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1
Wong, Chun-hung Samuel. "Opportunities for building energy conservation in Hong Kong (residential buildings) /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1873439X.
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Li, Ka-ming. "Energy audit for building energy conservation /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723244.
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Matthews, L. J. "Energy conservation in central urban buildings". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332430.
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Wong, Chun-hung Samuel, i 黃俊雄. "Opportunities for building energy conservation in Hong Kong (residential buildings)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253891.
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Li, Ka-ming, i 李家明. "Energy audit for building energy conservation". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253192.
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Kwok-hip, Ngan. "Building energy conservation : an overview of building energy performance in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723098.
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Kwan, Pui-man, i 關佩文. "Building energy conservation and environmental assessment for office buildings in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008097.
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Steemers, Koen. "Energy in buildings : the urban context". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335894.
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Ngan, Kwok-hip, i 顔國協. "Building energy conservation: an overview of building energy performance in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253234.
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Lai, Hung-kit. "Energy conservation in building services in Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13813596.
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Barakat, Magdi H. "Computation of indoor airflow for thermal comfort in residential buildings". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23308.
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Chan, Wai-chung Christopher. "The effects of building envelope and orientation on energy conservation in commercial buildings in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14751021.
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O'Callaghan, Benjamin T. "Exploring housing resource consumption associations with sustainable housing design and occupant attitudes: A south-east Queensland study". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20736.
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Sustainable development is promoted as a means to address climate change impacts and sustainable design is believed to have a strong role in determining the operational performance of housing. However, in relation to residential housing, these assertions have been largely untested by academic research and occupant impacts are not often considered alongside design influences. Consequentially, the present study aimed to investigate whether sustainably designed housing actually has less impact on the environment and the extent to which occupant attitudes play a role in any reduction, for technical and non-technical factors. The study was able to compare 75 houses drawn from a conventional housing estate and a sustainability-focused residential community. The latter community imposed strict environmental building codes. The conventional housing community, which was designed using contemporary methods, did not preference or require the application of sustainable design principles and was used as the “control group”. The houses within the second estate (the “study group”) employed a high level of sustainable design principles, including solar energy, intentional building orientation, natural ventilation, no air conditioning, recycled materials, reduced indoor environment toxicity and solar passive design. Utility consumption data and surveys were used to gather the data in early 2011. The “study group” houses were found to use 75 per cent less net energy (5.7kWh per day) compared with the “control group” of conventional homes. Interestingly, the water consumption for both types of housing was found to be very similar, although the study group had implemented its own internal rainwater capture and recycling system, which uses no water from the central town water system. It was hypothesised that among the variables studied, multiple regression analysis showed that the number of occupants and then a house’s sustainable design, influenced energy consumption the most, suggesting that sustainable design of a house is a key factor in reducing household utility use. In contrast, environmental attitudes and the size of the house, explained less than one per cent of the variance in energy use, further highlighting the value of sustainable design attributes in terms of operational energy reduction. The results also suggested that the sustainable design of a house is twice as likely to reduce its energy consumption compared with the influence of pro-environmental attitudes. The survey results revealed that higher levels of attitudes favourable to environmental conservation correlated with lower energy use, but attitudes were not found to offer any statistically significant independent prediction of energy use when analysed with other predictor variables present. Similarly, the results were not able to demonstrate that environment-based attitudes and behaviours contributed significantly to lower energy use, when other demographic housing design factors had already been taken into account. In conclusion, the study suggests that stronger prioritisation of the sustainable design attributes in housing will significantly reduce anthropogenic environmental impact. Similarly, it appears possible to undertake such actions without impacting occupant well-being.
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Fore, Elizabeth K. "An analysis regarding energy efficiency in metro Atlanta's private office buildings". Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29663.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Building Construction, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Kathy Roper; Committee Member: Daniel Castro-Lacouture; Committee Member: Linda Thomas-Mobley. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Sullivan, Gregory Patrick. "Energy conservation and thermal comfort in buildings in northern Pakistan". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70254.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-159).
The Hunza Valley, a remote area of mountainous northern Pakistan, is undergoing rapid change culturally, socially, and architecturally. Many of these changes are linked to the exchange of information and commerce facilitated by the Karakoram Highway. This highway, completed in 1974, has allowed a culture and lifestyle dating back many of hundreds of years to be influenced by lower Pakistan and western cultures. Architecturally, these changes have led to the use of new, non-traditional, building material (concrete block and window glass) and new building designs which are climatically inappropriate and more consistent with the mild climate of lower Pakistan. This study examines these changes from an energy perspective in the homes and schools in and around Karimabad, a central village in the Hunza Valley. To assess baseline energy consumption, recorded indoor and outdoor temperature data for three homes and two schools were analyzed. These data were used with a steady state energy model to assess and compare energy consumption of a traditional and a modem home and assess energy conservation measures and design changes. The results showed a 30 percent reduction in heat loss in the traditional home compared to the modem home. This reduction is mostly due to the higher wall and roof thermal resistance values of the traditional home. Further insulation of the walls in both home types is recommended. In the case of the modem homes adding R-5 of rigid foam insulation is estimated to reduce heat loss by 46 percent, over the base case modem home, with a simple payback of 3.8 years. The use of windows is recommended on the south facing facade netting a simple payback of 3.9 years and the use of buried walls (into the north slope) and shared walls (cluster housing) were each estimated to save 17 percent over the standard modem home. Indigenous insulations were researched for use in homes and schools. Sawdust and straw were found to be the most practical and were used with a gluebinder to make 1.5"x 15"x 25" panels. These panels were tested in a flat screen thermal conductivity tester specifically built and calibrated for this study. The measured thermal resistance values were R-2.89/inch (+ /- 9.7 %) for the ...
by Gregory Patrick Sullivan.
M.S.
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Rothbauer, Scott Joseph. "Facility energy survey". Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002rothbauers.pdf.
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Howell, P. J. L. "Modelling the thermal performance of intensive pig buildings". Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356233.
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Shabo, Daniel Joseph. "Evaluation of operating parameters for chillers, cooling towers, and air-handlers in a large commercial building". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17848.
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Maina, Mary Wairimu. "Human experiences affecting governance in energy-efficient buildings in Cape Town's central business district". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1319.
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Thesis (MTech (Informatics and Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011Typically the design of interior environments in the commercial spaces are conceptualised and built to create artificial environments. These environments fail to take into account the amounts of energy used to perpetuate the conditions in the spaces used.The main area of misuse lies in the usage of the interior environmental systems by occupants, which contributes to the inefficiency of these components.
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Örn, Tomas. "Energy efficiency in heritage buildings : Conservation approaches and their impact on energy efficiency measures". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68405.
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The impeding climate change challenge urges for a reduction of energy use in the built environment. Buildings account for nearly 40% of the total energy use and about 35% of the greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. EU member states are required to improve the energy efficiency of the existing building stock, for example by sharpening building regulations and developing enforcement schemes. Since energy efficiency retrofits can affect irreplaceable values in heritage buildings, heritage buildings are often excluded from mandatory demands aiming at reducing the energy use in buildings. However, saving energy have gradually become embraced by the conservation community and heritage buildings with are seen as part of the solution. This licentiate thesis discusses the methods to identify heritage significance in a building and how the underlying theory determines different scenarios in a energy retrofitting process. The choice of conservation theory and conservation approach will affect the success the energy retrofitting process and determine how much the energy use that can be reduced. This thesis therefore suggests a framework to understand the different interpretation of the impacts that one could exert either by having an Objectivistic or Relative conservation value approach.. Based on this framework, a decision-support tool is developed to further detail the impacts of such approaches for different energy measures. Other results show that a majority of reviewed research publications focused on the operational energy in a building and only a few were concerned with energy use over the entire life- cycle of a building. These analyses are used to evaluate where most energy savings can be made, and often pinpoint weak spots in the building’s envelope or technical system. If it was mentioned at all, the influence of cultural and historical factors on energy efficiency measures as applied to heritage buildings tended to be assessed only briefly. Indeed, the majority does not describe conservation principles or even mention the methodology used – if any – for assessing or defining heritage values. Instead, researchers often show an explicit (sometimes an implicit) understanding of conservation as essentially something that is not destructive of original construction material and hence the authenticity of a building. This licentiate thesis is a compilation thesis, consisting of one separate sub-study, one literature review and an extended cover essay. The study is oriented towards a Swedish and European context, especially when it comes to climate conditions and discussions on building regulations and the theory and practice of architectural conservation. It addresses the growing research field of energy efficiency in heritage buildings and the thesis aims to contribute to an increased understanding on how the process of assessment and evaluation of heritage significance in buildings affects the making of heritage buildings more energy efficient. The main research question is: How do different approaches for assessing and evaluating heritage significance in buildings affect possible technical energy saving measures in heritage buildings?Klimatförändringarna driver utvecklingen mot att energianvändningen i den byggda miljön behöver minska. Byggnader står för nästan 40% av den totala energianvändningen och cirka 35% av utsläppen av växthusgaser i Europa. EUs medlemsländer är bundna att förbättra energieffektiviteten hos befintliga byggnader, till exempel genom att skärpa byggreglerna och utveckla handlingsplaner. Eftersom energieffektiviseringar kan påverka värden i kulturhurhistoriska byggnader, är dessa ofta undantagna från krav som syftar till att minska energianvändningen i byggnader. Energibesparing och resurshushållning har gradvis blivit omfamnad av kulturmiljösektorn och kulturhistoriska byggnader betraktas allt mer som en del av lösningen på klimatförändringarna. I licentiatavhandlingen diskuteras metoderna för att identifiera kulturhistoriska värden i en byggnad och hur den underliggande teorin påverkar olika scenarier i en energieffektiviseringprocess. Valet av bevarandeteori och bevarandestrategi påverkar framgångsfaktorn i energieffektivseringen och hur mycket energianvändningen i en kulturhistorisk byggnad kan minskas. I denna avhandling föreslås därför ett teoretiskt ramverk för att förstå effekterna av de olika kulturhistoriska bedömningar som kan göras, antingen genom att använda ett objektivistiskt eller en relativ syn på hur en en byggnads kulturhistoriska värden skapas och bäst bevaras. Utifrån detta teoretiska ramverk har ett stöd för beslutsfattande utvecklats för att ytterligare beskriva effekterna av de olika bevarandestrategiernas påverkan på implementeringen av olika energieffektiviserande åtgärder. Andra resultat visar att en majoritet av de granskade forskningspublikationerna fokuserade på den operativa energin i en byggnad och bara ett fåtal gällde energianvändning under hela livscykeln i en byggnad. Dessa analyser används för att utvärdera var de flesta energibesparingar kan göras och ofta identifiera svaga punkter i byggnadens klimatskal eller tekniska system. Om det nämndes alls tenderade inflytandet av kulturella och historiska faktorer på energieffektivitetsåtgärder som tillämpas på arvsbyggnader endast att bedömas kortfattat. Faktum är att majoriteten av de genomgångna publikationerna inte beskriver bevarandeprinciper och inte nämner den metod som används för att bedöma eller definiera kulturhistoriska värden. Istället används ofta en explicit (ibland en implicit) förståelse för bevarande som i huvudsak något som inte förstör ursprungligt material och därmed autenticitet i en byggnad. Denna licentiatavhandling består av en separat undersökning, en litteraturöversikt och en utökad kappa. Studien är inriktad på ett svenskt och europeiskt sammanhang, särskilt när det gäller klimatförhållanden och diskussioner om byggregler och teori och praktik för kulturhistoriskt bevarande av byggnader. Den är en del av det växande forskningsområdet energieffektivisering i kulturhistoriska byggnader och avhandlingen syftar till att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur utvärderingen av kulturhistoriska värden i byggnader påverkar arbetet med att göra dem mer energieffektiva. Huvudforskningsfrågan är: Hur påverkar olika metoder för bedömning och utvärdering av kulturhistoriska värden energibesparande åtgärder i kulturhistoriska byggnader?
21
Chan, Wai-chung Christopher, i 陳慧聰. "The effects of building envelope and orientation on energy conservation in commercial buildings in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253088.
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Al-Naimi, Ibrahim Mubarak. "The potential for energy conservation in residential buildings in Dammam Region, Saudi Arabia". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/316.
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The rapid housing and building development in the Dammam region of Saudi Arabia has transformed the region into a progressive urban area. The contemporary buildings which have spread all over the region in a short period have failed to provide acceptable comfort conditions inside the house, leading to the widespread use of mechanical cooling systems. The combination of poor thermal design and the rise in electricity prices has resulted in high annual fuel bills for running the air conditioning systems. This study investigates the potential for energy conservation in residential buildings in Dammam region. It aims to identify the problem of high energy consumption in contemporary buildings and to study the relationship between the energy used and the thermal performance of the building. This study reviews the socio-economic characteristics of Dammam region's inhabitants and the traditional and contemporary building materials cooling systems used in the region. It also presents a survey analysis of 500 houses and provides a thermal comparison and assessment of six case study houses. A computer model has been developed and validated by the author to predict the annual amount of energy used in cooling the house. This model has been used to. predict the various energy savings that can be achieved by modifying the building envelope • elements and using lower U-values. Finally, some recommendations have been derived from the analysis.
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Wagoner, Jared Wesley. "Performance Evaluation of PCM-in-Walls of Residential Buildings for Energy Conservation". OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2636.
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Phase Change Materials have been the subject of increased research in modern times. Phase Change Materials, abbreviated as PCMs, are being used in a variety of applications in the energy conservation world. In this study, the effect of PCMs on a residential building’s energy consumption was evaluated at different locations across the United States and compared to the standard building at the same locations. An average American residential building was designed and modeled in SketchUp software. The building was evaluated for energy consumption at different locations across the United States using weather data for each chosen location. After the baseline results were collected, the building was re-evaluated, under the same conditions, with a Heptadecane embedded in the exterior walls as the chosen PCM for this study. The results of this study show that Phase Change Materials have a wide-ranging effect on the energy consumption of the designed building. Addition of the PCM to the building walls decreased total energy usage, over the course of a year, by 3.02 – 6.72%, depending on the location.
24
Pok, Yuk-fu. "Building energy conservation and the environment in Hong Kong : a case study of glazing wall office building /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945929.
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Kwok, Hok-sum, i 郭學深. "The implementation of energy efficient strategies in Hong Kong buildings". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254925.
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Richardson, Matthew James. "Synergies in heating and cooling : a theoretical analysis of two ways of saving energy in buildings". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611584.
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Rysanek, Adam. "A method for deep building retrofit decision-making using sequential models". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648419.
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Lee, Kwun-hang, i 李冠恒. "Energy labeling of residential buildings in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43784008.
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Panayiotou, Gregoris. "Thermal performance of dwellings in Cyprus and approaches for energy conservation". Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9204.
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Energy has always been the dominant driving force for the socio-economic development of mankind. Nowadays, the global energy system is highly depended on fossil fuels. A great share of the final energy consumption, over 40%, in the EU-27 is consumed by the existing building stock whereas dwellings account for 66.62% of this. Thus, the need to increase the energy performance of dwellings is an important instrument in the efforts to lessen Europe’s energy dependency. In order to define measures to increase the energy performance of dwellings a deeper understanding of their characteristics should be gained. Unfortunately, in Cyprus there is a gap in knowledge on this aspect. In this thesis the characteristics of the dwellings in Cyprus are defined through a sample of 500 dwellings. The results revealed that more than 80% of dwellings in Cyprus do not have thermal insulation installed on their envelope. From this it is clear that the definition of the optimum thermal insulation material to be applied in dwellings is very important. Thus, the commercially available thermal insulation materials and topologies used in Cyprus were reviewed and defined through a market survey and the typical dwelling was modelled. The effect of the application of thermal insulation to its energy behaviour was simulated using TRNSYS. This resulted in the definition of the optimum thermal insulation materials and topologies to be applied in both new and existing dwellings. Accordingly, the application of advanced commercially available materials such as Phase Change Materials (PCM) to the envelope of the typical dwelling was investigated. The energy savings achieved by the addition of a PCM layer on the envelope of the typical dwelling was found to be 28.6%. The optimum PCM case was also combined with the optimum thermal insulation combination and an energy saving of 68% was predicted. The incorporation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to the typical dwelling was also simulated and studied. Specifically, two types of standalone RES systems were initially evaluated; a solely photovoltaic (PV) system and a hybrid PV-Wind system. The results showed that the solely PV system is a much better option due to the very high solar potential of Cyprus in comparison to the poor wind profile of the island. Subsequently, a grid-connected PV system was also evaluated and the results showed that when a RES system is grid-connected the cost of the system is reduced to half of that of the standalone cases. This research has revealed that the optimum topology combinations to be applied in both new and existing dwellings in Cyprus is thermal insulation plaster or thermal insulation bricks (only for new dwellings) on the external walls combined with expanded polystyrene on the roof. These results will provide valuable information that will assist both engineers and architects in the efficient design of dwellings in Cyprus. The investigation of the application of macroencapsulated PCM showed that these materials are not yet an economically viable solution for application in Cyprus The findings also show that a solely PV system is the optimum RES system to be applied in Cyprus especially when it is grid-connected. The findings of this project are useful for individuals, house builders and designers as well as policy makers for the design of energy saving subsidy schemes.
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Hurbissoon, Roneesh Mehta. "Constructability effects of green buildings". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1379.
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The Earth's health is deteriorating and will deteriorate even more rapidly unless people adopt eco-friendly policies. Green building has long been a concept but it has not yet been universally applied in practice. The concept of sustainability emerged in the 1970s and can be associated with the energy crisis and environmental pollution concerns. This research is aimed at investigating whether building “green” is more demanding than non-green buildings in terms of cost and the use of green materials against traditional materials; whether professionals in the construction industry are knowledgeable in terms of green buildings; and lastly, to determine whether green buildings are contributing significantly to the environment. The literature reviewed and results of quantitative research amongst professionals from the Island of Mauritius formed the basis of the study. The study revealed that green building is expensive relative to traditional buildings considering. However, the concepts employed (for example: lower energy use, less waste disposal, lower water usage, and sustainable design) provide green buildings with long term savings. Furthermore, the scarcity of natural materials makes it expensive. The study also showed that contractors and professionals have a preference for traditional materials over green materials thus making them more familiar with traditional materials. Contractors and professionals are believed to understand green materials only on a limited basis. This may be attributed to the specific environmental issues involved; however, the research revealed that the professionals are familiar with the basic concepts of green buildings. Lastly, the research showed that green building is still at its infancy but the benefits of green buildings are understood; resulting in green buildings having a good growth potential. The study should be valuable to construction industry professional and clients.
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朱耀昌 i Yiu-cheong Chu. "Application of energy saving systems in Hong Kong buildings". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255188.
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Serghides, D. "Zero energy for the Cyprus house". n.p, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Saporito, Antonino. "A multi-parameter study into the heating energy consumption of commercial and institutional buildings". Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312655.
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Kumirai, Tichaona. "Energy efficiency interventions for residential buildings in Bloemfontein using passive energy techniques". Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/124.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Mech. Eng.)) -- Central University of Technology, Free state, 2010The purpose of this research is to minimize the use of active systems in providing thermal comfort in single-family detached, middle to high income residential buildings in Bloemfontein. The typical case study house was selected according to the criteria as reviewed by Mathews et al., (1999). Measurements were taken for seven days (18 – 24 May 2009). The measurements were carried out in the winter period for Bloemfontein, South Africa. Ecolog TH1, humidity and temperature data logger was used in doing the measurements. These measurements included indoor temperatures and indoor relative humidity. Temperature swings of 8.43 ºC and thermal lag of 1 hour were observed. For the period of seven days (168 hours), the house was thermally comfortable for 84 hours. Thermal analysis for the base case house was done using Ecotect™ (building analysis software) and the simulated results were compared with the measured results. A mean bias error (MBE) of between 10.3% ≤≤11.5% was obtained on the initial calibration. The final calibration of the model yielded error between0.364% ≤≤0.365%. The final calibration model which presented a small error was adopted as the base case. Passive strategies were incorporated to the Ecotect™ model (final calibrated model) singly and in combination; then both thermal and space load simulations were obtained and compared to simulations from the original situation (base case) for assessing improvements in terms of thermal comfort and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption. Annual HVAC electricity savings of up to 55.2 % were obtained from incorporating passive strategies in combination. Incorporating passive strategies resulted in small improvements in thermal comfort.
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Dimond, Stephen Hugh. "An investigation into the profitability of energy management in office buildings". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27694.
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This thesis examines the costs and benefits of energy management in office buildings and investigates the relationships between operating costs, space lease contracts, and building value.
Energy Management by building owners and managers begins with monitoring and analysing building energy use and continues by reducing energy consumption through operating procedure changes, equipment replacement and control, personnel training, and continued monitoring. The cost to complete energy management projects in 12 office buildings is analysed. The average, before tax, internal rate of return for the 12 energy management programs was 22.1%, on total expenditures of roughly $1,200,000.
Nine of the office buildings are publicly owned and occupied by the provincial government of B.C. The return on the investments in these buildings directly benefits the citizens of B.C. However, in the three privately owned and tenant occupied buildings, the owners have a less direct method of receiving the benefits due to net lease contracts with tenants, under which the tenants pay the energy costs and would normally receive the energy cost savings. If only the energy cost savings in vacant areas acrue to the owner, the after tax returns to the owner from the investments in energy management for the three privately owned buildings are all negative.
However, because building value is determined by the net income of a property, and net income is dependent on revenues and operating costs, a statistical analysis of revenues and costs was completed on a 140 building sample of office buildings in the Vancouver, B.C. metropolitan area. The results of that analysis provided support for the hypothesis that energy cost reductions could result in increased lease revenues at the time of lease expiries because tenants are concerned primarily about the total space cost, not the lease payment to the owner. In that case, the returns to the building owners were significantly improved, were all positive, and were as great as 80%.Business, Sauder School of
Real Estate Division
Graduate
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Wright, Andrew John. "The development and use of a model for investigating the thermal behaviour of industrial buildings". Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284684.
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Tsave, A. "Energy performance regulations and methodologies of energy saving in office buildings in southern Europe". Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3281.
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The Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and Council on energy performance of buildings entered into force on 4th January 2003, setting the minimum requirements of energy performance. All Member States had to incorporate the requirements of the new directive in national legislation by January 2006 and build up relevant systems and measures to transpose and implement these requirements. The stage of Directive’s implementation in the countries of Southern Europe is reported because of the similar climatic conditions and the geographical location for a future enforcement in Greece, as the building code in Greece is still under development. As energy use in buildings accounts for about 40% of the final energy demand in the European Union, the application of building standards can achieve a reduction in electric energy consumption and therefore an increase in energy performance of buildings. A record of the electric energy consumption of office buildings in the four Prefectures of Crete is implemented aiming at a future energy saving, which may be obtained by either through increased efficiency or by reducing electric energy consumption.
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Lau, Man-bun Barry, i 劉文彬. "Energy technology options and strategies related to environmental concerns for buildings in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253763.
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Cano, Jorge C. "Effective energy conservation and management in the building sector : the answer to the energy predicament". FIU Digital Commons, 1985. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1995.
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Modern civilization has developed principally through man's harnessing of forces. For centuries man had to rely on wind, water and animal force as principal sources of power. The advent of the industrial revolution, electrification and the development of new technologies led to the application of wood, coal, gas, petroleum, and uranium to fuel new industries, produce goods and means of transportation, and generate the electrical energy which has become such an integral part of our lives.
The geometric growth in energy consumption, coupled with the world's unrestricted growth in population, has caused a disproportionate use of these limited natural resources. The resulting energy predicament could have serious consequences within the next half century unless we commit ourselves to the philosophy of effective energy conservation and management.
National legislation, along with the initiative of private industry and growing interest in the private sector has played a major role in stimulating the adoption of energy-conserving laws, technologies, measures, and practices. It is a matter of serious concern in the United States, where ninety-five percent of the commercial and industrial facilities which will be standing in the year 2000 - many in need of retrofit - are currently in place.
To conserve energy, it is crucial to first understand how a facility consumes energy, how its users' needs are met, and how all internal and external elements interrelate. To this purpose, the major thrust of this report will be to emphasize the need to develop an energy conservation plan that incorporates energy auditing and surveying techniques. Numerous energy-saving measures and practices will be presented ranging from simple no-cost opportunities to capital intensive investments.
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Zhao, Fei. "Agent-based modeling of commercial building stocks for energy policy and demand response analysis". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43704.
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Managing a sustainable built environment with a large number of buildings rests on the ability to assess and improve the performance of the building stock over time. Building stock models are cornerstones to the assessment of the combined impact of energy-related building interventions across different spatial and temporal scales. However, such models, particularly those accounting for both physical formulation and social behaviors of the underlying buildings, are still in their infancy. This research strives to more thoroughly examine how buildings perform aggregately in energy usage by focusing on how to tackled three major technical challenges: (1) quantifying building energy performance in an objective and scalable manner, (2) mapping building stock model space to real-world data space, and (3) quantifying and evaluating energy intervention behaviors of a building stock. This thesis hypothesizes that a new paradigm of aggregation of large-scale building stocks can lead to (1) an accurate and efficient intervention analysis model and (2) a functionally comprehensive decision support tool for building stock energy intervention analysis. Specifically, this thesis presents three methodologies. To address the first challenge, this thesis develops a normative building physical energy model that can rapidly estimate single building energy performance with respect to its design and operational characteristics. To address the second challenge, the thesis proposes a statistical procedure using regression and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling techniques that inverse-estimate building parameters based on building stock energy consumption survey data. The outcomes of this statistical procedure validate the approach of using prototypical buildings for two types of intervention analysis: energy retrofit and demand response. These two cases are implemented in an agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) framework to tackle the third challenge. This thesis research contributes to the body of knowledge pertaining to building energy modeling beyond the single building scale. The proposed framework can be used by energy policy makers and utilities for the evaluation of energy retrofit incentives and demand-response program economics.
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Heiple, Shem C. "Using Building Energy Simulation and Geospatial Modeling Techniques in Determine High Resolution Building Sector Energy Consumption Profiles". PDXScholar, 2007. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3399.
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A technique is presented for estimating hourly and seasonal energy consumption profiles in the building sector at spatial scales down to the individual taxlot or parcel. The method combines annual building energy simulations for cityspecific prototypical buildings and commonly available geospatial data in a Geographical Information System (GIS) framework. Hourly results can be extracted for any day and exported as a raster output at spatial scales as fine as an individual parcel (
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Yeung, Chi-hung, i 楊志雄. "A survey of environmental impacts of building energy codes on energy management in building services installations". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575424.
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Hamdy, I. F. "Architectural approach to the energy performance of buildings in a hot-dry climate with special reference to Egypt". Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373396.
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Sheppard, Barbara Dorothea. "Assessing the environmental performance of building developments : the Green Building Tool". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs549.pdf.
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Bibliography: p. 119-122. Aims to show how the GB Tool (Green BuildingTool) can be used to access the environmental performance of residential building developments, with a focus on South Australia. Describes the history of, and rationale for, the GB Tool; and its practical implementation. Identifies some theoretical short comings of the GB Tool, as well as some practical difficulties with using it.
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Lam, King-hang, i 林勁恆. "Techniques for dynamic modelling of BIPV in supporting system design and BEMS". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558460.
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Traylor, Caleb. "Investigation on the Effects of Indoor Temperature Modulations on Building Energy Usage and Human Thermal Comfort". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984201/.
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Energy efficiency in the operation of buildings is becoming increasingly important with a growing emphasis on sustainability and reducing environmental impacts of irresponsible energy usage. Improvements have been made both on the technology side of energy efficiency and on the human behavior side. However, when changing human behavior, it is critical to find energy conservation measures that will maintain comfort for occupants. This paper analyzes how this can be done by implementing a modulating temperature schedule based on the concept of alliesthesia, which states that pleasure is observed in transient states. EnergyPlus simulations were used to show that in cooling applications, this type of scheduling can produce significant energy savings. However, energy savings are not predicted for the same type of scheduling for heating applications. Thermal comfort was examined with a cooling experiment and a separate heating experiment, each lasting 45 minutes and taking place during the corresponding season. The experiments showed that modulating temperatures can cause occupants to experience more pleasure than if the temperature remained constant in a cooled space, whereas modulating temperatures had a negative impact on comfort relative to the constant temperature in the heated space. This presents evidence for an ideal opportunity for cooling applications by implementing modulating temperature schedules: an increase in thermal pleasure accompanied by a decrease in cooling energy.
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Monawar, Abdulghani Hassan. "A study of energy conservation in the existing apartment buildings in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/950.
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Despite great development in residential buildings that Saudi Arabia has witnessed over the last two decades, there is still a lack of understanding and of evaluating the thermal performance aspects of the buildings. The rapid developments that took place in such a short time have ignored environmental considerations and produced exotic buildings that have poor thermal performance. The existing residential building stock built during the economic boom of the 70's and afterwards is having problems balancing between a comfortable indoor climate and reasonable usage of energy. To resolve this issue, the thermal performance of these buildings needs to be improved. But, in the absence of proper knowledge about the performance of these buildings, any proposed suggestions will be a matter of speculations. The research aims to address the notion of energy conservation in existing apartment building in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It is concerned with identifying the thermal characteristics and the quality of indoor environment in this building type as well as investigating the behaviour of the occupants and their domestic energy demands. This background sets the base to test energy saving measures and to review their effectiveness and their applicability. The study provides information for the parties with direct relation to this issue, authority and policy makers, building professionals, and occupants to assist them in understanding the current situation and promote the selection of the most appropriate strategy. In this study, a comprehensive fieldwork survey, that comprises social survey of 600 apartments and physical measurement survey for eight case studies, have been performed. Thermal performance of the different building components and their dynamic interaction has been simulated thoroughly by a computer program for building energy analysis VisualDOE-2.5). The simulation has been employed to theoretically predict the thermal roles of building components and the impact the occupants have as building users. The program tested strategies for potential energy savings. The simulation model has demonstrated a 19% and 31% reduction in cooling load as a result of applying insulation materials and shading device in respective order. The findings have been integrated to highlight the problems of energy conservation issues in existing apartment buildings, producing recommendations and suggestions for further research avenues to complement work.
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Wickström, Maria, i Taimi Zahharov. "Konflikten mellan bevarandekrav och tilläggsisolering : The conflict between conservation requirements and additional insulation". Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124427.
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Sweden has formulated ambitious energy goals which signify that by year 2050 the energy usage should be halved. One of the objectives is the reduction of energy usage by 20% by year 2020 and that it should be compared to the usage of energy from 1995. In parallel with increased energy requirements for buildings the demand on housing conservation, by highlighting also buildings from the last 50 years as part of the building heritage, continues to enhance, which in theory means that there is a conflict between these. The law will never be able to point out unique buildings and PBL (planning and building act) is not especially concrete. The National Housing Board has tried to make this more concrete by the new BBR regulations though there are still an enormous variety of interpretations. This report deals with the conflict between conservation requirements and additional insulation of the building envelope and is limited to multi-residential buildings built between the years 1945 and 1975. It is the stock with the greatest energy consumption and that is where the big challenge lies. The question is whether in practice it is no conflict between conservation requirements and additional insulation of the building envelope and what it in this case depends. With the support of background facts, interview questions were formulated for different participants. By interviews with property-owners, municipalities and other partners it has been shown that the creation of zoning determines whether a property has been preserved. In municipalities with a metropolitan character the interest in conservation issues are the greatest and Stockholm municipality distinguishes itself, providing significant space in regards to this subject. The smaller municipalities do not believe in that the preservation of our multi-residential buildings are central but that there lies a greater problem in areal density and that eventually great portions of the genuine country will disappear. Only in isolated cases, conservation requirements became an obstacle in performing façade renovations. Property owners are interested in the conservation issue; however, it must be weighed against the economic condition and therefore is it in sight of what is a good conservation.Sverige har formulerat ambitiösa energimål som innebär att till år 2050 ska energianvändningen halveras, där ett delmål är minskning med 20 % till år 2020 och det ska jämföras med energianvändningen från år 1995. Parallellt med ökade energikrav för byggnader ställs det även allt högre krav på husens bevarande, vilket teoretiskt innebär att det ligger en konflikt mellan dessa. Lagen kommer aldrig att kunna peka ut unika byggnader och PBL (plan- och bygglagen) är inte särskilt konkret. Nu har Boverket försökt konkretisera genom nya BBR reglerna, men det finns ändå oerhört mycket plats för tolkningar. Denna rapport behandlar konflikten mellan bevarandekrav och tilläggsisolering av klimatskalet och är begränsad till flerbostadshus byggda mellan åren 1945 och 1975. Det är det bestånd som har störst energiåtgång och det är där den stora utmaningen ligger. Frågan är om det i praktiken ligger någon konflikt mellan bevarandekrav och tilläggsisolering av klimatskalet och vad den i så fall beror på? Med stöd av bakgrundsfakta har intervjufrågor formulerats till olika aktörer. I intervjuer med fastighetsägare, kommuner och övriga parter har det visat sig att utformningen av detaljplanen är avgörande för om en fastighet kan bevaras. I kommuner med storstadskaraktär är intresset för bevarandefrågorna störst och Stockholms kommun utmärker sig, där dessa frågor getts störst utrymme. De mindre kommunerna anser inte att bevarandet av våra flerbostadshus är centralt utan där är det ett större problem att områdena förtätas och att på sikt stora delar av den genuina landsbygden kommer att försvinna. Endast i enstaka fall har bevarandekraven blivit ett hinder för att utföra fasadrenoveringar. Fastighetsägare är intresserade för bevarande frågan men detta måste vägas mot ekonomiska förutsättningar och därför skiljer det i synen om vad som är ett gott bevarande
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Techel, Hanns-Florian. "CAP, a case study in the wasting of energy : an analysis of energy management and consumption in the architecture building at Ball State University". Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845981.
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This thesis investigates the structure of the College of Architecture and Planning (CAP) at Ball State University, otherwise referred to as the Architecture Building (AB). The purpose of this study was to examine the use of energy within the two wings of the building. The research focussed on the history of the decision-making process of the design. It studied the geometry of the building. It researches the issue of lighting and daylighting. It examined the behavior of the HVAC systems. It studied the current and potential use of the Solar Chimney. It analyzed the existing windows as well as possible alternatives.The study results in an experimental design for an additional wing for the Architecture Building. It also recommends specific solutions for optimizing the separate parts of the existing building with respect to their use of energy as well as their exposure to daylight. This also helps to identify the limits of rebuilding an existing structure. Therefore, the appendices show new technologies that will help future designs, from the building materials used to the change of the design process itself.With its huge south-facing atrium and the closed north wall this building communicates the idea of utilizing natural energy sources (e.g., maximizing of solar gain) and minimizing the loss of energy through the building envelope.In fact, the biggest energy consuming factor is not the loss of energy during the winter time, but the excessive gain of energy during the summer which puts an extraordinary cooling load on the A/C system of the building. Apart from that, the amount of electricity for lighting due to the unavailability of daylight as well as the very inefficient lighting system and fans of the A/C system is extensive.Recent advances in the development of high efficiency windows and lights would allow for significant savings within the building. Unfortunately, a lot of the problems of the building are "cast in concrete" and therefore cannot be changed. This leads to the realization that architects need tools that allow them to better predict the future behavior of their anticipated structures. New developments in the field of Computer Aided Design (CAD) boost this simulation ability of planned buildings to a point unthought of a few years ago.Department of Architecture
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Fay, Mark Roger. "Comparative life cycle energy studies of typical Australian suburban dwellings /". Connect to thesis, 1999. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000382.
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