Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „End-of-life decision making”
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Genot, Carrie J. "A Phenomenological Study: End of Life Decision Making". Connect to full-text via OhioLINK ETD Center, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1116801543.
Pełny tekst źródła"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing." Major advisor: Joanne Ehrmin. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: ii, 63 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: pages 59-61.
Sundin-Huard, Deborah. "Brief encounters: end of life decision-making in critical care". University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001514/.
Pełny tekst źródłaHenley, Lesley D. "End of life decision making in a children's hospital : ethical and practice implications". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26589.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmith-Howell, Esther Renee. "End-of-life decision-making among African Americans with serious illness". Thesis, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3723381.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfrican Americans’ tendency to choose life-prolonging treatments (LPT) over comfort focused care (CFC) at end-of-life is well documented but poorly understood. There is minimal knowledge about African American (AA) perceptions of decisions to continue or discontinue LPT. The purpose of this study was to examine AA family members’ perceptions of factors that influenced end-of-life care decision-making for a relative who recently died from serious illness. A conceptual framework informed by the literature and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework was developed to guide this study. A retrospective, mixed methods design combined quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. Forty-nine bereaved AA family members of AA decedents with serious illness who died between 2 to 6 months prior to enrollment participated in a one-time telephone interview. Outcomes examined include end-of-life treatment decision, decision regret, and decisional conflict. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, Spearman and Pearson correlations, and linear and logistic regressions. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and qualitative descriptive methods. Family members’ decisional conflict scores were negatively correlated with their quality of general communication (rs = -.503, p = .000) and end-of-life communication scores (rs = -.414, p = .003). There was a significant difference in decisional regret scores between family members of decedents who received CFC versus those who received LPT (p = .030). Family members’ quality of general communication (p = .030) and end-of-life communication (p = .014) were significant predictors of family members’ decisional conflict scores. Qualitative themes related to AA family members’ experiences in end-of-life decision-making included understanding (e.g., feeling prepared or unprepared for death), relationships with healthcare providers (e.g., being shown care, distrust) and the quality of communication (e.g., being informed, openness, and inadequate information). Additional qualitative themes were related to perceptions of the decision to continue LPT (e.g., a lack of understanding, believe will benefit) or discontinue LPT (e.g., patient preferences, desire to prevent suffering). In conclusion, this study generated new knowledge of the factors that influenced AA bereaved family members’ end-of-life decision-making for decedents with serious illnesses. Directions for future research were identified.
Harman, Thompson Jessica. "END-OF-LIFE DECISION-MAKING IN PATIENTS WITH A CARDIAC DEVICE". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/44.
Pełny tekst źródłaPalmer, Barbara Benson 1958. "Clinical decision making about end-of-life decisions of persons over 65: Perceptions of clinicians". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278251.
Pełny tekst źródłaHsieh, Hsiu-Fang. "Deductive content analysis of end-of-life decision-making in the ICU /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7191.
Pełny tekst źródłaInoue, Megumi. "End-of-life care planning and its implementation". Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104093.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnd-of-life care planning is an opportunity for people to express how they want to spend the final stage of their lives by directing what type of medical treatment they wish or do not wish to receive. The completion of such planning is a way to exercise their autonomy, which is one of the fundamental ethical principles in medicine in the United States. Many older adults in the U.S., however, do not have such a plan or even discuss the topic with anyone. In order to understand the circumstances in which end-of-life planning is enacted, this study investigated two important research questions: (1) What are the sociodemographic and psychosocial factors that enhance or impede the completion of end-of-life planning? (2) How consistent is the content of a living will with the person's actual dying experience? These research questions were developed and examined as an application of expectancy theory, which explains the concepts of motivation and action. A series of logistic regression analyses were conducted. This study analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which is a nationally representative sample of Americans over the age of 50. The analytic subsample included those who died between 2000 and 2010 (N = 6,668). The study found that persons who were older, who identified themselves as White, who had higher levels of income and education, and who were widowed or separated were more likely to be motivated to complete end-of-life planning. A higher level of sense of mastery was specifically relevant to documentation of living wills. On the other hand, a lower level of religiosity was specifically associated with having a durable power of attorney for health care. In addition, there was a clear connection between a request for palliative care and less troubling pain. Implications include conducting a community- or workplace-based public educational campaign, incorporating a culturally tailored approach for racial/ethnic minorities (e.g. faith-based interventions), using advance directives written in easy to understand language (e.g. Five Wishes), and funding Medicare provision for end-of-life care consultations between doctors and patients during annual physical exams
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
Baeringer, Lauren. "Nursing interventions that facilitate end-of-life decision-making in pediatric oncology". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/820.
Pełny tekst źródłaB.S.N.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
Shirley, Jamie L. "Autonomy at the end of life : a discourse analysis /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7231.
Pełny tekst źródłaHobson, Dawn Elizabeth. "Moral silence? : nurses' experience of ethical decision making at the end of life". Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7592/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuurdt, Jeanette. "Surrogate decision making for the critically ill intensive care unit patient". Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1126.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoss, Karen M. "Attitudes Towards Aging and End-of-Life Decision Making Among Korean Americans in Cincinnati". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313686476.
Pełny tekst źródłaAaron, Siobhan Patrice. "End-of-Life Decision-Making Among Patients with Advanced Stage Cancer and Their Caregivers". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case159767551461306.
Pełny tekst źródłaRishel, Cindy Jo. "The Realization of Parental Knowing: End-of-Life Decision Making in Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194461.
Pełny tekst źródłaPicton-Howell, Zoe. "UK paediatricians' medical decision-making for severely disabled children : a socio-legal analysis". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33061.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuo, Qi. "A Framework for Optimal Decision Making of a Photovoltaic Recycling Infrastructure Planning". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1501068732464634.
Pełny tekst źródłaChang, Wan-Zu Diana. "Effects of Visual Stimuli on Decision-Making Capacity of People with Dementia for End-of-Life Care". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429721461.
Pełny tekst źródłaToney, Sharlene. "Factors influencing surrogate end-of-life healthcare decision-making for a family member with Alzheimer's disease". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12152006-151721/.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from title screen. Cecelia G. Grindel, committee chair; Laura P. Kimble, Frank Whittington, Carolyn Kee, committee members. Electronic text (220 p. : ill.). Description based on contents viewed May 2, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-136).
Gottfried, Gretchen Karr 1955. "Clinicians' perceptions about death anxiety and end-of-life clinical decision making for persons over 65". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558203.
Pełny tekst źródłaMehter, Hashim Moosa. "Physician approaches to provider-family conflict associated with end-of-life decision-making in the ICU: a qualitative study". Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21217.
Pełny tekst źródłaBACKGROUND: As critically ill patients approach the end of life in an intensive care unit (ICU), their families are often asked to make difficult decisions surrounding the withholding or withdrawal of aggressive care or resuscitative measures. Families are asked to exercise “substituted judgment” by making decisions from the imagined standpoint of the patient. ICU physicians work with families to support them through the decision-making process, but conflict commonly arises between physicians and family members regarding the optimal course of care for a critically ill patient. Existing qualitative data regarding physician perspectives and practical approaches to negotiating and managing these conflicts is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and characterize how critical care physicians approach and manage conflict with surrogates with respect to decisions on withdrawing or withholding aggressive care in the ICU. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighteen critical care physicians, recruited from two large academic medical centers in Boston. Interview transcripts were analyzed using methods of grounded theory to identify emergent themes and concepts, along with illustrative quotes. RESULTS: Physicians described an initial process of gauging surrogate receptiveness to provider input and recommendations. When faced with resistance to their recommendations for less aggressive care, provider approaches ranged from deference to family wishes to various negotiation strategies designed to change families’ minds. The likelihood of deferring to family in the event of conflict was associated with the perceived sincerity of the family’s “substituted judgment” approach and the ability of the provider to manage patient pain and suffering. Providers described a common theme of concern for the family’s emotional needs; manifestations of this concern included efforts to alleviate guilt and stress associated with end-of-life decision-making by assuming some of the decision-making burden and strategies to repair damage to the provider-family relationship in the aftermath of conflict or disagreement. Providers also described personal stress and anxiety associated with contentious end-of-life decision-making, and the effect of career experience on their approach to conflict with families. CONCLUSIONS: Critical care physicians describe a multi-layered approach to physician-family conflict surrounding end-of-life decision-making in the ICU, including adaptive strategies to achieve optimal outcomes for both patient and family. These findings may help to inform future research and quality-improvement initiatives.
2031-01-01
Nakao, Kayoko. "Knowledge, preferences, and arrangement of end-of-life care and decision-making among Japanese American older adults". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1872935931&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoren, Shedrick John. "Ignoring Ambiguity: Legitimating Clinical Decisions". Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/170.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoughton, Lindsey C. "Dementia and End-of-Life Decision Making: A Case-Based Approach to the Clinical Application of Bioethical Principles". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/549725.
Pełny tekst źródłaM.A.
People with dementia account for a growing number of patients requiring end-of-life medical care each year in the United States. The clinical application of bioethical principles is rarely more important than in the context of end-of-life decision making, and determining the appropriate clinical treatment plan can be difficult and complex for clinicians, patients, and medical proxies. While the current bioethical literature offers a wealth of information on the principles underlying ethical medical practice, real-world clinical scenarios are often fraught with confusion, complexity, and conflicting understandings of best practices. There is a need for clinical decision-making tools that are both comprehensive yet simple, and broadly-applicable enough to be clinically useful. This thesis explores the cultural factors that necessitate further discussion and understanding of the issues surrounding end-of-life care for people with dementia, uses a clinical case to demonstrate a real-world approach to the ethical complexities surrounding such care, and proposes a basic ethical decision-making algorithm with the potential for broad application by students and clinicians encountering complex ethical scenarios.
Temple University--Theses
Dionne-Odom, James Nicholas. "A Theoretical Model of the Psychological Processes of Surrogate Decision-Making at Adult End-of-Life in the Intensive Care Unit: A Case Study Design Using Cognitive Task Analysis". Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3344.
Pełny tekst źródłaSignificance/Background: Surrogate decision-makers (SDMs) take part in 1.5 million end-of-life (EOL) decisions per year. Most find the role burdensome, often do not make decisions concordant with patients' wishes, and many suffer negative psychological aftereffects. Specific Aims: 1) Identify and describe the psychological processes of recent SDMs for adults at EOL in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 2) develop a theoretical model of SDMs' psychological processes. Methods/Analysis: Descriptive, multiple case study research design using a cognitive task analysis (CTA) interviewing approach. Participants completed an in-depth semi-structured CTA interview and a demographic form. Verbatim transcribed interviews were encoded and analyzed until theoretical saturation was met. Results: Nineteen SDMs (female=11) with a mean age of 59 years (± 11) who made decisions for patients (mean age, 67±13 years) who died in the ICU completed interviews. Data analysis yielded 27 psychological processes representing the hypothesized theoretical links amongst 20 individual psychological concepts. The PREDICAMENTS model (Psychology, Reasoning, and Ethics Demonstrated In Choices about the Acceptability of Medical Treatments and Patient Conditions Encountered in Life Threatening Situations) of surrogate decision-making was assembled from these psychological processes and concepts. The model depicts a complex web of psychological processes wherein SDMs ultimately express acceptance or rejection of medical treatments and/or the patient's physical condition based on their perception of the acceptability (or lack thereof) of medical treatments and/or the patient's physical condition. Conclusions: The PREDICAMENTS model offers an initial picture of the underlying psychological processes operating in SDMs decision-making. Implications for Practice and Research: The PREDICAMENTS model can be used to assess and understand SDMs' thought processes, emotions, and ethical concerns. Further research is needed to test and corroborate constructs and linkages in this model with the aim of developing decision support interventions. Ethicists need to discuss the implications of this descriptive theoretical model for the normative ethical standards expected of SDMs
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
Johns, Amanda E. "Ethical Decision Making of Counseling Mental Health Practitioners Working With Clients Right-To-Die Issues". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2028.
Pełny tekst źródłaHamidi, Behzad. "A BIM-based Object-oriented Data Model to Support Sustainable Demolition Waste Management Decision Making at End-of-Life". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73429.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Petri, Lane Louise 1950. "Clients' death anxiety and associated factors affecting end-of-life clinical decision making for persons age 65 and older". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278472.
Pełny tekst źródłaKim, Sanghee. "Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of Nurses' Ethical Decision Making around End of Life Care Scale (NEDM-EOLCS) in Korea". Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/756.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs supported by extensive literature, nurses have a role to play in helping patients and families in getting their needs understood and met. This ethical responsibility includes decisions made by nurses in the context of end-of-life (EOL) care. Ethical decision-making is known to be influenced by nurses' understanding of their professional accountability and several cognitive processes that underlie moral action. Rest (1986) theorized these processes as: moral sensitivity, judgment, moral motivation, and moral character. However, few instruments have been developed to understand nurses' ethical decision-making during EOL care, and most have focused on a single dimension rather than on the multi-dimensional process. The purposes of this methodological study were: 1) to develop a scale with content domains and items capable of describing Korean nurses' ethical decision-making at EOL and 2) to evaluate the scale's psychometric properties using Korean nurses (N = 230). The criteria for participation were: Korean nurses having more than 2 years of clinical experience in the types of units where most Korean patients spend the end of their lives: critical care, general medical-surgical, and hospice units. The process followed two steps. Phase I consisted of the development of domains and items. Three domains were identified through themes derived from an integrated review of relevant literature and the findings from a preliminary qualitative study involving experts in EOL care in Korea. 95 items were generated within these three domains. Content validation was completed by a panel of six nursing ethics experts, three in Korea and three in the U.S. Next, a pilot study to test readability was conducted using three Korean nurses. During Phase II, 67 items of the NEDM-EOLCS version 3.0 were tested. After item analysis and factor analysis, a 55-item final version of the NEDM-EOLCS was established. The total scale and three subscales reported good reliability and validity. The three subscales were labeled: "perceived professional accountability," "moral reasoning and moral agency," and "moral practice at the EOL."
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
Näppä, Ulla. "Dilemmas in palliative chemotherapy when approaching end-of-life". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Onkologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88080.
Pełny tekst źródłaBakgrund Cytostatikabehandling som ges vid obotlig cancersjukdom kan minska tumörbörda och besvärande symtom som t. ex smärta. Behandlingen ökar livskvalitet och överlevnadstid i många fall och bör därför erbjudas alla patienter som kan ha nytta av den. Dock är cytostatika potenta läkemedel som kan ge besvärliga biverkningar. Diskussionen i många studier pekar på att den förväntade överlevnaden bör överstiga en månad för att behandlingen ska kunna ha avsedd effekt. Då cytostatikabehandling vid obotlig cancersjukdom inte kan bota patienten är det alltid en tidsfråga innan nyttan med behandlingen avtar för att till sist helt upphöra. Fortsatt behandling med cytostatika innebär då risk för enbart negativa effekter i form av ökad trötthet, nedsatt immunförsvar och till och med livsförkortning. Möjligheterna att klara av fortsatt cytostatikabehandling bedöms inför varje behandling med blodprover och klinisk bedömning. På sjukhus utan tjänstgörande onkologspecialist träffar patienten sjuksköterskan som ger behandlingen. Ansvarig läkare kontaktas när provsvar eller något i patientens tillstånd avviker från det vanliga. När sjukdomen framskrider och patientens allmänstillstånd börjar svikta, bör syftet med behandlingen utvärderas och överväganden göras huruvida den ska fortsätta, regimen förändras eller avslutas. Min erfarenhet, ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv, av palliativ vård och cytostatikabehandlingar givna till patienter med obotlig cancersjukdom, fick mig att vilja undersöka hur många patienter som behandlas i livets slutskede. Jag ville också ta reda på hur bedömningen av patienten inför behandlingen gick till och om den kunde förbättras, samt hur sjuksköterskan upplevde att ge cytostatikabehandlingar i sent sjukdomsskede. Syften Att utforska andelen patienter med obotlig cancer som behandlas med palliativ cytostatika under sista levnadsmånaden samt att finna utmärkande karakteristika för denna grupp patienter. Att utveckla och psykometriskt testa en kortfattad enkät utformad för bedömning av patientens allmäntillstånd vid palliativ cytostatikabehandling. Att identifiera situationer som sjuksköterskor kan uppleva som utmanande vid cytostatikabehandling av palliativa patienter med cancer. Att undersöka om rutinmässig användning av enkäten utvecklad i studie II påverkat andelen patienter som behandlas med palliativ cytostatika under sista levnadsmånaden, andel sjukhusinläggningar, dokumentation av allmäntillstånd, dokumentation av avslutande av behandling i journal och/eller dödsplats. Metod Alla inkluderade patienter i studierna hade cytostatikabehandlats med anledning av obotlig, epitelial cancer (utgående från organens slemhinneceller) och var 20 år eller äldre. Deltagande sjuksköterskor arbetade på cytostatikabehandlingsmottagningar/avdelningar. Både pati-enter och sjuksköterskor kom från Jämtland, Västerbotten och/eller Norrbotten. I studie I jämfördes journaldata från avlidna patienter som cytostatikabehandlats under sista levnadsmånaden med dem som avslutat behandlingarna tidigare. I studie II erbjöds patienter att delta i utvecklingen av en enkät som tagits fram för att mäta allmäntillståndet före cytostatikabehandling. I studie III intervjuades sjuksköterskor som arbetar med att ge cytostatika och deras berättelser analyserades med narrativ metod. I studie IV jämfördes journaldata för avlidna patienter som använt enkäten från studie II med matchade kontroller och i tillämpliga frågor data från studie I. Resultat Studie I visade att 23 % av alla patienter som cytostatikabehandlats någon gång under sista året före sin död även fick cytostatikabehandling under sista levnadsmånaden. Studien visade också en samvariation mellan behandling sista levnadsmånaden och fler sjukhusvistelser inom en månad efter sista behandling, färre dokumenterade beslut att avsluta behandlingen samt att färre patienter från denna grupp avled i hemmet. I Studie II konstaterades att den utformade enkäten uppvisade tecken på såväl reliabilitet, validitet som förmåga att detektera när patientens allmäntillstånd försämrades. Studie III visade att palliativa cytostatika kan upplevas som potenta och oförutsägbara läkemedel, som kan skapa dilemman för de sjuksköterskor som genomför behandlingarna när de ges till patienter som är försvagade av sin cancersjukdom. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att de ibland stod mitt emellan läkare, patienter och närstående inför behandlingsbeslut. Studie IV visade ingen statistiskt säkerställd effekt av rutinmässig monitorering av allmäntillståndet med det i studie II framtagna formuläret. Varken behandling under sista månaden i livet, sjukhusvistelser, dokumenterade beslut att avsluta behandling eller dödsplats påverkades. Däremot rapporterade sjuksköterskorna att formuläret gav dem värdefull information om patientens allmäntillstånd inför behandling. Klinisk nytta för framtiden Fynden i studien kan vara till nytta för alla inblandade i cytostatikabehandlingen; patienten, närstående, sjuksköterskan och läkaren. Särskilt i beslutsprocessen om cytostatikabehandlingen ska fortsättas eller avbrytas. Metoder för att bättre bedöma prognostiska faktorer inför cytostatikabehandling behöver utvecklas ytterligare. I en framtida studie skulle formuläret kunna vidareutvecklas för datoriserad användning så resultaten förs in i patientjournalen, där både sjuksköterska och läkare enklare skulle ha tillgång till dem innan behandlingsbeslut. Slutsatser Behandling med palliativ cytostatika nära livets slutskede kan skapa situationer som upplevs som dilemman, både för patienten och för vårdpersonalen. I studierna behandlades 23-25 % av patienterna med cytostatika under sista levnadsmånaden. Dessa patienter vårdades oftare på sjukhus och färre av dem dog i hemmet. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev att de i vissa fall upplevde sig vara "mitt i mellan" i beslutsprocessen om cytostatikabehandling skulle ges eller inte. Cytostatikabehandlingens oförutsägbarhet visade sig vara ett genomgående tema i avhandlingen. Oförutsägbarheten leder till att individanpassning för varje enskild patient är av största vikt. Försöket till formulärutveckling skulle kunna öka möjligheten att mer objektivt använda allmäntillstånd som en parameter inför behandlingsbeslut när patienten nalkas livets slut. Formuläret visade sig ge sjuksköterskorna värdefull information om patienternas upplevda allmäntillstånd även om denna studie inte visade statistiskt säkerställda skillnader mellan de som använde formuläret och kontrollgruppens patienter. För att ytterligare optimera beslutsfattandet vid palliativ cytostatikabehandling när livets slutskede nalkas krävs fortsatt forskning.
Tausta Parantumattoman syöpäsairauden yhteydessä annettu sytostaattihoito voi vähentää kasvainkuormaa ja haittaavia oireita kuten esim. kipua. Monissa tapauksissa hoito parantaa potilaiden elämänlaatua ja antaa lisää elinaikaa. Siksi hoitoa on tarjottava kaikille potilaille, jotka voivat hyötyä siitä. Sytostaatit ovat kuitenkin potentteja lääkkeitä, joilla voi olla voimakkaat vaikutukset ja haittavaikutukset. Tutkimukset viittaavat siihen, että jäljellä olevan odotetun eliniän tulee olla yli kuukausi, jotta hoidolla olisi toivottu teho. Koska parantumattoman syöpäsairauden yhteydessä annettu sytostaattihoito ei voi parantaa potilasta, on aina ajan kysymys, milloin hoidon teho alkaa vähetä loppuakseen viimein kokonaan. Silloin jatkettu sytostaattihoito merkitsee potilaalle vain negatiivisten vaikutusten riskiä lisääntyneen väsymyksen, heikentyneen vastustuskyvyn ja jopa eliniän lyhentymän muodossa. Potilaan mahdollisuus selvitä jatketusta sytostaattihoidosta arvioidaan ennen hoidon aloittamista verikokeiden ja kliinisen arvion perusteella. Jos sairaalassa ei ole päivystävää onkologian erikois-lääkäriä, potilas tapaa sairaanhoitajan. Vastaavaan lääkäriin otetaan yhteyttä silloin, kun koevastauksissa tai potilaan tilassa on jotain tavallisuudesta poikkeavaa. Kun sairaus etenee ja yleistila alkaa heiketä, potilaan elämänlaatu usein heikkenee ja elinaika lyhenee. Tällöin on syytä arvioida hoidon tarkoitusta ja pohtia, jatketaanko vai muutetaanko hoitoa, vai lopetetaanko se kokonaan. Kokemukseni sairaanhoitajana parantumattomien syöpäpotilaiden palliatiivisesta hoidosta ja sytostaattihoidosta herätti minussa halun tutkia, kuinka moni potilas saa hoitoa elämän loppuvaiheessa. Halusin myös tutkia, miten potilaat arvioidaan ennen hoitoa, onko arvioinnissa parantamisen varaa ja miten sairaanhoitajat kokevat elämän loppuvaiheessa annettavat sytostaatti-hoidot. Tavoitteet Tutkia, kuinka suuri osa parantumatonta syöpää sairastavista potilaista saa palliatiivista sytostaattihoitoa viimeisen elinkuukautensa aikana sekä löytää tämän potilasryhmän erottavat tekijät. Kehittää ja testata psykometrisesti lyhyt lomake, jolla mitataan potilaan yleistila palliatiivisen sytostaattihoidon yhteydessä. Tunnistaa tilanteita, jotka sairaanhoitajat voivat kokea ongelmallisina syöpäpotilaille annettavan palliatiivisen sytostaattihoidon yhteydessä. Tutkia, onko tutkimuksessa II laaditun lomakkeen rutiininomainen käyttö vaikuttanut viimeisen elinkuukautensa aikana sytostaattihoitoa saavien potilaiden osuuteen, sairaalahoitojaksojen osuuteen, yleistilan dokumentointiin, päättyneen lääkityksen dokumentointiin potilaskertomuksessa ja/tai kuolinpaikkaan. Menetelmä Kaikki tutkimuksen potilaat olivat saaneet sytostaattihoitoa parantumattomaan, elinten limakalvosoluista lähtöisin olevaan epiteelisyöpään. Potilaat olivat 20 vuotta täyttäneitä ja asuivat Jämtlannin, Västerbottenin tai Norrbottenin alueella. Tutkimukseen osallistuneet sairaanhoitajat työsken-telivät saman alueen sytostaattivastaanotoilla tai -osastoilla. Tutkimuksessa I verrattiin tilastollisia menetelmiä käyttäen kuolleiden, viimeisen elin-kuukautensa aikana sytostaattihoitoa saaneiden potilaiden potilaskerto-mustietoja niihin potilaisiin, joiden hoito oli lopetettu ennen viimeistä elinkuukautta. Tutkimuksessa II potilaille tarjottiin mahdollisuus osallistua sellaisen lomakkeen kehittämiseen, joka on laadittu mittaamaan potilaiden yleistilaa ennen sytostaattihoitoa. Tutkimuksessa III haastateltiin sairaan-hoitajia, ja heidän kertomuksensa analysoitiin narratiivisia menetelmiä käyttäen. Tutkimuksessa IV verrattiin kuolleiden, tutkimuksen II lomaketta käyttäneiden potilaiden potilaskertomustietoja sopivaan vertailuryhmään ja soveltuvissa osin tutkimuksen I tietoihin. Tulokset Tutkimus I osoitti, että 23 % kaikista potilaista, jotka olivat saaneet sytostaattihoitoa viimeisen elinvuotensa aikana, saivat sitä myös viimeisenä elinkuukautenaan. Tutkimus osoitti myös, että viimeisen elinkuukauden aikana annetulla sytostaattihoidolla oli yhteisvaihtelua seuraavien tekijöiden kanssa: useat sairaalahoidot kuukauden sisällä viimeisestä sytostaatti-hoidosta, vähemmän hoidon lopettamispäätöksiä ja harvemmat ryhmään kuuluvista potilaista kuolivat kotona. Tutkimuksessa II todettiin, että laadittu lomake osoitti merkkejä sekä reliabiliteetista, validiteetista että kyvystä havaita erot sellaisten potilaiden välillä, joiden yleistila heikkeni tutkimuksen aikana. Tutkimus III osoitti, että palliatiiviset sytostaatit voidaan kokea potentteina ja ennalta arvaamattomina lääkkeinä. Ne voivat kuitenkin olla ongelmallisia hoitaville sairaanhoitajille silloin, kun sytostaattihoitoa annetaan potilaille, jotka ovat syöpäsairautensa heikentämiä. Sairaanhoitajat kokivat, että he joskus hoitopäätöksiä tehtäessä joutuivat lääkäreiden, potilaiden ja läheisten "väliin" olematta kuitenkaan itse osallisia kommunikaatiosta. Tutkimus IV ei osoittanut, että tutkimuksessa II laaditun lomakkeen avulla suoritetulla rutiininomaisella yleistilan monitoroinnilla olisi mitään tilastollisesti osoitettavaa tehoa. Sillä ei ollut vaikutusta viimeisen elin-kuukauden aikana annettuun hoitoon, sairaalahoitojaksoihin, doku-mentoituihin hoidon lopettamispäätöksiin tai potilaan kuolinpaikkaan. Sairaanhoitajat ilmoittivat kuitenkin, että lomake antoi heille arvokasta tietoa potilaan yleiskunnosta ennen hoitoa. Kliininen hyöty tulevaisuudessa Tutkimuksen tuloksista voivat hyötyä kaikki sytostaattihoitoon osalliset, potilas, läheiset, sairaanhoitaja ja lääkäri; päätösprosessissa, joka koskee hoidon jatkamista tai lopettamista. On kehitettävä entistä parempia menetelmiä yleistilan arvioimiseksi ennen sytostaattihoidon aloittamista. Tulevassa tutkimuksessa voitaisiin tutkimuksen lomakkeesta kehittää sähköinen lomake, jolla tulokset kirjataan potilaskertomukseen, josta sekä sairaanhoitajat että lääkärit saavat tiedot ennen hoitopäätösten tekemistä. Johtopäätökset Elämän loppuvaiheessa annettu palliatiivinen sytostaattihoito voi aiheuttaa tilanteita, jotka voidaan kokea ongelmallisina sekä potilaan että hoitohenkilökunnan kannalta. Tutkimuksissa 23–25 % potilaista sai sytostaatti-hoitoa viimeisen elinkuukautensa aikana. Näitä potilaita hoidettiin useammin sairaalassa ja harvemmat heistä saivat kuolla kotonaan. Omien kuvaustensa mukaan sairaanhoitajat kokivat tietyissä tapauksissa joutuneensa "väliin" sytostaattihoidon jatkamista tai lopettamista koske-vassa päätösprosessissa. Sytostaattihoidon ennalta arvaamattomuus osoittautui tutkielman läpikäyväksi teemaksi. Tämä ennalta arvaamattomuus merkitsee sitä, että on erittäin tärkeä räätälöidä hoito jokaiselle potilaalle yksilöllisesti. Tutkielman puitteissa laadittu lomake voisi antaa lisämahdollisuuksia käyttää entistä objektiivisemmin yleistilaa parametrina, kun tehdään hoitopäätöksiä potilaan elämän loppuvaiheessa. Osoittautui, että lomake antaa sairaanhoitajille tärkeää tietoa potilaiden kokemasta yleistilasta vaikka tämä tutkimus ei osoittanutkaan tilastollisesti vahvistettavia eroja lomaketta käyttäneiden ja vertailuryhmän potilaiden välillä. Vaaditaan lisätutkimusta, jotta voitaisiin optimoida päätökset, jotka koskevat palliatiivista sytostaatti-hoitoa elämän loppuvaiheen lähestyessä.
Sidler, Daniel. "Medical futility as an action guide in neonatal end-of-life decisions". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50017.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis discusses the value of medical futility as an action guide for neonatal endof- life decisions. The concept is contextualized within the narrative of medical progress, the uncertainty of medical prognostication and the difficulty of just resource allocation, within the unique African situation where children are worse off today than they were at the beginning of the last century. parties actively engage in an interactive deliberation for a plan of action. Both parties ought to accept moral responsibility. Such a model of deliberation has the added advantage of transcending the limitations of the participants to arrive at a higher-level solution, which is considered more than just a consensus. It has been argued that medical progress has obscured the basic need for human compassion for the dying and for their loved ones. The literature furthermore reports that the quality of end-of-life care is unsatisfactory for both patients and their families. It is within this context that the concept of medical futility is positioned as a useful action guide. As we do not have the luxury of withdrawing from the responsibility to engage in the deliberation of end-of-life decisions, such responsibility demands an increasing awareness of ethical dilemmas and a model of medical training where communication, conflict-resolution, inclusive history taking, with assessment of patient values and preferences, is focussed on. The capacity for empathetic care has to be emphasized as an integral part of such approach. Finally, in this thesis, the concept of medical futility is tested and applied to clinical case scenarios. It is argued that the traditional medical paradigm, with its justification of an 'all out war' against disease and death, in order to achieve utopia for all, is outdated. Death in the neonatal intensive care unit is increasingly attributed to end-of-life decisions. Futile treatment could be considered a waste of scarce resources, contradicting the principle of nonmaleficence and justice, particularly in an African context. The ongoing confidence in, and uncritical submission to the technological progress in medicine is understood as a defence and coping mechanism against the backdrop of the experience of life's fragility, suffering and the inevitability of death. Such uncritical acceptance of the technological imperative could lead to a harmful fallacy that cure is effected by prolonging life at all cost. What actually occurs, instead, is the prolongation of the dying process, increasing suffering for all parties involved. The historical development of the concept of medical futility is discussed, highlighting its applicability to the paradigmatic scenario of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Particular attention is given to ways in which the concept could endanger patient-autonomy by allowing physicians to make unilateral, paternalistic decisions. It is argued that the informative model of the patient-physician relationship, where the physician's role is to disclose information in order for the patient to indicate her preferences, ought to be replaced by a more adequate deliberative model, where both
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bespreek die waarde van mediese futiliteit as 'n maatstaf vir aksie in gevalle van neonatale 'einde-van-lewe' besluite. Die konsep word gekontekstualiseer binne die wêreldbeskouing van mediese vooruitgang, die onsekerheid van mediese prognostikering en die probleme wat geassosieer IS met regverdige hulpbrontoekenning; spesifiek binne die unieke Afrika-situasie. Dit word aangevoer dat die tradisionele mediese paradigma, met regverdiging vir voorkoming van siekte en dood ten alle koste, verouderd is. Sterftes in neonatale intensiewe sorgeenhede word toenemend toegeskryf aan 'einde-van-lewe' besluite Futiele behandeling sou dus beskou kon word as 'n vermorsing van skaars hulpbronne, wat teenstrydig sou wees met die beginsels nie-skadelikheid ('nonmaleficence') en regverdigheid. Die volgehoue vertroue in en onkritiese aanvaarding van aansprake op tegnologiese vooruitgang lil geneeskunde, kan beskou word as verdediging- en hanteringsmeganisme in die belewenis van lewenskwesbaarheid, lyding en die onafwendbaarheid van die dood. Sodanige onkritiese aanvaarding van die tegnologiese imperatief kan tot 'n onverantwoordbare denkfout, naamlik dat genesing plaasvind deur verlenging van lewe ten alle koste, lei. Wat hierteenoor eerder mag plaasvind, is 'n verlenging die sterwensproses en, gepaard daarmee, toenemende lyding van all betrokke partye. Die historiese ontwikkeling van die konsep van mediese futiliteit word bespreek met klem op die toepaslikheid daarvan op die paradigmatiese situasie van kardiopulmonêre resussitasie. Spesifieke aandag word gegee aan maniere waarop die konsep pasiënte se outonomie in gevaar stel, deur die betrokke medici die reg te gee tot eensydige, paternalistiese besluitneming. Die argument is dan dat die informatiewe model, waar die verhouding tussen die dokter en pasiënt gebasseer is op die beginsel dat die dokter inligting moet verskaf aan die pasiënt sodat die pasiënt 'n ingeligte besluit kan neem, vervang moet word met 'n meer toepaslike beraadslagende model, waar sowel die dokter as die pasiënt aktief deelneem aan interaktiewe beraadslaging oor 'n aksieplan. Albei partye word dan moreel verantwoordbaar. So 'n model van beraadslaging het die bykomende voordeel dat dit die beperkings van die deelnemers kan transendeer. Sodoende word 'n hoër-vlak oplossing - iets meer as 'n blote consensus - te weeg gebring. Die argument word ontwikkel dat mediese vooruitgang meelewing met die sterwendes en hul geliefdes mag verberg. Verder dui die literatuur daarop dat die kwaliteit van einde-van-lewe-sorg vir sowel die pasiënte as hul familie onaanvaarbaar is. Dit is binne hierdie konteks dat die konsep van mediese futiliteit kan dien as 'n maatstaf vir aksie. Medici kan nie verantwoordelikheid vir deelname aan beraadslaging rondom eindevan- lewe beluitneming vermy nie, en as sodanig vereis die situasie toenemende bewustheid van sowel die etiese dilemmas as 'n mediese opleidingsmodel waann kommunikasie, konflikhantering, omvattende geskiedenis-neming, met insluiting van die pasient se waardes en voorkeure, beklemtoon word. Die kapasiteit vir empatiese sorg moet weer eens beklemtoon word as 'n integrale deel van hierdie benadering. Ten slotte, hierdie tesis poog om die konsep van mediese futiliteit te toets en toe te pas op kliniese situasies.
Cowey, Eileen Stewart. "Using an end-of-life care pathway in acute stroke : a mixed methods study of decision-making and care experiences". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7653/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaker, Marjorie Elizabeth. "Advance directives : an examination of the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of health care social workers toward end-of-life decision- making /". Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1243366206.
Pełny tekst źródłaGreen, Laura I. "Here, there is nobody. An ethnography of older people's end-of-life care in hospital". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17231.
Pełny tekst źródłaYoung, Sandra K. "Decision making needs of family caregivers of terminally ill patients regarding place of care at the end of life: A pilot study". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27309.
Pełny tekst źródłaIasevoli, Mario. "Decisioni ed opinioni nel fine vita: confronto tra i diversi professionisti coinvolti nell'assistenza al paziente. Lo studio pilota E.L.D.Y". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422621.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: Per molto tempo l'orientamento dei clinici nei confronti della morte si è incentrato sul solo processo patologico della disfunzione d'organo, mentre la pratica clinica rivela sempre più la natura olistica e multidisfunzionale della morte, da intendere non solo in termini di processo biologico, ma anche psicologico e sociale coinvolgente l'individuo nella sua globalità . Nei paesi sviluppati, inoltre, le cause che portano al decesso sono ampiamente mutate: prevalgono oggi le patologie croniche e degenerative con un aumento di persone che giungono al decesso in condizioni ampiamente medicalizzate o in stato morboso terminale protratto correlato agli avanzamenti della tecnologia medica e alla maggiore aspettativa di vita. Quindi ciò che accade negli ultimi frangenti della vita è ancora oggi origine di numerose questioni etiche ed incertezze nelle decisioni che vanno assunte nella pratica clinica, in particolare nella sospensione o astensione di un trattamento. La riflessione multidisciplinare su tali problemi ha portato ad un forte aumento dell'interesse verso il fine vita di numerosi ricercatori nazionali ed internazionali, evidenziando una crescente modifica del pensiero comune ed una differenza di approccio a tali argomenti da parte di medici e professionisti italiani rispetto ai colleghi europei e/o americani. In letteratura sono esigui i lavori in ambito geriatrico, in particolar modo in Italia. Scopi: Gli obiettivi primari dello studio ELDY (End of Life Decisions studY) erano: 1) studiare la frequenza e la tipologia delle decisioni assunte da Medici ed Infermieri coinvolti nel campo geriatrico nella pratica clinica durante la fase terminale della vita dei pazienti; 2) indagare le opinioni riguardanti le decisioni di fine vita dei Medici e del rimanente personale socio-sanitario impegnato nell'assistenza al paziente anziano; 3) confrontare i risultati ottenuti con lavori similari condotti nel contesto europeo ed italiano. Gli obiettivi secondari erano: 4) individuare le potenziali associazioni esistenti tra le diverse opinioni riguardo le decisioni di fine vita e talune caratteristiche culturali e lavorative dei professionisti; 5) realizzare e valutare la validità di un nuovo questionario più adeguato al contesto italiano, pensato per indagare le opinioni e le decisioni di fine vita assunte dai professionisti nell'assistenza al paziente terminale. Materiali e Metodi: E' stato elaborato un nuovo questionario di valutazione, mediante un articolato lavoro interdisciplinare che ha tenuto in considerazione le critiche rivolte a precedenti studi nazionali ed internazionali, e successivamente inviato a circa 5000 tra Medici, Infermieri, Operatori Socio-Sanitari, Psicologi e altro personale delle unità operative di assistenza al paziente anziano del Veneto e Trentino Alto-Adige. Inoltre è stato realizzato un apposito sito internet per compilare o scaricare il materiale. Il questionario era costituito da tre parti: la prima (Q1) compilabile solo da Medici e Infermieri e riguardante le decisioni assunte in riferimento all'ultimo decesso cui il professionista ha assistito; la seconda parte (Q2) destinata a tutto il personale socio-sanitario, volta ad indagare le opinioni e le convinzioni in merito alle decisioni di fine vita; la terza parte (Q3) era adibita ad identificare alcune caratteristiche generali del professionista. Risultati: Hanno risposto al questionario 1051 professionisti socio-sanitari: 205 Medici (MD), 508 Infermieri (IP), 173 Operatori Socio-Sanitari (OSS), 106 Psicologi (PSY) e 59 di altro personale. I questionari che rispondevano ai criteri di selezione per l'analisi statistica erano 633 per quanto riguarda le decisioni assunte e 990 per quanto riguarda le opinioni dichiarate. Relativamente alle decisioni assunte: il 97% dei medici ed infermieri afferma di non essere intervenuto in maniera diretta ed intenzionale per anticipare la fine della vita. Sono stati dichiarati: 2 casi di eutanasia (MD: 1 e IP: 1); 12 casi di soppressione della vita senza esplicita richiesta del paziente (MD: 2 e IP: 10); 2 casi di decesso in seguito ad atti compiuti con l'esplicita intenzione di anticipare la fine della vita senza specificare, però, chi fosse il soggetto agente (paziente, medico, infermiere o altro); nessun caso di suicidio medicalmente assistito. Il 53.2% dei rispondenti ha affermato di aver iniziato o non interrotto un trattamento, tenendo in considerazione la possibilità che questo atto potesse prolungare la vita del paziente; il 21.2%, invece, ha dichiarato di non aver iniziato o di aver interrotto un trattamento tenendo in considerazione la possibilità oppure con l'intenzione precisa che questo atto potesse anticipare la morte del paziente già in fase terminale. Per quanto riguarda invece le opinioni: solo una minor parte dei professionisti concorda con principio dell'indisponibilità della vita (MD: 31.4%, IP: 21%, OSS: 32.4%, PSY: 13.5%), mentre la maggior parte dei rispondenti è favorevole al "diritto del paziente di decidere" sulla possibilità di anticipare la fine della vita (MD: 46.1%, IP: 59.1%, OSS: 59.3%, PSY: 61%) e sulla possibilità di non attuare o di interrompere trattamenti di sostegno vitale (MD: 74.5%, IP: 79%, OSS: 75.1%, PSY: 88.5%). Pareri sostanzialmente concordanti tra i vari professionisti sono emersi, in caso di paziente non competente, in merito alla nomina di un fiduciario per assumere decisioni di anticipare la fine della vita (MD: 79.9%, IP: 76.4%, OSS: 73.1%, PSY: 88.6%) e alla predisposizione di direttive anticipate relative alla non attuazione o interruzione di trattamenti di sostegno vitale (MD: 60.5%, IP: 61.3%, OSS: 64.9.%, PSY: 72.1%). Un'ampia maggioranza di professionisti, inoltre, concorda con l'utilità nelle decisioni di fine vita di un approccio interdisciplinare in cui siano presenti non solo figure mediche e infermieristiche (MD: 82%, IP: 83.9%, OSS: 76.3%, PSY 96.2%). Conclusioni: 1) Sia medici che infermieri assumono decisioni con la possibilità o con l'intenzione di anticipare la fine della vita. 2) I differenti professionisti presentano pareri concordanti per quanto riguarda, ad esempio: il principio della disponibilità della vita umana, l'importanza di nominare un fiduciario in caso di non competenza, il coinvolgimento dei familiari nel processo decisionale, il soddisfare la richiesta di non trattamento e di rispettare le dichiarazioni anticipate, l'importanza del sollievo del dolore, della qualità di vita, del rispetto della dignità e volontà del paziente terminale. Pareri discordanti presentano, invece, in merito alle pratiche eutanasiche. 3) Alcune rilevanti concordanze con lavori precedenti sembrano avvalorare le risposte da noi riscontrate e confermare un avvicinamento dei medici italiani ai colleghi europei, sia sulle pratiche, che sulle opinioni di fine vita. 4) Il personale sanitario non medico si dimostra più favorevole al principio dell'autodeterminazione del paziente, alla delega ai parenti delle decisioni da assumere nelle fasi terminali della vita in caso di non competenza e alla possibilità di consentire l'uso di farmaci in dosi letali. Tra i medici d'accordo che la vita è un bene indisponibile e non esiste un "diritto a morire", nessuno ha attuato una forma di morte medicalmente assistita, viceversa, più della metà di chi non lo era ha poi dichiarato di aver attuato una decisione di fine vita nell'ultimo decesso seguito. 5) Sembrano esistere discordanze tra i medici italiani ed europei e tra i vari professionisti coinvolti nello studio in merito all'approccio comunicativo nel fine vita. 6) Alla luce delle elevate percentuali d'interesse, delle ulteriori richieste di approfondimento di tali temi e del numero di rispondenti, si può ritenere raggiunto l'obiettivo che prevedeva l'elaborazione di un nuovo strumento utile ad esplorare efficacemente le questioni bioetiche inerenti il fine vita tra i professionisti coinvolti nel campo geriatrico. Esso può divenire un mezzo utile per monitorare l'andamento delle opinioni e delle pratiche del personale medico e non. Infine potrebbe essere estendibile oltre il campo geriatrico, a livello nazionale ed internazionale
Fuseya, Yoshinori. "Perspectives on End-of-Life Treatment among Patients with COPD: A Multicenter, Cross-sectional Study in Japan". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/252978.
Pełny tekst źródłaDzeng, Elizabeth. "The influence of hospital policies and culture on 'do-not-resuscitate' decision-making at the end of life : a sociological and ethical analysis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269729.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrogan, Paula. "Exploring the process of shared decision-making between patients, families and healthcare professionals at the end-of-life in a community context: a case-study approach". Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667757.
Pełny tekst źródłaLEIPOLDT, Erik, i eleipoldt@upnaway com. "Good life in the balance: a cross-national study of Dutch and Australian disability perspectives on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide". Edith Cowan University. Education And Arts: School Of, 2003. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0010.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaBergström, Paulina, i Cecilia Ferm. "Dilemma vid vård i livets slutskede- HLR eller ej-HLR - patientens, anhörigas samt sjuksköterskans involvering i beslutsprocessen - En systematisk litteraturstudie". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25410.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract: Decisions regarding patient’s CPR status are made by doctors, but the process that causes the decision should involve several parties. In accordance with the autonomy principle, patients should be involved in the decisions that affect their own care. The aim of this study was to examine some questions regarding CPR / DNR in the final stages of life. The method was a systematic literature review, based on ten articles. The literature search was performed in the databases PubMed and CINAHL, as well as manual searches. Both qualitative and quantitative articles were included in the literature review. The results revealed three main themes and two sub-themes. The theme that emerged most clearly in the results was: information in final stages of life. The need for information regarding CPR, among patient’s cared for at the end of life, differs and should be individualized. Because nurses often are the ones who have most contact with terminally ill patients, it is essential that they get involved in decision making. It also revealed that the patient’s quality of life is a factor influencing the decision regarding CPR. The perception of quality of life is individual and can therefore be difficult for others to judge. Protecting patients’ rights to autonomy is essential, especially regarding vital decisions. General Nurses role, when caring for patients in their final stages of life, should therefore be, in the best possible way, to accommodate the patients and by doing so also help to ease the relative’s grief.
Holmgren, Malin, i Annika Åberg. "Vård vid livets slut av personer med demens inom slutenvården : en litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this study was to describe common problems and factors affecting decision making in the care of people with dementia in the final stages of life in residential homes. Search for articles in databases Cinahl and Medline via PubMed resulted in the inclusion of 15 scientific articles. The results showed that problems with nutritional intake and complications such as pneumonia, fever and pain were common for people with dementia in the final stages of life. Several suffered from pressure sores and physical disabilities such as bed rails and belts were often used. There were deficiencies in communication between health care professionals and relatives. Health care professionals had poor knowledge about dementia as a disease and its symptoms. Disease development of dementia was difficult to predict which made it difficult to plan for the final stages of life. The aim of nursing care at the end of life was well-being. An idea of how the quality of life was for the persons with dementia was important to how health care professionals and relatives decided on nursing care. In their decision-making relatives gave great importance if the persons with dementia had written down their wishes, regarding care at the end of life, before they deteriorated in the disease. The attitudes towards death affected both nursing staff and relatives wish to make plans for the end-of-life care. It is important to reflect on how the care of people with dementia in the final stages of life is like and this is facilitated by the existence of knowledge about common problems and factors affecting decision making in nursing care.
Leipoldt, Erik A. "Good life in the balance: A cross-national study of Dutch and Australian disability perspectives on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/116.
Pełny tekst źródłaMokhtari, Mostafa. "Processus décisionnel de fin de vie en réanimation néonatale : arbitrer entre le certain et l'incertain". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS431/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe end-of-life (EOL) decision-making process remains a particular event that confronts health care teams with their doubts and uncertainties. Indeed, for such a decision to made, there must be some doubt and uncertainty, otherwise, instead of being a conscious “decision”, it becomes a simple application of prior knowledge. EOL decisions are not simply a case of the decision-maker overcoming his or her indecisiveness. In this work, I examine the role of the doctor as an arbitrator in the conflict between the certain and the uncertain in EOL situations in the neonatal period. I have based my work on the analysis of the trajectories of six clinical observations drawn from my own experience, which illustrate, better than a long speech, the notion of the certain and the uncertain, and give these abstract concepts a concrete and practical meaning.To explore the notion of the uncertain during the decision-making process in EOL situations, is to accept to go against the dominant medical culture that values certainty, because uncertainty is negatively perceived amongst caregivers. However, doubt can have a beneficial effect on the decision-making process itself, and on the consequences of the decision taken, since it encourages discussion between caregivers and allows time for decision-making. Thus, he or she who doubts is not ignorant, but cautious in the Aristotelian sense, when trying to deliberate a choice by subjecting it to the criticism of others as part of a procedure of collegial reflection.In this work, I also show that doubt and uncertainty compel the decision-maker to confront his or her personal convictions, which constitutes ethical ethics, with his or her responsibility, which is teleological ethics. It is only in the tension between these two ethics that the caregiver can decide with peace of mind
Rutherford, Jodhi. "What the doctor would prescribe: Medical practitioner perspectives and experiences of the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (Vic)". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211387/1/Jodhi_Rutherford_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLima, Edna Porfírio de. "Diretivas antecipadas de vontade em unidades de terapia intensiva das regiões Norte e Sul do Brasil". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/104087.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduction: Technological advancements in the medical field have undoubtedly brought forth positive aspects to man such as saving lives. On the other hand, these advancements have contributed fearlessly to prolong these lives raising a great deal of questioning from a bioethical viewpoint mainly in the area of Intensive Therapy. Such area frequently deals with patients in the end of life and some who has lost the capacity to exercise autonomy. Objectives: to evaluate the opinion of physicians who work at Intensive Care Units (ICUs) regarding advance directives (AD) of patients and as specific objectives to evaluate the knowledge and values associated to AD; identify possible factors that can interfere with decision making process; evaluate the psychological-moral development of these physicians as a means to exam their capacity to make decision and compare these features between physicians who work in Belém do Pará and in Porto Alegre. Method: This is a transversal study based on population involving ICUs of six public hospitals five in Pará and one in Rio Grande do Sul. Two tools were used in data collection process, a self-completed questionnaire composed of social demographic data and features of the professional, questions related to the theme and four different settings were presented to evaluate the position of the physicians. The second tool sought to assess the psychological-moral development of the professionals. The data were assessed in terms of quantity and quality. Results: The 115 participants in the research were between de 26 a 63 years old, with mean age 40,59±9,06. Most of them reported some kind of religious practice (54,8%) showing significant statistic association between the groups evaluated (p<0,001), in Belém 76,4% of the physicians had some religious practice and in Porto Alegre 35%, Catholicism predominating. Amongst the participants most of them had been graduated for more than 10 years (66,9%), the same was seen regarding time of activity at ICU (50,4%). Most of these were Intensive Care Physicians (63,5%). Three significant associations were perceived in relations to the specialties: entitling in Intensive Medicine associated to Porto Alegre (P<0,001) and General Surgery (P<0,001) and the lack of specialized entitling (P<0,005) to Belém. Regarding to psychological-moral development, four stages were observed: conformist (2,5%), conscientious (44,1%), autonomous (44,1%) and integrated (6,8%). In regard to knowledge of AD, most of the participants (83,5%) claimed to know it. In relation to the use of this tool (80,9%) was favorable, followed by those who would maybe use it (14,8%) and those who would not use it (4,3%), showing significant association between the groups (P=0,013), evidencing the answer "yes" for Porto Alegre and "no" for Belém. The main justification for the use of AD was the autonomy (67,7%). Among the participants who would maybe use such document, the justification was that it could hinder the decision (29,3%). As for the necessity of specific legislation, most of the physicians were favorable (88,7%) revealing a significant statistic association (P=0,045) between the groups, where Belém associated to a more legalistic position. The most common justification for legislation was legal support (53,9%). In case of specific legislation most of the physicians (81,7%) would comply with the AD. In the first setting, most of the physicians (94,0%) would take into account the will of the patient in different levels revealing a significant association between the groups (P=0,004). In the second setting 80,0% considered the patient’s will as determinant. In the third (96,5%) would consider the patient’s will in different degrees highlighting (71,3%) the patient’s will as determinant, with significant association between the groups (P=0,003). In the fourth setting, most of the physicians (86,1%) would also consider the patient’s will in different degrees with significant association (P=0,001) between the groups. As regards the justification to introduce or not futile therapy (83,5%) considered both justifiable showing significant statistic between the groups (P=0,001). Related to the factors that influence decision making, the most frequent were ethical (94,8%), legal (88,7%), moral (73,9%), technical (67,0%) and the religious aspects of the patient (52,2%). Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that the physicians participating in this study know and would use advance directives, but they recognize the need of specific legal support in this matter. Data resulting from this study reveal that physicians value the will of the patient and seek to make shared decisions. Furthermore, the regional influence is evident in the factors related to decision making process.
Button, Elise B. "Identifying risk of deteriorating and dying in people with a haematological malignancy". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/115539/2/Elise%20Button%20Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLesieur, Olivier. "Fin de vie programmée et don d'organes : enjeux individuels, communautaires et prudentiels". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB127/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOrgan transplantation saves lives of many persons who otherwise would die from end-stage organ disease. In the past decades the need for transplants has grown faster than the number of available organs. This increasing requirement for donated organs has led to a renewed interest in donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD). In some countries including France, terminally ill patients who die of cardiac arrest after a planned withdrawal of life support may be considered as organ donors (controlled DCDD). Before 2005 French rules were not designed for such practices. With regard to patients in final stage of incurable diseases, the law number 2005-370 of April 22, 2005 authorizes the withholding or withdrawal of treatments when they appear "useless, disproportionate or having no other effect than solely the artificial preservation of life". Advocates of the controlled DCDD argue that the end-of-life care plan should incorporate the patient's wishes concerning organ donation and the public interest of transplantation. Until 2014, most French medical academics regarded the perceived conflict of interest that would arise for clinicians treating potential donors as a major ethical question. As the French program started at the end of 2014 in a few pilot sites, we thus examine the practical, legal and ethical issues that arise in considering controlled DCDD, including determination of the donor's overall benefit, debates relating to the diagnosis and time of death, and factors determining how life-sustaining treatment is to be withdrawn
Cleary, Christine Ann. "The Blame Game: An Axiological Approach to the Doctrine of Doing and Allowing". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1385376307.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartinez-Leal, Jorge. "Développement d’outils d’aide à la décision en conception pilotés par l’analyse multicritère de la valorisabilité du produit et l’outillage des lignes directrices d’écoconception pour la fin de vie". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0062.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurrent regulations encourage designers and manufacturers to engage in circular economy and eco-design approaches in order to mitigate the environmental impact of their products. Today, design choices are mainly driven by product recoverability assessment. Guidelines associated with design for X approaches are then used as a decision-making tool for finding solutions. It is therefore necessary to establish a link between the assessed recoverability and eco-design guidelines so that designers can better interpret the information they are given and simplify their design process accordingly. An inventory of these guidelines combined with an eco-design for an end-of-life approach makes it possible to identify the associated levers for action. However, there is only minimal correlation between recoverability indicators and the levers associated with the guidelines. Therefore, this proposal aims to build an indicator-based decision-making design methodology based on a multi-criteria analysis of the product's recoverability. It is enhanced by a tooled guide based on eco-design for end-of-life guidelines. The proposed approach has been validated through the study of a Fairphone® included in the WEEE recycling chain