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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Emploi de stries"
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Rahman, Aditia, Ayu Anjelina, Widya Astuti, Fathimah Syarif, Shintia Eriza i Tesa Anggraini. "KONTRIBUSI SOCIAL SUPPORT TERHADAP TINGKAT STRES AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA PSIKOLOGI BUKITTINGGI". Jurnal EMPATI 13, nr 3 (11.07.2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2024.44855.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Dukungan sosial dapat memengaruhi stres dan mengurangi stres pada mahasiswa sehingga kesehatan menjadi optimal. Tingginya tingkat stres dapat direduksi dengan dukungan sosial dan diganti menjadi aspek-aspek positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana dukungan sosial berkontribusi terhadap stres akademik mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan alat ukur berupa skala. Teknik yang digunakan adalah regresi sederhana untuk melihat pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap stres akademik mahasiswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah random sampling dengan jumlah sample sebanyak 83 mahasiswa. Hasilnya menyatakan bahwa stres akademik dan dukungan sosial memiliki hubungan yang positif. Hasil dari uji normalitas dalam penelitian ini pada variabel social support dan stres akademik menunjukkan .200 (p>.05), sehingga dapat dikatakan variabel social support dan stres akademik memiliki sebaran data normal. Berdasarkan uji koefisien determinasi didapatkan nilai R square .158, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kontribusi social support sebesar 15.8% terhadap stres akademik mahasiswa psikologi 2021 Universitas Negeri Padang kampus Bukittinggi. Apabila dukungan sosial yang diterima individu meningkat maka stres akademiknya akan menurun, begitu pula sebaliknya apabila dukungan sosial yang diterima menurun maka stres akademik yang dialami individu tersebut akan meningkat. Dukungan sosial terbukti memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap resiliensi stres akademik. Ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial yang dilakukan oleh teman memiliki peran di tengah lingkungan stres akademik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penting bagi mahasiswa untuk memiliki dukungan sosial yang memadai dalam menghadapi stres akademik.
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Putri, Selvani Ane, i Dian Ratna Sawitri. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA HARDINESS DENGAN STRES AKADEMIK PADA TARUNA TINGKAT II POLITEKNIK ILMU PELAYARAN SEMARANG". Jurnal EMPATI 6, nr 4 (26.03.2018): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2017.20100.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Tuntutan akademik yang harus dihadapi peserta didik setiap harinya cenderung menjadi salah satu penyebab stres dalam kehidupan peserta didik. Stres yang berasal dari hambatan akademik yang di alami peseta didik disebut dengan istilah stres akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hardiness dengan stres akademik serta mengetahui besarnya dukungan efektif yang diberikan hardiness terhadap stres akademik. Populasi penelitian adalah taruna tingkat II di Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang yang berjumlah 337 orang, sampel sejumlah 173 orang diambil menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Skala Stres Akademik (31 item, α = .91) dan Skala Hardiness (48 item, α = .96). Analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara hardiness dengan stres akademik dengan nilai koefisien korelasi rxy = -.63 dengan p = .000 (p < .001). Artinya, semakin tinggi hardiness, semakin rendah stres akademik. Hardiness memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 39% terhadap variasi kecenderungan stres akademik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi peserta didik, orang tua, dan sekolah maupun referensi pendukung bagi peneliti selanjutnya.
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Risana, Intan Wientya, i Erin Ratna Kustanti. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA HARDINESS DENGAN STRES AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK SIPIL UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO". Jurnal EMPATI 9, nr 5 (14.11.2020): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2020.29255.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hardiness dengan stres akademik pada mahasiswa Departemen Teknik Sipil Universitas Diponegoro Angkatan 2017. Stres akademik didefinisikan sebagai stres yang bersumber dari proses belajar mengajar atau hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan belajar yang meliputi tekanan belajar, lama belajar, tugas yang banyak, hasil dari nilai ujian, menentukan karir ketika sudah lulus maupun kecemasan dalam ujian dan manajemen waktu. Hardiness merupakan pola dari sikap dan perilaku yang dimiliki individu untuk melawan stres dengan cara mengubah keadaan yang penuh dengan tekanan menjadi peluang pertumbuhan. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa Departemen Teknik Sipil Universitas Diponegoro Angkatan 2017 yang berjumlah 210 mahasiswa dengan sampel penelitian 118 mahasiswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu Skala Hardiness (25 item, α= 0,903) dan Skala Stres Akademik (30 item, α= 0,876). Uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis regresi sederhana, berdasarkan uji korelasi regresi sederhana diperoleh nilai rxy = -0,555; dengan p=0,000 (p<0,05), sehingga terdapat hubungan negatif antara hardiness dengan stres akademik pada mahasiswa Departemen Teknik Sipil Universitas Diponegoro Angkatan 2017. Semakin tinggi hardiness maka semakin rendah stres akademik, sebaliknya semakin rendah hardiness maka semakin tinggi stres akademik. Hardiness memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 30,8% terhadap stres akademik mahasiswa Departemen Teknik Sipil Universitas Diponegoro angkatan 2017, yang artinya stres akademik dipengaruhi oleh hardiness sebesar 30,8%, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
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Purwati, Mirna, i Amalia Rahmandani. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA KELEKATAN PADA TEMAN SEBAYA DENGAN STRES AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA TEKNIK PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG". Jurnal EMPATI 7, nr 2 (30.06.2020): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2018.21664.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Mahasiswa yang tidak dapat memenuhi tuntutan akademik cenderung mengalami stres. Adanya teman sebanya memiliki peranan penting dalam penurunan tingkat stres akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kelekatan pada teman sebaya dengan stres akademik serta mengetahui besarnya sumbangan efektif yang diberikan oleh variabel kelekatan pada teman sebaya terhadap stres akademik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Teknik Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Universitas Diponegoro yang berjumlah 357 orang dengan jumlah sampel 190 orang yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik stratified cluster random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan dua skala, Skala Stres Akademik (28 item, α = 0,854) dan Skala Kelekatan pada teman Sebaya (41 item, α = 0,929). Analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara kelekatan pada teman sebaya dengan stres akademik pada mahasiswa Teknik Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Universitas Diponegoro, ( = -0,402, p < 0,001). Kelekatan pada teman sebaya memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 16% terhadap stres akademik.
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Jannah, Siti Miftahul. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DENGAN STRES AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA YANG MENJALANI PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH AKIBAT COVID-19". Jurnal EMPATI 10, nr 4 (12.12.2021): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2021.32580.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ) di masa COVID-19 menimbulkan dampak stres akademik pada mahasiswa yang menjalaninya. Adanya dukungan sosial diharapkan dapat mengurangi dampak terjadinya stres akademik pada mahasiswa yang menjalani PJJ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan stres akademik pada mahasiswa yang menjalani pembelajaran jarak jauh. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 43.687 mahasiswa di Universitas Diponegoro dengan sampel sebanyak 356 yang diambil menggunakan Cluster Random Sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan skala dukungan sosial (41 aitem, α = 0,917) dan skala stres akademik (37 aitem, α = 0,935). Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis regresi sederhana dengan nilai koefisien rxy = -0,248 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, terbukti bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial dengan stres akademik, yang artinya semakin tinggi dukungan sosial yang diterima mahasiswa, maka semakin rendah stres akademik yang dialami. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah dukungan sosial yang diterima, maka semakin tinggi stres akademik yang dialami.
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Susetyo, Raden Irham, i Ika Zenita Ratnaningsih. "PERSEPSI TERHADAP KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA DAN STRES KERJA PADA KARYAWAN BAGIAN PRODUKSI PT X DI BEKASI". Jurnal EMPATI 5, nr 1 (27.01.2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2016.14948.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui antara persepsi terhadap Keselamatan dan Kesehatan kerja (K3) dengan stres kerja pada karyawan bagian produksi PT “X. Hipotesis penelitian ini, ada hubungan negatif antara persepsi terhadap K3 dengan stres kerja pada karyawan bagian produksi PT “X”. Sampel penelitian ini adalah karyawan bagian produksi PT “X” yang berjumlah 95 orang. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan dua buah skala psikologi, yaitu Skala Persepsi K3 dan Skala Stres Kerja. Metode analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana menunjukan nilai koefisien korelasi rxy = -0,369 dengan p = 0,000 (p<0,01). Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan diterima yaitu terdapat hubungan negatif antara persepsi terhadap K3 dengan stres kerja pada karyawan bagian produksi PT “X”. Semakin positif persepsi K3 maka akan semakin rendah stres kerja karyawan, sebaliknya semakin negatif persepsi terhadap K3 maka akan semakin tinggi stres kerja. Sumbangan efektif variabel persepsi terhadap K3 pada stres kerja sebesar 13,6 % sedangkan 86,4 % dipengaruhi faktor-faktor lain yang tidak dikaji dalam penelitian ini.
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Putri, Aprilia Kusuma, Diana Rusmawati i Endah Kumala Dewi. "Hubungan antara Regulasi Emosi dengan Stres Pengasuhan pada Ibu dengan Anak Disabilitas Intelektual di Kabupaten Blora". Jurnal EMPATI 12, nr 3 (21.06.2023): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2023.39363.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Stres pengasuhan merupakan suatu ketegangan dan kecemasan akibat ketidakmampuan orangtua dalam mengasuh anak, sehingga akan mempengaruhi proses pengasuhan. Kemampuan mengelola emosi negatif ketika mengalami stres pengasuhan dapat membantu proses pengasuhan anak berjalan dengan baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara regulasi emosi dengan stres pengasuhan pada ibu dengan anak disabilitas intelektual di Kabupaten Blora. Sampel pada penelitian sebanyak 49 orangtua yang memiliki anak disabilitas intelektual. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua skala Likert, yaitu skala regulasi emosi (16 aitem; α=0,838 ) dan skala stres pengasuhan (14 aitem; α=0,872). Hasil analisis data regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan negatif antara variabel regulasi emosi dengan stres pengasuhan orangtua anak disabilitas intelektual di Kabupaten Blora (rxy = -0,438; p=0,002). Semakin tinggi nilai regulasi emosi, maka akan semakin rendah stres pengasuhan dan sebaliknya, semakin rendah nilai regulasi emosi, maka nilai stres pengasuhan akan semakin rendah.
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Muatsiroh, Anis, i Siswati Siswati. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA PERAWAT INSTALASI RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA DAERAH SURAKARTA". Jurnal EMPATI 6, nr 1 (16.01.2017): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2017.15109.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Stres kerja merupakan suatu kondisi ketika individu dihadapkan pada situasi menuntut dan menekan dalam pekerjaannya yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif, sehingga memaksa individu untuk menyimpang dari fungsi normal yang semestinya. Salah satu penyebab stres kerja yaitu konflik interpersonal yang rentan terjadi ketika berinteraksi sosial dengan individu lain. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecerdasan interpersonal dengan stres kerja yang dialami perawat instalasi rawat inap di RSJD Surakarta. Populasi penelitian adalah perawat yang bekerja di instalasi rawat inap RSJD Surakarta berjumlah 120 orang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 65 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Alat ukur menggunakan skala stres kerja (33 aitem, α= 0,961) dan skala kecerdasan interpersonal (39 aitem, α= 0,954). Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian adalah analisis regresi sederhana. Penelitian ini menunjukkan rxy= -0,699; ρ= 0,000 (ρ < 0,001). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan negatif dan signifikan antara kecerdasan interpersonal dengan stres kerja. Semakin tinggi kecerdasan interpersonal maka semakin rendah tingkat stres kerja. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah kecerdasan interpersonal maka akan semakin tinggi tingkat stres kerja. Sumbangan efektif kecerdasan interpersonal terhadap stres kerja sebesar 48,8% dan sebesar 51,2% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diungkap dalam penelitian.
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Riyanti, Frida Eriska, i Amalia Rahmandani. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA HARDINESS DENGAN STRES KERJA PADA PERAWAT INSTALASI RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH BANYUMAS". Jurnal EMPATI 8, nr 3 (21.01.2020): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2019.26491.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara empiris hubungan antara hardiness dengan stres kerja pada perawat instalasi rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Banyumas. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 145 dengan sampel sebanyak 63 perawat. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik cluster random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Skala Hardiness (23 aitem, α=0,901) dan Skala Stres Kerja (28 aitem, α= 0,937). Hasil analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara hardiness dengan stres kerja (rxy=-0,641;p<0,001). Semakin kuat hardiness maka semakin rendah stres kerja yang dialami perawat, dan sebaliknya semakin lemah hardiness maka semakin tinggi stres kerja yang dialami perawat. Sumbangan efektif hardiness terhadap stres kerja sebesar 41,1%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 58,9% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diungkap dalam penelitian ini.
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Ikasari, Anindya, i Ika Febrian Kristiana. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA REGULASI EMOSI DENGAN STRES PENGASUHAN IBU YANG MEMILIKI ANAK CEREBRAL PALSY". Jurnal EMPATI 6, nr 4 (26.03.2018): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/empati.2017.20101.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cerebral palsy merupakan suatu penyakit neuromuskular yang disebabkan oleh gangguan perkembangan atau kerusakan sebagian dari otak yang berhubungan dengan pengendalian fungsi motorik. Kehadiran anak yang mengalami cerebral palsy dapat memunculkan stres pada ibu sebagai figur utama pengasuhan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara regulasi emosi dengan stres pengasuhan ibu yang memiliki anak cerebral palsy. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan negatif antara regulasi emosi dan stres pengasuhan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 50 ibu yang memiliki anak cerebral palsy dan menjalani terapi di YPAC dan PNTC. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik insidental quota. Pengumpulan data menggunakan dua skala likert yaitu skala stres pengasuhan (37 aitem, α = 0,941) dan skala regulasi emosi (37 aitem, α = 0,972) Hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif antara variabel regulasi emosi dengan stres pengasuhan ibu dengan anak cerebral palsy (r = -0,451, p= 0,001). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat regulasi emosi, maka semakin rendah tingkat stres pengasuhan ibu dan sebaliknya. Regulasi emosi memberikan sumbangan sebesar 20,3% terhadap stres pengasuan ibu.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Emploi de stries"
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Celep, Muhittin. "Τransitiοn dans les cοuches limites supersοniques : simulatiοns numériques directes et cοntrôle par stries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR15.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Dans les écoulements à haute vitesse, une traînée visqueuse élevée et des charges thermiques importantes sont des conséquences inhérentes sur les corps aérodynamiques. Ces effets augmentent de manière significative pendant la phase de transition lorsque la couche limite devient turbulente. Afin de réduire les risques de dommages mécaniques et de défaillances liées à la fatigue, des systèmes de protection thermique sont intégrés aux véhicules, ajoutant de la complexité aux aspects techniques et économiques de la conception. La solution réside dans l’acquisition d’une compréhension approfondie des mécanismes de transition et le développement de systèmes de contrôle pour prolonger la couche limite laminaire le long de la surface du véhicule. De nombreuses techniques de contrôle actives et passives peuvent être utilisées pour le contrôle de la transition, parmi lesquelles la méthode de l’emploi de stries émerge comme une approche particulièrement prometteuse. Cette méthode consiste à générer des stries étroitement espacées dans la direction de l’envergure, créant des zones alternées de haute et basse vitesse dans le champ d’écoulement. Bien que la méthode ait été testée récemment dans des écoulements supersoniques, démontrant son efficacité pour retarder la transition, sa pertinence doit être évaluée plus avant. Dans ce travail de recherche, des cas de DNS sont réalisés dans des régimes supersoniques et près-hypersoniques. Les stries sont introduites à l’aide d’une bande de soufflage/aspiration placée sur la paroi avant celle de la perturbation qui est utilisée pour déclencher la transition de manière “contrôlée”, forcée par une perturbation à une seule fréquence et longueur d’onde. L’enquête à Mach 2.0 confirme que les stries avec cinq fois la longueur d’onde fondamentale sont les plus bénéfiques pour le contrôle de la transition. De plus, le refroidissement améliore l’efficacité de la méthode, tandis que le chauffage détériore considérablement la capacité de contrôle des stries. La condition murale isotherme n’altère pas l’impact stabilisateur comparable de la déformation du flux moyen (DFM) et de la partie 3D du contrôle à Mach 2.0. Cependant, à Mach 4.5, tant le type d’instabilité que les caractéristiques des stries changent de manière significative. L’impact stabilisateur de la DFM devient presque absent, et la partie 3D du contrôle prédomine, les caractéristiques des stries n’étant plus considérées comme indépendantes de leur amplitude de perturbation initialeIn high-speed flows, elevated viscous drag and thermal loads are inherent outcomes over aerodynamic bodies. These effects escalate substantially during the transition phase when the boundary layer becomes turbulent. To mitigate potential mechanical damage and fatigue-related failures, thermal protection systems are integrated into vehicles, adding complexity to the technical and economic aspects of design. The solution lies in gaining a comprehensive understanding of transition mechanisms and developing control systems to prolong laminar boundary layer along the vehicle’s surface. Numerous active and passive control techniques can be employed for transition control, with the streak employment method emerging as a particularly promising approach. This method involves generating narrowly spaced streaks in the spanwise direction, creating alternating high and low-speed regions in the flow field. Although the method has only recently been tested in supersonic flows, demonstrating its effectiveness in delaying transition, its suitability needs to be assessed further. In this research work, direct numerical simulations are performed in supersonic and near-hypersonic regimes. Streaks are introduced through a blowing/suction strip placed at the wall prior to that of the perturbation which is used to trigger transition in a “controlled” fashion, forced by a single frequency and wavenumber disturbance. The investigation at Mach 2.0 confirms that streaks with five times the fundamental wavenumber are most beneficial for transition control. Additionally, cooling enhances the method’s effectiveness, while heating severely deteriorates the capability of control streaks. The isothermal wall condition does not alter the comparable stabilizing impact of the mean flow deformation (MFD) and the 3-D part of the control at Mach 2.0. However, at Mach 4.5, both the type of instability and the characteristics of the streaks change significantly. The stabilizing impact of the MFD becomes nearly absent, and the 3-D part of the control predominates, with the characteristics of the streaks no longer considered independent of their initial disturbance amplitude
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Akterhag, Kajsa, i Löfberg Anna. "Kriminalvårdaren : empati och upplevd arbetsrelaterad stress". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20742.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Empati är en särskilt viktig förmåga hos kriminalvårdaren och i interaktionen med kollegor samt med intagna på anstalt och häkte. Studien ämnade att undersöka kriminalvårdarnas empati i relation till arbetsrelaterad stress, samt olika demografiska variabler. I undersök- ningen deltog 76 kriminalvårdare som rekryterades via sociala medier, utspridda över Sve- rige. Resultaten visar att det inte fanns några könsskillnader gällande empati. Den arbetsre- laterade stressen är större hos kvinnor än hos män enligt studiens resultat, något som be- kräftar tidigare studier. Vidare visar studiens resultat att fantasi och personlig oro minskade med åldern. För anställningstid visar studiens resultat att empatin minskar med antal anställ- ningsår. Resultaten för utbildningsnivå visar att empatin minskade med högre utbildning, vil- ket motsäger tidigare forskning. Vidare forskning kan fokusera på att inkludera större urval och att undersöka personspecifika faktorer i studiet av relationen mellan empati, stress och demografisk information som ålder, kön och utbildningsnivå.Empathy is a particularly important ability of the correctional officer and in the interaction with their colleagues, also with those in prison and detention centers. The study aimed to investi- gate empathy in prison correctional officers in relation to work-related stress and demo- graphic variables. In the study,76 participants were recruited through social media, with a spread across Sweden. The results showed that there were no difference in empathy re- garding gender. The work-related stress is greater in women than in men according to the study's results, which confirms previous studies. Furthermore, the results of the study show that imagination and personal distress decline with age. For years of employment the results showed a decline in empathy. The results for educational level shows that empathy declined with higher education, which contradicts previous research. Further research can focus on including larger samples and examining person-specific factors along with the variables and demographic information such as age, gender and educational level.
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Parrocchetti, Jean-Pierre. "Stress, coping et traits de personnalité (névrosisme et lieu de contrôle) chez des sauveteurs et des conseillers du Pôle Emploi". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3058/document.
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Objectif : Il s'agit de comparer les professionnels du risque à une population tout-venant, dans les modes de réaction et d'adaptation au stress à travers l'évaluation de plusieurs dimensions (stress perçu, intensité du névrosisme, stratégie de coping, lieu du contrôle et degré de sévérité de l'ESPT) afin de mettre en évidence les différences, les similitudes et les relations entre ces variables. L'hypothèse selon laquelle les deux groupes (Sauveteurs et Pôle Emploi) se distinguent par le niveau de stress perçu, l'intensité du névrosisme, le niveau de contrôle, le type de coping et le degré de sévérité de l'ESPT a été formulée. Méthode : Population : 42 individus de sexe masculin, âgés de 24 à 55 ans (groupe étude : sauveteurs pompiers mer et montagne, gendarmes du PGHM, démineurs, pilotes hélico et mécaniciens navigants) et 42 individus (33 femmes et 9 hommes) âgés de 24 à 59 ans (groupe contrôle : conseillers du Pôle Emploi). Outils : 5 échelles ont été utilisées : la PSS (stress perçu), l'EPI (névrosisme-extraversion/introversion), l'échelle de Levenson (locus of control), la WCC (coping) et le QSPT (état de stress post-traumatique). Résultats : les résultats montrent que les sauveteurs présentent un faible niveau de stress perçu, un bas niveau de névrosisme, de LOC externe (P et C) et interne, un faible recours au coping émotionnel et à la recherche de soutien social ainsi qu'un degré de sévérité de l'ESPT plus bas que ceux retrouvés chez les conseillers du Pôle Emploi. En revanche, ces deux groupes ne se différencient pas significativement dans l'emploi du coping centré sur le problèmePurpose: This study aims at comparing professional rescuers and ordinary people, the way they react and they adjust to stress on different levels (perceived stress, neuroticism intensity, coping strategies, locus of control and posttraumatic stress disorder severity level ) in order to highlight the differences, the similarities and the links between the variables. The following hypothesis has been expressed: both groups (rescuers and job councellors) are different regarding perceived stress, neuroticism intensity, locus of control, the type of coping and the postttraumatic stress disorder severity level. Method: Population: 42 male individuals aged 24 to 55 (survey group: sea and moutain firefighters, High Mountain Squad gendarmes, bomb disposal experts, helicopter pilots and mechanics) and 42 individuals (33 women and 9 men) aged 24 to 59 (control group: job councellors) Tools: 5 scales have been filled in : PSS (perceived stress), EPI (neuroticism – extraversion / introversion), the Levenson scale (locus of control), WCC (coping) and QSPT (posttraumatic stress disorder). Results: the results bring to light that the rescuers show a lower level of perceived stress, of neuroticism, of external (P and C) and internal LOC, of emotional coping, of social support searching and of PTSD severity level than the job councellors. However, both groups do not differ significantly regarding the problem-focused coping. Conclusion: the harmful influence of environmental factors on the personality seems to determine the adjustment to stress and its traumatic consequences
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Lebègue, Nathalie. "Radicaux libres dérivés de l'oxygène et antioxydants : méthodes de détection, approche biologique et environnementale". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P109.
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Hallberg, Angela, i Sandra Skog. "Ledarskapets intelligens, empati, stress och resurser att bemästra stress hos personer i chefsposition". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för psykologi, pedagogik och sociologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12393.
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En person i chefsposition har en viktig roll både gentemot företaget och sina medarbetare. Ronthys teori (2006, 2013) syftar till att belysa hennes syn på begreppet "ledarskapets intelligens" som består av: emotionell intelligens (EQ), rationell intelligens (RQ) och själslig intelligens (SQ). Ett test som avser mäta ledarskapets intelligens har tagits fram; Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire (LIQ). Testet finns nu i version 3; LIQ3. Personer i chefsposition kan delas upp i två typer med hjälp av LIQ3: Ledare och chef. En ledare utmärks av hög emotionell och själslig intelligens, medan en chef av hög rationell. Med utgångspunkt i Ronthys teori syftar denna studie undersöka följande frågeställningar: (a) Kan LIQ3 skilja mellan chefer och ledare utifrån om företaget producerar varor eller inriktar sig på tjänster? (b) Samvarierar EQ och SQ positivt med empati? (c) Skiljer sig den självupplevda stressen åt mellan ledare och chefer enligt LIQ3? (d) Finns det ett positivt samband mellan EQ och användbara copingresurser? Deltagarna var 131 personer i olika chefspositioner (34% kvinnor) från fyra olika organisationer (M = 49 år, SD = 8), varav 18% var högt uppsatta chefer, 62% mellanchefer och 21% gruppledare. Utöver LIQ3 svarade deltagarna på frågeformulär som mäter självupplevd stress, empati och copingresurser. LIQ3 kunde inte skilja mellan chefer och ledare utifrån organisationstyp. EQ och SQ samvarierade positivt med sociala och emotionella copingresurser. Det fanns inga signifikanta skillnader i stressnivå mellan chefer och ledare. Olika aspekter av ledarskapets förmågor uppmärksammas och ifrågasätts i dagens organisationer och dess egenskaper har undersökts och diskuterats i denna studie.A person in chief position plays an important role in respect to both the company and its employees. Ronthy's theory (2006, 2013) aims to highlight her view of the concept of "leadership intelligence" which consists of: emotional intelligence (EQ), rational intelligence (RQ) and mental intelligence (SQ). A test relating to measuring leadership intelligence has been developed; Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire (LIQ). The test is now in version 3; LIQ3. People in the Chief Position can be divided into two types using LIQ3: Leader and Manager. A leader is characterized by high emotional and spiritual intelligence, while a manager of high rationality. Based on Ronthy's theory, this study aims at examining the following issues: (a) Can LIQ3 distinguish between managers and leaders from the point of view of whether the company produces goods or focuses on services? (b) Do EQ and SQ co-exist positively with empathy? (c) Does the self-reliant stress differ between leaders and managers according to LIQ3? (d) Is there a positive link between EQ and useful coping resources? The participants were 131 in different positions (34% women) from four different organizations (M = 49 years, SD = 8), of whom 18% were senior executives, 62% middle managers and 21% group leaders. In addition to LIQ3, participants responded to questionnaires that measure self-perceived stress, empathy and coping resources. LIQ3 could not distinguish between managers and leaders by organizational type. EQ and SQ positively correlated with social and emotional coping resources. There were no significant differences in stress levels between managers and leaders. Various aspects of leadership skills are noted and questioned in today's organizations and its properties have been investigated and discussed in this study.
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Said, Alhabibi Toihiri. "Recherche sur de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques utilisant des vecteurs huileux végétaux dans la modulation du stress oculaire d'origine toxique". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P627.
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L’œil est un organe exposé à de nombreux stress responsables de pathologies oculaires pour lesquelles certaines stratégies thérapeutiques nécessitent des excipients huileux. L’objectif de nos travaux a été d’évaluer la cytotoxicité sur des cellules conjonctivales humaines, le pouvoir anti-UV, les propriétés antioxydantes, l’innocuité et la tolérance des vecteurs huileux existants ; Zea mays, Ricinus communis, Olea europaea, et des nouveaux vecteurs ; Calophyllum inophyllum, Aleurites moluccana, Camelina sativa. Nous avons envisagé des nouvelles applications thérapeutiques pour les vecteurs les plus prometteurs et avons exploré l’action des plus performantes sur un modèle de cicatrisation cornéenne chez le Lapin. Nos travaux nous ont permis d’établir un modèle d’étude directe des huiles in vitro sur des cellules vivantes et contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de la régulation des acides gras de la membrane et pourraient ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiquesEye is an organ exposed in of numerous stress responsible in ocular pathologies for which certain therapeutic strategies require oily excipients. The objective of our study was to evaluated the cytotoxicity on human conjunctiva cells, anti-UV and antioxidants properties, and the tolerance of the existing oily vectors ; Zea mays, Ricinus communis, Olea europaea and the news vectors Calophyllum inophyllum, Aleurites moluccana, Camelina sativa. We envisaged new therapeutic applications for the most promising vectors and investigated the action of the most powerful on a model of corneal healing to the Rabbit. Our works allowed us to establish a model of direct study of in vitro oil on living cells and contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of the fatty acids of the membrane and could open the way to new therapeutic strategies
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Deak, Fanny, i Liselotte Jädervik. "Arbetsrelaterad stress och empatisk förmåga hos sjuksköterskan i mötet med patienter inom ASIH". Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2888.
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SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund Patienter som behöver avancerad sjukvård i hemmet, ASIH, har behov av en samordnad och säker vård. Sjuksköterskan har en nyckelroll i samarbetet med andra professioner, patienten och närstående där förmågan till empati beskrivs som något fundamentalt i omvårdnaden. Arbetsmiljön är viktig för hur en individ uppfattar sin situation och arbetsrelaterad stress kan ge negativa konsekvenser i hur sjuksköterskan utför sitt arbete. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors perspektiv av arbetsrelaterad stress samt huruvida denna stress kan påverka dem själva och deras empatiska förmåga. Metod Metoden var en kvalitativ intervjustudie inspirerad av en semistrukturerad metod. Nio sjuksköterskor från tre olika ASIH-verksamheter i Stockholm medverkade. Metoden för analysen var en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Ur intervjuerna framkom två kategorier samt fyra underkategorier. Kategorierna blev Arbetsrelaterad stress och Förmågan till empati i mötet med patienten. Resultatet visade att hög grad av arbetsrelaterad stress kan medföra att den empatiska förmågan blir försämrad, men att sjuksköterskorna i denna studie sällan upplevde att ASIH innebar hög grad av arbetsrelaterad stress. Slutsats Samtliga sjuksköterskors i studiens nuvarande arbetsplats upplevs välfungerande, både ur ett lednings- och organisatoriskt perspektiv men också ur perspektivet att samarbetet fungerar väl med kollegor och chefer. Sjuksköterskorna med tidigare arbetslivserfarenheter upplever trygghet i sin yrkesroll, och samtliga upplever att de får stöttning genom regelbunden reflektion samt att kraven sällan överstiger resurserna. Arbetsmiljön är således en viktig faktor i hur dessa sjuksköterskor upplever sitt psykosociala helhetsperspektiv, vilket gör att de sällan upplever höga nivåer arbetsrelaterad stress och således lyckas behålla sin förmåga till empati.
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Bring, Beckman Annikki, i Linda Fantenberg. "Compassion fatigue hos sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård : varför orkar vi inte bry oss?" Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2279.
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Inom akutsjukvården idag råder ett högt tempo och en tung arbetsbelastning. Att som sjuksköterska arbeta inom denna verksamhet ställer krav på både kompetens, ork och empati. Att möta svårt sjuka eller skadade patienter och anhöriga i kris kräver ett känslomässigt engagemang. Flera faktorer påverkar dock individens förmåga att upprätthålla detta engagemang. När orken och empatin brister kan detta leda till den form av empatitrötthet som kallas compassion fatigue. Syftet var att beskriva de faktorer och omständigheter som orsakar compassion fatigue hos sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård. Metoden som valdes var en litteraturöversikt innehållande 17 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artikelsökningen gjordes i PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO och sökorden valdes utifrån att kunna besvara syftet. Resultatet visade att flera faktorer och omständigheter bidrar till utvecklandet av compassion fatigue hos akutsjuksköterskor. Fyra huvudkategorier framträdde; psykosociala faktorer så som att i sin yrkesroll ställas inför etiska dilemman och psykiskt krävande arbetsuppgifter, traumatisering genom att ofta möta lidande och död, arbetsplatsrelaterade faktorer orsakade av hög arbetsbelastning, brist på stöd från chefer och ledare och en utebliven teamkänsla samt demografiska faktorer så som ung ålder och kort arbetslivserfarenhet. Slutsatsen är att ett flertal faktorer och omständigheter påverkar den bristande ork och förlust av empati som sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård kan uppleva på sin arbetsplats. Problemet behöver uppmärksammas, både av anställda och av arbetsgivare inom akutsjukvården, för att kunna erbjuda det stöd som behövs.
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Pardo, Olivier. "Thérapie génique du cancer du poumon par la HSP65". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P120.
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Foucher, Philippe. "Etude d'indicateurs morphologiques pour la caractérisation de l'état hybride de végétaux par analyse d'images". Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0015.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier comment la vision artificielle peut être utilisée, selon des méthodes d'analyse de forme, comme un indicateur du changement d'état du végétal. Dans ce but, des indicateurs morphologiques permettant d'émettre un diagnostic sur l'état de la plante lorsque celle-ci est soumise à des déficits hydriques plus ou moins prononcés, sont recherchés. L'étude est réalisée sur des images de forsythias acquises en visée verticale. La procédure mise en œuvre pour la vision artificielle se décompose en deux étapes. La première consiste à mettre au point une méthode permettant de classifier les pixels de l'image en deux groupes : végétal et fond. A cet effet, un perceptron à une couche cachée est testé avec succès. La deuxième étape concerne l'identification des paramètres traduisant l'évolution morphologique globale du végétal au cours du stress hydrique. Plusieurs méthodes ont été développées et testées. Pour trois d'entre elles, un seuil au-delà duquel le végétal peut-être considéré comme stressé, a pu être défini de façon absolue. Une étude physiologique de l'état hydrique du végétal est menée en parallèle de façon à valider les résultats obtenus par vision artificielleThe purpose of this work is to study how artificial vision, using shape analysis methods, can indicate a modificatifion of the state of the plant. To this end, morphological indicators, allowing a diagnosis in the case of plants when water deficits are fairly high, are researched. The study is realised on images of forsythias looked at from a horizontal plane. The artificial vision is composed of two steps. The first one consists of developing a method to classify pixels of the image in two groups : the plant and its background. Thus, a one hidden layer perceptron was tested with success. The second step concerns the identification of parameters indicating the whole morphological evolution of plants under water stress conditions. Several methods were developped and tested. Three methods allowed to define, in an absolute manner, a threshold above which the plant can be considered stressed. A physiological study of the water status of the plant was undertaken in a parallel way to validate the results obtained-by artificial vision
Książki na temat "Emploi de stries"
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D'Hoore, William. Santé et sécurité pour un emploi de qualité: Gezondheid en veiligheid voor arbeidskwaliteit. Gent: Academia Press, 2012.
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Romero, Ricardo Montoro. La inserción en la actividad económica, empleo y paro juvenil. Barcelona: Publicaciones de Juventud y Sociedad, 1985.
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Centro de Derechos y Desarrollo (Lima, Peru), red. Perú: Trabajadores autónomos, 2009-2010 : empleo y propuesta de inclusión social. Lima, Perú: CEDAL, 2010.
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Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, N.Y: Delacorte Press, 1990.
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Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, N.Y: Delacorte Press, 1990.
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Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, N.Y: Delta Trade Paperbacks, 2005.
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Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Samouchitelʹ po ist︠s︡elenii︠i︡u. Minsk: Popurri, 2002.
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1926-, Gordon Norma S., i Farberow Norman L, red. The crisis of competence: Transitional stress and the displaced worker. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1989.
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Kabat-Zinn, Jon. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, N.Y: Pub. by Dell Publishing, a division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Pub. Group, 1991.
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G, Poli, Packer Lester i Cadenas Enrique, red. Free radicals in brain pathophysiology. New York: Dekker, 2000.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Emploi de stries"
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Küfeoğlu, Sinan. "SDG-12: Responsible Consumption and Production". W Emerging Technologies, 409–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07127-0_14.
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AbstractSDG-12, Responsible Consumption and Production, strives to break the current cycle of economic growth, resource usage and environmental degradation, which has fuelled unsustainable global development for decades. While producing countries bear responsibility for natural resource depletion, pollution and other negative consequences of their production, wealthy countries’ practical and legal responsibilities are significantly high due to their high consumption levels. An increase in consumption is often associated with an improved quality of life, which creates a conflict between the pillars of sustainable development and the environmental well-being of the planet. This issue becomes more complicated since cross-border resource management methods are more controversial than cooperative. This chapter presents the business models of 46 companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-12. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
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Haffenden, John. "From Poetry to the Queen". W William Empson, 349–75. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199276608.003.0012.
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Abstract Empson ‘s Collected Poems was published in the UK by Chatto & Windus on 29 September 1955, in an edition of 2,400 copies. It was a propitious moment for the reception of Empson ‘s arguably rather specialized verses, for the volume won more comprehensive and searching evaluation than any of his poetry had been accorded for twenty years. The astringent, witty, problem-revolving aspects of the poems seemed to strike a chord with a reading public that felt eager to move on from the linguistic exuberances of a Dylan Thomas.
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Haffenden, John. "6". W William Empson, 131–50. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199276592.003.0006.
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Abstract ‘The General Strike is over,’ wrote Empson on Wednesday, 12 May. ‘I am disappointed, there was some hope of stopping mathematics, of being forced to do something active which might rouse crude enthusiasm and physical satisfaction, and some intellectual initiative. But no, the miners are the kindliest of men, and my door is closed. Incidentally I suppose it has been a great disaster politically, we shall yet see.’ There is no other indication in his papers that he had come to regard mathematics as a stagnant or enervating course of study, or that he needed to be prodded out of inertia.
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Barthelmes, Lisa. "Dealing with Uncertainty: Itinerant Street Vendors and Local Officials in Hanoi". W Traders in Motion, 129–40. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501719820.003.0011.
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Despite various bans and hostile state policies since the 1990s, mobile street vendors continue to exist in large numbers on Hanoi’s streets. Due to the lack of transparent information about the legal framework in place, itinerant street vendors operate in a political environment that is characterized by uncertainty. This allows local officials a significant level of flexibility, in which they shift between tolerance and discipline. The chapter analyzes the tactics and strategies that Hanoi’s itinerant street vendors employ to deal with this uncertainty. These tactics and strategies range from evasion techniques and moral claims to the performance of “ruralness.”
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Trombley, Justine L. "Reason Strikes Back". W A Diabolical Voice, 125–69. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501769610.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on the recently rediscovered Padua, Biblioteca universitaria di Padova, MS 1647 and gives the first in-depth analysis of its contents. This manuscript, like MS Vat. lat. 4953, contains a number of refuted errors taken from a Latin translation of Marguerite Porete's The Mirror of Simple Souls but takes a decidedly canon-legal approach to its refutations and employs vitriolic rhetoric that paints the Mirror as diabolical. It is the only known polemic written against the Mirror and it represents the strongest attack against it outside of its condemnations in Valenciennes and Paris and, in its rhetoric and detail at least, surpasses even those iconic events in the Mirror's history. The uniqueness of the text becomes even more important when considered in the context of its origins. While it exists only in a fifteenth-century copy, it was very likely first composed in the early fourteenth century, quite close in time to—perhaps even contemporarily with or before—the Mirror's two condemnations and Marguerite Porete's execution.
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Gruffydd-Jones, Jamie J. "People on the Street". W Hostile Forces, 118—C7.P55. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197643198.003.0007.
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Abstract This chapter uses interviews with hundreds of Chinese citizens to shed light on the logic people employ when they encounter foreign pressure and how they use it to form attitudes about their own country. It shows that people’s defensive reactions to foreign pressure are closely tied to their belief that the United States is using those issues to deliberately attack China. Hearing about foreign pressure—and in particular American pressure—had an impact on the way people talked about women’s rights and the treatment of endangered animals in China. On the issue of air pollution, however, Chinese citizens were far more positive toward American criticism, suggesting that defensiveness occurs mainly on issues where people’s grievances are not that strongly formed.
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Méndez, Michael. "Seeing Carbon Reductionism and Climate Change from the Streets". W Climate Change from the Streets, 1–32. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300232158.003.0001.
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This chapter discusses the modes and logics environmental justice activists employ in climate policymaking. The concepts of carbon reductionism and climate change from the streets are introduced—they provide an overview and framework that guides the analysis presented in the book.
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"Research Methodology". W Assessing Social Support and Stress in Autism-Focused Virtual Communities, 46–64. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4020-5.ch005.
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Social media and online forums create a community and social network where information flows, and members provide informational, instrumental, or spiritual support. This type of interconnectedness ultimately relieves stress. Social sciences literature offers theoretical definitions for social support and stress. The authors leverage these definitions and employ concepts from linguistics and the social network theory to develop information-theoretic and machine-learning-based models to assess social support and stress among communities. The methodology estimates social support and stress in health communities and evaluates their effectiveness.
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Hill, Laura Warren. "Black Rochester at Midcentury". W Strike the Hammer, 10–32. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754258.003.0002.
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This chapter charts the emergence of a sizable Black population in New York city, starting with the Black renaissance that happened in the fields and orchards surrounding the city, an agricultural belt responsible for growing a significant portion of the nation's food supply. It talks about local white agricultural workers that abandoned the fields for better-paying factory jobs in Rochester, Buffalo, and Syracuse, which created a labor shortage in the fields. It also mentions how farmers turned to places like Sanford, Florida, and to the “East Coast Migrant Stream” to employ Black agricultural migrants. The chapter recounts how the agricultural migrants eventually left the stream and opted instead to put down roots in the North, with Rochester becoming a popular destination. It discusses how the new influx of Black migrants created a demographic shift, the likes of which Rochester had never seen before.
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Musendekwa, Menard. "Strides and Struggles of Coalition Governments in Southern Africa". W Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 172–87. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1654-2.ch011.
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Coalition governments have emerged as a mechanism for peaceful resolution following disputed elections, offering insights into addressing political disputes and legitimacy crises. In Zimbabwe, historical contexts such as the Gukurahundi War, which exacerbated tensions between the Ndebele and Shona communities, underscore the significance of coalition governance. The Unity Accord between ZANU-PF and PF-ZAPU provided temporary respite from tribal conflicts. Subsequently, the Government of National Unity (GNU) was established after the 2008 disputed election, aiming to transition towards fresh elections. Following Mugabe's tenure, Mnangagwa's victory amid accusations of election rigging prompted legal intervention. Mnangagwa's initiation of the Political Actors Dialogue (POLAD) aimed to incorporate ideas from losing parties, yet faced rejection by the main opposition. Criticism of the 2023 elections has intensified calls for a transitional authority or another GNU to prepare for reruns. This research will employ qualitative analysis, including historical review and document analysis, to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of coalition governments in Africa. Findings aim to provide valuable insights for political actors to make informed decisions in navigating political transitions.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Emploi de stries"
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Abdulateef, Maryam F., i Hoda A. S. Al-Alwan. "Definition of streets priority to employ urban green infrastructure in Baghdad City". W 8TH ENGINEERING AND 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING – UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD: COEC8-2021 Proceedings. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0105900.
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Liu, Yuyang, i Mao Pan. "PETREL2ANSYS: ACCESSIBLE SOFTWARE FOR SIMULATION OF CRUSTAL STRESS FIELDS USING CONSTRAINTS PROVIDED BY MULTIPLE 3D MODELS THAT EMPLOY DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRIDS". W GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316668.
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Ramezani, Atlas, i Marco Manzan. "EFFECTIVENESS OF SIMPLE ELECTRIC FANS IN REDUCING THE NUMBER OF HOURS WITH HEAT STRAIN INSIDE BUILDINGS". W 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s19.25.
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Climate change, marked by rising temperatures, poses significant health risks to indoor- bound individuals. This paper stresses the need for proactive public health measures, especially for vulnerable groups like the elderly and economically disadvantaged who lack access to air conditioning. As heatwaves worsen, traditional solutions, like energy- intensive air conditioning, are problematic due to increased energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost issues. Instead, this paper proposes an affordable solution: electric fans, natural ventilation, and window shadings to combat heat stress indoors. The study examines the effectiveness of electric fans, window shading, and natural ventilation in mitigating extreme heat's impact. Findings show a notable reduction in heat exposure, even in worst-case scenarios, with electric fans reducing heat strain hours. The methodology employs EnergyPlus and Design Builder software for a comprehensive numerical simulation of a sample building representative of the ones constructed between 1961 and 1975 located in Trieste, Italy. The simulations employ historical weather data, extreme conditions, and future projections to enhance the analysis's depth and relevance.
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Morales, Rosa E., Niket Pathak, Todd W. Murray i David M. Stobbe. "Characterizing anisotropy and uniaxial stress with zero group velocity Lamb modes". W ASNT Research Symposium 2023. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs.2023.012.
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The quality and mechanical properties of components built with metal additive manufacturing (AM) are highly dependent on the microstructure formed during solidification. There currently exists a need for ex-situ qualification of materials for accurate characterization of microstructural features. Here we investigate advanced laser-based ultrasound techniques for measuring microstructural features such as anisotropy and residual stress, which are common in AM fabricated metals. Here we employ zero group velocity (ZGV) resonances to characterize material anisotropy and to quantify uniaxial stress in tensile stress measurements of aluminum alloy dog bone samples.
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Castelluccio, Gustavo M., i David L. McDowell. "Fatigue Life Prediction of Microstructures". W ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85710.
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The formation and early growth of fatigue cracks in the high cycle fatigue regime is influenced by microstructuctural features such as grain size and morphological and crystallographic texture. However, most fatigue models do not predict the influence of the microstructure on early stages of crack formation, or they employ parameters that should be calibrated with experimental data from specimens with microstructures of interest. These post facto strategies are adequate to characterize materials, but they are not fully appropriate to aid in the design of fatigue-resistant engineering alloys. This paper presents a modeling framework that facilitates relative assessment of fatigue resistance among different microstructures. The scheme employs finite element simulations that explicitly render the microstructure and a methodology that estimates transgranular fatigue growth for microstructurally small cracks on a grain-by-grain basis, including consideration of growth within grains (embedded analytically) and stress redistribution as the cracks extend. The methodology is implemented using a crystal plasticity algorithm in ABAQUS and calibrated to study fatigue crack initiation of a bimodal grain size distribution found in RR1000 powder processed Ni-base superalloys for turbine disk applications.
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Deka, Dhyan, Mark Cerkovnik, Nikhil Panicker i Vamsee Achanta. "Subsea Jumpers Vibration Assessment". W ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11011.
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Subsea rigid jumpers which are used to connect flowlines and risers to other subsea structures are inherently susceptible to vibration because they must be flexible enough to accommodate translation of the flowline, installation tolerances and settlement of pipeline end terminations (PLETs.) In locations where there are bottom currents, the jumpers can be subjected to vortex induced vibrations. When internal flow rates are high, they are susceptible to flow induced vibration, and they may also be excited by slugging. In some cases, the design constraints force the designs to be 3 dimensional and employ strategies to enhance damping. This paper describes a methodology for assessing subsea jumpers for vibration induced fatigue. The method employs a combination of transient dynamic, harmonic and modal finite element analysis with the VIV tool SHEAR7. The methodology is able to show generally improved VIV fatigue lives compared to more traditional methods based on DNV-RP-F105 because of the ability to define current loading over the jumper length and to assess the effects of strakes and coulomb damping. Further, the methodology is also capable of assessing the effect of tuned vibration dampers which are sometimes used to suppress FIV.
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Tai, Cheng-Feng, David Halpern i James B. Grotberg. "Fluid Stress Analysis During Airway Closure". W ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206840.
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A thin annular film lining the inside of a rigid tube is modeled as a liquid-lined airway in this study. Due to the capillary instability, the liquid film can form a plug and obstruct the airway once the ratio of the film thickness to tube radius, ε, is greater than a critical value ∼0.12. The dynamics of the closure process is simulated for a Newtonian viscous film with constant surface tension and a passive core gas phase. The numerical simulation employs the finite volume approach with a sharp interface method for the free surface. The computational results show that the wall shear stress and normal stress during closure can be strong enough to injure airway epithelial cells.
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West, A. C., i S. A. Sherif. "Optimization of Multistage Vapor Compression Systems Employing Genetic Algorithms". W ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72695.
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Genetic algorithms involve the coding of a solution into a binary string in the same manner that DNA is a biological coding. A population of binary strings are randomly created, evaluated, allowed to mate, and mutated to form a new generation of strings. There is a mating preference given to those strings which rate the highest to simulate the survival of the fittest theory that exists in nature. This process of evaluation, mating, and mutation is repeated until some termination criteria are met. A computer code was written to simulate the vapor compression systems and perpetuate the genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm functioned adequately enough to provide general trends but it did not find a universal optimum. After numerous runs, the code produced data that suggest that systems which employ intercooler/flash tanks and operate at lower evaporating temperatures have a higher multistage effectiveness. Multistage effectiveness is a novel term defined as the ratio of the overall coefficient of performance (COP) of the multistage system and the combined coefficient of performance of a group of basic vapor compression systems with cooling capacities and evaporating temperatures that parallel the evaporators in the multistage system.
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Ranjbaran, Sadjad, i Akbar Daneshvar Ghalelar. "Stress of Large Diameter Piping System Shoe Support". W ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65744.
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As codes and standards employ the beam theory to evaluate stress in piping systems, large diameter piping is therefore outside the domain of these codes and standards. To investigate any failure modes in these piping systems, more general codes such as ASME Sec. VIII Div.2 must be used. Research has shown that estimating local stress is important near the shoe support tip especially for large diameter piping systems and aboveground pipelines. To evaluate protection against local failure under an applied design load, a more accurate estimation method of ASME Sec. VIII Div.2, part 5 is applied by using elastic-plastic stress analysis procedures. For this purpose, finite element analysis is carried out along with distributed gravity loading and design pressure. Furthermore, parametric FEA studies are conducted on the effect of the ratio of pipe diameter to thickness, as well as the width and wrap angle of shoe support on the local stress of shoe support. The FEA results have been compared to semi-empirical formula for local stress in shoe support developed by AWWA standard.
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Ohguchi, Ken-Ichi, Katsuhiko Sasaki i Setsuo Aso. "Evaluation of Time-Independent and Time-Dependent Strains of Lead-Free Solder by Stepped Ramp Loading Test". W ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33663.
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This paper proposes a method which can estimate essential material constants of an elasto-plastic-creep constitutive model for lead-free solders by conducting only a tensile test. The test employs a stepped ramp wave loading which repeats instantaneous straining and strain maintaining. The time-independent strains can be evaluated by using the stress-strain relations at the instantaneous straining parts, while the time-dependent strain can be evaluated by using the stress-time relations during the strain maintaining parts. Based on the results of the evaluations, the material constants of the elasto-plastic-creep models are estimated. Simulations of the viscoplastic deformations of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloy were also conducted to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Emploi de stries"
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Thomashow, Linda, Leonid Chernin, Ilan Chet, David M. Weller i Dmitri Mavrodi. Genetically Engineered Microbial Agents for Biocontrol of Plant Fungal Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696521.bard.
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The objectives of the project were: a) to construct the site-specific integrative expression cassettes carrying: (i) the chiA gene for a 58-kDa endochitinase, (ii) the pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis operon, and (iii) the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase; b) to employ these constructs to engineer stable recombinant strains with an expanded repertoire of beneficial activities; c) to evaluate the rhizosphere competence and antifungal activity of the WT and modified strains against pathogenic fungi under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; and d) to monitor the persistence and impact of the introduced strains on culturable and nonculturable rhizosphere microbial populations in the greenhouse and the field. The research generally support our concepts that combining strategically selected genes conferring diverse modes of action against plant pathogens into one organism can improve the efficacy of biological control agents. We hypothesized that biocontrol agents (BCAs) engineered to expand their repertoire of beneficial activities will more effectively control soilborne plant pathogens. In this work, we demonstrated that biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 and Q2-87, both producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) effective against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, can be improved significantly by introducing and expressing either the 1.6-kb gene chiA, encoding the 58-kDa endochitinase ChiA from the rhizosphere strain SerratiaplymuthicaIC1270, or the 5.8-kb prnABCDoperon encoding the broad-range antibiotic pyrrolnitrin (Prn) from another rhizosphere strain, P. fluorescens Pf-5. The PₜₐcchiAandPₜₐcprnABCDcassettes were cloned into the integrative pBK-miniTn7-ΩGm plasmid, and inserted into the genomic DNA of the recipient bacteria. Recombinant derivatives of strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 expressing the PₜₐcchiA or PₜₐcprnABCD cassettes produced endochitinase ChiA, or Prn, respectively, in addition to 2,4-DAPG, and the recombinants gave significantly better biocontrol of R. solani on beans under greenhouse conditions. The disease reduction index increased in comparison to the parental strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 to 17.5 and 39.0% from 3.2 and 12.4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcchiAcassette and to 63.1 and 70% vs. 2.8 and 12,4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcprnABCDcassette. The genetically modified strains exhibited persistence and non-target effects comparable to those of the parental strains in greenhouse soil. Three integrative cassettes carrying the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase cloned under the control of different promoters were constructed and tested for enhancement of plant growth promotion by biocontrol strains of P. fluorescens and S. plymuthica. The integrative cassettes constructed in this work are already being used as a simple and efficient tool to improve biocontrol activity of various PGPR bacteria against fungi containing chitin in the cell walls or highly sensitive to Prn. Some parts of the work (e. g., construction of integrative cassettes) was collaborative while other parts e.g., (enzyme and antibiotic activity analyses) were fully synergistic. The US partners isolated and provided to the Israeli collaborators the original biocontrol strains P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 and their mutants deficient in 2,4-DAPG production, which were used to evaluate the relative importance of introduction of Prn, chitinase or ACC deaminase genes for improvement of the biocontrol activity of the parental strains. The recombinant strains obtained at HUJI were supplied to the US collaborators for further analysis.
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Patel, Reena. Complex network analysis for early detection of failure mechanisms in resilient bio-structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41042.
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Bio-structures owe their remarkable mechanical properties to their hierarchical geometrical arrangement as well as heterogeneous material properties. This dissertation presents an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that employs computational mechanics combined with flow network analysis to gain fundamental insights into the failure mechanisms of high performance, light-weight, structured composites by examining the stress flow patterns formed in the nascent stages of loading for the rostrum of the paddlefish. The data required for the flow network analysis was generated from the finite element analysis of the rostrum. The flow network was weighted based on the parameter of interest, which is stress in the current study. The changing kinematics of the structural system was provided as input to the algorithm that computes the minimum-cut of the flow network. The proposed approach was verified using two classical problems three- and four-point bending of a simply-supported concrete beam. The current study also addresses the methodology used to prepare data in an appropriate format for a seamless transition from finite element binary database files to the abstract mathematical domain needed for the network flow analysis. A robust, platform-independent procedure was developed that efficiently handles the large datasets produced by the finite element simulations. Results from computational mechanics using Abaqus and complex network analysis are presented.
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Powell, Andrew, i Giovanni Majnoni. On Endogenous Risk, the Amplification Effects of Financial Systems and Macro Prudential Policies. Inter-American Development Bank, listopad 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011345.
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The recent global financial crisis has put the spotlight on macro-prudential policies to protect firms and households from problems emanating from the financial sector. This paper proposes an analytical framework that combines exogenous and endogenous risks, the latter seen as stemming from frictions in financial markets. Arguing that endogenous risks may be systemic and costly, the paper employs a database of emerging market corporate bond spreads and finds evidence that endogenous risks are present and have amplified the effects of financial crises. Larger financial systems are found to exacerbate the impact of crises, and weaker financial systems are found to exacerbate particularly the impact of banking crises. The results suggest that policymakers should monitor time-varying systemic risks using both price and quantity signals and take actions in good times to mitigate potential amplifying effects at times of stress.
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Zhou. L52284 Upheaval Buckling Limit State Function for Onshore Gas Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), luty 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010669.
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For buried pipelines a well established problem has been that of upheaval buckling. This occurs because the fluid is usually pumped through the pipes at elevated temperatures causing the pipeline to experience thermal expansion which, if restrained, leads to an increase in the axial stress in the pipeline possibly resulting in a buckling failure. A secondary phenomenon that has also been identified, particularly in loose sands and silts, involves floatation of pipelines through the backfill material, usually shortly after burial. The upheaval buckling limit state function developed in this project employs the critical upheaval buckling force and applied compressive force due to temperature and pressure. It applies to pipe sections containing a hill-crest type of imperfection over which the pipeline is routed using a series of cold formed bends. The critical buckling force is calculated using an empirical equation developed by Boreas based on the results of parametric finite element analyses (FEA) on 252 design cases. The input parameters for the empirical equation are pipe diameter, diameter-over-wall-thickness (D/t) ratio, grade, pressure, soil download and imperfection angle. The development of the equation is described in a technical report prepared by Boreas.
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Denys, R. M. L51712 Fracture Behavior of Large-Diameter Girth Welds - Effect of Weld Metal Yield Strength Part II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), maj 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010121.
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Fitness for purpose girth defect assessments assume the presence of a single defect. This assumption is not always fulfilled. Welds may contain many small defects. These defects, when considered individually and without interaction, are generally innocuous. However, this may be a false conclusion as to the true strength or deformation capacity of the weld because neighbouring imperfections or defects may interact and may be more severe than each individual imperfection. When non-destructive examinations reveal multiple defects, a defect recategorisation procedure has to be applied to determine whether neighbouring defects will interact other under load. The interaction criteria of BS PD6493, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section XI and the Japanese fitness-of-purpose code WES 2805 are based on a combination of linear elastic fracture mechanics calculations and engineering judgement. The PD6493 and ASME XI rules are based on the principle that the increase in the stress intensity magnification caused by interaction of neigbouring defects should be limited to 20% (PD 6493) and 6% (ASME XI), whereas the WES criterion is based on the principle that the stress intensity magnification or CTOD value of the interacting neighbouring defects should be limited to 20% of the shortest defect. As the fracture behaviour of line pipe girth welds differs from linear elastic behaviour, it is expected that the existing rules are not necessarily applicable for elastic-plastic or plastic material behaviours. This consideration suggests that there exist a need for developing criteria which permit plasticity effects to be incorporated. The mathematical treatment of multiple defects under elastic-plastic and or plastic fracture conditions is a complex issue because it is not possible to predict yielding behaviour and make a distinction between local and ligament collapse. Because of this limitation, it is thus necessary to employ large scale tensile tests in which the interaction effects can be reproduced. In persuing this approach, it is further possible: (a) to verify and establish the conservatism built into the existing interaction criteria. (b) to formulate alternative interaction criteria for elastic-plastic or plastic behavior. The goal of this study was to obtain information on the failure behavior of girth welds containing two coplanar fatigue pre-cracked defects. The results were correlated with tests on welds containing a single crack to determine the engineering significance of existing defect interaction rules under elastic-plastic and plastic fracture conditions.
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Ssebibubbu, Stuart, Moses Mulumba, Monalisa Chafewa, Maria Birungi, Nimrod Muhumuza i Baguma Christopher. Analyzing the Capacities of National Medicines Regulatory Agencies To Regulate Vaccine Manufacturing in Africa. Afya na Haki, czerwiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.63010/k8nm.
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Pharmaceutical production and high-quality medical treatment require effective regulation. National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) oversee medicinal product manufacture, distribution, and sale. Analysing African NMRA capacity is necessary to identify gaps and improve regulatory mechanisms to ensure vaccination quality and public health. This paper employs qualitative methodology to analyze the legal, regulatory, and policy framework systems, which includes a desk review of relevant literature, a writing workshop, and key informant interviews as data sources in Eight countries, including Uganda, Rwanda, South Africa, Nigeria, Senegal, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Ghana. The study employed thematic content analysis (TCA) to identify key themes or gaps related to the regulatory capacities of NMRAs in Africa. The study found that it is difficult for NMRAs in Africa to oversee the production of vaccines. Some of the challenges include inadequate infrastructure, varying levels of capacity, slow updates and revisions, and problems implementing Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards that need to be addressed. The findings stress the need for regulatory harmonization, collaboration, and capacity building to strengthen Africa’s NMRAs. In conclusion, there is a need for amplification of NMRAs’ capabilities. The study recommends bolstering regulatory frameworks and systems, enhancing coordination and communication among agencies, establishing regional centers of excellence, utilizing technology to make data sharing more efficient, and encouraging partnerships and collaboration with industry stakeholders and international organizations.
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Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter, Karla Cristina Giacomin, Poliana Fialho de Carvalho i Lucas Sempé. Programa Maior Cuidado: An Integrated Community-Based Intervention on Care for Older People. Inter-American Development Bank, luty 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005535.
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This report presents an overview of a novel community-based intervention for older people living in deprived neighbourhoods in the Brazilian city of Belo Horizonte: Programa Maior Cuidado (PMC). Since 2011 PMC has been jointly run by the municipal Departments of Health and Social Assistance to support dependent older people living in vulnerable families. These families receive up to 20 hours of support a week from professional family care support workers. Health centres and social assistance posts hold joint monthly case reviews and work closely with family care support workers to anticipate and respond to new problems. Between 2011 and December 2022, 3,062 families had received support or were continuing to do so. Drawing on a set of qualitative and quantitative evaluations, we show that PMC operates effectively and appears to generate a range of positive effects. These effects include enhanced health and wellbeing of older people, reducing the stress and burden of family carers and improving the efficiency of outpatient and inpatient health service use. PMC also provides a valuable livelihood opportunity for the caregivers it employs. A cost analysis estimates that the monthly per capita cost of PMC in April 2023 was 916.2 reais (US$173), which is substantially less than alternative interventions. These positive evaluations have led Belo Horizonte municipality to extend the scheme and the Federal Ministry of Health to support similar pilots in new cities. Future evaluations of these pilot schemes will add to the available evidence about PMC and its potential suitability for other parts of Brazil and similar countries.
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Benkraouda, Ouafa, Lindsay Braun i Arnab Chakraborty. Policies and Design Guidelines to Plan for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. Illinois Center for Transportation, sierpień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-012.
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This report chronicles the work undertaken by researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign to identify policies and design guidelines to plan for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in mid-sized regions in Illinois. The report starts with the goals of this work followed by a review of existing literature. The review addresses CAV technologies and scenario planning, including academic research articles, policies and guidance documents from federal and state agencies, and recent long-range transportation plans. The review findings are organized into three categories—drivers, levers, and impacts—to facilitate scenario-based planning and included key factors and trends in technology development and adoption (drivers), mechanisms that planners and policymakers may employ to intervene in or prepare for CAV futures (levers), and community-level outcomes of different plausible CAV futures (impacts). Primary research was undertaken first by interviewing practitioners in six mid-sized regions of Illinois to collect inputs about their needs and obstacles to planning for CAVs, as well as to understand their sense of their community’s preparedness for CAVs. The research team then conducted a detailed survey of over 700 residents from the Greater Peoria region to understand their would-be travel behavior and residential location decisions in a CAV future and general attitude toward self-driving cars. These inputs helped identify the key drivers, levers, and impacts to be employed in creating scenarios, a list of selected policies and design, and a framework to select appropriate responses based on the needs and desires of a community. The detailed scenarios are as follows: (1) continuation of the status quo, (2) private multimodal future, and (3) shared multimodal future. The policies and design guidelines are identified for each scenario and are categorized into six sets of action items: general, data and digitization, mobility and traffic, street design, infrastructure, and planning. Specific details of each action item are organized in a format that allows the user to consider each item carefully and to assess its feasibility in a specific region or city. The appendices include background documents related to primary research and, importantly, a handbook for practitioners.
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Tan, Peng, i Nicholas Sitar. Parallel Level-Set DEM (LS-DEM) Development and Application to the Study of Deformation and Flow of Granular Media. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/kmiz5819.
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We present a systematic investigation of computational approaches to the modeling of granular materials. Granular materials are ubiquitous in everyday life and in a variety of engineering and industrial applications. Despite the apparent simplicity of the laws governing particle-scale interactions, predicting the continuum mechanical response of granular materials still poses extraordinary challenges. This is largely due to the complex history dependence resulting from continuous rearrangement of the microstructure of granular material, as well as the mechanical interlocking due to grain morphology and surface roughness. X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) is used to characterize the grain morphology and the fabric of the granular media, naturally deposited sand in this study. The Level-Set based Discrete Element Method (LS-DEM) is then used to bridge the granular behavior gap between the micro and macro scale. The LS-DEM establishes a one-to-one correspondence between granular objects and numerical avatars and captures the details of grain morphology and surface roughness. However, the high-fidelity representation significantly increases the demands on computational resources. To this end a parallel version of LS-DEM is introduced to significantly decrease the computational demands. The code employs a binning algorithm, which reduces the search complexity of contact detection from O(n2) to O(n), and a domain decomposition strategy is used to elicit parallel computing in a memory- and communication-efficient manner. The parallel implementation shows good scalability and efficiency. High fidelity LS avatars obtained from XRCT images of naturally deposited sand are then used to replicate the results of triaxial tests using the new, parallel LS-DEM code. The result show that both micro- and macro-mechanical behavior of natural material is well captured and is consistent with experimental data, confirming experimental observation that the primary source of peak strength of sand is the mechanical interlocking between irregularly shaped grains. Specifically, triaxial test simulations with a flexible membrane produce a very good match to experimentally observed relationships between deviatoric stress and mobilized friction angle for naturally deposited sand. We then explore the viability of modeling dynamic problems with a new formulation of an impulse based LS-DEM. The new formulation is stable, fast, and energy conservative. However, it can be numerically stiff when the assembly has substantial mass differences between particles. We also demonstrate the feasibility of modeling deformable structures in the rigid body framework and propose several enhancements to improve the convergence of collision resolution, including a hybrid time integration scheme to separately handle at rest contacts and dynamic collisions. Finally, we extend the impulse-based LS-DEM to include arbitrarily shaped topographic surfaces and exploit its algorithmic advantages to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling realistic behavior of granular flows. The novel formulation significantly improves performance of dynamic simulations by allowing larger time steps, which is advantageous for observing the full development of physical phenomena such as rock avalanches, which we present as an illustrative example.
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Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer i Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.
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The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.