Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Emotional stability”

Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Counseling, 2007.
"May, 2007." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 04/02/2008) Advisor, Cynthia Reynolds; Committee members, Isadore Newman, Carole Newman, Sandra Perosa, Fred Ziegler; Interim Department Chair, Sajit Zachariah; Dean of the College, Patricia A. Nelson; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

The objective of the research presented in this thesis was to systematically investigate the computational structure for cross-database emotion recognition. The research consisted of evaluating the stability of acoustic features, particularly the glottal and Teager Energy based features, and investigating three normalization methods and two data fusion techniques. One of the challenges of cross-database training and testing is accounting for the potential variation in the types of emotions expressed as well as the recording conditions. In an attempt to alleviate the impact of these types of variations, three normalization methods on the acoustic data were studied. Motivated by the lack of large and diverse enough emotional database to train the classifier, using multiple databases to train posed another challenge: data fusion. This thesis proposed two data fusion techniques, pre-classification SDS and post-classification ROVER to study the issue. Using the glottal, TEO and TECC features, of which the stability of emotion distinguishing ability has been highlighted on multiple databases, the systematic computational structure proposed in this thesis could improve the performance of cross-database binary-emotion recognition by up to 23% for neutral vs. emotional and 10% for positive vs. negative.

Emotional intelligence can be defined as a multifunctional array of interrelated emotional, personal and social abilities which influence one's overall ability to actively and effectively cope with demands and pressures (Bar-On & Parker, 2000). Dulewicz and Higgs (1999) define emotional intelligence as being aware of, and managing one's own feelings and emotions; being sensitive to, and influencing others; sustaining one's motivation; and balancing one's motivation and drive with intuitive, conscientious, and ethical behavior. Successful leadership today is about how well leaders manage themselves and how well they manage others. Successful leadership is not about intellectual ability or technical expertise; it is about personal characteristics and human qualities that include empathy and compassion, flexibility, and influence. Today's leaders must have the ability and flexibility to adapt to an ever-changing workforce, and it's these human abilities that set apart successful leaders. Emotional intelligence has become as important as, if not more important than, intellectual quotient (IQ) and cognitive abilities. This study's hypotheses were tested with multiple regression analysis by regressing the four dimensions of emotional intelligence on LPI, the dependent variable. Only one of the emotional intelligence factors, the appraisal of emotion in self or others, is significantly related to leadership (LPI) (beta coefficient = .520 and p&ndashvalue of .000). In addition, there is one demographic variable that is significantly related to LPI (beta coefficient =.094 and p&ndashvalue of .033). Therefore, years of supervision is positively related to leadership. Today, successful leaders are defined by inspiring and motivating others, promoting a positive work environment, perceiving and understanding emotions, and fostering an organizational climate in which people turn challenging opportunities into successes. This investigation explored the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership practices. This researcher used the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) (Schutte et al., 1998) to assess emotional intelligence of managers, and Kouzes and Posner's (1995) Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) to measure leadership practices. Emotions play a key role in decision-making. This study supports the position that emotional stability and emotional intelligence are important factors for organizational leadership.

Studien undersöker hur olika personlighetsdrag samvarierar med andelen stress vi upplever under Covid-19 pandemin, samt hur dessa personlighetsdrag samvarierar med copingstrategier och hur väl restriktionerna efterföljs. Urvalet bestod av 105 vuxna svenska personer. Formuläret bestod av Ten Item Personality Inventory, Perceived stress scale 10, sex frågor hämtade från Brief cope samt fyra frågor gällande deltagarnas compliance gällande Covid-19 pandemin som konstruerades utifrån Asselmann et al. (2020).Multipla regressioner utfördes för att undersöka det dubbelriktade sambandet mellan personlighetsdrag, stress och coping. Även de demografiska faktorerna ålder, kön, samt boendesituation undersöktes. Analyser av compliance resulterade i takeffekter, vilket gjorde att variabeln uteslöts från multipla regressioner. Resultaten av variabeln compliance var genomgående höga, vilket indikerar att samtliga deltagare, oavsett personlighetsdrag anser sig följa restriktionerna i hög utsträckning. Resultaten från de multipla regressionerna visade ett moderat negativt samband mellan PSS-10 och emotionell stabilitet (β=.53). Även ett svagt positivt samband mellan agreeableness och coping hittades (β=.24). Ett ytterligare fynd var ett svagt positivt samband mellan coping och boendesituation (β=.21), vilket indikerar att personer som bor ihop med andra använder sig av en mer funktionell coping, samt tillämpar dysfunktionella copingstrategier i lägre grad. Fortsatt forskning inom området behövs för att undersöka kopplingar mellan personlighetsdrag, stress, compliance och copingstrategier i relation till Covid-19 pandemin.
The present study investigates the relationship between personality traits, the amount of stress we experience due to the Covid-19 pandemic and how different personality traits covariates with coping strategies as well as compliance to the announced restrictions. The sample consisted of 105 Swedish participants over the age of 18. The questionnaire consisted of Ten Item Personality Inventory, Perceived stress scale 10, six questions were taken from Brief cope and four questions regarding the participants compliance concerning the Covid-19 pandemic which was constructed based on Asselmann et al. (2020). Multiple regressions were performed to investigate the bidirectional relationship between personality traits and stress, and coping. The demographic variables age, gender and housing situations were examined. The analyses of compliance resulted in roof effects, which excluded the variable from multiple regressions. The results of the variable compliance were consistently high, which indicates that all participants, regardless of personality traits, considered themselves to follow the restrictions to a large extent. The results from the multiple regressions showed a moderate negative relationship between PSS-10 and emotional stability (β=.53). A weak positive relationship between agreeableness and coping was also found (β=.24). A further finding was a weak positive relationship between coping and housing situations (β=.21), which implies that people in shared households have more functional coping and tend to use dysfunctional coping to a lower degree. Further research in this area is needed to investigate links between personality traits, stress, compliance and coping strategies in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship that exists between emotional stability, stress and work-family conflict among Standard Bank female employees. For this purpose data was collected from the female employees of Standard Banks in Alice, Fort Beaufort, King Williams and East London Town’s in the Eastern Cape. A sample of 72 female bank employees was drawn from the population. Neuroticism is the opposite of emotional stability and it was mostly often used in place of emotional stability in the study. Results of the study indicated that all study variables are significantly positively correlated with one another. The findings of this study is helpful in the banking industry in order to design human resources policies which will reduce the work-family conflict and decrease stress for female bank employees and for future research in respective topics. The implications of this study are discussed along with recommendations for future research and professional managerial practice.

This purpose of this study was to combine two bodies of literature on relationships, attachment and violence. Given the impact of men's physical aggression and emotional abuse on women, it is likely that these behaviors would also affect attachment. A model proposing that women's attachment style mediated and moderated the relationship between partners' physical and emotional abuse and the stability of women's relationships was tested. Archival data were used from two waves of interviews with a sample of lowincome, ethnically diverse community women. Most (89%) of the initial 835 participants of Project HOW: Health Outcomes of Women completed at least one additional interview providing information on the status of their initial relationships. Of these women, 39% were African American, 30% were Euro-American, and 31% were Mexican American. The effects of men's psychological abuse and physical violence on women's attachment style were tested with regression analyses. The interrelationships between partners' abuse, attachment and relational stability were tested with SEM. Attachment style was expected to moderate the associations among variables and mediate the impact of partners' negative behavior on relational stability. In regression analyses, partners' psychological abuse predicted avoidant and anxious, but not secure attachment ratings. Violence, although significant, explained less variance than psychological abuse for insecure attachment ratings. SEM indicated Physical Aggression was not a significant predictor of Attachment Rating in any group. Moderation was not found. There were no differences between attachment groups. Therefore, attachment was tested in the sample as a mediator. As in analyses for each group, the path from Physical Aggression to Attachment Rating was not significant. In the final model, Emotional Abuse predicted Physical Aggression and Attachment Rating mediated the effect of Emotional Abuse on Relational Stability. Specifically, Emotional Abuse increased (insecure) Attachment Rating, which decreased Relational Stability. Overall, previous research in the violence literature was extended by showing that emotional abuse affected attachment, rather than the reverse.

This essay concerns Purple Hibiscus and Kambili's emotional development, and explores how violence, submission and emotional dependence along with a traditional feminine gender role can hinder acknowledgement of trauma. I propose that Kambili is encouraged to take on a culturally expected feminine gender role, and her submissive disposition is discussed and connected to her constant search for a father figure. The notion of personal and collective postcolonial trauma is explained and applied to contextualise her inability to question either her father or the political situation in Nigeria. I read Kambili's change as negative and aim to show that she has internalised patriarchal structures. Her change is contrasted to the change in her brother Jaja, to show how and why they develop in different directions. Traditional gender roles are discussed from a rather general perspective, but also in a context that concern masculinity, violence and power relations.

This study examines how personal characteristics of a team facilitator (transformational leadership, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability) impact team members' stress level, trust in leadership, and team climate. Participants comprised assessment teams in the student affairs of higher education, providing a unique perspective on a leadership role in which hierarchical positioning between the leader (facilitator) and follower was minimized.

Hypothesis 1 examined transformational leadership and three of the subscales of the Five-Factor Model (FFM)—agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability—as predictors of team stress. It was hypothesized that team facilitators who achieved higher scores would elicit lower team stress. This hypothesis was not supported.

Hypothesis 2 examined emotional stability and conscientiousness as predictors of team climate. It was hypothesized that higher-scoring facilitators would elicit a more positive team climate. This hypothesis had partial support on two of the independent variables. The higher the facilitator scored on conscientiousness, the higher the members rated Team Climate Inventory (TCI) subscale of Vision. The higher the facilitator scored on emotional stability, the lower the members rated the TCI subscale of Participant Safety.

Hypothesis 3 examined emotional stability as a predictor of trust: the higher the score elicited on emotional stable qualities, the higher the trust level. This hypothesis was not supported by the data.

Hypothesis 4 examined transformational leadership as a predictor of trust: the higher the score, the more trust gained. This hypothesis had full support, with transformational leadership being a reliable predictor of trust.

Hypothesis 5 examined agreeableness in predicting stress: those scoring moderately would alleviate stress. This hypothesis was not supported by the data.

Analyses were also conducted on team satisfaction and team performance. Trust, team climate, and stress were examined to predict team satisfaction and performance. For both satisfaction and performance, only one of the three predictors, the TCI, contributed significantly. As the team climate became more positive, team satisfaction and team performance also increased.

Darbe nagrinėjamos vartotojo asmenybės savybių (ektraversijos, intraversijos, emocinio labilumo ir emocinio stabilumo) bei prekinio ženklo „asmenybės“ savybių (nuoširdumas, jaudinimas, kompetencija, rafinuotumas ir stiprumas) rodiklių sąsajos, atsižvelgiant į 3 prekinio ženklo pateikimo modelius (simbolinis, materialus ir asociatyvus). Siekiant sumažinti šalutinių kintamųjų įtaką rezultatams, stimulu buvo pasirinktas neutralus (nei aukšto, nei žemo įsitraukimo), neegzistuojančio prekinio ženklo produktas – mineralinis vanduo. Tyrime dalyvavo 300 tiriamųjų (227 moterys ir 73 vyrai). Amžiaus ribos 18 – 36 metų (vidurkis 20,39). Nustatyta, jog prekinio ženklo „asmenybės“ simbolinio modelio pateikimo atveju savybių suvokimas nesiskiria ekstravertų ir intravertų grupėse, t.y. ekstravertai ir intravertai šias savybes suvokia vienodai. Materialaus modelio pateikimo atveju prekinio ženklo suvokimo skirtumų tarp ekstravertų ir intravertų taip pat nepastebėta. Tokia pati tendencija stebima ir asociatyvaus prekinio ženklo pateikimo modelio atveju. Nagrinėjant vartotojų neurotiškumą nustatyta, jog simbolinio prekinio ženklo pateikimo modelio atveju statistiškai reikšmingai skyrėsi prekinio ženklo jaudinimo, kompetencijos ir rafinuotumo savybių suvokimas, t.y. emociškai labilūs vartotojai šias savybes suvokė kaip labiau išreikštas lyginant su emociškai stabiliais. Materialaus prekinio ženklo pateikimo modelio atveju emociškai labilūs vartotojai prekinio ženklo jaudinimo ir stiprumo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The present thesis focuses on the connection between the consumer personality traits (extroversion, introversion, emotional stability and emotional lability) and perception of brand personality traits (sincere, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness, according to three brand presentation models (symbolic, material and associative). Stimulus was neutral (neither low, neither high involvement), unknown brand product – mineral water, with the purpose to reduce the effects of secondary variables. 300 respondents participated in the research. The distribution of respondents according to the gender was 227 women and 73 men, the boundaries of age were from 18 to 36 (20,39 on average). It has been determinated that there are no differences in the brand personality perception between extroverts and introverts when brand is presented in the symbolic model, i.e. the perception of brand personality is the same among extroverts and introverts. There were no differences in the perception of brand personality among extroverts and introverts when the brand was presented in material model. The same tendency was observed when brand was presented in associative model. Examining consumers’ neuroticism it was developed that emotional label consumers brand personality perceived as more exciting, competence and sophisticated in comparison with emotional stable consumers when brand was presented in the symbolic model. When brand was presented in the material model emotional label... [to full text]

Policies at assisted living facilities should be designed to develop high quality social relationships among older persons that could increase the contentment of the residents. Despite the broad consensus on this mission, the role of social support in the perceived contentment of assisted living facility residents has not been adequately explored. Using social network theory as the framework for this study, the purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether (a) perceived level of social support was related to perceived level of contentment with life among assisted living facility residents, (b) the length of time spent in the facility was related to perceived levels of contentment, and (c) perceived social support moderated the relationship between the length of time in the facility and perceived levels of contentment with life. The sample included 100 residents from 2 assisted living facilities in North Carolina. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Generalized Contentment Scale were used in this study. Linear regression analyses were employed to answer the research questions. Participants with higher levels of perceived social support tended to have higher levels of perceived contentment with life, and the length of time residents had spent in the facility was not related to their perceived contentment with life. In addition, levels of social support did not moderate the relationship between the length of time respondents had been in the facility and contentment; age, gender, ethnicity, and marital status were not related to perceived contentment with life. This study leads to positive social change by providing long-term care providers with information on social support systems and how staff can create conditions for them to enjoy better social relationships and experience greater support, thereby facilitating their contentment with life.

This study explores the dynamics of sexuality amongst relatively wealthier urban young adults in the capital of Mozambique, Maputo. How class works in shaping sexuality and gender dynamics constitute some of the questions tackled here. Such questions have not received much attention on studies regarding these topics in the African continent. Based on 15 months of fieldwork, the thesis analyses how young adults use sexuality to give a sense of self and personhood in a context marked by rapid transformations occurring in the country intertwined with the legacy of colonialism, socialism, civil war and liberalisation of the economy. Tactical agency emerges as a critical concept to explain the ways in which both men and women manoeuvre to reach emotional stability and social recognition in the city. Questions of identity, which are negotiated in regards to diverse modernities and African heritage, are at the core of radical contradictions that characterise the everyday dynamics, expectations of young cosmopolitans in the city. Amongst young adults there is a constant (re-)shaping of perceptions and ways of living femininities and masculinities. These are fuelled by internal logics of sexual and intimate relationships as well as the management of emotions within them. However, class and its dispositions permeate these processes. Marriage is the key means to socially recognized adulthood however; the process towards it is perilous as it involves a constant negotiation of expectations. Finally, love emerges as a space of catharsis in which individuals feel at ease and distant from social pressures and the desire to 'fit in'. Paradoxically it is a space of stress it is perceived as a source of profound unhappiness when things go wrong.

У дисертаційній роботі обґрунтовано концептуальні засади дослідження проблеми й емпірично встановлено соціально-адаптаційні та особистісно- поведінкові ознаки прояву емоційної стабільності художньо обдарованої особистості. Поглиблено наукові уявлення про особливості взаємодетермінації емоційної стабільності та соціальної адаптованості художньо обдарованої особистості і на емпірико-діагностичному рівні верифіковано зміст зумовленості проявів емоційної стабільності особистісно-поведінковими характеристиками студентів художніх спеціальностей. За результатами емпіричного дослідження доведено, що соціальна адаптованість зумовлена релевантними проявами емоційної стабільності художньо обдарованої особистості у показниках її особистісно-поведінкових властивостей; констатовано релевантні рівню прояву емоційної стабільності рівні (імпульсивний, компенсаційний та збалансований) та механізми (накопичення, мобілізації та оптимізації) соціальної адаптованості художньо обдарованої особистості.
In dissertation paper the conceptual bases of problem research are grounded and socially adaptive, personality and behavioral features of manifestation of emotional stability of artistically gifted person are empirically identified. Scientific understanding of peculiarities of interdetermination of emotional stability and social adaptability of artistically gifted person is deepened and conditionality content of manifestations of emotional stability by personality and behavioral characteristics of students of art specialties is verified on empirically diagnostic level. As result of empirical study it is proved, that social adaptability is conditioned by relevant manifestations of emotional stability of artistically gifted person in terms of its personality and behavioral characteristics; relevant to manifestation level of emotional stability levels (impulsive, compensational and balanced) and mechanisms (storing, mobilization and optimization) of social adaptability of artistically gifted person are established.

For decades, there has been substantial research showing that ability tests effectively predict what people can do, but it is only in the last fifteen years that it has come to be generally accepted that personality is a useful predictor of what they will do. Much of this change in appreciation of the role of personality in predicting performance has been attributed to the application of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality to personality-performance research. The FFM was developed on the basis of the lexical hypothesis, which states that it is advantageous for people to be able to accurately describe the behaviour of others, and therefore the most important dimensions of personality will be encoded in natural languages. An associated premise is that natural language descriptors refer to an individual's surface appearance or reputation (i.e., their observable behaviours), rather than the underlying processes or genotype of personality (i.e., people's cognitive and affective processing). This reasoning was used as the basis for most of the factor-analytical studies of personality descriptors within the English language, and one of the most robust factor solutions was the FFM. The FFM contains the personality dimensions Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience and Emotional Stability. Although the FFM continues to evolve, particularly in response to cross-cultural research, the five basic dimensions appear to be remarkably consistent, and at least the core of each of these has been identified in the first six or seven factors found in every language considered to date. Of the five factors, Conscientiousness has been the one most reliably associated with workplace performance. Workplace performance itself has undergone a major reconsideration over the last fifteen to twenty years. Prior to that time, formal job roles and responsibilities were typically considered the start and finish of performance, but formal job requirements are now recognised as only one aspect of performance, which is increasingly referred to as Task Performance. Task Performance tends to change substantially from job to job, but there are other aspects of job performance, most notably Citizenship Performance, which appear to be consistent in most jobs. Citizenship Performance includes activities undertaken by an employee which facilitate Task Performance, such as making greater effort, complying with rules and procedures, and assisting others. Whereas Task Performance appears to be closely related to an individual's abilities, Citizenship Performance was originally proposed as an aspect of performance which is influenced by attitudinal and personality variables. Thus it has been proposed that Citizenship Performance largely mediates the relationship between personality variables, such as Conscientiousness, and Task Performance. However, this predictors of performance model has previously only been investigated in workplace settings. Yet performance is a relevant construct not only within workplace settings, but also within academic settings. In addition, the FFM dimension of Conscientiousness has been observed to be a reliable predictor of academic performance, just as it is a reliable predictor of workplace performance. Within educational settings, performance is typically tied to assessment measures, such as marks and GPA, which appear to measure academic Task Performance. However, no previous research appears to have considered whether Citizenship Performance mediates the relationship between Conscientiousness and Task Performance within an academic setting. Study One of this dissertation was designed to test this proposition. Participants in this study were 175 students enrolled within an introductory management subject. Participants provided assessments of their own personality using the Mini-Markers (Saucier, 1994), while Citizenship Performance ratings were provided by students' peers, at the end of a three-week group project. The hand-scored version of the Computerised Adaptive Rating Scales (CARS: Borman, 1999; Coleman & Borman, 2000) was used to assess Citizenship, but unfortunately the three scales of the CARS did not demonstrate good internal reliability. Consequently, a factor analysis was conducted to establish a new scale using the CARS items. This new scale, which was labelled Active Support, used six of the twelve CARS items and had satisfactory internal reliability. It was observed that the resulting scores on this Citizenship Performance scale were positively correlated with both Conscientiousness and academic Task Performance (as measured by grades). As predicted, Citizenship Performance entirely mediated the relationship between Conscientiousness and academic Task Performance. Therefore, the results of Study One were consistent with the predictors of performance model. It was concluded that Citizenship Performance is an important component of performance within academic settings, just as it is within workplace settings. Despite the fact that the relationship between both workplace and academic performance, and Conscientiousness, is reliable and well-established, correlations between Conscientiousness and performance tend to be moderate at best. Previous research has observed that other-rated measures of Conscientiousness have higher correlations with academic performance than do self-rated measures. Consequently, Study Two explored whether other-rated Conscientiousness improved the prediction of academic Citizenship and Task Performance, using a similar design to that utilised in Study One. One hundred and twenty-two students participated in Study Two while undertaking the same course as the students who had participated in Study One. Most of the results of Study Two were consistent with expectations, but there were some unexpected outcomes. Other-rated Conscientiousness was found to be a significantly better predictor of both academic Task and Citizenship Performance than was self-rated Conscientiousness. However, contrary to previous ideas, the relationship between other-rated Conscientiousness and Task Performance was not mediated by Citizenship Performance. In contrast, it was observed that the correlation between other-rated Conscientiousness and other-rated Citizenship Performance was .61 if both ratings were obtained from the same raters, and .44 if the two ratings were obtained from independent raters. When corrected for measurement unreliability, these estimates approached unity, which is consistent with the idea that, for the other-raters, Conscientiousness and Citizenship Performance were measuring the same construct. However, this study had several limitations, including its small sample size, the use of an unusual measure for Citizenship Performance, and the fact that it had been conducted in an academic setting. Therefore, there was a need to replicate Study Two before accepting that Conscientiousness and Citizenship Performance are actually much more strongly associated than previous research has indicated. In order to replicate Study Two, while addressing some of its limitations, a third study was conducted within a workplace setting. In Study Three, general staff supervisors within a public university were asked to rate their staff on measures of both personality and Citizenship Performance. In addition to Active Support, the measure used in Studies One and Two, two additional measures were included, which assessed the aspects of Citizenship Performance referred to as Individual Initiative and Helping Behaviour. The FFM dimension of Agreeableness was also added, because previous research indicates that, while Conscientiousness may be a better predictor of Individual Initiative, Helping Behaviour should be more closely associated with the FFM dimension of Agreeableness. However, using multiple ratings derived from the same raters can create common method bias in correlations, and so, in line with previous recommendations (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, & Podsakoff, 2003), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to control for this. The resulting correlations confirmed that there were strong relationships between the measures of Citizenship Performance and personality. Helping Behaviour had a strong relationship with supervisor-rated Agreeableness (.81), while Individual Initiative was significantly correlated with supervisor-rated Agreeableness (.44) and supervisor-rated Conscientiousness (.32). Active Support had strong correlations with these measures of personality (.57 and .55 respectively). The results of Study Three indicate that, for the participating supervisors, the Helping Behaviour dimension of Citizenship Performance is largely the same as the Agreeableness dimension of personality. Unlike Study Two, Active Support appeared to be not so closely associated with Conscientiousness, but instead seemed to occupy a position halfway between other-rated Conscientiousness and other-rated Agreeableness. Individual Initiative occupies a similar position, but is not so closely linked to these other-rated personality variables. Although these results suggest that, when compared with the students in Study Two, the supervisors in Study Three had a slightly different view of Active Support, it remains clear that much or most of the variance in each of these measures of Citizenship Performance is accounted for by these other-rated measures of personality. In order to understand why the strength of the relationship between the other-rated personality dimensions of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and the performance construct of Citizenship Performance, has been overlooked by previous researchers, it was necessary to reconsider the basic reasons for disagreement in ratings. Agreement between raters tends to vary considerably, depending on who is rating whom. Self-other agreement on ratings is typically modest, other-other agreement tends to be higher, but alternate-form and test-retest agreement are typically higher still. The reasons for this appear to be related to the extent to which ratings are produced using similar observations, and integrating these in similar ways, as well as the extent to which ratings are affected by specific aspects of individual rater-ratee relationships. Previous research has provided estimates for these effects which can be used to correct correlations for resulting biases. When these are applied to correlations between ratings of measures, such as performance or personality, which are provided by different other-raters, these correlations approximate unity. This includes the correlations, reported in this dissertation, between other-rated personality and other-rated Citizenship Performance. In conclusion, the results of the research reported in this dissertation are consistent with the idea that measures of Citizenship Performance are largely accounted for by other-rated measures of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. It is argued that this conclusion is consistent with the lexical hypothesis which underlay the development of the FFM, as well as with the theoretical basis for the construct of performance. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of the implications of this conclusion, for a range of fields, including understanding the relationship between personality and performance, methodological consequences for future research, and practical implications for staff selection and performance appraisal systems.

For decades, there has been substantial research showing that ability tests effectively predict what people can do, but it is only in the last fifteen years that it has come to be generally accepted that personality is a useful predictor of what they will do. Much of this change in appreciation of the role of personality in predicting performance has been attributed to the application of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality to personality-performance research. The FFM was developed on the basis of the lexical hypothesis, which states that it is advantageous for people to be able to accurately describe the behaviour of others, and therefore the most important dimensions of personality will be encoded in natural languages. An associated premise is that natural language descriptors refer to an individual's surface appearance or reputation (i.e., their observable behaviours), rather than the underlying processes or genotype of personality (i.e., people's cognitive and affective processing). This reasoning was used as the basis for most of the factor-analytical studies of personality descriptors within the English language, and one of the most robust factor solutions was the FFM. The FFM contains the personality dimensions Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience and Emotional Stability. Although the FFM continues to evolve, particularly in response to cross-cultural research, the five basic dimensions appear to be remarkably consistent, and at least the core of each of these has been identified in the first six or seven factors found in every language considered to date. Of the five factors, Conscientiousness has been the one most reliably associated with workplace performance. Workplace performance itself has undergone a major reconsideration over the last fifteen to twenty years. Prior to that time, formal job roles and responsibilities were typically considered the start and finish of performance, but formal job requirements are now recognised as only one aspect of performance, which is increasingly referred to as Task Performance. Task Performance tends to change substantially from job to job, but there are other aspects of job performance, most notably Citizenship Performance, which appear to be consistent in most jobs. Citizenship Performance includes activities undertaken by an employee which facilitate Task Performance, such as making greater effort, complying with rules and procedures, and assisting others. Whereas Task Performance appears to be closely related to an individual's abilities, Citizenship Performance was originally proposed as an aspect of performance which is influenced by attitudinal and personality variables. Thus it has been proposed that Citizenship Performance largely mediates the relationship between personality variables, such as Conscientiousness, and Task Performance. However, this predictors of performance model has previously only been investigated in workplace settings. Yet performance is a relevant construct not only within workplace settings, but also within academic settings. In addition, the FFM dimension of Conscientiousness has been observed to be a reliable predictor of academic performance, just as it is a reliable predictor of workplace performance. Within educational settings, performance is typically tied to assessment measures, such as marks and GPA, which appear to measure academic Task Performance. However, no previous research appears to have considered whether Citizenship Performance mediates the relationship between Conscientiousness and Task Performance within an academic setting. Study One of this dissertation was designed to test this proposition. Participants in this study were 175 students enrolled within an introductory management subject. Participants provided assessments of their own personality using the Mini-Markers (Saucier, 1994), while Citizenship Performance ratings were provided by students' peers, at the end of a three-week group project. The hand-scored version of the Computerised Adaptive Rating Scales (CARS: Borman, 1999; Coleman & Borman, 2000) was used to assess Citizenship, but unfortunately the three scales of the CARS did not demonstrate good internal reliability. Consequently, a factor analysis was conducted to establish a new scale using the CARS items. This new scale, which was labelled Active Support, used six of the twelve CARS items and had satisfactory internal reliability. It was observed that the resulting scores on this Citizenship Performance scale were positively correlated with both Conscientiousness and academic Task Performance (as measured by grades). As predicted, Citizenship Performance entirely mediated the relationship between Conscientiousness and academic Task Performance. Therefore, the results of Study One were consistent with the predictors of performance model. It was concluded that Citizenship Performance is an important component of performance within academic settings, just as it is within workplace settings. Despite the fact that the relationship between both workplace and academic performance, and Conscientiousness, is reliable and well-established, correlations between Conscientiousness and performance tend to be moderate at best. Previous research has observed that other-rated measures of Conscientiousness have higher correlations with academic performance than do self-rated measures. Consequently, Study Two explored whether other-rated Conscientiousness improved the prediction of academic Citizenship and Task Performance, using a similar design to that utilised in Study One. One hundred and twenty-two students participated in Study Two while undertaking the same course as the students who had participated in Study One. Most of the results of Study Two were consistent with expectations, but there were some unexpected outcomes. Other-rated Conscientiousness was found to be a significantly better predictor of both academic Task and Citizenship Performance than was self-rated Conscientiousness. However, contrary to previous ideas, the relationship between other-rated Conscientiousness and Task Performance was not mediated by Citizenship Performance. In contrast, it was observed that the correlation between other-rated Conscientiousness and other-rated Citizenship Performance was .61 if both ratings were obtained from the same raters, and .44 if the two ratings were obtained from independent raters. When corrected for measurement unreliability, these estimates approached unity, which is consistent with the idea that, for the other-raters, Conscientiousness and Citizenship Performance were measuring the same construct. However, this study had several limitations, including its small sample size, the use of an unusual measure for Citizenship Performance, and the fact that it had been conducted in an academic setting. Therefore, there was a need to replicate Study Two before accepting that Conscientiousness and Citizenship Performance are actually much more strongly associated than previous research has indicated. In order to replicate Study Two, while addressing some of its limitations, a third study was conducted within a workplace setting. In Study Three, general staff supervisors within a public university were asked to rate their staff on measures of both personality and Citizenship Performance. In addition to Active Support, the measure used in Studies One and Two, two additional measures were included, which assessed the aspects of Citizenship Performance referred to as Individual Initiative and Helping Behaviour. The FFM dimension of Agreeableness was also added, because previous research indicates that, while Conscientiousness may be a better predictor of Individual Initiative, Helping Behaviour should be more closely associated with the FFM dimension of Agreeableness. However, using multiple ratings derived from the same raters can create common method bias in correlations, and so, in line with previous recommendations (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, & Podsakoff, 2003), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to control for this. The resulting correlations confirmed that there were strong relationships between the measures of Citizenship Performance and personality. Helping Behaviour had a strong relationship with supervisor-rated Agreeableness (.81), while Individual Initiative was significantly correlated with supervisor-rated Agreeableness (.44) and supervisor-rated Conscientiousness (.32). Active Support had strong correlations with these measures of personality (.57 and .55 respectively). The results of Study Three indicate that, for the participating supervisors, the Helping Behaviour dimension of Citizenship Performance is largely the same as the Agreeableness dimension of personality. Unlike Study Two, Active Support appeared to be not so closely associated with Conscientiousness, but instead seemed to occupy a position halfway between other-rated Conscientiousness and other-rated Agreeableness. Individual Initiative occupies a similar position, but is not so closely linked to these other-rated personality variables. Although these results suggest that, when compared with the students in Study Two, the supervisors in Study Three had a slightly different view of Active Support, it remains clear that much or most of the variance in each of these measures of Citizenship Performance is accounted for by these other-rated measures of personality. In order to understand why the strength of the relationship between the other-rated personality dimensions of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and the performance construct of Citizenship Performance, has been overlooked by previous researchers, it was necessary to reconsider the basic reasons for disagreement in ratings. Agreement between raters tends to vary considerably, depending on who is rating whom. Self-other agreement on ratings is typically modest, other-other agreement tends to be higher, but alternate-form and test-retest agreement are typically higher still. The reasons for this appear to be related to the extent to which ratings are produced using similar observations, and integrating these in similar ways, as well as the extent to which ratings are affected by specific aspects of individual rater-ratee relationships. Previous research has provided estimates for these effects which can be used to correct correlations for resulting biases. When these are applied to correlations between ratings of measures, such as performance or personality, which are provided by different other-raters, these correlations approximate unity. This includes the correlations, reported in this dissertation, between other-rated personality and other-rated Citizenship Performance. In conclusion, the results of the research reported in this dissertation are consistent with the idea that measures of Citizenship Performance are largely accounted for by other-rated measures of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. It is argued that this conclusion is consistent with the lexical hypothesis which underlay the development of the FFM, as well as with the theoretical basis for the construct of performance. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of the implications of this conclusion, for a range of fields, including understanding the relationship between personality and performance, methodological consequences for future research, and practical implications for staff selection and performance appraisal systems.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Full Text

Автором исследованы личностные изменения работников правоохранительных органов с позиции позитивных приобретений и совершенствования профессиональной деятельности.
The author investigated personal changes of law enforcement officers from the position of positive acquisitions and improvement of professional activity.

The purpose of this research was to identify motivational factors that would predict organisational commitment and citizenship behaviour. One important motivational factor is empowerment, which is an intrinsic motivator (Spreitzer, 1995, p. 121 table 5 ), this study examined the contribution of each of its four dimensions in predicting affective commitment and citizenship behaviours targeted towards both individuals and the organisation. I also investigated the association that leader-member exchange and three personality factors (extraversion, emotional stability and openness to experience) had with both empowerment and organisational outcomes (affective commitment, citizenship behaviours). I further examined empowerment mediation effects. This research was conducted among ten occupational groups at The Waikato District Health Board in New Zealand. 872 questionnaires were distributed and a final sample of 306 responses (35.1%) was obtained. The results, consistent across all occupational groups and other demographics, suggested that although extraversion, emotional stability and openness to experience individually contributed to empowerment, affective commitment and citizenship behaviours, when their contribution towards affective commitment and citizenship behaviour was examined simultaneously with empowerment and LMX contributions, personality contribution decreased. The regression equation results showed emotional stability as the only significant personality contributor towards citizenship behaviours. In addition, leader member exchange contribution was significant only towards affective commitment whereas empowerment was the strongest predictor of the three organisational outcomes explored. Moreover, two of the four empowerment dimensions were also found to mediate the relationship between LMX and affective commitment. However, no empowerment mediation effects were found between LMX and citizenship behaviours. Overall, this research provides valuable information on how to increase employee's affective commitment and extra role behaviours by adjusting organisation's structures and policies and fostering employees' perception of empowerment. Recommendations for further research and practical implications for organisations are discussed in the final chapter.

The present article tries to offer a wide vision of the labor instability as a phenomenon that affects the Peruvian workers in all the labors regimens. Not only from the perspective of the labor law but from a psychological perspective for which the psychoanalytic concepts used by Sigmund Freud will join, as well as to show, from the point of view of the authors, that the labor instability is a phenomenon that concerns the health so much physical as psychological and emotional of the worker. Finally, the authors, try to offer ways to fight.
El presente artículo pretende brindar una visión más amplia acerca de la inestabilidad laboral como fenómeno que afecta a los trabajadores peruanos en los distintos regímenes laborales existentes, es decir, no sólo desde la perspectiva del Derecho Laboral, que es la rama que se ocupa de la misma en primera instancia, sino desde una perspectiva psicológica para lo cual se integrarán los conceptos psicoanalíticos utilizados por Sigmund Freud, así como mostrar, desde el punto de vista de los autores, que la inestabilidad laboral es un fenómeno que afecta a la salud tanto física, como psicológica y emocional del trabajador. Finalmente, los autores, pretenden brindar propuestas para lidiar con el problema de la inestabilidad laboral.

Personality disorders (PD) are among the most complex aspects of human behaviour to understand and manage. Stability is thought to be one of the major distinguishing features between PD’s and other forms of psychopathology, however, recent studies have challenged this notion. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the focus of this review and is characterised by interpersonal and emotion regulation difficulties. This thesis aimed to first examine the naturalistic course of BPD, through systematic review of the current literature. Following screening, 12 studies, that met all inclusion/exclusion criteria, were critically evaluated. The results, from studies rated as methodologically sound, suggested that the categorical diagnosis of BPD has poor stability over time, with only 3%-35% of participants retaining a diagnosis of BPD over time. However, the studies reviewed were limited by the population they examined: mainly working age adults with mental health problems. Therefore, studies need to be continued and replicated to increase our understanding of the lifespan course of BPD. PD’s within older adults with mental health problems is a highly debated topic. Clinicians have highlighted the presence of PD symptoms within this group and the need for appropriate therapies. Schema therapy is one intervention that has shown to be effective in the treatment of PD symptoms within a working adult population. A recent Delphi-study led to the consensus that existing therapies for PD, such as schema therapy, that have shown to be effective in working aged adults are applicable to older adults. Therefore, the empirical project focused on exploring the theoretical underpinnings of schema therapy in older adults with mental health problems. 3 self-report questionnaires were administered to 62 participants (aged 65- 85 years); Young’s Schema Questionnaire – Short Form (YSQ-S3), Coolidge Axis-II Inventory (Short) (SCATI-II) and The Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (REQ- 2). Analysis highlighted that YSQ-S3 and REQ-2 scores significantly predicted 69% of the variance in SCATI-II scores. To the author’s knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to find support for the relationships between early maladaptive schemas (EMS), PD symptoms and the use of dysfunctional emotion regulation (ER) strategies, consistent with the schema therapy model, in older adults with mental health problems.

Stressrelaterad ohälsa är ett stort problem som bland annat bidrar till många sjukskrivningar. Det är därför angeläget att bättre förstå vilka faktorer som motverkar skadlig stress. Två viktiga skyddsfaktorer är emotionell stabilitet och kondition. Kön är också en betydelsefull faktor men det är oklart om det finns mer komplexa samband relaterade till kön. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka om kön kan moderera betydelsen av emotionell stabilitet respektive kondition som skydd mot stressrelaterad ohälsa. Två grupper som är relevanta att studera i det här sammanhanget. är studenter och poliser. Undersökningsgruppen i studien utgörs av studenter vid polisutbildningen (N=446). Studien omfattar data från två insamlingstillfällen; vid polisutbildningens antagningsprocess våren 2008 och i slutet av utbildning, våren 2010. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar genomfördes två typer av statistiska analyser; först en hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys och sedan två moderationsanalyser. Resultaten visar att emotionell stabilitet, kondition och kön tillsammans förklarade 18% av polisstudenternas totala ohälsa. Samtliga tre variabler bidrog till att predicera ohälsa både enskilt och tillsammans. Kvinnor uppgav högre grad av ohälsa än män. Moderationsanalyserna påvisade ingen moderationseffekt av kön. Generaliserbarheten är osäker då den aktuella undersökningsgruppen är unik. Det är därför angeläget att undersöka om det kan finnas mer komplexa samband i andra grupper, exempelvis bland äldre poliser.

Several lines of evidence suggest that asymmetric anterior brain activation is related to affective style, linking left hemisphere activation to positive affect and right hemisphere activation to negative affect. However, previous reports of left frontal hypoactivation in depressed patients were not confirmed in recent studies. This study evaluated additional characteristics of resting EEG alpha (8–13 Hz) asymmetry in 15 clinically depressed patients and 22 healthy adults by recording EEG activity on two separate occasions, 2–4 weeks apart. Across both sessions, group differences in anterior EEG asymmetry were compatible with the original hypothesis. However, groups differed in temporal stability of anterior EEG asymmetry, which was retest reliable in controls but not depressed patients. In contrast, temporal stability of posterior EEG asymmetry was acceptable in both groups. Increased variability of anterior EEG asymmetry may be a characteristic feature for depression, and, if so, this would challenge the notion that anterior EEG alpha asymmetry is a trait marker for depression
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

Several lines of evidence suggest that asymmetric anterior brain activation is related to affective style, linking left hemisphere activation to positive affect and right hemisphere activation to negative affect. However, previous reports of left frontal hypoactivation in depressed patients were not confirmed in recent studies. This study evaluated additional characteristics of resting EEG alpha (8–13 Hz) asymmetry in 15 clinically depressed patients and 22 healthy adults by recording EEG activity on two separate occasions, 2–4 weeks apart. Across both sessions, group differences in anterior EEG asymmetry were compatible with the original hypothesis. However, groups differed in temporal stability of anterior EEG asymmetry, which was retest reliable in controls but not depressed patients. In contrast, temporal stability of posterior EEG asymmetry was acceptable in both groups. Increased variability of anterior EEG asymmetry may be a characteristic feature for depression, and, if so, this would challenge the notion that anterior EEG alpha asymmetry is a trait marker for depression.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Private deck of cards created during six-month survey and documentation of daily experiences. The package contains 49 cards and it is inspired by a set of 78 tarot cards. Text content - reverse side of the card was created using diary notes. Face side of the card was chosen as a representation of processes taking place usually in days when the card was read.

M.A.
The aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in the six facets of the Neuroticism subscale of the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (measuring Emotional Stability / Instability) in relation to two eating disorder inventories, namely the EDI (Eating Disorder Inventory) and the EI (Eating Inventory) in males. The six facets of the Neuroticism scale are Anxiety, Angry Hostility, Depression, Impulsiveness, Self-Consciousness and Vulnerability. Based on the literature review, it was hypothesised that males with differential Neuroticism scores would show different scores on the eating disorder inventories. The sample consisted of 98 white, male, English speaking university students between the ages of 18 and 28, drawn from two tertiary education institutes in South Africa. The males were divided into high, medium and low groups for each facet of the Neuroticism scale according to the norm tables provided in the NEO PI-R manual. The NEO PI-R, the EDI and the EI were administered to all subjects. The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences between males with high, medium and low scores on the Anxiety, Depression, Self-Consciousness and Vulnerability facets of the Neuroticism subscales of the NEO PI-R in terms of the 11 subscales of the EDI taken together. There were also statistically significant differences between the males with high, medium and low scores on the Depression and Impulsiveness facets of the Neuroticism subscale of the NEO PI-R in terms of the 3 subscales of the EI taken together. It can be deduced that certain temperament traits may be related to eating disordered symptomatology and cognition. The above hypothesis was thus supported. These findings are also supported by findings from previous research which has found that emotional instability is evident in eating disordered individuals, even from childhood, and studies that have found that eating disordered individuals have tendencies towards neurotic personalities.

M.A.
Psychological assessment is in a crisis in South Africa. Many local and imported inventories currently in use have not been tested for bias and have not been cross-culturally validated (Foxcroft, Roodt, & Abrahams, 2005). Others show various psychometric problems, such as low reliability and inappropriateness for previously disadvantaged groups (e.g. Meiring, Van de Vijver, Rothmann, & Barrick, 2005). The theoretical models on which these inventories are based were developed in the Western context ignoring South Africa’s multilingual and multicultural society. This may have resulted in inadequate selection of job applicants in organisational settings, and improper assessments of clients in the education and healthcare sectors. In order to make assessment suitable for the entire South African population, the development of indigenous theories, constructs and inventories that are valid for all cultural groups is therefore urgently needed. The present study aimed at the construction and validation of an indigenous Emotional Stability scale. Its development was based on the qualitatively derived Emotional Stability cluster of the SAPI1 (South African Personality Inventory), a project initiated in 2006 to develop a personality instrument, which is locally derived from indigenous conceptions of personality in all 11 official languages. The Emotional Stability cluster consists of six subclusters and 25 facets comprising person-descriptive terms, indicating positive and negative psychological adjustment. These person-descriptive terms were used to create a definition of the meaning of each facet for all languages ensuring coverage of the whole construct. Items were generated to represent these definitions. The final inventory consisted of a single list of 326 items, which was presented to a second year undergraduate psychology student sample, attending a course in personality psychology (N = 610). Participants also completed the Neuroticism scale of the Basic Traits Inventory (BTI, Taylor & De Bruin, 2006) and the items of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS, Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) to allow for external validation of the indigenous Emotional Stability scale. Factor analyses indicated that the positive and negative facets of the Emotional Stability cluster defined separate factors, which led to the exclusion of the positive facets, resulting in the scale measuring only those personality characteristics typically attributed to Neuroticism. To denote the difference, the final scale was renamed “indigenous Neuroticism scale”. Three comparison groups were formed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the indigenous Neuroticism scale across language groups, namely: Germanic (English and Afrikaans), Nguni (Zulu, Xhosa, Swati and Ndebele), and Sotho (Sepedi, Sesotho and Setswana). The results of the present study revealed a valid and reliable, multifaceted indigenous measure of Neuroticism. The Neuroticism factor consists of five facets, namely Despaired, Anxious, Dependent, Temperamental, and Impulsive. Factor congruence of the indigenous Neuroticism factor across all language groups assessed was demonstrated, indicating that the dimension Neuroticism has the same psychological meaning across all groups. Tucker’s phi obtained for the factor Neuroticism for each language group was: Germanic (pxy = 1.00), Nguni (pxy = 1.00) and Sotho (pxy = .99).

碩士
中國文化大學
國際企業管理研究所
95
Promotion is an important means in management. For personal, it can not only raise our salary, but also effect our career’s development and plan. Therefore, knowing the factors that effect promotion can help organization to design much effective job system and be good for personal career’s management. Therefore this research discusses staff’s emotional stability and promotion. This research discusses the relationship between emotional stability and promotion. And the promotion divides into three dimensions – the frequency of promotion, the fre-quency of job rotation and the empowerment. In findings, emotional stability and the frequency of promotion have obviously positive relationship. Besides, emotional stabil-ity and the frequency of job rotation have no significantly relationship. And emotional stability and empowerment have obviously positive relationship. In the last, this research has some discussion and advice.

碩士
國立聯合大學
經營管理學系碩士班
105
This study examines the relationship between abusive supervision and job satisfaction, workplace deviance behavior (supervisor-directed deviance and organizational deviance) and turnover intention, by focusing on the mediating effect of job stress and psychological distress and the moderating effect of emotional stability. Data were obtained from 288 full-times employees of various industries of Taiwan enterprises. The results indicated that the positively affect between abusive supervision and job stress and psychological distress. Meanwhile, job stress mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and job satisfaction, supervisor-directed deviance, and turnover intention. For psychological distress, it just mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and supervisor-directed deviance. Furthermore, emotional stability moderates the relationships between job stress and job satisfaction, supervisor-directed deviance, organizational deviance and turnover intention. For psychological distress, emotional stability moderates the relationship between psychological distress and job satisfaction. Theoretical and the practical implications are discussed.

M.Phil. (Industrial Psychology)
The equivalent cross-cultural assessment of personality has long been a debatable subject in psychological research. Personologists remain divided as to the universality of personality traits, and as such, their cross-cultural applicability. This argument remains valid within the South African multicultural and multilingual context. In addition to the applicability of various imported personality measures, South Africa’s past misuse of psychological assessments for unfair discriminatory purposes has created many negative perceptions of their utility. This was further corroborated with the promulgation of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 that stipulates that all psychological assessments used in South Africa need to meet the criteria of: a) being scientifically shown to be valid and reliable; b) can be applied fairly to all employees; and c) not biased against any employee or group (Government Gazette, 1998). Currently no validated indigenous model and measure of personality exists in South Africa. Psychological assessments are mainly imported from the United States of America (US) and United Kingdom (UK) and normed to the South African population. Foxcroft, Roodt and Abrahams (2005) acknowledge that many of these assessments, in addition to many locally developed measures, have not been tested for bias nor have they been cross-culturally validated. Furthermore, the theories, models and taxonomies on which these measures are based were developed within a Western context and as such, have not incorporated the unique intricacies of the South African context and its array of cultures and languages. Therefore, the accurate and appropriate measure of personality within South Africa has been impeded.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003.
Advisor: Neil Abell, Florida State University, School of Social Work. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 2, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Title: Analysis of the relationship motor docility, emotional stability and reactibility. Aim : The objective was to gain insight into the theoretical knowledge of motor docility. Try to analyze the correlation between the motor docility, reactibility and emotional stability of students of physical education UJEP. Methods: The level of motor docility was measured by IOWA BRACE test, the shift in learning new motor skills in selected sports during the semester and expert assessment. Reactibility was through disjunctive test reaction times observed temporal variability of response times. Emotional stability was diagnosed with neuroticism dimension in the EPQ-R. Results: The sample had the expected characteristics due to the emotional stability. It was proved relation between values of neuroticism and temporal variability in reaction time test reactibility. Partly succeeded confirm the relationship between motor docility (test progression in learning new motor skills) and temporal variability of response times. The relationship between the level of motor docility and emotional stability was not demonstrated. Keywords: motor docility, neuroticism, EPQ-R, IOWA BRACE.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
教育心理與輔導學系在職進修碩士班
94
The purposes of the study were to understand the influence of the emotional management instruction on the coping behaviors of stress and emotional stability and evaluation of the emotional management instruction for the seventh graders. A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent groups design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 225 seventh graders studying at a junior high school from SanChung in Taipei County. Participants in the experimental group(113) had received the 4-session emotional management instructions for two weeks. The control group (112) didn’t receive the treatments until the study was finished. The data was analyzed by the descriptive statistics and two-way ANOVA. The major finding was as follows：First, non-compulsion scale scores of pre-test, post-test and postpone-test were significantly difference after the intervention of the emotional management instruction. Second, the students in experimental group held positive and affirmative attitude toward the emotional management instruction. Finally, according to the conclusions, the study provides some suggestions especially for parents, teachers, schools and future studies.

碩士
淡江大學
商管學院經營管理全英語碩士學位學程
106
The topic of customer service is a commonly discussed business practice. Customers would always talk about and remember a company pleasantly if they receive satisfactory and consistent services from an organization. Nevertheless, customers still routinely complain about poor services. This study tries to explore the relationship of one personal factor, i.e., emotional stability, and one organizational factor, i.e., customerorientation consensus, with the service quality consistency in an organization. This study will conduct a brief literature review on the importance of providing consistent customer services. Then the relationships between employees’ behaviors and personal factors as well as organizational factors will be discussed. Finally, it ends with a synthetic analysis of the reviewed literature and coming up with proposed hypotheses. The purposes of this study are to help sales people understand that offering sincere, honest, consistent services to customers is all but guaranteeing their own success. Managers should be aware of the cultivation of customer-orientation concept in the organization. Customer-orientation consensus is important to provide consistent service qualities among employees. Providing consistent services to customers would surely build brand awareness, which is a powerful tool in today’s business environment filled with media-savvy consumers. It is a fundamental concept that a business must deliver value in order to transit from good to great.

碩士
國立屏東師範學院
國民教育研究所
86
The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors that were related to single-parent children''''''''s emotional stability. These factors included child rearing practices and family environment. A questionnaire was constructed to survey on 759 single and two-parent children aged from 11 to 13 who were randomly selected from elementary schools in southern Taiwan.The scales included Child-Rearing Practices Scales, Family Environment Scales, and Emotional Stability Scales. The major finding included (a) The most common child-rearing practices among parents are either neglectful or authoritative, (b) A better-off family environment has a positive influence on children''''''''s emotional stability, (c)Parents'''''''' socioeconomic status was found to be related to children''''''''s child-rearing practices, family environment, and emotional stability, (d) With whom the child stayed (either father or mother) was found to be related to children''''''''s child-rearing practices, family environment, and emotional stability, (e) There were significant differences in terms of child-rearing practices, family environment, emotional stability between single-parent children and intact-family children. (f) Child- rearing practices and family environment were found to be related to children''''''''s emotional stability, (g) Single- parent children''''''''s emotional stability was found to be connected with fathers'''''''' child-rearing practices and family environment, (h)Single-parent children''''''''s child-rearing practices was found to be related to family environment, (i)Single-parents'''''''' child-rearing practices was found to be related to emotional stability, (j)Socioeconomic status was found to be related to single-parent children''''''''s family environment, (k) With whom the child stayed (either father or mother) was found to be related to single-parent children''''''''s family environment. Searching should be done to the single-parent families: 1. Single parents should use open and authoritative child-rearing practices. 2. Single parents should pay attention to the family atmosphere to promote parent-child relationship. 3. Single parents should lay emphasis on the establishment of an intact family. 4. The emotional control of single-parent children can be improved by group-consultation. 5. Schools should contact with single -parent families as often as possible. 6. Assistance of financial support and job-searching should be done to the single -parent families. 7.Social education institutes should hold activities for single-parent families to improve the relationship between parents and children.

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
諮商與應用心理學系碩士班
104
This research examines the relationship between middle school students’ attachment, relationship quality and emotional stability. This research collected a total of 299 valid sample from eighth, ninth and tenth grade students from four public junior high school. The survey was administered using convenient sampling. The attitudinal scale consists of “Parental Attachment Scale”, “Friendship Quality Scale” and “Emotional Stability Scale”. The outcome of the test presented descriptive statistic, independent T test, ANOVA and multiple step-wise regression analysis. The main result suggested that for middle school students: 1.Parental attachment was best on “Mother-Trust” and worst on “Mother-detachment”. Friendship quality was most favorable on “Accompany” and least favorable on “Conflict”. Emotional stability showed overall stability. 2.Gender difference was statistically significant on friendship quality. Female students’ perception was most prevalent at positive indicators of friendship quality, while male students’ perception was significant at negative indicators. 3.The difference of first, second and third graders were not statistically significant on parental attachment, friendship quality and emotional stability. 4.Parental attachment were positively correlated with friendship quality and emotional stability. And no correlation was detected between friendship quality and emotional stability. 5.Step-wise multiple regression yielded that “Father-Detachment” and “Mother-Detachment” as sound predictor for emotional stability. And rejected friendship quality as valid predictor. Overall, this research provided pedagogical and theoretical implication for researcher and practitioner interested in related fields.

碩士
國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
101
The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of meditation practice and the response of emotional stimulation for meditators of varying levels of experience. This work also applies classification algorithms to implement the estimation of meditation experience levels. For this purpose, EEG data are collected during both meditation and emotional stimulation from meditators grouped into three categories (experienced, intermediate, and those having no previous meditation experience). The results show that the power of EEG Alpha and Theta waves increases during meditation, and the improvement in the power of EEG positive during the meditation process correlates to the experience of meditators. In addition, the changes in physiological response of meditators during emotional stimulation are less than those of the participants having no previous experience with meditation. It demonstrates that experienced meditation can improve emotional stability as well as steady brain activity. The proposed classification indicates that the correct rate in evaluating experience level is 64% in classification between baseline and meditation for all subjects, where experienced and intermediate meditators exhibit 68%, as opposed to participants with no previous meditation experience who weigh in at 58%. For the estimation of meditation experience under emotional stimulation, the correct rate is 60% during emotional states, and 65% between groups of different experience levels.

碩士
國立中正大學
企業管理系研究所
106
Consumer return rate has gradually increased in recent years, and this phenomenon can result in unfavorable outcomes for marketers. Besides, the consumer ethics is related to the consumer return behavior, which has a significant influence on the market, especially for the unethical returns by consumers. This empirical work focus on the psychographics aspect to understand the mental trait of the consumer and predict the different consumer types. By segment the consumer orientation toward returns, the study conducts the five variables to measure the psychographics of the public, including material trait, pragmatic trait, emotional ability, attitude, and religiosity in the model. The study gathered 450 questionnaires on the internet to understand the mental trait of the consumer and use the cluster analysis and discrimination analysis to classify different consumer types. Besides, by observing the trait of each group, we named three groups regarding to these traits of variables. Regarding unethical phenomenon in the society, the prediction of consumer’s misbehavior is really crucial. This study connects the consumer orientation types toward returns and the trait of three groups. Moreover, the importance and the goal of this research help the retailers to identify those unethical consumers on the Internet with big data analysis after segment the consumer. Thus, the marketer can decide whether to sell the goods to unethical consumer or not and take action beforehand.

Emotional intelligence (EI) encompasses abilities (ability EI; AEI) and self-perceptions (trait EI; TEI) related to the expression, understanding, and management of emotions. Research on its developmental dynamics remains heavily weighted by the AEI perspective, whereas TEI has received virtually no attention in the developmental literature. This is a major oversight, as the two EI components are conceptually distinct and contribute independently to the prediction of important outcomes. Using multi-wave data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, this project examined rank-order stability (Study 1) and mean-level change (Study 2) in TEI over a 6-year period from late childhood (age 10-11) to adolescence (age 16-17). Longitudinal measurement invariance of the TEI assessment was also tested (Study 1). Longitudinal mean and covariance structures models (Study 1) and latent growth curve models (Study 2) were fitted to the data from 773 children (51% girls) who completed the Emotional Quotient Inventory–Youth Version Brief form at four biannual waves. Principles from the self-concept literature were used to outline an integrative theoretical framework within which the developmental dynamics of TEI could be studied and understood. Study 1 found that three of the four TEI domains could be measured consistently and reliably over time, and that individual differences in these domains became progressively more stable with age. Contrary to the maturity principle guiding the development of AEI, Study 2 found that mean-level changes in TEI followed a curvilinear trajectory characterizing the development of self-concepts: EI self-perceptions declined between late childhood and early adolescence and then increased later in adolescence. These findings provide, for the first time, important validity evidence for the TEI construct as developmentally distinct from AEI and developmentally similar to self-concept. From an applied standpoint, this implies that enhancing EI abilities alone may not necessarily result in concomitant increases in EI self-concepts, and vice versa. Instead, both AEI and TEI may need to be targeted to maximize the effectiveness of intervention efforts. From a theoretical standpoint, the conceptual link between TEI and self-concept theories suggests that other properties of self-concepts might also generalize to TEI – an important avenue for future research.
Thesis (Ph.D, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-01-29 17:40:30.322

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: A, page: 4346. Adviser: Laurie Kramer. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-128) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

碩士
國立屏東師範學院
國民教育研究所
85
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Rational-Emotive Group Counseling (REGC) on the rational beliefs and emotional stability in the teachers for one elementary school teachers. 　　The subjects of this study consisted of a selection of twenty elementary teachers in one elementary school. The pretest-posttest equivalent-group design was adopted in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups by random assignment. The experiment group received the REGC twelve times in two months(average ninety minutes per session), and the control group received no treatment. 　　The study used"Rational Beliefs Inventory" and "Emotional Stability Inventory" to conduct pretest, posttest, and follow-up measures. The data was analyzed by using the analysis of covariance. Results were summarized as follows: 　　1.The REGC had significant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' rational beliefs rated by themselves, but there were no significant, follow-up effects on it. 　　2.The REGC had significant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' "Approval Need", "Self-Expectation" , "Perfection" ,"Dependency" and "Importance of Change" of rationl beliefs, and there were significant, follow-up effects on them. 　　3.The REGC had significant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' "Blame" of rational beliefs, but there were no significant, follow-up effects on it. 　　4.The REGC had no significant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' "Anxiety" of rational beliefs, and there were no significant, follow-up effects on it. 　　5.The REGC had signifcant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' emotional stability rated by themselves, and there were significant, follow-up effects on it. 　　6.The REGC had significant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' "Guilt" of emotional stability rated by themselves, and there were significant, follow-up effects on it. 　　7.The REGC had significant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' "Anxiety" of emotional stability rated by themselves, but there were no significant, follow-up effects on it. 　　8.The REGC had no significant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' "Low Self Esteem" of emotional stability rated by themselves, and there were no significant, follow-up effects on it. 　　9.The REGC had no signifcant, immediate effects on the elementary teachers'' "Lack of Happiness", "Lack of Autonomy" and "Hypochondria''s" of emotional stability rated by themselves, and there were no significant, follow-up effects on them. 　　Last, several suggestions for further researcher concerning the rational beliefs and emotional stability in elementary school teachers were proposed in this study.

Титаренко О. О. Корекція емоційної нестійкості підлітків методом символдрами : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 053 «Психологія» / наук. керівник О. А. Лукасевич. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2021. 100 с.
UA : Робота викладена на 100 сторінки, 2 таблиці, 4 рисунка, 9 додатків. Перелік посилань включає 76 джерел. Об’єкт дослідження − емоційна сфера підлітків. Психологічний феномен, який став предметом даного кваліфікаційного дослідження, належить до тих диспозиційних властивостей особистості, природа яких станом на теперішній час є недостатньо чітко визначеною. Проблема формування емоційноi стійкості є загальновизнаною в наукових колах та широко визнається в якості важливого чиннику суб’єктного розвитку осіб підліткового віку, а також передумовою iх успішноi навчально-пізнавальноi діяльності у стресогенних обставинах. Зважаючи на кризовий характер перебігу внутрішнього буття особистості у підлітковому віці, радикальні зміни соціальноi ситуаціi розвитку, появу психологічних новоутворень, що лежать в основі соціальноi конфліктності підлітків, специфічного для підліткового віку самосприйняття та самовідчуття, можна стверджувати, що цей період онтогенетичного розвитку людини володіє значним стресогенним потенціалом. Підтвердженням цьому є значне зростання розладів емоційноi сфери, які трапляються саме у підлітковому віці. Даний віковий період характеризується частою появою акцентуацій характеру, невротичноi симптоматики, емоційноi нестійкості, що у сукупності приводить до девіацій та інших стійких порушень адаптаціi підростаючоi людини. Тому розвиток емоційноi сфери підлітків заслуговує на особливу увагу дослідників, результатом якоi має стати розробка дієвих, науково обґрунтованих заходів психологічноi допомоги, спрямованоi на подолання емоційних труднощів та повернення емоційності стабільності та благополуччя осіб, що знаходяться на порозі дорослого життя. Наукова новизна полягає у визначенні змісту поняття емоційноi нестійкості ii чинників та встановленні впливу методу символдрами при корекціi емоційноi нестійкість дітей підліткового віку.
EN : The work is presented on 100 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures, 9 appendices. The list of links includes 76 sources. The object of research is the emotional sphere of adolescents. The psychological phenomenon that has become the subject of this qualification study belongs to those dispositional characteristics of the individual, the nature of which at present is not clearly defined. The problem of forming emotional stability is widely recognized in scientific circles and is widely recognized as an important factor in the subjective development of adolescents, as well as a prerequisite for their successful educational and cognitive activities in stressful circumstances. Given the crisis nature of the inner life of the individual in adolescence, radical changes in the social situation of development, the emergence of psychological neoplasms underlying the social conflict of adolescents, specific to adolescence self-perception and self-esteem, it can be argued that this period of ontogenetic human development potential. This is evidenced by the significant increase in emotional disorders that occur in adolescence. This age period is characterized by frequent occurrence of accentuations of character, neurotic symptoms, emotional instability, which together lead to deviations and other persistent disorders of adaptation of the adolescent. Therefore, the development of the emotional sphere of adolescents deserves special attention of researchers, which should result in the development of effective, scientifically sound measures of psychological assistance aimed at overcoming emotional difficulties and restoring emotional stability and well-being of adults. The scientific novelty is to determine the content of the concept of emotional instability and factors and to establish the influence of the method of symbol drama in the correction of emotional instability of adolescents.

Li Yan.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-122).
Abstracts and questionnaires in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.11
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review and Research Framework --- p.16
Chapter 2.1. --- How emotional stability is measured --- p.16
Chapter 2.2. --- Scientific Reference to Analysis ES --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.1. --- The Paradigm of Self-organization --- p.19
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Emotional Stability is the Emotion Pattern at the Highest-level System --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.3. --- How Can We Describe the Properties of the Highest-level Pattern using the Self-organization Paradigm? --- p.24
Chapter 2.3. --- New Wine in Old Bottles: the Construct of ES --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Order Parameters Constraining the Pattern of Emotional Stability --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.2. --- Author Centered Items of ES --- p.30
Chapter 2.4 --- "The Convergence and Discriminant among ES, EI and Neuroticism" --- p.31
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Discriminant and Convergence between ES and Neuroticism --- p.31
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Discriminant and Convergence between ES and EI --- p.34
Chapter 2.5. --- Criterion of ES --- p.35
Chapter 2.6 --- The Moderating Effects of ES on the Relationships between Proximal Organizational Conflicts and Individual Outcomes --- p.40
Chapter 2.6.1 --- The Moderating Effects of ES on the Relationship between Contingent Organizational Variables and Group Conflict --- p.43
Chapter 2.6.2 --- The Moderating Effects of ES on the Relationship between Dispositional Organizational Variables and Group Conflicts --- p.50
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Study 1-Pilot Study --- p.53
Sampling and Procedure --- p.53
Measurement --- p.54
Results --- p.54
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Study 2 --- p.57
Methods --- p.58
Results --- p.64
Chapter 1. --- Construct Validity --- p.64
Chapter 2. --- Convergent and Discriminant Validity --- p.66
Chapter 3. --- MTMM --- p.68
Chapter 4. --- Criterion Validity of ES --- p.74
Chapter 5. --- Incremental Validity --- p.77
Chapter 6. --- The Moderating Effects of ES on the Relationships between Group Conflicts and Outcome Variables --- p.84
Chapter Chapter 5: --- Discussion --- p.92
Chapter 1. --- Summary on the Results --- p.92
Chapter 2. --- The Implications of ES on Organizational Management --- p.95
Chapter 3. --- Strengths and Weaknesses of the Research --- p.97
Chapter 4. --- Bifurcation Model of Emotion Category and Dynamic Changes --- p.98
Chapter 5. --- Further Extensive Research Issues --- p.101
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.103
REFERENCES --- p.105
APPENDIX --- p.123

碩士
國立嘉義大學
輔導與諮商學系研究所
97
Abstract The purposes of this study were to explore, parenting styles, parent-child interaction, and emotional stability for the new-immigrant children. We wanted to analyze the relationships among new-immigrant children’s personal profiles, parenting styles, parent-child interaction, and emotional stability. 543 subjects were chosen from the new-immigrant members and native children in Taichung city and Taichung country. All subjects were measured by,〝Parenting Styles Scale〞, 〝Parent-Child Interaction Scale〞, 〝Emotional Stability Scale〞. All data had been dealt and analyzed by SPSS for Windows 10.0, descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation and Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis. Summary of the results of this study were as follows: 1. The new-immigrant children (native children) who perceived authoritative parenting style and neglect parenting style were highest on Father and Mother. 2. There was significant difference in emotional stability between different parenting styles. 3. There was significant difference in emotional stability between different parent-child interaction. 4. There were significant positive corrlations between Parenting styles and emotional stability. 5. There were significant positive corrlations between parent-child interaction and emotional stability. 6. The new-immigrant children’s physical interaction of father and psychological interaction of mother may serve as predictors of their emotional stability. According to the above conclusions, some suggestions to parents, school educational workers, and future researchers are provided.