high profits for entrepreneurs and prosperous lives of employees. Analyze the views of the scientist on the ways and means of creating a future society.Methods. The methodological basis of the study are such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, which were used to assess the views and recommendations of the scientist to improve existing social relations; historical method – to understand the causes and essence of the evolution of views on existing society and the importance of moral and educational education; positive and normative methods – to study the common and distinctive features in the views of the future social order of the representatives of utopian socialism.Results. A large number of works by R. Owen have been studied and it has been found that his social utopia and reformist activities were contradictory, his «projects» were mostly unrealistic, but same time had a significant impact on the labor and trade union movement in England and the development of economic thought. The scientist found that private property was the cause of many crimes and misfortunes. It was found that R. Owen had been focused on trying to make practical changes, develop specific proposals for the restructuring of society, improving working conditions and living conditions of workers. He saw the possibility of improving the living conditions of employees in the organization of community work, the effectiveness of which he tested during the famous experiment in New Lenark. According to R. Owen, a good society should be based on science and governed by simple and healthy principles of equality and justice.Discussion. The prospect of further research lies in a deeper and more detailed analysis of individual works of the famous economist, that will help to understand the logic of his way of thinking and give a more objective assessment of the contribution of R. Owen in the development of world economic thought.
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MAKEIEV, SERHII. "The concept of classes in early work of F. Engels". Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, Stmm. 2021 (4) (grudzień 2021): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2021.04.073.
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In 2020 the scientific community celebrated the 200th anniversary of the birth of Friedrich Engels with numerous publications, conferences, and meetings. But as if by tradition representatives of various social and humanitarian disciplines, including sociologists, were and remain to this day, surprisingly inattentive (or indifferent) to the concepts of classes and class analysis presented by the founder of Marxism in his first book «The Condition of the Working Class in England», published in 1845. Modern life writers of F. Engels usually rank the work as a genre of high-quality journalistic investigations, as an engaged political journalism, as the first publications on the problem of urbanization, and as one of the best examples of a fiction book about the life and customs of the Victorian era. The article substantiates its belonging to the social and humanitarian science in accordance with today’s ideas about the relevance of scientific research. A sociological explication and interpretation of the views on the formation, evolution and prospects for the participation of large groups of people in the process of transforming social orders are proposed. The first part presents the biographical context of Engels’ writing of his first major work, as well as some post-biographical facts about the memory of his stay in Manchester in connection with the living conditions of English workers. The second part lists those conceptual constructs that can be taken for the concept of classes.
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Clarke, Patricia. "The Queensland Shearers' Strikes in Rosa Praed's Fiction". Queensland Review 9, nr 1 (maj 2002): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002750.
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Novelist Rosa Praed's portrayal of colonial Queensland in her fiction was influenced by her social position as the daughter of a squatter and conservative Cabinet Minister, Thomas Lodge Murray-Prior, and limited by the fact that she lived in Australia for much less than one-third of her life. After she left Australia in 1876, she recharged her imagination, during her long novel-writing career in England, by seeking specific information through family letters and reminiscences, copies of Hansard and newspapers. As the decades went by and she remained in England, the social and political dynamics of colonial society changed. Remarkably, she remained able to tum sparse sources into in-depth portrayals of aspects of colonial life.
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Sharma, Ms Shikha. "Doris Lessing’s Science Fiction". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, nr 7 (27.07.2020): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i7.10673.
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Doris Lessing, the Nobel Laureate (1919-2007), a British novelist, poet, a writer of epic scope, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer. She was the “most fearless woman novelist in the world, unabashed ex-communist and uncompromising feminist”. Doris has earned the great reputation as a distinguished and outstanding writer. She raised local and private problems of England in post-war period with emphasis on man-woman relationship, feminist movement, welfare state, socio-economic and political ethos, population explosion, terrorism and social conflicts in her novels.
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Milosavljević, Ilija. "THE SOCIO-HISTORICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE SCIENCE FICTIONGENRE". PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 19, nr 2 (2021): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2021-19-2-131-147.
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The science fiction genre in all types of media is often neglected in the serious discussion of the scientific public. According to the established opinion, its origin is connected with the writings of Jules Verne and Herbert George Wells at the end of the19th century, and it is often not seriously analyzed from the perspective of social influence. However, the science fiction genre arisesas a response to the great social changes of industrialization and the development of new technologies, showing the possibilities of development ass well asthe new moral, psychological and social problems that accompanytechnological development. With the advent of film, and especially television,thegenregained in expressive power by dealing with some of the very complex and significant social problems of modern society through the prism of fiction
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Armstrong, Nancy. "History in the House of Culture: Social Disorder and Domestic Fiction in Early Victorian England". Poetics Today 7, nr 4 (1986): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1772933.
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Reiter, Barret. "A ‘Fiction of the Mind’: Imagination and Idolatry in Early Modern England". Past & Present 257, Supplement_16 (31.10.2022): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtac034.
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Abstract This chapter examines the conceptualization of Catholic liturgical practices within the Protestant anti-Catholic polemics of early modern England. I argue that, insofar as Protestants typically glossed such practices as ‘idolatry’, and thus, as the worship of a false god, Protestants explicitly accused Catholics of falling victim to the deceptive tendencies of their imaginations. Hence, for English Protestants, Catholics were responsible for transforming the good news of the Gospel into a mere fiction of their own making. More than a mere rhetorical posture — though of course it was also that — it is here argued that Protestant anti-Catholic polemic encodes a more generalized anxiety about the role of imagination within religious, social and political life, and thus serves as a microcosm of larger-scale transformations within the intellectual and political discourse of early modern England. Most obviously, the emphasis on the imagination, in particular within Protestant polemics, indicates a new context into which traditional scholastic psychological categories were forced in order to accommodate confessional differentiation and the new political realities of a post-Reformation world. Thus, by understanding just what Protestant polemicists meant by fictions, we can open up deeper continuities across the intellectual and political discourse of the period.
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Akmal, Muhammad Shahbaz, Munawar Amin, Imtiaz Hussain Baloch i Anna Mariam. "Social Values in Muhammad Hameed Shahid’s Fiction: An Analytical Study". Journal of Languages, Culture and Civilization 5, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/jlcc.v5i2.178.
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Muhammad Hameed Shahid is a unique fiction writer. He looks at the common people of the society with the eyes of the heart. This article attempts to analyze his short stories in the perspective of social values. He has chosen a very simple and natural technique to reveal the social truth that he has decided to describe. The beauty of his fiction is that the reader feels himself a part or character of his fiction. His main attitude in his stories is to look into the depths of the individual is existence. He seems to search for the motives of human actions in the darkness of the unconscious. He has taken a tour of the human heart. The journey from outer to the inner can only be made by an observant fiction writer and he has portrayed emotions by harmonizing external condition with his internal conditions in such a way that his story feels like everyone’s story.
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Woolham, John, Caroline Norrie, Kritika Samsi i Jill Manthorpe. "The employment conditions of social care personal assistants in England". Journal of Adult Protection 21, nr 6 (28.11.2019): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-06-2019-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the employment conditions of social care personal assistants (PAs) in England. In England, disabled adults have been able to directly employ people to meet their care or support needs for a number of years, little is known about the employment conditions of people who are directly employed. Design/methodology/approach PAs were recruited mainly through third sector and user led organisations. A total of 105 social care PAs took part in a semi-structured telephone interview, which on average was an hour long. Interviews were fully transcribed. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS (v.24) and qualitative data by NVIVO software. Findings The paper focuses on employment conditions: contracts, pay, pensions, national insurance, overtime, holiday and sick pay, etc. Access to training and support are also described. Though PAs enjoyed considerable job satisfaction, many did not enjoy good employment conditions. Though employer abuse was uncommon, many PAs could arguably be described as exploited. Occupational isolation and lack of support to resolve disputes was striking. Research limitations/implications Though this may be currently the largest qualitative study of PAs in the UK, it is nonetheless relatively small and no claims for generalisability are made, though the geographical spread of the sample was wide and recruited from multiple sites. Practical implications PAs are an effective way of establishing relationship-based care, and confer direct control to disabled employers. Many PAs experienced high job satisfaction. However, lack of regulation and oversight creates considerable potential for exploitation or abuse. This may make the role less attractive to potential PAs in the medium term. Social implications Social care PAs may be a very effective means of achieving genuinely person-centred care or support for many people. However, PAs do not always appear to enjoy satisfactory conditions of employment and their role is largely unregulated. Growth and long-term sustainability of this emergent role may be jeopardised by these employment conditions. Originality/value Little is known about PA working conditions. This study suggests that much more needs to be done to improve these.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "England – Social conditions – Fiction"
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Freeman, Mark David. "Social investigation in rural England, 1870-1914". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1130/.
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This thesis analyses the work of a large group of social investigators who were active in rural areas in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It follows on from studies of the investigations of Charles Booth, Seebohm Rowntree, Henry Mayhew and others, and shows how the investigation of rural life proceeded on different lines from the urban social inquiry of the period. It is argued that the political and social conflicts between town and country, and within the rural community itself, shaped the activities of the investigators considered. The model of a conflict between the 'informant' approach (where trustworthy authorities were asked to comment on the condition of the agricultural labourer) and the 'respondent' approach (where the labourer was consulted at first hand) is used to illustrate the complexity of the structure or rural social inquiries of the period. It is shown that the kinds of information which could be obtained from the two approaches differed, and that the same event or condition could be reported on very differently from two conflicting points of view. This argument is taken a study further by an examination of another genre of writers on the agricultural labourer. It is argued that the social commentary, usually by resident investigators, which tended to be cultural rather than economic in character, was as much a part of the project of social investigation as was the large-scale official inquiry or social survey. Drawing on the work of the few historians who have seriously analysed this genre of writers in its urban context, the thesis applies an analysis of this form of investigation in rural areas. The perceived need to communicate with the rural poor on a deeper level was another aspect of the 'respondent' approach to investigation, and is as much a forerunner of modern sociological method as is the classic social survey. The thesis also shows how the representations of rural communities and of agricultural labourers in the texts of the period affected the practice of investigators, and argues that the notion of the countryside as a scene of social peace and a repository of racial hardihood caused them to approach the task of investigation with particular preconceptions which shaped their diagnoses of the problems of rural life.
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Aston, Jennifer. "Female business owners in England, 1849-1901". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3805/.
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This doctoral thesis uses female entrepreneurship as a case study to highlight the flaws and limitations of using gender as a lens to view the social and economic opportunities available to women in nineteenth-century England. Through analysing trade directory data, and reconstructing the lives of a hundred businesswomen using sources including census returns,newspapers, photographs, probate records and advertisements, this thesis demonstrates that female entrepreneurs did not conform to a historiography that would see them solely employed in ‘feminine’ trade types or in ‘feminine’ ways of trading. Rather, women remained an integral part of the urban economy across England throughout the nineteenth-century with a consistent percentage of female owned firms engaged in making products. Analysis of the hundred case studies reveals that women were able to become business owners through a variety of means and they remained the senior partner in family firms until they chose to retire or died. This thesis also shows how women could use their position as business owners to acquire the luxury possessions and display the investment and asset distribution behaviours that men used to secure their middle class status, thus demonstrating that economically independent women could achieve and maintain middle-class status.
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Unwin, Peter Frederick. "The role of agency social work in England : a case study". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63880/.
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This study explored the views and perceptions about agency social work in England. At its core is the first known case study of adult services social work teams in a rural local authority. The case study took place over the period 2008- 2010 and used qualitative methodology to capture perspectives from agency and employed social workers, agency and employed managers and agency and employed administrative staff. Agency social work was seen to have developed from a background of deteriorating conditions in local government employment and in the absence of effective and flexible workforce planning. Labour process theory provided a meaningful framework to help explore the phenomenon of agency social work within a public sector increasingly dominated by markets and managerialism. A directional tendency towards a degraded workplace was noted despite some perceptions of upskilling in respect of agency social workers. A range of explanations regarding the motivation and the experiences of agency social workers was found that largely supported previous case study findings from urban local authorities. The roles carried out by employed social workers under the care management system were indistinguishable from those of agency social workers, several agency social workers having remained in post for periods of two years or more. No ways of working were identified as being particularly tailored to a rural context. The antipathy toward agency social workers noted in previous case studies was largely absent in the rural case study and agency social workers were not perceived as part of the private sector. Issues regarding the cost-effectiveness of agency social work and its affect on service users and carers were inconclusive. Recommendations for further research were made and agency social work was seen as being likely to remain as a core feature of modernised social work while vacancies remain high and alternative models for contingency workforce planning remain absent.
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Nitcholas, Mark C. "The Evolution of Gentility in Eighteenth-Century England and Colonial Virginia". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2617/.
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This study analyzes the impact of eighteenth-century commercialization on the evolution of the English and southern American landed classes with regard to three genteel leadership qualities--education, vocation, and personal characteristics. A simultaneous comparison provides a clearer view of how each adapted, or failed to adapt, to the social and economic change of the period. The analysis demonstrates that the English gentry did not lose a class struggle with the commercial ranks as much as they were overwhelmed by economic changes they could not understand. The southern landed class established an economy based on production of cash crops and thus adapted better to a commercial economy. The work addresses the development of class-consciousness in England and the origins of Virginia's landed class.
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Buckle, Sebastian. "Homosexual identity in England, 1967-2004 : political reform, media and social change". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367041/.
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The thesis concentrates on examining how images and representations have shaped a discourse on homosexuality, and how, in turn, this has shaped a gay and lesbian social and group identity. It explores the political, media, and social spheres to show how at any point during this period, images of homosexuality and identity were being projected in society, contributing to public ideas about sexual identity. This is broken down into three chronological time periods: a ‘gay liberation’ period during the 1960s and 1970s, a ‘visible subculture’ period during the late 1970s and 1980s, and a ‘becoming mainstream’ period in the 1990s and early 2000s. The central premise of this thesis is that identity is not just self-created, but is often the result of the images and messages we see around us. Thus while other historians have concentrated on how men and women have created and adopted their own sexual identities, this thesis looks at how images in society have influenced a public discourse on homosexuality which has helped create social and group identities. Taken together, these images help create a group identity, which often has much more relevance for how the majority of people understand what it means to define someone as a gay man or a lesbian in any of the three periods studied. Thus, a publically-perceived sexual identity is created which is used by both heterosexual people in forming ideas about gay life, and homosexual people in discovering their own sexuality and sexual identity. The political/legal sections of the thesis use a wealth of primary sources including Hansard, Government reports, oral testimony, lobbying papers, manifestos, memoirs, public statements, newsletters, minutes, and social surveys. The media sections use newspapers, magazines, films, and television programmes, while the social sections rely on oral testimony, the records of gay groups, pictures, newsletters, maps, health campaign literature, memoirs, and news articles. Taken together, they provide examples of the dominant images being projected in the three time periods, by these three media. While this thesis recognises that there is no single gay identity at any one point – with various exclusions and competing ideas being presented – there is a more general picture framed in each of these periods. The conclusion recognises the role of images in society in creating sexual identities, while also examining the overall development of a gay social and group identity from its inception at the beginning of this period, to its place at the end.
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Mallick, Suman. "Apples and Knives (A Novel)". PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3023.
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ZULEIKHA, who was trained as a pianist in her hometown of Lahore, Pakistan, arrives in Irving, Texas after her arranged marriage to ISKANDER, but finds it difficult to get accustomed to the appurtenances, encumbrances, and perquisites of the middle-class housewife lifestyle. Despite giving birth to a son, WASIM, she quickly falls out of love with her dutiful but straight-laced husband. She begins giving private lessons, and commences an affair with PATRICK, a transplanted Canadian who is trapped in his own loveless marriage. When she gets pregnant, Zuleikha is convinced the child belongs to her husband. She ends her affair with Patrick, but Iskander finds out about it anyway. The ensuing confrontation between Zuleikha and Iskander turns into a physical altercation, during which Zuleikha, having fallen to the floor, is unable to see if Iskander stomps on her belly, or falls on her by accident as he will later claim. The trauma results in a miscarriage.
The unusual set of circumstances surrounding this violent episode serves as the backdrop for the rest of the story, by catapulting this otherwise nondescript couple into the glare of the public eye. Iskander is arrested and charged with feticide, and he faces a long prison sentence under Texas law. A court order prohibits him from contacting Zuleikha and Wasim, who are taken to a shelter for Muslim women and children. There, the other domestic abuse victims view Zuleikha as someone who "had it coming" because of her infidelity, and are therefore openly hostile to her. The shelter's director, a woman named REZA, is beholden to wealthy Muslim donors, and therefore arranges for Zuleikha to meet with members of a highly controversial Islamic tribunal. Zuleikha is pressured to forgive her husband and testify in his favor, so as not draw further negative attention to the Muslim community. JANE, the District Attorney, on the other hand, initially plays nice with Zuleikha and informs her that she will devote any and all available resources in the prosecution of Iskander. When Zuleikha can't get her story straight and hesitates about testifying against her husband, however, Jane, too, turns against her. Zuleikha discovers that the DA has been caught hiding her own secrets and now faces a public confidence crisis of her own. Zuleikha comes to realize that Jane's reasons for being so gung-ho about winning Iskander's conviction have as much to do with re-endearing herself to her electorate as with justice.
Zuleikha thus finds herself at the epicenter of a political firestorm fueled by winds of anti-Muslim hysteria, with different people trying to use her situation to their own advantage. When Wasim gets in a scuffle at the shelter and has to be taken to a clinic, she panics and contacts Iskander against her better judgment. Husband and wife finally confront each other while Wasim is being treated. Iskander claims to still love Zuleikha and begs her to take him back so that they and their son can resume their prior family life. But Zuleikha realizes that even if Iskander is sincere and not merely seeking reconciliation in order to avoid a harsh prison sentence, she will never be able to forgive him, let alone love him and live with him again. She comes to accept the fact that she has no control over Iskander's fate in court, and can only move forward by testifying truthfully and trying to do what is best for her and her son. While waiting for the trial to begin, she gains admission in a summer training program for piano instructors and begins the next phase of her life.
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Sveinsson, Kjartan Páll. "Swimming against the tide : trajectories and experiences of migration amongst Nigerian doctors in England". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3279/.
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High emigration countries tell a confusing story of how migration cycles can contribute to the sustainable economic development of some poor countries in some ways but hamper it in others. A number of social, economic and political factors – on local, national and global levels – interact to influence success, or lack thereof, in activating diasporas to contribute to the development of their home countries. Various actors – including states, civil society, and minority groups – within the 'transnational social space' impact on migrants' capacity to send 'social remittances' and engage with transnational processes. This study looks at a particular cadre of highly skilled migrants – Nigerian doctors working in the NHS in England – as a lens through which to explore these broader processes. Africa has: 3% of the world's health-workers; 11% of the global population; 24% of the global burden of disease. Yet 28% of sub-Saharan African doctors have left the continent to practice medicine in a handful of OECD countries, with enormous social and economic costs to sending countries. The NHS is highly dependent on overseas doctors – 28% are trained overseas, and 75% of these are from low income countries. Yet there is a long history of discriminatory practice towards overseas doctors in the NHS. Overseas doctors tend to be over-represented in lower grades, and under-represented in senior positions: the higher up the NHS hierarchy you look, the whiter the doctors become. This study traces the migratory trajectories of 32 Nigerian doctors who have studied and/or worked in England, their experiences of professional development within the NHS, and their involvement in community and transnational activities that induce (or hinder) the transfer of skills and resources. Their narratives are connected to broader aspects of immigration policy, structural discrimination, and transnational processes to explore how their place within the transnational social space impacts on their ability to obtain transferable knowledge, and how they use this knowledge to make a contribution to the development of the healthcare sector in Nigeria.
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Voskou, Angeliki. "Social change and history pedagogy in Greek supplementary schools in England". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8320/.
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This doctoral study examined the pedagogy of history and heritage in four Greek supplementary schools in England and how this influences the development of students' identities in a period of continuous social change. The study followed a case study design and a mixed-method methodology. The methods employed were documentary research, questionnaires, interviews and ethnographic observations. It was conducted in three distinct phases. The pre-phase of the research examined the history of Greek migration in the UK. The second, quantitative phase and the third, qualitative phase, explored participants' attitudes, perceptions and practices on history pedagogy and identity development. A notable finding of this doctoral research is that the structure of the Greek community and Greek supplementary schools in England are undergoing a dynamic change due to the influx of Greek and Greek-Cypriot migrants in the UK recently. While this change is undergoing, the findings of this research revealed that a part of pedagogical practices appear to reflect this need for a change, while some others continue to reproduce the wish of preserving primordial notions of culture and ethnicity. This doctoral study stresses the need for a reconsideration of policies and practices to suit the current fluid context of late modernity.
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Burls, Robin J. "Society, economy and lordship in Devon in the age of the first two Courtenay earls, c. 1297-1377". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30404220-43bf-41b7-b70a-f18624594c08.
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This thesis is a contribution to the social history of medieval Devon and the south- west in the lifetimes of the first two Courtenay earls, Hugh II (1275-1340) and Hugh III (1303-77). The fourteenth century was an era of particular importance to the region's social evolution, in which many sectors of the non-agrarian economy - cloth production, mining fishing, ship-building, intermational commerce - attained impressive levels of growth, interrupted perhaps only moderately by the demographic crises of the middle decades. Further encouragement to economic prosperity came from the war with France, which stimulated demographic and urban communities on the south coast and provided fresh opportunities for employment and personal advancement. Against this backdrop of economic change, the pattern of aristocratic power in the south-western peninsula was undergoing a fundamental transformation and shift in focus. Two great Anglo-Norman honors were united in 1297 under the Courtenays, giving a single aristocratic dynasty unprecedented influence and leverage over local society. Permanently resident in the county and led by vigorous personalities, the family rapidly became ubiquitous in all sectors of public life and the region experienced a quality and intensity of lordship rarely witnessed in the previous two centuries. The current work supplies a deficiency in the study of the medieval south-west, but also makes a case for extending the remit of a traditional county-based study to encompass a wider cultural and economic hinterland. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the physical landscape and geography on economic and seignorial development in medieval society. The thesis is divided into two parts: the first dealing with the economic and social infrastructure, and 'setting the scene' with a long-term historical survey; the second focusing specifically on the fourteenth century and placing a discussion of local power structures in a wider 'national' context.
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Clifton, Naomi. "Women, work and family in England and France : a question of identity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d39ca1d0-d8fc-4f54-aea3-fba3fd68e984.
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This thesis explores some of the individual attitudes and choices which may explain differing patterns in women's work in England and France. Women's work, however, cannot be considered outside the context of their family lives, and there exist important differences between England and France in terms of the structures in place to facilitate the combining of paid work and family commitments. It is proposed that these are related to broader social and economic structures which characterise the countries concerned, and the family and gender roles assumed by them. The question addressed, therefore, is the relationship between work identity and female identity. This is examined by comparing full-time working women, both single and with families, in the two countries. Since the question concerns meanings rather than frequencies, quantitative methods such as surveys are rejected in favour of a triangulated methodology combining repertory grid, Twenty Statements Test and in- depth interview. The results from each of these are reported separately. There is strong convergence within and clear differences between national groups, regardless of marital status. French and English groups are both committed to working, but this takes different forms in the two countries. The French women define themselves equally in terms of work, personal relationships and social lives, with relatively little conflict between them. For the English women, work identity comes first, there is more conflict between work and family roles and more tension in personal relationships. This may partly be accounted for by the English women's greater concern with career progression and personal advancement, which is more likely to conflict with family roles. The findings are related to broader issues of economic, social and family policy, historical factors, religious traditions and attitudes towards gender and equality. These themselves are seen as reflecting more general ideologies in the countries concerned. Finally, there is a consideration of questions raised by the study, and suggestions for further research.
Książki na temat "England – Social conditions – Fiction"
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Murray, Annie. The women of Lilac Street. London: Macmillan, 2013.
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Suri, Sanjay. Brideless in Wembley: In search of Indian England. Chichester: Summersdale, 2007.
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Walsh, Helen. Once upon a time in England. Edinburgh: Canongate, 2008.
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Copeland, Edward M. Women writing about money: Women's fiction in England, 1790-1820. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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Copeland, Edward M. Women writing about money: Women's fiction in England, 1790-1820. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
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Chadwick, Charles. It's all right now: A novel. New York: HarperCollins, 2005.
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Chadwick, Charles. It's All Right Now. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.
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Chadwick, Charles. It's all right now. London: Faber, 2006.
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Hopkins, Billy. Kate's story. London: Headline, 2001.
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Hopkins, Billy. Kate's story. London: Headline, 2001.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "England – Social conditions – Fiction"
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Kella, Elizabeth. "From Survivor to Im/migrant Motherhood and Beyond: Margit Silberstein’s Postmemorial Autobiography, Förintelsens Barn". W Narratives of Motherhood and Mothering in Fiction and Life Writing, 93–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17211-3_6.
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AbstractThe Swedish journalist and author Margit Silberstein’s autobiographical memoir, Förintelsens Barn (2021), represents her post-war upbringing in a survivor family. Both parents were Hungarian-speaking Jews from Transylvania, who were the only members of their respective families to survive horrendous persecution and conditions during the war. After the war they immigrated to a small town in Sweden, where Margit and her brother were born. This chapter examines the tensions in Silberstein’s account of her childhood and her relations with her parents, particularly her mother, viewing these tensions as stemming from characteristics of and contradictions between later postmemorial writing and the im/migrant literature of Sweden today, both of which are conditioned by their social contexts, including those of antisemitism. Silberstein’s work brings Holocaust postmemoir into dialogue with im/migrant autobiography in contemporary Sweden, and it suggests that this dialogue will continue to the third generation, Silberstein’s children.
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Höglund, Johan. "Ruins". W The American Climate Emergency Narrative, 159–79. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60645-8_7.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the depiction of thoroughly eroded, post-apocalyptic worlds where capitalism, the commodity frontiers that have always fed capital, and the economic conditions that make standing armies possible, have disappeared. Much of the fiction considered in this chapter describes a Hobbesian world devoid of the material comforts, securities and privileges previously enjoyed by (white/middle-class) communities. Even so, the heroes of these texts do their best to honour the violent social contract established by extractive and militarized capitalism.
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Ulukütük, Mehmet. "Scientific Paradigm Shifts and Curriculum: Experiences in the Transition to Social Constructivist Education in Turkey and Singapore". W Educational Theory in the 21st Century, 25–49. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9640-4_2.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the relationship between changes in the scientific paradigm and curriculum after 2000 in Turkey and Singapore as case countries that experienced the transition to social constructivist education. This chapter explores the following questions: Can the traces of paradigm shifts be seen in the curricula? What was the education curriculum like in Turkey and Singapore before 2000? Have any changes occurred in the curricula in Turkey and Singapore after 2000? If any apparent changes have occurred in the curricula, how can they be explained through the relationship with the science-knowledge paradigm shift? After 2000, Singapore and Turkey were observed to have adopted the contextual and subjectivist paradigm, which changes based on idiosyncratic conditions, rather than the objectivist science-knowledge paradigm based on the positivist paradigm. Since 2000, Turkey has started to apply the constructivist paradigm in its education system after trying out various education approaches. Likewise, Singapore started to search for a new paradigm following its independence from England in 1959 and separation from Malesia in 1965. Even though the change in Turkey’s curriculum after the 2000s indicates positivism to be questioned, the realist ontology and objectivist approach to knowledge have apparently not been put behind. In the case of Singapore, the constructivism that had evolved over time emerged in the curriculum, not the relativist and anti-realist constructivism. Singapore’s success compared to Turkey’s is debatable; nevertheless, Singapore’s performance on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is noteworthy.
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Abdi, Ali Mohamed, Andrew Arewa i Mark Tyrer. "Fuel Poverty and Health Implications of Elderly People Living in the UK". W Springer Proceedings in Energy, 241–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_30.
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AbstractFuel poverty is widely recognised as distinct form of injustice and social inequality and a front burner issue in the last three decades in the UK. The crisis affects 4.5 million households in the UK, and it is a major high-risk contributor to health of elderly people (NEA in Effects of Living in Fuel Poverty, NEA.ORG, London, 2020, [1]). Thus, the consequences of fuel poverty range from psychological stress, worry and isolation to serious health conditions such as respiratory and circulatory diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of fuel poverty on reoccurring health risks of elderly people. The study adopted quantitative research methods with participants drawn from West Midlands region of England - UK; an area with high population of elderly people, carers, health professionals and energy professionals. Findings from the survey indicate that fuel poverty is one of the major aspects that contributes to health implications among elderly people in the UK.
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Jones, Charlotte. "H. G. Wells". W Realism, Form, and Representation in the Edwardian Novel, 167–216. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857921.003.0005.
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This chapter shifts attention from reference in space to reference in time, in order to extend the argument about realism and metaphysics to a consideration of genres as ideological formations which must both engage with recognizable circumstances and possess an innate desire to defamiliarize, even contravene, the givens of the cultural symbolic world. The social problem novel highlights this paradox, because it can only imagine possible futures through extrapolation from present conditions. The future acts as another boundless context against which realist representation must be pivoted. Chapter 4 explores this temporal paradox in the novels of H. G. Wells, whose background in evolutionary biology and investment in performative socialist politics means he depicts contemporary society as already, in a sense, prescient. The conclusions drawn about the operation of temporality in Wells’s fiction—particularly his use of tenses and the odd, recurrent topos of metanarrative intrusion—are used to think through some of the implications for ‘condition of England’ writing as an oracular and dialectical tradition within realism.
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Pionke, Albert D. "Social Domination, Social Scientific Empiricism, and Novelistic Distrust of the Modern Fact". W Victorian Fictions of Middle-Class Status, 136–72. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399507707.003.0005.
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Chapter four reconstructs Victorian novelists’ skeptical response to the growing prominence of quantifiable knowledge as the principal basis for public policy and middle-class legitimacy. Framed against the rise of what Mary Poovey denominates the “modern fact”—represented by the penetration of statistics and the continued influence of Utilitarianism in social and political life—this chapter reads Brontë’s Villette (1853), Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh (1856), Trollope’s The Three Clerks (1857), and Dickens’s Hard Times (1854) for their shared rejection of what they represent as a narrowly conceived and misguided reliance upon empiricism to overdetermine patterns of domination. Long read as an unsatisfying a condition-of-England novel, Hard Times is repositioned as a sophisticated sociological novel with a clear function for its apparently anomalous outsider characters: rather than serve as a simple-minded panacea for the manifold ills of England’s factory system, Sleary as his fellow performers emerge as key figures for the disinterested legitimation of Gradgrind, and by extension Dickens, as representatives of middle-class authority.
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"SOCIAL CONDITIONS, STRUCTURES, AND ASSUMPTIONS". W England in the Age of Shakespeare, 211–45. Indiana University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvj7wnfz.11.
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Sillars, Stuart. "Book, Image, and Social Presence". W Picturing England between the Wars, 117–28. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828921.003.0009.
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In the early 1920s, the literary editor Sidney Clark wrote about English classic texts as moral guides for new readers. In 1932, Q. D. Leavis bemoaned the growth of popular fiction as simple escape. More positive overall was the growth of books as constructions of word and image, not just through illustrations but in all aspects of design, layout and increasingly through pictorial dust jackets in books of all kinds. Design of covers and binding revealed much about contents, with the Left Book Club and its rival Right Book Club the most extreme, declaring their content and political stance. In new homes, books became a way of presenting the owners’ tastes to visitors; the design of Penguin Books in particular made purchasing easier and cheaper, and also offered books of many kinds, identifiable by colour-coded covers, to new readers.
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Berkman, Lisa F., i Ichiro Kawachi. "A Historical Framework for Social Epidemiology". W Social Epidemiology, 3–12. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083316.003.0001.
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Abstract Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of states of health in populations (Susser 1973). Ever since John Graunt (1662) counted deaths in county parishes in England in the seventeenth century, social variations in morbidity and mortality have been observed. Early studies often centered on the ill effects of poverty, poor housing conditions, and work environments. By the nineteenth century, physicians such as Villerme (1830) and Virchow (1848) refined observations identifying social class and work conditions as crucial determinants of health and disease (Rosen 1963). Durkheim wrote eloquently about another profound social experience, that of social integration and how it was related to patterns of mortality, especially suicide (1897). So, in many ways, the idea that social conditions influence health is not new. Social epidemiology, however, is.
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Hapgood, Lynne. "Margaret Harkness, novelist: social semantics and experiments in fiction". W Margaret Harkness, 130–46. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526123503.003.0008.
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This chapter is based on Harkness’s three London novels to explore how they provided a space in which she was able to experiment with a new style of literary realism designed to reflect both its historical moment and an evolving linguistic and political discourse. It argues that, in a period of social change, Harkness’s task in writing novels about contemporary social conditions required her to employ the shared language and conventions of the present but, crucially, to listen and hear the as yet unarticulated but evolving meanings of the future. It explores the ways in which Harkness’s writing participates in and contributes to emerging forms of experimental writing that seek to relay the experience of urban modernity.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "England – Social conditions – Fiction"
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Pangestu, Indragus, i Achmad Nurmandi. "What is the strategy for creating “City Resilience” during the COVID-19 Pandemic?" W 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002732.
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This study aims to identify urban resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, England, and China. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a terrible impact on the lives of many citizens, especially in urban areas. Cities are the central point of economic growth and governance, cities must continue the function even in conditions of crisis or disaster. So that it becomes interesting to review the strategies of big cities in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a simple statistical method, and bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software. Scientific literature data was taken from the Scopus database which was searched with the keywords urban resilience and covid 19 with a range of 2019 to 2022. limitations on authors or affiliations of the 3 countries in literature publications, namely the united states, England and China. This analysis includes a number of publications, citation analysis, and visualization of co-occurrence patterns of the most frequently occurring keywords. Bibliometric analysis shows the United States leading the way in article publication with 25 articles, followed by England and China with 15 articles each. The results of data analysis show that the initial strategy of urban resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the three countries was carried out by limiting community activities in public spaces to prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 disease. In addition, the urban resilience strategy is carried out by building integrated health services and digital infrastructure and carrying out transportation management. Another strategy is to build public spaces that can provide social distancing and provide easier access to information and communication technology for the entire citizens. In future research, it is hoped that we can discuss how to transform the strategy by adjusting to the style of the city and the needs of the citizens.
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Scharmen, Fred. "A Brief Pre-History of Houses Who Tweet". W 105th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.105.75.
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There are currently only a few houses who use social media. But with the increasing availability of inexpensive hardware, and prolific networked software, the number of houses who actively communicate online in one way or another is sure to grow. An examination of some tweeting house types from within the context of architecture history and theory reveals some models for how this social architecture might develop.This paper shows that tweeting houses raise concerns that are solidly within the set of questions traditionally addressed by architecture. The tweeting house’s existence depends on acts of translation between different media, some managed by a designer, some automated. The tweeting house actively presents social and tectonic affordances that offer opportunities for engagement, functional and otherwise. And finally, tweeting houses raise issues about the public, external representation of a set of private, internal conditions, some of them personal to the house’s occupants, some of them intended for broader reading. This paper will use examples from the history of architecture, adjacent design disciplines, computer science, science fiction, and hybrid example projects that partake of all of these fields, to show that while the house with a social media account is a unique and new techno-architectural possibility, it is not without history or precedent.
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Genese-Plaude, Inta. "URBAN CULTURAL PRACTICES AS A MIRROR OF THE MODERNIZATION OF LATE 19TH CENTURY SOCIETY AND LIFESTYLE IN AUGUSTS DEGLAVS� NOVEL �RIGA�". W 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2022/s10.24.
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The study focuses on the late 19th century city as an equivalent of the formation of a modern society. In fiction, especially in novels, the depiction of the 19th/20th century city has always attracted attention as a reflection of the formation of modern society through portrayals of both daily life and the development trends of the era's ideas. Writer, publicist, social activist Augusts Deglavs (1862�1922) created a unique portrait of the modernization of the city in Latvian literature with his novel �Riga� (�Riga�) (part 1 in 1912, part 2 in 1921). The novel demonstrates the awakening of Latvians and their formation as a cultural nation in a multicultural society in the conditions of double colonialism in the second half of the 19th century. One of the focal points of the novel is the diverse spectrum of cultural practices in an emerging industrial and multicultural society. The novel shows that cultural practices are determined by power hegemony and confrontation, various social experiences, ethnic, professional, religious affiliations, ideologies, behavioural norms and mass cultural emancipation. The research was conducted in a culture-oriented perspective, involving the social sciences and the current interdisciplinary approach. The approach of Cultural Studies and New Historicism method are used, with which it is possible to discover how Augusts Deglavs� novel is rooted in the cultural practices, circulation of ideas and historical developments of the era. New Historicism looks at literature as one of the voices in the polyphony of history or an era, a voice which can sound just as powerful in content as the voice of history and culture itself, because literature is one of the links in the chain of cultural processes.
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D'Aprile, Marianela. "A City Divided: “Fragmented” Urban and Literary Space in 20th-Century Buenos Aires". W 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.22.
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When analyzing the state of Latin American cities, particularly large ones like Buenos Aires, São Paolo and Riode Janeiro, scholars of urbanism and sociology often lean heavily on the term “fragmentation.” Through the 1980s and 1990s, the term was quickly and widely adopted to describe the widespread state of abutment between seemingly disparate urban conditions that purportedly prevented Latin American cities from developing into cohesive wholes and instead produced cities in pieces, fragments. This term, “fragmentation,” along with the idea of a city composed of mismatching parts, was central to the conception of Buenos Aires by its citizens and immortalized by the fiction of Esteban Echeverría, Julio Cortázar and César Aira. The idea that Buenos Aires is composed of discrete parts has been used throughout its history to either proactively enable or retroactively justify planning decisions by governments on both ends of the political spectrum. The 1950s and 60s saw a series of governments whose priorities lay in controlling the many newcomers to the city via large housing projects. Aided by the perception of the city as fragmented, they were able to build monster-scale developments in the parts of the city that were seen as “apart.” Later, as neoliberal democracy replaced socialist and populist leadership, commercial centers in the center of the city were built as shrines to an idealized Parisian downtown, separate from the rest of the city. The observations by scholars of the city that Buenos Aires is composed of multiple discrete parts, whether they be physical, economic or social, is accurate. However, the issue here lies not in the accuracy of the assessment but in the word chosen to describe it. The word fragmentation implies that there was a “whole” at once point, a complete entity that could be then broken into pieces, fragments. Its current usage also implies that this is a natural process, out of the hands of both planners and inhabitants. Leaning on the work of Adrián Gorelik, Pedro Pírez and Marie-France Prévôt-Schapira, and utilizing popular fiction to supplement an understanding of the urban experience, I argue that fragmentation, more than a naturally occurring phenomenon, is a fabricated concept that has been used throughout the twentieth century and through today to make all kinds of urban planning projects possible.
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ZHOROVA, Iryna, Serhiy DANYLYUK i Olha KHUDENKO. "Civic education of students by means of literature: european experience". W Învățământul superior: tradiţii, valori, perspective. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/c.29-30-09-2023.p108-122.
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The article reveals the theoretical and methodical aspects of students’ civic education by means of literature. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in the conditions of unstable development of society, escalation of conflicts both between states and between fellow citizens, the issue of students’ civic education is actualized. The authors understand this concept as a form of social education, the formation of a citizen of a specific state, capable of successfully acting for the sake of preserving democracy and peace. Currently, informal education, in addition to the content of “social and civic competencies” that is understandable for Ukrainian educators, uses the term “competencies for the culture of democracy”, which, according to the authors, is a structured concept implemented in the European dimension of civic education. The authors emphasize that fiction affects human feelings and consciousness, it is a powerful means of moral, aesthetic and civic education. Through artistic images, writers provide an opportunity to form their attitude to the events described, to draw certain conclusions, to reflect on universal values, on the actions of one or another character, to see models of civic active/passive behavior. The article analyzes the European experience of civic education, in particular Great Britain and Germany. The authors take into account the literature of these countries and identify aspects that can serve as a basis for students’ civic education, compare them with the Ukrainian realities of civic education. The authors present the main vectors of civic education in Germany, which are determined by the content of literary works and encourage pluralism of opinions, tolerance for the views and judgments of others, motivate students to actively participate in civic life, awareness of the value of freedom, respect for human dignity, the right to self-expression, responsibility for an individual’s moral choice. The works are also the basis for establishing in teenagers such democratic values as the right to life, to fair treatment, dignity, freedom from discrimination, the right to equality, understanding the need to protect one’s rights and the rights of other people.The analysis of content concepts of literature for pupils in Great Britain shows that the priorities of civic education are national patriotism and the education of a law-abiding citizen. The textual material of the works and civic education lessons help pupils to better understand different forms of governance and their impact on citizens; to understand the responsibility and functions of management and the duties of citizens; to acquire socio-cultural experience that gives the opportunity to feel morally, socially, politically, legally competent and protected in society and to take direct part in the activities of civil society institutions. In Finland, the basic democratic values of the national core curriculum are open democracy, equality, responsibility for one’s own choice. An important focus of education in Finnish high school is gaining experience in shaping the future based on joint decisions and interaction.Taking into account the global trends of digitization, the authors considered digital technologies to be educational innovations in students’ civic education (electronic textbooks (not just digitized, but interactive, with virtual 3D materials that teachers can compose at their discretion), textbook scans for download, various materials: interactive laboratories, virtual museums, forums for teachers to communicate, etc.).
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Vrasmas, Ecaterina, i Traian Vrasmas. "DEVELOPING A EUROPEAN PROFESSIONAL’S NETWORK IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:E LEARNING PROCESS AND OUTCOMES". W eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-063.
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Title: Developing a European professional’s network in Inclusive Education: E learning process and outcomes Vrasmas, Ecaterina, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Panduri Street No.90, Bucharest; Email: ecaterinavr@yahoo.com Vrasmas, Traian, Ovidius University Constanta, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Bd. Mamaia Street No.124 Email: traianvrasmas@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The context The paper describes a European project focusing on using eLearning media, in order to establish is quite an actual trend establish a European network for professionals. It is a new and strong trend in education, particularly in inclusive education. Inclusive education is one of the highest challenges in the field of education, for all European countries. Each country had its own history, experiences, cultural conditions, its own approaches, opportunities and challenges but common work and values are needed. Short description A group of professionals from national associations in England, France, Island, Italy and Romania has decided, after the European Conference of Social inclusion (2008, Clairmond Ferrand, France) to act for the implementation of the conclusions from this conference. They have planned and started to build a network for inclusive education among those five national organizations. They planned and implemented a Leonardo project called “Partnership of professionals for inclusive education.” They implemented all the project working together, in order to share experiences and debate on which are the most relevant barriers in the European and each national context and find solutions to advance in inclusive education. Aside of the direct meetings, in each country, most of the project preparation and implementation was made via eLearning (email communication, site development, power point preparation and presentation, reporting on a European data base etc). The main objectives of the project were: - To built a web site of the project; - To work together for finding common barriers and solutions for inclusive education. The project has reached these objectives by using eLearning media. During the process and as a result of eLearning we have produced important outcomes: - A web site (http://inclusiveeducation-leonardo-professionals.blogs.apf.asso.fr,Utilisat eur: leo-nardoprofessionals, Mot de passe : leonardoprofessionals; - A list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education; Additional outcomes were: - A Guide for professionals on inclusive education; - A lot of power point presentations, on international documents and policies on national educational policies and inclusive education history in each country, study cases and ex-periences, lessons learned in different visits. The project website was designed for all the partners and for all institutions dealing with educa-tion. It contains a glossary of inclusion, with the main concepts, in all five languages (English, French, Italian, Romanian and Icelandic). It describes the partners involved, some elements facili-tating the understanding of the European and international perspective on inclusive education, based on the experiences collected in the project, on the results and documents obtained. The list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education is a synthesis of the professionals work and a result of several debates. After listing barriers and the facilitating factors, the elements which can be barriers and facilitators as well, the list contains the synthesis of the discussion from each country, on the topic of identification of particular aspects: defining inclusion, the major actors, the resources needed - just a few of the analyze points. The Guide for professionals has been developed by the project professionals, as a working tool, issued from the discussions during the school visits in the 5 countries, from the synthesis of analysis and of conclusions (from international sources) regarding inclusive educa-tion. It defines inclusion, suggests a set o principles, identifies solutions for the barriers, and offers concrete examples from each country, regarding policies, practices, cultures and values. It is an open and positive point of view. During the project more than 80 different power points presentation were produced, focusesd on in-ternational and national legislation, scientific arguments on inclusive education, each country policy and experiences. One of them is the Final slide show (album) 2009-2011. It contains photos which are presenting the countries that had participated (places, traditions, touristic attractions, art objects and towns architecture), as well as the "authors" involved in the project. The photos are proving the good collaboration during seminars, visits, during the attractive free time opportunities in each of the five countries. All these are posted on the website of the project, in order to become tools for inclusive education dissemination as eLearning instruments. Conclusions The process of eLearning using different media was vital during and for the success of this pro-ject. At the end it offered to all professionals participant the possibility to better understand the inclusion importance and issues and to promote a new perspective in education, via ongoing collaboration between professionals, cultures and experiences. Working in common for defining inclusive education in five national contexts and describing the barriers and solutions was very challenging. It was also necessary and rewording, in this moment of the European efforts for defending our common values.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "England – Social conditions – Fiction"
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Beatty, Christina, Steve Fothergill i Tony Gore. The state of the coalfields 2019: Economic and social conditions in the former coalfields of England, Scotland and Wales. Sheffield Hallam University, październik 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/cresr.2019.6676686343.
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Fothergill, Steve, Tony Gore i David Leather. The State of the Coalfields 2024: Economic and social conditions in the former coalfields of England, Scotland and Wales. Sheffield Hallam University, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/cresr.2024.6777896728.
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Demchenko, Dmytro. DEMASSIFICATION OF SOCIAL PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (TO THE PROBLEM OF THE DICHOTOMY OF “ELITE-MASS” AS A POLITICAL COMMUNICATION PARADOX). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12171.
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The article aims to analyze a complicated process of the society’s main components – elite, mass communication, and masses – in their interaction and interdependence from the historical perspective. Due to industrialization and modernization of the life quality, the social life changes radically, and the essence of every component of the society changes as well. The elite loses its dynastic character. The media stop to play the role of a mediator taking on the obligations of a collective agitator and propagandist, and the mass stops to be cloth for wiping shoes. It starts to form a mass audience and, by that, obtains new forms that must be taken into account by social institutions. Together with that the collective views are substituted by the views which are stronger than the ones of a separate individual. One of the main conclusions of the investigation is as follows. The formation of the “consumer society” and the strengthening of the mass communication role resulted in the appearance of “mediocracy” which factually introduced an absolute elite dependence on it and conferred the right of media to set the social agenda. The mass turned out to be a silent majority, a unity of conformity-oriented people. These people become simultaneously a product of mass communication impact because they dictate what one must read, listen to, and watch from the media menu. They force MMC to satisfy their unassuming needs making the content trivial and commodificated. In other words, the mutual process of the interaction of the media, “impossible independence” and the conscious “communicative consensus” of individuals who are willingly united with the mass audience takes place. The creation of the internet due to “digital anonymity” and the autonomy of the consumer formed the conditions for the self-determined citizens and gave the elite a modest place in the “cyber democracy”. However, the increase in individual self-isolation leads to his gradual loss of “social capital,” and that threatens to replace the direct experience with a virtual environment that will make it very difficult to differentiate reality from fiction. Keywords: elite, mass, media, mass communication, information space, globalization.
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Elliott, Jane, Maureen Muir i Judith Green. Trajectories of everyday mobility at older age. Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58182/bnec3269.
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Background: This review and exploratory data analysis focuses on everyday mobility at older age; that is, travel outside the house for routine activities. Everyday mobility is an important determinant of health and wellbeing. Although there can be physiological reasons for declines in an individual’s capacity for mobility, trajectories are uneven. A social model of mobility at older age assumes that impairments due to bodily ageing do not inevitably lead to reduced mobility, and that policy and environmental interventions (such as transport provision, quality of built environment) can and should support mobile later lives. We scope the potential for a study of the conditions which foster trajectories of maintained or increased mobility over time, in an equitable way. Aims: With a focus on corporeal mobility in the UK (in particular England), and on social and environmental, rather than physiological factors, our aims were to: 1) scope the existing evidence on trajectories of mobility at older age; 2) assess the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) as a possible source of data on changes in mobility over time; 3) outline the potential for further research through identifying candidate analytical approaches and; draft an initial logic model to inform a study. Literature review findings: Literature on mobility at older age documents physiological, lifecourse, social, and environmental factors that shape trajectories of declining mobility, and the health and wellbeing consequences. There are complex and bidirectional relationships between determinants and consequences of mobility. Points of disruption in the lifecourse are points where mobility practices may change and are therefore potential points for interventions to promote greater mobility. A body of research demonstrates this through the case of concessionary bus travel for older adults in the UK, which both promotes greater mobility and appears to improve health status. There is a more mixed body of research on the environmental factors that can foster greater mobility: more research is needed on how to support mobility in place in the UK, particularly in settings outside urban centres. Compared to research on physiological factors, there is a relative dearth of evidence on population level interventions, with the exception of free bus travel. ELSA summary: The main strength of using the ELSA for understanding what influences trajectories of everyday mobility is that it is an eighteen-year longitudinal study with data collection every two years, focussing on those aged 50 and over. The sample is drawn from across England, detailed contextual information is available via linked geographical identifiers, and longitudinal and cross-sectional weights enable adjustment of the sample for non-response and attrition. The weaknesses (for studies of mobility) are the lack of fine-grained measures of ‘ability’ for many mobility indicators and the potential for reporting biases that intersect with measures of social and cultural capital. In this descriptive analysis, we document six separate measures of everyday mobility that can be derived from ELSA data, and map these to our logic model. Implications: The review identified the potential for studying the conditions for mobility at older age that could help identify and develop population level interventions. Focusing on points of disruption in the lifecourse is a potentially fruitful and tractable area of investigation. We have mapped indicators available from ELSA as a foundation for future study, and as a resource for other researchers. ELSA has some disadvantages for a study, but also many strengths. Given the complexity of causal pathways linking different conditions for maintained or increased mobility, an analysis approach directed specifically at multiple pathways (such as Qualitative Comparative Analysis) could well be fruitful."