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Nkomo, JC. "Testing the mitigation manual on trainers". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, nr 2 (1.05.2005): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i2a3112.
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The Energy Research Centre (ERC), together with the Munasinghe Institute for Development (MIND) in Sri Lanka and the Environment and Development Action (ENDA) in Senegal, are developing training manuals to train trainers under UNITAR’s Climate Change Capacity Development Programme (C3D). The rationale for this is clear. The UNFCCC seeks to strengthen non-Annex 1 countries’ effective participation in the Kyoto Protocol process, and to strengthen existing and/or establish new training and research institutions to ensure sustainability of capacity building programmes. These capacity building initiatives should be country driven, involve stakeholder participation, and address specific needs and conditions of the country. For this reason, the ERC is developing training modules on climate change mitigation. ENDA is developing modules on climate change on vulnerability and adaptation; and MIND on sustainable development.
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Lazányi, János. "Adaptations to potential impacts of climate change in the “New Hungary” Rural Development Programme". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, nr 5-6 (30.12.2009): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/5-6/25.
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There are evidences that the climate is changing and the effects on agriculture and wildlife are discernible. Spring is occurring earlier and autumn later, all of which have impacts on agriculture and forestry. Climate change is also predicted to result in more frequent droughts, increased flooding in Hungary, but the relationship between agriculture and climate change is more complex. Climate change has physical effects on farming and farm based wildlife. Agriculture needs to adapt to climate change by exploring, which crops and farming systems are best adapted to the changed conditions. Land management also needs to adapt to preserve biodiversity by protecting valuable habitats and species and helping them in the changing environment. With better management, agriculture and forestry can also mitigate climate change by reducing direct greenhouse gas emissions from land use, land use change and forestry, by producing crops as a source of renewable energy and by protecting carbon stored in soils and in manure. The HRDP comprises of a series of funding based on the following overarching priorities: (i) enhance the environment and countryside, (ii) making agriculture and forestry more competitive and sustainable, (iii) enhancing opportunity in rural areas, whether in the farming sector or the broader rural economy. Actions discussed in this paper are based on the New Hungary Rural Development Programme (2007–2013) and focused on reducing the effects of climate change in rural area. Establishment of agro-forestry systems and integrated pest management help mitigation goals and increase climate change adaptation potential. Minimizing unwanted side effects of agriculture by reducing the use of fertilizer and increasing the safety for environment (soil, water, and air) and human health have positive effects on adaptation potential. Restoration of agricultural production though diversification of agriculture and pastures management, improvement in drain age and irrigation equipment are good examples of adaptation for climate change. Integrated production, which is oriented to controlled cultivation of crops, vine, fruits and vegetables, and improvement of animal rearing conditions to increase production standards and overall welfare are preferred and ecologically sound methods of adaptation.
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Mira-Galvañ, Maria-Jose, i Raquel Gilar-Cobi. "OKAPI, an Emotional Education and Classroom Climate Improvement Program Based on Cooperative Learning: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation". Sustainability 13, nr 22 (13.11.2021): 12559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212559.
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A positive school climate can directly influence the relationships and social interactions among students while also contributing to the development of socio-emotional skills. Simultaneously, the school climate depends on these said skills. Despite this close relationship, emotional education and school climate improvement programmes have traditionally been studied separately. This study describes and evaluates the effectiveness of a new programme, OKAPI (Organisation, Cooperation, Positive Environment, Participation and Emotional Intelligence), for the development of socio-emotional skills and the improvement of classroom climate for primary school students using a cooperative learning methodology. The total sample comprised 86 students aged 9–11 years. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures with a control group was used. The results show that the program’s implementation is effective both for the improvement of the classroom climate and the acquisition of training in the field of emotional intelligence, as well as for the development of cooperative competences. Among the fundamental pillars of the OKAPI programme are its simplicity and transversality, so that teachers are responsible for its application and monitoring; thus, the programme becomes an agent of change in their educational practice.
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Angula, Margaret Ndapewa, Immaculate Mogotsi, Selma Lendelvo, Karl Mutani Aribeb, Aina-Maria Iteta i Jessica P. R. Thorn. "Strengthening Gender Responsiveness of the Green Climate Fund Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Programme in Namibia". Sustainability 13, nr 18 (10.09.2021): 10162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810162.
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Scholars of gender and climate change argue that gender-blind climate change actions could exacerbate existing inequalities and undermine sustained climate change adaptation actions. For this reason, since 2017, the Green Climate Fund placed gender among its key programming prerequisites, making it the first multilateral climate fund to do so worldwide. However, to date, no lessons to inform planned gender-responsive ecosystem-based interventions in Namibia have been drawn from community-based natural resource management. Thus, this paper aims to share key lessons regarding the way in which gender assessment is useful in enhancing equity in an ecosystem-based adaptation programme for the Green Climate Fund. To this end, we conducted in-depth interviews and group discussions in the 14 rural regions of Namibia with 151 participants from 107 community-based natural resource management organisations (73.5:26.5; male:female ratio). The results identified gender imbalances in leadership and decision-making due to intersecting historic inequalities, ethnicity and geography, as well as other socio-cultural factors in local community-based natural resource management institutions. We also identified income disparities and unequal opportunities to diversify livelihoods, gendered differentiated impacts of climate change and meaningful participation in public forums. Overall, the assessment indicates that considering gender analysis at the initiation of a community-based climate change adaptation project is crucial for achieving resilience to climate change, closing the gender gap, building capacity to increase equity and empowering women in resource-dependent environments in Namibia and Sub-Saharan Africa more broadly.
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Zillman, John W. "Australian Participation in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change". Energy & Environment 19, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830508783563145.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 1988 to provide an authoritative assessment of the state of knowledge of climate change science and impacts and to develop realistic strategies for management of the climate change issue. Following the establishment of a separate United Nations Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change and the subsequent signing and entry into force of the Convention, the IPCC reverted to the role of providing policy-neutral but policy-relevant assessments of the contemporary state of knowledge, as contained in the published literature, of the science, impacts and response options for climate change. Australian Government representatives and Australian climate scientists played a major part in the establishment of the IPCC and its operation over the past twenty years including key roles in the preparation of virtually all of its reports. Australia chaired the committee which proposed the structure and membership of the initial IPCC Working Groups, served as Vice-Chair of the Impacts Working Group for the IPCC's First Assessment Report, engaged more national experts in the review of its first assessment of the science of climate change than any other country except the US, has provided almost one hundred Lead Authors and several hundred reviewers for its four major assessments and has served continuously on its coordinating Bureau since its inception. Australian delegations have participated in every formal intergovernmental session of the Panel and its Working Groups and have made a significant contribution to the scientific integrity of the IPCC assessment process.
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Sardaro, Ruggiero, Nicola Faccilongo, Francesco Contò i Piermichele La Sala. "Adaption Actions to Cope with Climate Change: Evidence from Farmers’ Preferences on an Agrobiodiversity Conservation Programme in the Mediterranean Area". Sustainability 13, nr 11 (26.05.2021): 5977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115977.
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The paper investigates the attitude of farmers to participate in an on-farm conservation programme based on the cultivation of vine landraces in Apulia, southern Italy, in place of the current commercial varieties, as an adaptation strategy to climate changes. The results, based on choice experiments and assessed through a latent class model, highlight a general interest of the regional farmers toward the biodiversity-based adaptation programme for coping with climate change. In particular, three classes of respondents were identified: (i) farmers operating on the whole regional territory and willing to cultivate up to 50% of their farm area with up to two landraces and compensation in line with the aid set by the regional rural programme; (ii) winegrowers of the intensive rural areas and willing to cultivate up to 25% of their farm with up to two landraces and a compensation greater than 200% compared to the aid of the regional rural programme; (iii) farmers operating in the intermediate rural areas and willing to cultivate up to 50% of their farm with up to three landraces and a compensation greater than 50% compared to the aid of the regional rural programme. Policymakers should calibrate adaption actions depending on rural areas, since economic, social, cultural, behavioural and cognitive barriers, as well as structural characteristics of farms, impact the farmers’ attitudes toward measures aimed at coping with climate change.
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Furmankiewicz, Marek, Richard J. Hewitt, Andrzej Kapusta i Iga Solecka. "Climate Change Challenges and Community-Led Development Strategies: Do They Fit Together in Fisheries Regions?" Energies 14, nr 20 (13.10.2021): 6614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206614.
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Coastal and terrestrial fisheries communities in Europe, often economically marginalised, are likely to face severe impacts as climate change becomes more acute. Although progress on climate mitigation and adaptation from national governments remains slow, local development actions can also address these impacts from the bottom up. In this paper we analyse the Fisheries and Sea Operational Programme 2014–2020 and 36 Local Development Strategies prepared within the framework of this programme for the case of Poland. The strategies, which were prepared by cross-sectoral, area-based partnerships known as Fisheries Local Action Groups, are analysed using a content analysis approach. The aim was to assess the degree to which local stakeholders sought to address the climate challenge. We found that the mitigation of climate impacts and the development of renewable energy did not feature prominently in the analysed documents, suggesting that both central policymakers and local stakeholders in Polish fisheries regions had a low level of awareness about the climate problem and their potentially important role in addressing it. Transformation to a post-carbon society undoubtedly requires additional, targeted support and extensive educational activities at the local level, in Poland and elsewhere.
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DOBRE, Claudia. "Global trends in aviation – new research directions". INCAS BULLETIN 13, nr 3 (4.09.2021): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.3.19.
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For more than two decades, the aviation world is revolving around one idea: reducing the impact on the environment. Although each action taken now, each strategy, each programme make reference to the decisions taken within the United Nation Conference on Climate Change, in Paris, in 2015, aviation community has recognized the environment and the climate change as a major challenge for aeronautics and air transport since the publication of Vision 2020 (European Commission, [1]) in January 2001. This document set the agenda for the European aeronautics ambition to better serve society’s need and all the Strategic Research Agendas that followed – SRA1 (published in October 2002), SRA 2 (published in October 2004), 2008 Addendum to the SRA and the more recently Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda Vol. 1 and Vol. 2 they all are addressing the “Challenge of environment” in SRA 1 and SRA 2 or in SRIA 1 and 2 identifying one of the big five challenges to 2050 – “Protecting the environment and the energy supply”. The concern for protecting the environment is not new, the only.
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Neale, R. E., P. W. Barnes, T. M. Robson, P. J. Neale, C. E. Williamson, R. G. Zepp, S. R. Wilson i in. "Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020". Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 20, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 1–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43630-020-00001-x.
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AbstractThis assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.
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Zedalis, Rex J., i R. Dobie Langenkamp. "International Comparisons of Energy Use and the Environment: Does It Make Sense to Call on Wind Power?" European Energy and Environmental Law Review 15, Issue 6 (1.06.2006): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2006019.
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By its very nature, the Kyoto Climate Change accord attempts to control greenhouse gas emissions and affect attitudes with regard to both the amount of and methods by which energy is used. Herein, the authors examine the current factual situation concerning comparative energy intensity positions of the world’s major energy consuming regions and their corresponding contributions to carbon dioxide levels. In view of the environmental and economic reasons for improving energy use figures and controlling carbon dioxide emissions, one much talked about alternative energy source has been wind power. The direct greenhouse gas benefits of the electrical energy produced by wind power seem beyond dispute. Nonetheless, it is suggested that the distinct problems associated with looking in wind’s direction for providing assistance on the environmental front present issues that serious policymakers must candidly confront before embarking on any major deployment programme.
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Sekisov, Aleksandr, Svetlana Ovchinnikova i Elena Schneider. "Challenges and prospects for energy efficiency development in residential buildings". E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338906009.
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The multifamily housing stock in Russia has a high degree of wear and tear, low energy efficiency, and inadequate maintenance, which leads to over-consumption of energy resources. High energy intensity is related to the fact that energy equipment is obsolete, high heat and energy losses during transportation occur, energy is spent by enterprises and population unreasonably, buildings and constructions have high heat losses. The main reasons for the efficient use of energy in the building sector is to reduce the heating and hot water costs of building owners, improve the indoor climate of buildings, save taxpayers' money in order to use the saved funds in other areas, introduce energy efficient and renewable energy technologies, improve the air quality, reduce the negative impact on the environment and climate change Based on the above mentioned, the article examines the aspects of energy efficiency of residential buildings, namely identifying the problems of energy efficiency, the main parameters of the state programme of energy efficiency of residential and public buildings. An example of potential incentives, comprehensive and reasonable use of incentives, which can change the current situation in the shortest possible time, is presented.
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Ross, Helen, Jennifer A. Rudd, R. Lyle Skains i Ruth Horry. "How Big Is My Carbon Footprint? Understanding Young People’s Engagement with Climate Change Education". Sustainability 13, nr 4 (11.02.2021): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041961.
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This paper presents a new engagement model for climate change education (CCE) as a result of analysing interactive digital narratives (IDNs) created during the You and CO2 Climate Change Education Programme. Young people aged 13–15 from two schools in Wales participated in three workshops, which culminated in students producing IDNs about climate change using Twine storytelling software. An inductive, grounded-theory approach informed by Bourdieusien principles of habitus and value was used to explore students’ responses to the Programme. Stage 1 coding identified ‘Core Themes’ and located student responses along tri-axial continua showing engagement, agency, and power. Stage 2 coding combined ‘Core Themes’ to build upon Cantell et al.’s 2019 Bicycle Model of Climate Change Education to create a new ‘holistic Agentic Climate-Change Engagement’ model (h-ACE), where learners’ journeys towards full engagement with and understanding of CCE and action could be traced. Barriers to students’ engagement with and understanding of CCE were identified through Bourdieusien analysis of responses. Results show that engagement was related to children’s views on their capacity to effect change on individual, local and governmental levels. The h-ACE provides a model for adjusting CCE curricula to accommodate young people’s varying cultures and views.
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Tamrakar, Rabindra Man. "Consolidation of Stakeholders' Initiatives to Mitigate Adverse Impacts of Climate Change in Nepalese Context". Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 12 (31.10.2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v12i0.9067.
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Although Nepal contributes very low emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) compared to the developed nations, it is the fourth most vulnerable country in the world due to the effects of climate change. These effects have already lead to more natural disasters, loss of biodiversity, increase in mountain snow melt, uncertainty in precipitation, shortage of food, water and energy etc. resulting in devastating impacts on the life of people living in both mountain and plain areas. Climate change therefore is the vital issue in the country. Understanding the potential impacts of climate change, Government of Nepal since last two decades has taken significant initiatives in response to the effects of climate change including the participations in international conventions, the approval of Climate Change National Policy 2067 (2010), and establishment of a high level Climate Change Council (CCC) under the chairmanship of the Rt. Hon'ble Prime Minister of Nepal. In addition, The Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MoEST), being the National Designated Authority (DNA) in Nepal for United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has executed several programmes and projects related to mitigation and adaptation of climate change effects including Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects and National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). International Nongovernmental Organizations such as UNFCCC, DANIDA, DFID, UNEP, UNDP, UN-HABITAT, World Bank, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Asian Development Bank (ADB) etc. as well have carried out numerous climate change projects and activities in Nepal in conjunction with various government agencies.Studies have revealed that the major sources of GHGs are from the burning of fossil fuel (75%), land use changes (20%), and other sources (5%). It has also been postulated that the effects of climate change can be significantly reduced through the implementation of land use policy and activities. Ministry of Land Reform and Management (MoLRM), Government of Nepal (GoN) is the central agency in Nepal dealing with the formulation and implementation of land related policies and activities in the country. MoLRM has commenced to formulate the National Land Policy and has planned to complete it at the end of fiscal year 069/70. This policy will definitely assist in mitigating the effects of climate change in the country. Another essential policy for the mitigation of the impacts of climate change in the country is National Land Use Policy which was prepared by MoLRM and has been approved by GoN in 2012, but it is yet to be implemented. One of the important policies that it has focussed on for the mitigation of climate change effects is to increase the present forest coverage to 40% of the total area of the country while protecting the government land by forestation and plantation programmes on degraded lands. Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -12, 2070 (2013AD): 1-9
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Khan, Farhan Manzoor Ahmed. "Occupant monitoring for facility management using Radio Frequency Identification". Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, nr 2010 (1.01.2010): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.20.
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Mankind’s rapidly increasing advancements in different industrial sectors demand a great price of environmental impact and climate change in return, specifically in the buildings and construction industry. The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption worldwide are buildings, estimated to account for almost 48% of all such emissions. Energy-related Carbon Dioxide (CO2) counts for about 82% of all greenhouse gases emitted by human activities. This total energy consumption translates to approximately 3.5 Billion Euros per annum. According to a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, the right mix of appropriate government regulations, greater use of energy-saving technologies and user behavioural changes can substantially reduce CO2 emissions from buildings. The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive places an onus on all EU member states to rate the energy performance of buildings in a Building Energy Rating certificate which is effectively an energy label required at the point of rental ...
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Bryden, Harry L., Carol Robinson i Gwyn Griffiths. "Changing currents: a strategy for understanding and predicting the changing ocean circulation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, nr 1980 (13.12.2012): 5461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0397.
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Within the context of UK marine science, we project a strategy for ocean circulation research over the next 20 years. We recommend a focus on three types of research: (i) sustained observations of the varying and evolving ocean circulation, (ii) careful analysis and interpretation of the observed climate changes for comparison with climate model projections, and (iii) the design and execution of focused field experiments to understand ocean processes that are not resolved in coupled climate models so as to be able to embed these processes realistically in the models. Within UK-sustained observations, we emphasize smart, cost-effective design of the observational network to extract maximum information from limited field resources. We encourage the incorporation of new sensors and new energy sources within the operational environment of UK-sustained observational programmes to bridge the gap that normally separates laboratory prototype from operational instrument. For interpreting the climate-change records obtained through a variety of national and international sustained observational programmes, creative and dedicated UK scientists should lead efforts to extract the meaningful signals and patterns of climate change and to interpret them so as to project future changes. For the process studies, individual scientists will need to work together in team environments to combine observational and process modelling results into effective improvements in the coupled climate models that will lead to more accurate climate predictions.
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Patrick, Rebecca, i Jonathan Kingsley. "Health promotion and sustainability programmes in Australia: barriers and enablers to evaluation". Global Health Promotion 26, nr 2 (23.08.2017): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975917715038.
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In an era characterised by the adverse impacts of climate change and environmental degradation, health promotion programmes are beginning to actively link human health with environmental sustainability imperatives. This paper draws on a study of health promotion and sustainability programmes in Australia, providing insights to evaluation approaches being used and barriers and enablers to these evaluations. The study was based on a multi-strategy research involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. Health promotion practitioners explained through surveys and semi-structured interviews that they focused on five overarching health and sustainability programme types (healthy and sustainable food, active transport, energy efficiency, contact with nature, and capacity building). Various evaluation methods and indicators (health, social, environmental, economic and demographic) were identified as being valuable for monitoring and evaluating health and sustainability programmes. Findings identified several evaluation enablers such as successful community engagement, knowledge of health and sustainability issues and programme champions, whereas barriers included resource constraints and competing interests. This paper highlights the need for ecological models and evaluation tools to support the design and monitoring of health promotion and sustainability programmes.
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Mees, Heleen-Lydeke P., i Peter P. J. Driessen. "Adaptation to climate change in urban areas: Climate-greening London, Rotterdam, and Toronto". Climate Law 2, nr 2 (2011): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/cl-2011-036.
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This article aims to gain insight into the governance capacity of cities to adapt to climate change through urban green planning, which we will refer to as climate-greening. The use of green space is considered a no-regrets adaptation strategy, since it not only absorbs rainfall and moderates temperature, but simultaneously can contribute to the sustainable development of urban areas. However, green space competes with other socio-economic interests that also require space. Urban planning can mediate among competing demands for land use, and, as such, is potentially useful for the governance of adaptation. Through an in-depth case study of three frontrunners in adaptation planning (London, Rotterdam, and Toronto), the governance capacity for climate-greening urban areas is analysed and compared. The framework we have developed utilizes five sub-capacities: legal, managerial, political, resource, and learning. The overall conclusion from the case studies is that the legal and political subcapacities are the strongest. The resource and learning sub-capacities are relatively weak, but offer considerable growth potential. The managerial sub-capacity is constrained by compartmentalization and institutional fragmentation, two key barriers to governance capacity. These are effectively blocking the mainstreaming of adaptation in urban planning. The biggest opportunities to enhance governance capacity lie in the integration of adaptation considerations into urban-planning processes, the establishment of links between adaptation and mitigation policies, investment in training programmes for staff and stakeholders in adaptation planning, and providing infrastructure for learning processes.
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Biesbroek, Robbert, Judith Klostermann, Catrien Termeer i Pavel Kabat. "Barriers to climate change adaptation in the Netherlands". Climate Law 2, nr 2 (2011): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/cl-2011-033.
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Review of recent literature on adaptation to climate change and general literature on policy processes shows that there are a large number of barriers that hamper the development and implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. To reduce and manage the number of barriers and combine both streams of literature, we propose seven clusters of barriers to adaptation. Little is known, however, about the relative importance of these barriers to climate change adaptation policies and practices. An online survey was conducted between March 2010 and July 2010 among 264 scientists, policymakers, and private actors from different sectors and levels who are involved in climate change adaptation projects and programmes in the Netherlands. The survey aimed to gather their experiences with, and perceptions of, the barriers identified in the literature and encountered in their daily work. Both climate-related and non-climate-related barriers were included in the survey. Data were subjected to both qualitative and quantitative analysis. A survey feedback workshop was organized to discuss the results with several of the survey respondents. Results of this study revealed that respondents considered conflicting timescales as the most important cluster of barriers to adaptation. Other highly ranked barriers include conflicting interests; lack of financial resources; unclear division of tasks and responsibilities; uncertain societal costs and future benefits; and fragmentation within and between scales of governance. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated that scales matter in understanding the barriers to adaptation: actors from lowlevels of governance seem to consider the barriers as more severe than actors from high levels of governance.
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Busayo, Emmanuel Tolulope, i Ahmed Mukalazi Kalumba. "Coastal Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Review of Policy, Programme and Practice for Sustainable Planning Outcomes". Sustainability 12, nr 16 (11.08.2020): 6450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166450.
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Climate change and disaster risk are serious concerns considering the vulnerability of coastal areas and cities to various climate-disaster threats. Hence, the urban populace and planning stakeholders are grappling with the challenges of seeking ways to integrate adaptation measures into human livelihoods and planning systems. However, the synergy between climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) remains fragmented and vague. Therefore, this review highlighted recent theoretical and practical methodologies for sustainable planning outcomes in relation to CCA and DRR themes. This paper provides a new model, Problem analysis model (PAM), designed to analyse Origin–Cause–Effect (impacts)–Risks identification and Answers to climate-related disaster at the local or community level. Lastly, three identified enablers were extensively discussed (policy, programme and practice) as a step towards the model implementation and to improve sustainable planning outcomes.
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Sureeyatanapas, Panitas, Kanittha Yodprang i Viganda Varabuntoonvit. "Drivers, Barriers and Benefits of Product Carbon Footprinting: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Thai Manufacturers". Sustainability 13, nr 12 (8.06.2021): 6543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126543.
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Emerging strategies to respond to public awareness of the environment include carbon emission reporting and labelling. In Thailand, however, only a small proportion of manufacturers have implemented carbon footprint programmes, and some have decided not to continue the programme after their labels expired. This situation mirrors that of many developing countries. This study aims to investigate the factors that drive the implementation of the footprint programme and obstacles that may hinder its long-term implementation. Benefits gained from this programme are also explored. A questionnaire was sent to companies that were or have been certified for the Thai carbon footprint label. Interviews with experts were also conducted to supplement the survey data. According to the statistical analysis, companies expected the carbon footprint programme to enhance their green image, increase their sales and reduce costs. However, benefits derived only in terms of the company’s image, employee development and satisfaction, and production costs returned, while no sales and marketing benefits were evident. The lack of social awareness of the label and of the climate change issue was the most significant challenge the implementers faced, as its rating scores were significantly higher than those of other barriers. Small companies also encountered difficulties due to the required initial investment. This study provides insight into the reasons many developing countries fail to pursue carbon labelling programmes. These issues have not yet been clarified by previous studies. The findings can help prospective companies overcome potential barriers and facilitate their strategic decision making. They can also help governments to develop appropriate policies to promote the carbon footprint label and enhance national sustainability.
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Valente, Bernardo, i Eduardo Medeiros. "The Impacts of EU Cohesion Policy on Sustainable Tourism: The Case of POSEUR in Algarve". Sustainability 14, nr 19 (5.10.2022): 12672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912672.
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Sustainable tourism is a main priority of European Union policies, with the aim of mitigating the potential harmful consequences of this sector on a given territory. The main research goal of this article is to better understand the impact of the public investments financed via EU Cohesion Policy in the tourism sector in the Portuguese Algarve NUT2. This paper focuses on the Portuguese Operational Programme for Sustainability and Efficient Use of Resources (POSEUR 20142020), which was an operational programme of a Portuguese framework to implement EU Cohesion Policy funds in Portugal between 2014 and 2020, and was specifically focused on supporting sustainable development processes. The sustainability performance of POSEUR in the Algarve was evaluated in five different dimensions of analysis: (1) low-emissions economy, (2) adaptation to climate change, (3) risk prevention and management, (4) environmental protection, and (5) resource efficiency. The results showed that POSEUR had a low impact in almost all dimensions in the Algarve, apart from the adaptation to climate change dimension, which exhibits a high impact score, mostly due to the support given for carrying out the Plans for Adaptation to Climate Change (PAAC).
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Annette, Lucy. "Supporting research and innovation". Impact 2021, nr 8 (28.10.2021): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.8.34.
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At the third Research and Innovation Day, which took place in June 2021, Mariya Gabriel, EC Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth, stated: 'Our ambition is to build a renewed innovation policy that provides smart investments for scaling up companies, new forms of financial instruments and how to best exploit synergies between EU, national and regional funds.' Cross-border cooperation is key to overcoming challenges such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic and, as such, the recently released Communication on Global Approach for Research and Innovation document defines a global strategy for cooperation with other countries and entities. A key focus for Horizon Europe is on improving health, mobility, energy efficiency and food security, as well as tackling climate change and preserving cultural heritage. The programme encompasses diverse instruments for covering a range of projects, an extended duration and an increased budget. In order to be as impactful as possible, Horizon Europe collaborates with other European programmes and Gabriel believes that public-private cooperation is another tool that can be used to maximise the impact of the programme. For example, she said that collaborating with industry is key to overcoming technological challenges such as the development of clean Hydrogen or High Performance Computing. The development of a flexible and collaborative innovation ecosystem that involves the input of diverse stakeholders is a key part of Horizon Europe's strategy. A key word here is synergy and this includes synergies at all levels, between policies, programmes and instruments.
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Webb, Janette. "Society and a low-carbon future: individual behaviour change or new social values and priorities?" Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103, nr 2 (lipiec 2012): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691013000054.
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ABSTRACTAlthough Scottish and UK governments have ambitious targets for climate change mitigation, and there is increased understanding of the risks to future prosperity of fossil fuel energy dependence, limited practical progress has been made by the advanced economies in reducing carbon emissions, especially when embedded emissions in imported consumer goods are taken into account. Significant contributory factors are the social and cultural values, beliefs and practices, which result in risks of climate change being regarded as secondary to short-term pressures for economic growth and increased consumer spending. The result is that climate change and transition to a low-carbon society become ‘back of the mind’ issues. Current policy designed to lower carbon emissions from household consumption treats society as a series of individuals, each responding rationally to market incentives to maximise short-term personal gain. ‘Greener choices’ are incentivised and encouraged by social marketing, but, at best, this approach will achieve only very gradual change. An alternative model treats society as comprising historically evolving, dynamic social systems and cultures that are capable of dealing with transformational change, when there is a shared understanding of the reasons for acting. From this perspective, society can implement step changes in behaviour through collaborative action in the interests of the longer-term common good. Political momentum can be gathered for new legislative and/or taxation measures, as for example in the case of the strong programme for tobacco control legislation in Scotland and the UK. By focusing on social and technical infrastructures, the built environment, and the regeneration of local economies, rather than on individual behaviours, government investment can have far greater impact. A distinctively Scottish narrative for a low-carbon society can create momentum for transition through shared understanding of the risks of climate change, and its meanings for social life, cultures, economic relationships and values.
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Guzmán, Odette, Edgar Mendoza, Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek i Rodolfo Silva. "Effects of Climate-Change-Related Phenomena on Coastal Ecosystems in the Mexican Caribbean". Sustainability 15, nr 15 (6.08.2023): 12042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151512042.
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The intensity of climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems is determined by a combination of global, regional, and local drivers. However, many studies on the impact of climate change on ecosystems only consider trends associated with global changes. To assess the global, regional, and local trends, this research analyzes different climates in the coastal zone of the Mexican Caribbean. These drivers include sea level rise in synergy with tectonic activity, sea surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, waves and winds. Marine climate variability from 1980 to 2020 was assessed from historical records by local/governmental agencies and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting. An up-to-date diagnosis of local changes of the coastal ecosystems was made, the magnitudes of change differ from the global means, which must be considered when identifying local climate change impacts. Coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves, coastal dunes, sandy beaches and seagrass meadows, showed no changes consistent with geophysical drivers associated with climate change. The exception was coral reefs, where increasing SST is related to coral bleaching. Regional and local anthropic drivers or disturbances other than those related to climate change, including eutrophication, massive influxes of the brown algae Sargasso and changes in land use, induced degradation of the coastal ecosystems. Communities often do not have the capacity to cope with global climate change, but the main impacts on coastal ecosystems in the coastal zone studied were induced by regional and local drivers/disturbances that can be better managed using monitoring programmes and specific management strategies. Climate change induces pressures on coastal ecosystems that affect their functioning, physiology and species distribution; therefore, this study highlights the need to understand how climate-change-related phenomena will affect ecosystems and which geophysical drivers may have priority effects. It also highlights the importance of developing robust regional/local databases to enable stakeholders to diagnose the state of coastal ecosystems and to monitor the effectiveness of actions to prevent or reverse undesirable changes.
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TOL, RICHARD S. J. "Emission abatement versus development as strategies to reduce vulnerability to climate change: an application of FUND". Environment and Development Economics 10, nr 5 (październik 2005): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x05002354.
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Poorer countries are generally believed to be more vulnerable to climate change than richer countries because poorer countries are more exposed and have less adaptive capacity. This suggests that, in principle, there are two ways of reducing vulnerability to climate change: economic growth and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Using a complex climate change impact model, in which development is an important determinant of vulnerability, the hypothesis is tested whether development aid is more effective in reducing impacts than is emission abatement. The hypothesis is barely rejected for Asia but strongly accepted for Latin America and, particularly, Africa. The explanation for the difference is that development (aid) reduces vulnerabilities in some sectors (infectious diseases, water resources, agriculture) but increases vulnerabilities in others (cardiovascular diseases, energy consumption). However, climate change impacts are much higher in Latin America and Africa than in Asia, so that money spent on emission reduction for the sake of avoiding impacts in developing countries is better spent on vulnerability reduction in those countries. His last big project in a long career, Jan Feenstra managed the Netherlands Climate Change Assistance Programme through which the Dutch Government sponsors climate change research in developing countries. He hated how climate change detracted from what he considered to be the real issues. This paper is dedicated to his memory.
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Johannes Mokoele, Ngoako. "Urban Resilience and the Complexity of Climatic Risk Management in the City of Polokwane, Limpopo Province". African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 13, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2023/v13n1a3.
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Abstract The unprecedented rate of urbanisation has changed the South African urban landscape. The densification of the population in cities has resulted in high consumption of electricity, waste production, a reduction of greenery, and traffic congestion, all of which contribute to climate change. South Africa promulgated legislations and acts such as the Spatial Planning and Land-Use Management Act (SPLUMA), the National Urban Development Framework (NUDF), and the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) to guide climate change adaptation and mitigation aspirations. These frameworks and plans are important for the management of urbanisation, which potentially contributes to climate change. Complexity theory is a lens for reviewing complex systems like urbanisation and cities. Complexity theory gives a thorough account of cities, urbanisation, and urban planning. The method that was adopted for the paper is a mixed-method approach. The data were collected by interviewing and administering questionnaires to municipal officials and residents of four urban areas (Legae la Batho, Emdo Park, Serala View, and Flora Park). Results show that the local municipality continues to be plagued with a lack of qualified personnel to implement policies that affect programme implementation, such as energy mix. Additionally, the City of Polokwane has been experiencing a reduction of green spaces, which has a negative impact on the climate change aspiration. The paper concludes that there are still challenges to a fully capacitated workforce within the Polokwane Local Municipality. The inability to implement policies has deleterious effects on climate change mitigation.
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Nor Diana, Mohd Idris, Nurul Atikah Zulkepli, Chamhuri Siwar i Muhd Ridzuan Zainol. "Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Literature Review". Sustainability 14, nr 6 (19.03.2022): 3639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063639.
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This systematic review focuses on the relationship between the factors of adaptation strategies and the impact of climate change among farmers in Southeast Asia. Climate change, a phenomenon that occurs over many years, has affected the lives of farmers in the agricultural sector. Therefore, it is essential to analyse the factors that affect farmers’ decisions to determine their ability to adapt to climate change and maintain their livelihoods. As such, the present study examines farmers’ understanding of climate change and its impact on adaptation strategies in Southeast Asia. Approximately 15 related studies were found based on a systematic review of the repositories from Scopus and the Web of Sciences using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Hence, the paper delineates five key themes: (1) sociodemographic factors, (2) physical capital, (3) assistance, (4) information, and (5) social networking. Therefore, the results underlining the determinant factors, such as income, household members, farm size, land, number of workers, access to information, education, experiences, training, support from agencies, and social networks, influence the adaptation strategies among Southeast Asian farmers. This systematic review study emphasises information accessibility, education, training, and income as the most important factors for developing adaptation strategies for farmers to deal with climate change, rather than programme, internet usage, relatives, and the number of workers. Finally, combining the main factors can promote technological advancement for farmers who rely on agriculture as their main source of income and help farmers deal with climate variability to sustain their livelihood.
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Garcia-Mila, Merce, Andrea Miralda-Banda, Jose Luna, Ana Remesal, Núria Castells i Sandra Gilabert. "Change in Classroom Dialogicity to Promote Cultural Literacy across Educational Levels". Sustainability 13, nr 11 (4.06.2021): 6410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116410.
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In a highly diverse world, cultural literacy is an essential tool for living together in harmony, and dialogic teaching may be a way to promote and develop it among children and adolescents. We define cultural literacy as a set of attitudes (inclusion, tolerance, and empathy) and skills (dialogic argumentation) needed to understand others in our everyday lives. This paper focuses on the effect of a professional development programme to promote dialogue and argumentation to help children and adolescents overcome pre-existing stereotypes and prejudices and foster students’ participation in discussions that contrast divergent viewpoints. This was done through debates on social responsibility issues, living together, and belonging as presented in books and short films addressing the following topics: citizenship, the celebration of diversity, democracy, globalisation, human rights, cooperation, sustainable development, and climate change. After the professional development programme was implemented, we video-recorded two of the 15 student–teacher interaction sessions during the project’s implementation (session #3 and session #8). We analysed the data using a validated coding scheme across three educational levels (three preschool, four primary school, and four secondary school classrooms). We observed moderate gains in secondary education and preschool, but statistically significant gains in primary education.
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Haupt, Patrycja, i Elena Douvlou. "Interior: A Meeting Place for Cultures and Generations". Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, nr 42 (czerwiec 2023): 102–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.23.008.17809.
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The contemporary housing environment in Europe is changing dynamically, influenced by factors related to the struggle against climate change and adverse demographic phenomena. The pace of change has also increased in response to the challenges posed by the pandemic, conflicts and the energy crisis. These reasons have started a process of change in the approach to the design of residential areas, directing the attention of designers towards meeting the needs linked to creating housing architecture that implements the postulates of connection to nature, inclusivity in response to cultural diversity, and sustainable design by extending the residential space to include rooms or facilities with a different use. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to diagnose the factors that influence the creation of an interior space that is conducive to intergenerational and intercultural integration. The study was carried out under the FRSE, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway grants programme (EOG/21/K4/W/0048W/0175). By assessing the elements of an interior’s composition, the factors that exclude as well as activate its space were examined, as were the spatial conditions that affect building its place-based identity and which influence its activation. The study’s conclusions are illustrated using projects prepared by second-year, first-cycle students at the Faculty of Architecture of the Cracow University of Technology, enrolled in Architecture and Architecture in English programmes.
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Vokony, I., G. M. Péter, P. Sőrés i B. Hartmann. "One Network for Europe – Scalability and Replicability in View of Harmonised Electricity Markets". Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, nr 1 (lipiec 2023): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.290.
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Renewable energy production is mentioned by many as one of the key factors in mitigating the effects of climate change. However, there may be several downsides to the spread of renewables, such as their impact on the balance of the electricity system and on receiving networks. The project OneNet (One Network for Europe) is funded through the EU’s eighth Framework Programme Horizon 2020. It is titled “TSO – DSO (TransmissionDistribution System Operator) Consumer: Large-scale demonstrations of innovative grid services through demand response, storage and small-scale (Renewable Energy Source) generation” and responds to the call “Building a low-carbon, climate resilient future”. While the electrical grid is moving from being a fully centralized to a highly decentralized system, grid operators must adapt to this changing environment and adjust their current business model to accommodate faster reactions and adaptive flexibility. This is an unprecedented challenge requiring an unprecedented solution. Thus, the two major associations of grid operators in Europe, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) and European Distribution System Operators (EDSO), have activated their members to establish a unique consortium.
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Batchelor, Simon, Ed Brown, Nigel Scott, Matthew Leach, Anna Clements i Jon Leary. "Mutual Support—Modern Energy Planning Inclusive of Cooking—A Review of Research into Action in Africa and Asia since 2018". Energies 15, nr 16 (10.08.2022): 5805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165805.
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This paper is a review of research undertaken, and subsequent policy change enacted, in the years 2018 to 2022 regarding the integration of cooking loads and needs into modern energy planning. Building on an earlier paper which described how the dominant global approaches to tackling the enduring problem of biomass-fuelled cooking was failing, and how a new UK Aid programme (Oct 2018) would be seeking to intentionally change international energy policy towards cooking and enable a significant transition in energy use, in this paper we review whether this strategy is being adopted by researchers, governments, and the private sector across the world and whether it is likely to make a significant contribution to the fulfilment of Sustainable Development Goal 7. In particular, the call is for integrated planning of modern energy inclusive of cooking loads—the potential ‘Mutual Support’ that both can lend to each other. The review considers the international commitments made by donors and governments to this end, the research that positions the use of modern energy as a cost-effective proposition, the urbanisation and societal changes reinforcing such planning, and positions the review in the light of climate change and the need to reach net zero carbon by 2050.
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Thompson, Bruce, i Bernard Obika. "Advancing Applied Research in High Volume Transport in Low-Income Countries in Africa and South Asia". Sustainability 12, nr 10 (16.05.2020): 4088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104088.
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The Department for International Development (DFID) is funding the High Volume Transport (HVT) Applied Research Programme. This programme is an integral component of the UK response to delivering transport and mobility that is accessible, efficient, safe, and green in the low-income countries (LICs) in Africa and South Asia. The first part of the HVT programme produced an up-to-date and comprehensive state of knowledge on high volume transport in these countries. This Special Issue presents a selection of papers to cover key research priorities identified in road and rail transport, low carbon transport, and gender and inclusive transport. The state of knowledge has produced a sound basis for setting priorities for applied research in the second part of the programme. Applied research is directed to delivering high volume transport that contributes to economic growth and social development, and that is more resilient to the impact of climate change in LICs in Africa and South Asia.
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Kowalska, Natalia, Ewelina Brodawka, Adam Smoliński i Katarzyna Zarębska. "The European Education Initiative as a Mitigation Mechanism for Energy Transition". Energies 15, nr 18 (10.09.2022): 6633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186633.
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The transformation of the European energy sector is becoming a priority for the European Union. This is indicated, for instance, in the European Union strategy known as the European Green Deal. According to the Green Deal, the area of ‘research and innovation’ is one which can counteract climate change. Universities can play a significant role in this by adopting a pedagogical approach aimed at mobilizing the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship in young professionals. In addition to modifying curricula related to mining, energy, and environmental engineering, i.e., activities in recognized, traditional schemes, one prospective tool may be the involvement of students and PhD candidates in European initiatives such as the InnoEnergy PhD School (which is funded by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology). This paper aims to discuss the InnoEnergy PhD School programme as a possible instrument for mitigating the negative effects of energy transformation. The article analyzes the programme using a case study method, including surveys and open interviews. The paper draws attention to and highlights the role of human resources in the field of education and the stimulation of innovation, as well as the need to strengthen the business component in the education of PhD candidates.
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Pathak, Anshul. "India\'s Administrative Training for Civil Servants Includes Environmental Sustainability". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 3 (31.03.2022): 654–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40373.
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Abstract: There is no way to anticipate what India's environmental impact will be in the next years. It is undeniable that climate change has had an impact on India in terms of difficult climatic conditions, availability of water and energy, agricultural challenges, natural disasters, and other factors. India is particularly vulnerable to climate change due to the fact that it is a major source of carbon dioxide emissions. According to the objectives of this study article, the causes for the lack of environmental sustainability as an intrinsic structure of the environment in administrative training colleges in India will be identified and explored in this article. In order to be effective, an environmental manual for training officers must be wellorganized and put into effect immediately rather than later in the future. During the United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP-26), India committed to increasing renewable energy generation to 500 gigatonnes (GW) by 2030. Promoting solar energy, on the other hand, involves the provision of subsidies for domestic solar panel makers, which has prompted solar panel manufacturers in the United States to submit objections with the WTO. During such times, the task of senior civil servants involved in policymaking across a wide range of ministries and departments becomes more complex than it has ever been. Indian civil service training has traditionally focused on teaching administrative principles and legal requirements, filing-drafting abilities, the fundamentals of public administration, and more recently, computer training and e-governance to civil servants in the country. As part of this effort, the article seeks to emphasise the need of environmental sustainability training for public employees during their foundational pre-service training, mid-service training, and executive training development programmes for senior bureaucrats and officials. The purpose is to gain a better understanding of the existing condition of administrative training in India, including how much emphasis is placed on environmental sustainability and what additional curricular modules and programmes are required. Keywords: Climate change, Pollution, Sustainable Environment, Administrative Mechanism, District Training Institute (DTI), Disaster Management, Skill Training
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Mugari, Ephias, Hillary Masundire i Maitseo Bolaane. "Adapting to Climate Change in Semi-Arid Rural Areas: A Case of the Limpopo Basin Part of Botswana". Sustainability 12, nr 20 (9.10.2020): 8292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208292.
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Climate change and anthropogenic pressure are increasingly modifying and interfering with ecosystem functions and limiting the delivery of ecosystem products, livelihoods, and adaptive response capacity in many developing countries. We identify measures by which local people in the semi-arid Limpopo Basin part of Botswana are responding to climate change and fluctuations in ecosystem products and examine socio-economic attributes of households influencing their adoption and discuss their adequacy. Our study used a case study of Bobirwa sub-district and employed key informant and household interviews to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze textural data from key informant interviews while frequencies, proportions, and Chi-squared tests were used to analyze the adoption of different strategies. A multinomial logit (MNL) regression was used to analyze the influence of several social, demographic, and economic attributes of households on household adaptation choices. We attributed the high adoption of on-farm adaptations to the simultaneous influence of more severe droughts and the free input support through the government’s Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture (ISPAAD). Our findings suggest that current adaptations were inadequate and implementation of the ISPAAD programme required fine-tuning to be more effective. Results of the MNL regression provide critical information on the barriers and enablers of adaptation in the sub-district yet offer important entry points for improving current adaptations. Therefore, the government needs to put measures that encourage investments in the processing of ecosystem products in rural areas to broaden the livelihood base and possibly reduce overdependence on rainfed agriculture. However, the extent to which this can be achieved depends on the level of government commitment to supporting local initiatives to addressing the climate change threat.
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Muringai, Rodney Tatenda, Paramu Mafongoya i Romano Trent Lottering. "Climate Change Perceptions, Impacts and Adaptation Strategies: Insights of Fishers in Zambezi River Basin, Zimbabwe". Sustainability 14, nr 6 (15.03.2022): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063456.
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The Zambezi River Basin is considered to be highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and adverse weather events, which might cause serious environmental, economic, and social consequences for millions of people. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how natural resource-dependent people perceive climate change, and how they adapt to the changes, as it is very important for climate change adaptation policy formulation and its implementation. Therefore, this study seeks to assess fishers perceptions of climate change, its impacts on fishery resources and livelihoods, and their adaptation strategies. Data were collected from 120 fishers in two basins (Binga and Kariba) along the shores of Lake Kariba using a mixed-method research approach. Meteorological data were obtained from the Meteorological Department Services of Zimbabwe (MSDZ). The findings show that fishers of Lake Kariba have observed changes in temperature and rainfall trends. Fishers believe that the perceived changes of the climatic variables have led to a decline in fish productivity and fish catches. To cope with declining fish stocks and catches, fishers have adopted several adaptation strategies, including changing fishing gear, targeting new fish species, and increasing fishing efforts. These study findings help to set a path towards local specific climate change adaptation strategies for small-scale fishers. This study provided relevant information for policy makers and fisheries stewards to formulate appropriate policies and programmes aimed at enhancing fishers adaptation to climate change and promote sustainable fisheries.
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Miškinis, Vaclovas, Arvydas Galinis, Inga Konstantinavičiūtė, Vidas Lekavičius i Eimantas Neniškis. "The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Dynamics of Energy-Related GHG Emissions in the Baltic States". Sustainability 13, nr 18 (13.09.2021): 10215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810215.
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The deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) is an essential strategic objective of sustainable energy development in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Their growing contribution to the total primary energy supply can significantly facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. The paper provides findings from an in-depth comparative analysis of RES deployment trends during 2010–2019 in the Baltic countries in the context of energy policy documents of the European Union (EU). The dynamics of targeted RES indicators according to the Renewables Directive 2009/28/EC and National Programmes and the role of renewable energies in mitigating climate change are analysed. A key role of the heating and cooling sector in deploying RES is highlighted and a necessity to implement radical changes in the transport sector of the Baltic countries is revealed. The paper examines changes in energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the impact of driving factors in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and other countries of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). The Kaya identity and the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method are used for the decomposition analysis. Based on the analysis conducted, the impact of population change, economic growth, decline of energy intensity, RES deployment and reduction of emission intensity on change of GHG emissions in countries of the BSR and, on average, in the EU-27 during 2010–2019 is revealed.
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Rolle, Matteo, Stefania Tamea i Pierluigi Claps. "Climate-driven trends in agricultural water requirement: an ERA5-based assessment at daily scale over 50 years". Environmental Research Letters 17, nr 4 (15.03.2022): 044017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac57e4.
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Abstract The impact of climate variability on the water requirements of crops is a key issue in a globalized world with unprecedented population and unevenly distributed water resources. Changes of hydro-climatic forcings may have significant impacts on water resources use, considering the possible effects on irrigation requirements and crop water stress. In this work, a comprehensive estimation of crop water requirements over the 1970–2019 period is presented, considering 26 main agricultural products over a 5 arcmin resolution global grid. The assessment is based on a daily-scale hydrological model considering rainfed and irrigated scenarios, driven by hydro-climatic forcings derived from ERA5, the most recent climate reanalysis product within the Climate Change Service of the Copernicus Programme. Results show the heterogeneous impact of climate variability on harvested areas of the world, quantified by water stressed days and irrigation requirement rates. Increases of irrigation requirement rates were found on more than 60% of irrigated lands, especially in regions like South Europe, North-East China, West US, Brazil and Australia, where the mean rate increased more than 100 mm yr−1 from 1970s to 2010s. The daily analysis of water requirements shows that crops require significantly more days of irrigation per season, especially in Europe, Africa and South-East Asia. Statistically significant trends of water stress duration were found over 38% of rainfed croplands, while only 6% of croplands has been affected by negative trends and shorter stress duration, mainly in India, Malaysia, North Europe and coastal regions of central western Africa.
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Afuye, Gbenga Abayomi, Ahmed Mukalazi Kalumba i Israel Ropo Orimoloye. "Characterisation of Vegetation Response to Climate Change: A Review". Sustainability 13, nr 13 (29.06.2021): 7265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137265.
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Climate change extreme events have consequential impacts that influence the responses of vegetation dynamics as well as ecosystem functioning and sustainable human well-being. Therefore, vegetation response to climate change (VRCC) needs to be explored to foster specific-organised management programmes towards ecological conservation and targeted restoration policy to various climate extreme threats. This review aimed to explore the existing literature to characterise VRCC and to identify solutions and techniques fundamental in designing strategies for targeted effective adaptation and mitigation to achieve sustainable planning outcomes. Accordingly, this review emphasised recent theoretical and practical research on the vegetation-climate responses and their related impacts in the wake of climate change and its debilitating impacts on vegetation. Consequently, this study proposes the Information-based model (IBM), needed to examine Factors–forms of Impacts–Solutions (Techniques)–Risks assessment to identify and provide insights about VRCC in a given region. In conclusion, two enablers of adaptive indicators and the novel systems-based serve as a key policy formulation for sustainability in strengthening the goals of global involvement of local and sub-national governments and institutions in the effective management of vegetation and ecosystem protection.
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Gupta, Joyeeta, Harro van Asselt, Onno Kuik i Chris Evans. "Exogenous Promotion of Sustainable Electricity Policies in India: Opportunities and Challenges". Energy & Environment 18, nr 3-4 (lipiec 2007): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830507781076257.
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The Indian government needs to increase the access to electricity of a growing population and economy taking into account major environmental and health related challenges, rapidly changing technologies, social and cultural preferences and international commitments. Such an increased access calls for substantial investment, and hence India has been gradually liberalising the electricity sector since 1991. This paper addresses the question: What are the opportunities for accessing the foreign funding available to India and how can it use this funding to modernise its electricity sector in a sustainable manner? Based on a two year research programme, this paper examines the international institutional context and draws conclusions regarding the different mechanisms for India and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing India. It argues that since foreign funding is flowing into the country with enhanced liberalisation, the climate change mechanisms should be used to steer electricity generation in a sustainable direction, and aid funds should be used to focus on access for the rural poor to energy.
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Henderson, David. "SRES, IPCC and the Treatment of Economic Issues: What Has Emerged?" Energy & Environment 16, nr 3-4 (lipiec 2005): 549–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958305054672240.
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This article reviews and extends the continuing debate on the treatment of economic issues by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Following an introduction, it has four main parts. Section 2, with its accompanying Annex 1, deals with one of the leading technical issues in the debate. It argues that, contrary to IPCC-related sources and some other analysts, exchange rates should not enter into measures or projections of output (real GDP). Section 3, in conjunction with Annexes 2 and 3, reviews again the projections of GDP and emissions that emerge from the IPCC's Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). It brings out in particular some confusions that have entered into the IPCC process and the arguments deployed in its defence. Section 4 lists the main weaknesses of the SRES, which are not a matter of the specific projections that it makes. These weaknesses cast doubt on the Panel's decision to use the SRES as a point of departure for its Fourth Assessment Report which is now in course of preparation. Section 5 considers the IPCC process as a whole. Attention is drawn again to the mishandling of economic evidence in IPCC documents and by the United Nations Environment Programme which is one of the IPCC's two parent agencies. New evidence of the professionally unrepresentative status of the IPCC milieu is cited from two sources: The Expert Meeting on Emissions Scenarios convened by the IPCC in January 2005; and the proceedings of the House of Lords Select Committee on Economic Affairs which has just reviewed ‘economic aspects of climate change’. The IPCC's dismissive response to independent critics, as illustrated in Annex 3, means that its handling of economic issues can be improved only if its member governments take action. Effective action will require in particular the involvement of the central economic departments of state: these will have to show greater awareness of what is at stake than Her Majesty's Treasury in its evidence to the Select Committee. More broadly, and going beyond economic aspects, it is high time to put in question the IPCC's status as a monopoly provider of information to governments on issues relating to climate change.
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Lobillo Mora, Gema, Xavier Ginesta i Jordi de San Eugenio Vela. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Football Clubs: The Value of Environmental Sustainability as a Basis for the Rebranding of Real Betis Balompié in Spain". Sustainability 13, nr 24 (11.12.2021): 13689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413689.
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On October 2020, Real Betis Balompié, a football club located in Seville (Andalucia), presented the Forever Green programme, a global programme of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that, through the club’s foundation, enables the entity to position itself in areas of sustainable development and environment at a global level. This project was preceded by a sponsorship initiative with the Green Earth project, as well as having been the first football club to sign the United Nations’ Climate Change Now initiative. This article aims to explain the rebranding process of a sports brand based on values linked to sustainability and to assess the impact this rebranding process has had on the fans’ perception of the brand. The methodology used was a combination of in-depth interviews with the executives charged with leading the rebranding process and a convenience survey given to 100 fans to assess the impact of the initiative. The results show that both the entity and the fans agree on a holistic vision of what the CSR is, altruistic in nature, and that its initiatives should be applicable across the entire organisation. However, although the club’s link with values of the environment and sustainability is highly valued by the fans, they still do not feel directly called upon to take part in actions that the club organises.
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Bak, Pál, Gergely Németh i Diána Szőke. "Foundations of Hungarian Defence Policy". Honvédségi Szemle 148, Special Issue 2. (2020): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35926/hdr.2020.2.1.
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This article aims to outline the foundations of contemporary Hungarian defence policy thinking, highlighting the factors which have shaped it during the last years. Hungary lies in a unique geostrategic position, at the crossroads of ‘eastern’ and ‘southern’ challenges. The study therefore begins by presenting an overview of Hungary’s place in the global security environment, especially in light of the instability currently characterising certain regions on Europe’s periphery. It then goes on to discuss the institutional framework of Hungarian security and defence policy, primarily concentrating on NATO and the EU CSDP. The newly adopted National Security Strategy, together with the National Military Strategy (currently under review) serve as the starting point for the analysis.Our study also pays particular attention to Hungary’s large-scale military modernisation programme, the Zrínyi Programme. Based on this, the authors identify three major challenges shaping the medium-term outlook for Hungarian defence policy. These are (i) the pressures of illegal mass migration; (ii) the challenges of transnational terrorism; along with (iii) the activity and potential for conflict among regional and global powers. In addition, the article briefly highlights the future challenges that Hungary must reckon with, including the security-related implications of global climate change, energy dependency, cyber defence, together with the proliferation of nuclear and conventional weapons.
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Prum, Darren. "Foiled by the Banks? How a Lender's Decision May Support or Undermine a Jurisdiction's Environmental Policies that Promote Green Buildings". Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, nr 5.2 (2016): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.5.2.foiled.
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A United Nations Environmental Programme report addressing climate change states that the built environment in both emerging and developed countries accounts for more than forty percent of global energy usage and at least one third of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. The report further asserts that the built environment offers an unsurpassed opportunity to supply cost effective, lasting, and meaningful reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. In response to this call to action, state and local governments in the U.S. have turned to a variety of policies to ensure that real estate developments within their jurisdictions further green building objectives. However, the availability of mortgage financing for the construction or acquisition of green buildings can undermine policymakers’ overarching environmental objectives. Lenders who misunderstand the unique risks and opportunities associated with green buildings may undercut these important environmental policies by denying real estate financing for worthy construction projects or acquisitions. Accordingly, this Article builds upon my previous work that addressed some of the financial aspects relating to green buildings such as performance bonds, insurance, and construction loans while now turning to the unique issues associated with mortgages and provides solutions that can mitigate risk exposure to acceptable levels so the lending community can further a more ecologically-friendly built environment.
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Karatayev, Marat. "Water availability for bioenergy in Kazakhstan: Review, preliminary results, and key points". Central Asian Journal of Sustainability and Climate Research 2, nr 1 (2023): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cajscr/2023-r1.v2-1/46-61.eng.
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In transitional countries with arid climates, water stress is rising as the demand for water rises with population, economic growth, and intensive development of agriculture and energy and change in climate environment. In this regard, transitional nations plan in national programmes and policies alternative energy sources, sustainable food development, and circular water resource usage. However, these nations frequently approach current water, energy, and food planning without taking interactions of these resources and their impact on each other into account. This paper intends to demonstrate the significance of the water, energy, and food nexus approach for Central Asian countries in transition. Kazakhstan is used as an example of a resource-rich, transitional economy in Central Asia. Kazakhstan has set a goal of reaching a 50% share of renewable and alternative energy sources in electricity generation by the year 2050 to reduce water and energy poverty, improve water and energy efficiency, achieve carbon neutrality, and rank among the top 30 developed nations. To meet the water and renewable energy goal, bioenergy plantation is anticipated to develop between 2030 and 2050. The findings of paper show that total withdrawals for bioenergy increase from the reported data of 15503.68 m3 in 2020 to 32182.16 m3 in 2050 under a bioenergy-intensive scenario. The average total increase, or 75.5%, would be 16678.48 m3. As such, policymakers and stakeholders in Central Asian region and Kazakhstan needs to carefully design its national energy goals given its future increase of water withdrawals, and shortage environment.
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Metla-Rozentāle, Lelde, Vineta Kleinberga, Kristiāna Žaunerčika i Andris Sprūds. "Reflection of the EU Climate Policy Strategic Narrative in the Programmes of Latvian Political Parties—External Convergence and Influence on Shaping Public Opinion". Energies 15, nr 9 (21.04.2022): 3049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093049.
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Climate change, as well as the challenges that come with it, is one of the main issues in international and national politics today. Addressing the threats posed by climate change requires close cooperation at the international level and within each country, creating a dialogue between the political elite and society, thus promoting a common understanding and action across the European Union (EU). The aim of this research is to (1) identify what climate policy narratives are projected to the Latvian electorate (public) and (2) assess how these narratives are aligned with the EU-defined strategic climate policy narrative. The theoretical basis and methodological approach of the study is based on the concept of strategic narrative. It is assumed that the viability and impact of a strategic narrative is enhanced when there is coherence between all stages of the narrative life cycle (i.e., the EU level and the national policy level). The empirical basis of the study is based on the identification of the EU climate policy narrative in the sector’s regulatory documents, as well as an analysis of the election programmes of Latvian political parties (the last European Parliament (2019) and parliamentary (2018) election programmes). The results show that the narrative that the Latvian public receives from its political elite through the European Parliament and the national pre-election programmes is significantly different from the EU strategic narrative on climate policy. Based on the theoretical concept of strategic narrative, it can be concluded that the observed dissimilarity of narratives does not stimulate the inclusion of the Latvian public in the common EU space of climate policy understanding and action.
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Watabe, Atsushi, i Simon Gilby. "To See a World in a Grain of Sand—The Transformative Potential of Small Community Actions". Sustainability 12, nr 18 (9.09.2020): 7404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187404.
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The recognition of the urgent need for more sustainable lifestyles dates from the late 20th century, originating in concerns about resource depletion and climate change. Research and policy measures have evolved since then, paying increasing attention to systemic change over individual behaviour. However, as individual behavioural change is constrained by the systems within which choices are made, more study is needed to understand better how systemic changes occur. Drawing on the experiences of the Sustainable Lifestyles and Education Programme of the UN-led One-Planet Network in collaborating with small collective actions for sustainable lifestyles, the paper analyses the needs and approaches for sustainable lifestyles and opportunities for the local actors to grow their capacities in developing ways of living sustainably. These experiences show that the pursuit of sustainable lifestyles is not a one-shot change in behaviour. It is a continuous process where actors identify and tackle locally specific opportunities for responsible and sustainable ways of living, and through a process of mutual learning and experimentation gradually shape shared visions of sustainable living. Systemic changes for sustainable living are ultimately neither about simply improving people’s awareness or attitudes or replacing some components of the external systems. They are the creation of capacities and aspirations of people actively and continuously engaging to shape alternative systems of living.
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Singh, Pramod K., Konstantinos Papageorgiou, Harpalsinh Chudasama i Elpiniki I. Papageorgiou. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Climate Change Adaptations in the World’s Largest Mangrove Ecosystem". Sustainability 11, nr 23 (25.11.2019): 6655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236655.
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The Sundarbans is the world’s largest coastal river delta and the largest uninterrupted mangrove ecosystem. A complex socio-ecological setting, coupled with disproportionately high climate-change exposure and severe ecological and social vulnerabilities, has turned it into a climate hotspot requiring well-designed adaptation interventions. We have used the fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM)-based approach to elicit and integrate stakeholders’ perceptions regarding current climate forcing, consequent impacts, and efficacy of the existing adaptation measures. We have also undertaken climate modelling to ascertain long-term future trends of climate forcing. FCM-based simulations reveal that while existing adaptation practices provide resilience to an extent, they are grossly inadequate in the context of providing future resilience. Even well-planned adaptations may not be entirely transformative in such a fragile ecosystem. It was through FCM-based simulations that we realised that a coastal river delta in a developing nation merits special attention for climate-resilient adaptation planning and execution. Measures that are likely to enhance adaptive capabilities of the local communities include those involving gender-responsive and adaptive governance, human resource capacity building, commitments of global communities for adaptation financing, education and awareness programmes, and embedding indigenous and local knowledge into decision making.
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Meyer, Frauke, Hawal Shamon i Stefan Vögele. "Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Environmental Attitude, Willingness and Behavior in Germany from 1993 to 2021". Sustainability 14, nr 23 (5.12.2022): 16207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316207.
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This paper analyzes environmental attitude, willingness, and behavior using a relatively broad range of survey items from the four Environment Modules of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) in Germany. The ISSP Environment Module is a repeated cross-sectional large-scale survey in Germany covering a period of nearly 30 years with four survey waves (1993, 2000, 2010, and 2020). We find that environmental attitude, willingness, and behavior are relatively stable between 1993 and 2010 in Germany. However, in the fourth wave, we find a significant upward trend in attitude and willingness compared to 2010—even though the COVID-19 pandemic was omnipresent at the time of the survey. This could indicate that climate change and environmental issues have gained such significance that they cannot easily be fully displaced by other major events, such as a pandemic. Moreover, we detect systematic heterogeneity in environmental attitude, willingness, and behavior predominantly with respect to respondents’ education, residential region, and political orientation but also some heterogeneity regarding gender, age, and income. Finally, we reveal that the dynamic of environmental attitude, willingness, and behavior also depends on certain socio-demographic characteristics, such as residential region, or political orientation. Our findings are essential for a better understanding of the social feasibility of transformation pathways towards a sustainable energy system.
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Fatoki, Olawale. "Determinants of Employee Electricity Saving Behavior in Small Firms: The Role of Benefits and Leadership". Energies 15, nr 9 (26.04.2022): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093168.
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The emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through electricity consumption by firms is one of the significant drivers of climate change. The performance of a firm’s environmental programme is to a large extent dependent on employee behaviour. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the study tested a theoretical model that incorporates benefits and leadership as antecedents of attitude towards electricity saving by the employees of small firms in the hospitality sector. The effects of five benefits (intrinsic, extrinsic, organisational, social, and environmental) and two leadership factors (leadership behaviour and leadership support) were examined. Investigating the antecedents of TPB constructs can help in understanding the process through which the constructs are associated with intention. In addition, the moderating effect of green psychological climate in the relationship between intention and electricity saving behaviour was examined. The study used the quantitative research design, and the cross-sectional survey method was used for data collection. The hypotheses of the study were tested using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation modelling (PLS SEM). The results of the empirical study indicated that intrinsic, organisational, social, and environmental benefits are positively related to attitudes towards electricity saving. In addition, the effects of leadership behaviour and support are significant. Furthermore, green psychological climate moderates the relationship between intention and electricity saving behaviour. Recommendations to improve employees’ electricity saving behaviour are suggested.