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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Emptying reservoirs"
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Barton, Samantha. "Emptying reservoirs of latent HIV-1". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 4, nr 11 (24.10.2005): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1888.
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Smith, Nicholas M., Hossein Ebrahimi, Ranajay Ghosh i Andrew K. Dickerson. "High-speed microjets issue from bursting oil gland reservoirs of citrus fruit". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, nr 26 (11.06.2018): E5887—E5895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720809115.
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The rupture of oil gland reservoirs housed near the outer surface of the citrus exocarp is a common experience to the discerning citrus consumer and bartenders the world over. These reservoirs often rupture outwardly in response to bending the peel, which compresses the soft material surrounding the reservoirs, the albedo, increasing fluid pressure in the reservoir. Ultimately, fluid pressure exceeds the failure strength of the outermost membrane, the flavedo. The ensuing high-velocity discharge of oil and exhaustive emptying of oil gland reservoirs creates a method for jetting small quantities of the aromatic oil. We compare this jetting behavior across five citrus hybrids through high-speed videography. The jetting oil undergoes an extreme acceleration to reach velocities in excess of 10 m/s. Through material characterization and finite element simulations, we rationalize the combination of tuned material properties and geometries enabling the internal reservoir pressures that produce explosive dispersal, finding the composite structure of the citrus peel is critical for microjet production.
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Shagapov, V. Sh, i G. Ya Galeeva. "The emptying of channels and reservoirs accompanied by boiling". High Temperature 48, nr 3 (czerwiec 2010): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0018151x10030132.
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Mohafid, Said, Laila Stour i Ali Agoumi. "Quantitative assessment of sedimentation in Moroccan dam reservoirs: analysis and projections". Multidisciplinary Science Journal 6, nr 7 (13.01.2024): 2024105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024105.
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The siltation of dam reservoirs is the phenomenon that most embarrasses dam managers and water reservoir operators. In Morocco, this phenomenon affects all the watersheds to different degrees. Dam managers schedule bathymetric measurement companies to estimate the quantities of mud deposited in reservoirs. These companies are neither regular in time nor generalized on the 152 large dams of the Kingdom because of the high cost of the bathymetry operations. In our research work, the bathymetric data available for about a century were collected, checked, corrected, and sorted to be exploited.In the next step, we extrapolated over time and updated the siltation rates for each dam according to the trend curves of the evolution of silted volume. Most of these trend curves were linear. For the nonlinear curves, we looked for explanations throughout history. These are dams whose reservoirs have undergone human intervention such as desilting operations or emptying of reservoirs, or following natural phenomena such as drought or exceptional floods. The research work subsequently made it possible to estimate the annual siltation rates for 53 large dams whose reservoir capacities total approximately 92% of that of the entire country. It also revealed an overall siltation rate of 18.14% for the entire country and rates ranging from 10% to 52% for each watershed. The discussions of these results in this article give explanations on the highest rates, based on the natural data of the watersheds in question. These results will help decision-makers to define the priorities of desilting operations or the construction of new dams, help investors and industrialists wishing to extract and use mud from dam reservoirs as raw material, and can also be used in various scientific fields such as dam reservoir management, flood risk prevention, environmental impact studies, spatial planning, and research and development studies.
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Mhiribidi, Delight, Joel Nobert, Webster Gumindoga i Donald T. Rwasoka. "Optimal water resource allocation modelling in the Lowveld of Zimbabwe". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (29.05.2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-67-2018.
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Abstract. The management and allocation of water from multi-reservoir systems is complex and thus requires dynamic modelling systems to achieve optimality. A multi-reservoir system in the Southern Lowveld of Zimbabwe is used for irrigation of sugarcane estates that produce sugar for both local and export consumption. The system is burdened with water allocation problems, made worse by decommissioning of dams. Thus the aim of this research was to develop an operating policy model for the Lowveld multi-reservoir system.The Mann Kendall Trend and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to assess the variability of historic monthly rainfall and dam inflows for the period 1899–2015. The WEAP model was set up to evaluate the water allocation system of the catchment and come-up with a reference scenario for the 2015/2016 hydrologic year. Stochastic Dynamic Programming approach was used for optimisation of the multi-reservoirs releases.Results showed no significant trend in the rainfall but a significantly decreasing trend in inflows (p < 0.05). The water allocation model (WEAP) showed significant deficits ( ∼ 40 %) in irrigation water allocation in the reference scenario. The optimal rule curves for all the twelve months for each reservoir were obtained and considered to be a proper guideline for solving multi- reservoir management problems within the catchment. The rule curves are effective tools in guiding decision makers in the release of water without emptying the reservoirs but at the same time satisfying the demands based on the inflow, initial storage and end of month storage.
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Ari Wulandari, Dyah, Suseno Darsono i Dwi Kurniani. "Optimization of Gunungrowo Reservoir operation". MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927004016.
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Inaccurate water release has occurred from Gunungrowo Reservoir. In May–June, there is excess water release from Gunungrowo Reservoir while in the period from July to August there is a shortage of water release. Therefore the reservoir operation should be evaluated and updated in order to obtain optimal results and to adjust the changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existing reservoir operation and to carry out an optimization to find the optimal reservoir operation. The objective is to conduct hydrological analysis, evaluate the reservoir operation, formulate a model of reservoir operation, optimize the reservoir operation, and analyse the results of reservoir operation optimization. Optimization of reservoir operation generates the water level of reservoirs and the release of water in each period as well as the objective function value under each scenario of reservoir operation. The existing reservoir operation is not optimal and has a reliability of only 24%. In the operation of the existing reservoir, emptying of the reservoir storage always happens and inaccuracies in the release of water have occurred. The optimal reservoir operation is scenario I, with a reliability of 75%, in which water is released in Planting Season II and Planting Season III.
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Al-Amoud, A. I., H. M. Hathoot i F. S. Mohammad. "On the Estimation of the Time Required for Emptying Cylindrical Reservoirs Connected to Pipes". Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences 9, nr 1 (1997): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1018-3639(18)30671-8.
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Menéndez, Javier, i Jorge Loredo. "Numerical modelling of water subsurface reservoirs during the operation phase in underground pumped storage hydropower plants". E3S Web of Conferences 152 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015202001.
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Underground pumped storage hydropower (UPSH) plants may be an alternative to store subsurface energy with lower environmental impacts than conventional pumped storage hydropower (PSH) plants. Network of tunnels in closed mines (i.e. coal mines) could be used as water lower reservoir of UPSH plants. The amount of storable energy depends on the water mass and the net head between upper and lower reservoirs. Depending on the direction of the water flow rate, pumping or turbine modes may be used to produce or consume electrical energy. Filling and emptying processes during the operation stage in the underground reservoir are complicated due to the presence of two fluids (water and air) interacting inside the network of tunnels. This paper explores the underground reservoir during the operation stage considering a water flow rate of 55 m3s-1. Two-phase three dimensional CFD numerical models using Ansys Fluent have been developed in order to know the behaviour of the air flow on tunnels and ventilation shaft. Static pressure and air velocity have been analyzed in the simulations at the exit of the ventilation shaft as well as the junction zone between the ventilation shaft and the tunnels network. The results obtained show that a static pressure up to 8,600 Pa and air velocities up to 80 m s-1 could be reached in turbine mode considering a vent shaft with 1 m in diameter. The static pressure increases up to 258,000 Pa if a ventilation shaft of 0.5 m in diameter is considered.
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Dumka, Rakesh, Pallabee Choudhury, V. K. Gahalaut, Kalpna Gahalaut i Rajeev Kumar Yadav. "GPS Measurements of Deformation Caused by Seasonal Filling and Emptying Cycles of Four Hydroelectric Reservoirs in India". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 108, nr 5B (25.09.2018): 2955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120170355.
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Bakiev, Masharif, Shakhnoza Djabbarova i Khojiakbar Khasanov. "Determination of the time of lowering depression surface in transition zones with a smooth and instantaneous decrease in water level in reservoir". E3S Web of Conferences 365 (2023): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336503014.
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The Republic of Uzbekistan pays great attention to the development and implementation of a program for the development of hydropower based on ensuring the share of hydropower in the energy potential and the integrated development of hydropower potential. Over the last three years, hydropower plants have been built or reconstructed in more than a dozen small and medium-sized earth dams to accomplish this task. Typically, unstable filtration is observed in the body of earth dams because of deviations from the normal filling and emptying of water reservoirs. The main goal of the research is to determine the time to lower the depression surface in the Tupalang earth dam transition zones, which characterizes the intensity of unstable filtration during a smooth and sudden drop in reservoir water level. The calculations were made according to the theoretical dependences of V.P.Nedriga for two cases of smooth and sudden lowering of the water level in the reservoir, starting from the normal backed level (NBL). In the calculations, the values of the main parameters were taken to be the coefficient of water loss of the soil (0.3), the coefficient of filtration of the transition zones (9.5 m/day), and the coefficient of laying the slope of the transition zones (0.2). Calculations showed that the time of lowering the depression surface in the transition zones with a gradual decrease in the water level in the reservoir was 84.1 days, and with an instantaneous decrease in the water level during the operation of a dam with a height of 120 m 3.86 days, and during the operation of a dam with a height of 185 m 6.82 days.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Emptying reservoirs"
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Monnet, Benjamin. "Fluides newtoniens et suspensions : bulle unique et vidange". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0014.
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Les écoulements multiphasiques (gaz/liquide/solide) sont présents dans de nombreux processus naturels et industriels. Malgré les nombreuses études sur ce sujet, sa physique riche et complexe soulève encore de nombreuses questions. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de quantifier d'une part la remontée d'une bulle unique dans un milieu confiné et d'autre part, la vidange d'un réservoir. Dans les deux cas, nous étudierons et comparerons les fluides newtoniens et les suspensions. Tout d'abord, nous avons regardé la vitesse et la forme d'une bulle remontant à la verticale dans un liquide newtonien. Un modèle théorique quantifiant la vitesse des bulles pour toute viscosité a été développé et vérifié expérimentalement. De plus, il a été noté que la forme des bulles est caractéristique du régime dans lequel elles sont, avec des bulles allongées dans le sens de leur remontée dans le régime visqueux et aplaties perpendiculairement dans le régime inertiel. Étonnamment, l'écoulement du fluide généré par les bulles change peu.La suite du manuscrit porte sur l'étude de la remontée d'une bulle unique en géométrie inclinée par rapport à la gravité. La forme des bulles change peu et uniquement pour les géométries les plus confinées. Nous montrons que l'inclinaison induit des frottements supplémentaires et en proposons une modélisation théorique.Nos travaux se sont ensuite focalisés sur la remontée de bulles dans des suspensions. Une méthode expérimentale permettant de visualiser les particules de cette dernière a été mise en place dans le but de déterminer expérimentalement la fraction volumique locale de grains.Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés à la vidange d'un réservoir rempli d'un liquide newtonien ou d'une suspension. Dans le premier cas, la diminution du débit volumique et de la fréquence des bulles avec la viscosité a été caractérisée. Dans le second cas, deux régimes distincts ont été observés, l'un où la suspension s'écoule comme un liquide et l'autre où des particules émergent, ce qui a pour conséquence d'accélérer la vidangeMultiphase flows (gas/liquid/solid) are omnipresent in natural and industrial process. Despite all the studies on this topic, its complex and rich physics still rises a lot of questions. We studied the rise of single bubbles in a confined environment as well as the emptying of a tank. In both cases, Newtonian fluids and suspensions are examined and compared. First of all, the speed and shape of a freely rising bubble in a vertical cell filled with Newtonian fluid have been looked in details. A theoretical model taking into account the fluid inertia predicting the bubbles speed has been established and experimentally verified. Besides, the bubbles shape strongly depends on the regime, with elongated bubbles in the direction of their movement in the viscous regime and flattened bubbles in the inertial regime. Surprisingly, the liquid flow generated by the bubble does not change significantly. The following chapter of the manuscript focuses on the rise of single bubbles in a geometry tilted with respect to the gravity. Bubbles shape slightly changes but only for the most confining geometries. The tilting induces additional friction that we modeled theoretically. Next, we focused on the rise of individual bubbles in a suspension. An experimental method designed to distinguish the particles in a suspension has been implemented in order to locally measure the volume fraction of grains. Finally, our work aimed at understanding the emptying of a tank filled with Newtonian fluid or suspension. In the former case, we quantified the decrease of flow rate and frequency of bubbles with the viscosity. In the latter case, two distinct regimes are noticeable: first, the suspension flows like a Newtonian fluid and latter, some particles emerge, fastening the emptying but making it incomplete
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Štěrba, Vítězslav. "Návrh zhášení zahořelého paliva v mlýnském okruhu kotle na Teplárně Karviná". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231251.
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This master´s thesis solves the coal dust autoignition problems in the heatplant Karviná. The first part is devoted to the combustion of pulverized coal possibilities and technical description at the heatplant Karviná equipment. The second part deals with the phenomenon of the coal self-ignition itself. In the last part the calculation of the mill circuit heat balance is solved as well as it´s inerting protection. The final part of the thesis is devoted to the coal powder reservoir, where the fuel blaze is the most common.
Części książek na temat "Emptying reservoirs"
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Crispim, M. C., i M. J. Boavida. "Comparison of rotifer communities in Maranhão Reservoir (Portugal) before its complete emptying and on refilling". W Rotifera VII, 325–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1583-1_41.
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Doshi, Nathan, Jacob Hancox, Polakrit Karkhai, Cameryn Smith, Adam Tawakkol, Spencer White, Elizabeth Bristow, Aaron Hill, Brad McCoy i Margaret Nowicki. "Designing a Physical Model for the Emsworth Lock and Dam Filling and Emptying System". W ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95481.
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Abstract Currently, the system of locks and dams within the United States operate where each system has a different component and needs different parts to complete the routine maintenance checks and procedures. Having unique components and parts for each lock and dam system drastically increases the costs required for the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to operate and maintain these locks and dams. One way to reduce these costs is to work towards and recommend standardized components for a lock and dam system. This process, especially for construction projects, is vital because it allows for simplification in the build and production stages of a project as well as life cycle maintenance. Understanding hydraulic design for the inflow and outflow of a lock system was an important consideration for this design project. Reducing hawser forces while maximizing the efficiency of the filling and emptying process is the overall goal for the design. To minimize hawser forces, mitigating the effects of hydrodynamic and hydrostatic forces is essential. This research also strives to gain additional understanding of the dynamic, turbulent nature of water in a lock and dam system. In the Emsworth Lock and Dam system, the top of rock for the riverbed is significantly higher than normal presenting unique challenges for modeling and simulation, as well as physical model construction. Critical to the design of a physical model is the determination of an adequate scaling factor that will not significantly affect the natural hydraulic processes within the system. As such, it is essential that appropriate theories are applied to remain consistent with proven methods of hydraulic scaling. Before selecting a scaling ratio, determining space limitations and a conceptual design of the model was necessary. This assisted in visualizing the model in the available spaces to ensure the design and manufacturing plan was realistic. The model contains three components: a main lock chamber, a higher elevation water reservoir, and a lower elevation water reservoir. The component that is most controlling to the design is the main lock chamber; this component cannot be altered in any way to meet the requirements of the floor space because any modifications would affect the results of the hawser force testing, and the model would not appropriately match reality. The physical model will be verified using the Froude equation — an equation that drives performance of models that are dependent on gravity. As such, when conducting any inflow or outflow of the water in the system, it is essential that the velocity is controlled such that the Froude value is consistent with that of the actual Emsworth Lock and Dam. The model must match a Froude number of 0.052 to effectively represent reality.
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Walthéry, Robert, Lucien Teunckens, Patrick Lewandowski, Danny Millen i Sven Baumann. "The Decontamination and Decommissioning of a 2 000 m3 Open Storage Pond for Liquid Waste and Sludges". W ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1227.
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Abstract In the beginning of April, 1998, Belgoprocess started the large scale decommissioning of shutdown facilities at the former waste treatment department of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN). In the second half of 2000, the decommissioning of a former open concrete storage pond was started. It has two parts, one with a volume of 200 m3, the other has a volume of 2 000 m3. In the past, the tanks were used as open cooling reservoir for the scrubber water of an incinerator for low level beta-gamma wastes. As a result, it contained some 126 Mg of sludges that were treated in a bituminisation facility. After emptying and rinsing of the tanks, samples were taken from the inner (brick) and the outer (concrete) wall to define the contamination levels in the material. It was found that the first layer of about one centimetre of the brick wall showed some radium contamination. Samples taken from the outer wall showed no contamination, which does not mean that the entire outer wall should be free of contamination. It was seen that the outer wall had some cracks, and there was no guarantee that a layer of bitumen in between the two walls was still in good condition. Also the top layer of the concrete bottom proved to be radium contaminated. The outer walls of the storage pond were supported by a thick layer of soil, which proved to contain some spots of contamination. The contaminated soil was segregated and evacuated, the remaining part was removed to a temporary storage area, waiting to be monitored for final unconditional release. The paper gives an overview of the decommissioning activities relating to the open concrete storage pond at the former waste treatment department of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN).
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Ferreira, Joao, David Ferras, Didia Covas i Zoran Kapelan. "Modelling of Air Pocket Entrapment during Pipe Filling in Intermittent Water Supply Systems". W 2nd WDSA/CCWI Joint Conference. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wdsa-ccwi2022.2022.14111.
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Intermittent water supply (IWS) operations frequently involve water filling and emptying cycles that are strongly influenced by air-water interaction. Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software has been recently proposed to simulate pipe filling events in IWS systems. As the tool is conceived to simulate both free surface and pressurized flows, it also has the potential to analyse the air entrapment. However, there is no numerical model capable of accurately and efficiently simulating the air behaviour during these events, nor of predicting the locations of air pockets created during the pipe filling process.An experimental pipe rig was assembled to better understand the pipe filling process in terms of pressure variation, the propagation of the filling wave and the air entrapment locations under different initial conditions. The pipe rig has a classic reservoir-pipe-valve configuration. Different behaviours are observed in this experimental setup during the pipe filling tests. An entrapped air pocket is created at the high point for lower flow rates, which is not dragged when the pipe is full. This air pocket can go from a similarly free surface flow inside the pipe to a complete water filled flow, depending on the flow rate. For low flow rates, a high head loss is introduced due to a hydraulic jump inside the pipe. For higher flow rates, the air is dragged, no air is entrapped and only the local head losses from the change of direction at the high point are observable.Following the collected experimental data, SWMM is used to assess to which extent it can predict entrapped air pockets location and their volume. Different filling processes can occur and an air model should be included to simulate the tests carried out in the pipe rig. The results obtained show that SWMM is capable of predicting air pocket locations but not the air pocket volumes. Further research is necessary to improve SWMM in this context.