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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Emergency Medical Context"
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Sorani, Mohamad, Sogand Tourani, Hamid Reza Khankeh i Sirous Panahi. "Challenges of helicopter emergency medical service: A qualitative content analysis in Iranian context". Health Policy and Technology 7, nr 4 (grudzień 2018): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2018.09.001.
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Ebrahimian, Abbasali, Hesam Seyedin, Roohangiz Jamshidi-Orak i Gholamreza Masoumi. "Exploring Factors Affecting Emergency Medical Services Staffs’ Decision about Transporting Medical Patients to Medical Facilities". Emergency Medicine International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/215329.
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Transfer of patients in medical emergency situations is one of the most important missions of emergency medical service (EMS) staffs. So this study was performed to explore affecting factors in EMS staffs’ decision during transporting of patients in medical situations to medical facilities. The participants in this qualitative study consisted of 18 EMS staffs working in prehospital care facilities in Tehran, Iran. Data were gathered through semistructured interviews. The data were analyzed using a content analysis approach. The data analysis revealed the following theme: “degree of perceived risk in EMS staffs and their patients.” This theme consisted of two main categories: (1) patient’s condition’ and (2) the context of the EMS mission’. The patent’s condition category emerged from “physical health statuses,” “socioeconomic statuses,” and “cultural background” subcategories. The context of the EMS mission also emerged from two subcategories of “characteristics of the mission” and EMS staffs characteristics’. EMS system managers can consider adequate technical, informational, financial, educational, and emotional supports to facilitate the decision making of their staffs. Also, development of an effective and user-friendly checklist and scoring system was recommended for quick and easy recognition of patients’ needs for transportation in a prehospital situation.
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Valtolina, Stefano, Barbara Rita Barricelli, Alessandro Rizzi, Sabrina Menghini i Ascanio Ciriaci. "Emergency Medical IT Services for Migrants Rescue Operations". Interaction Design and Architecture(s), nr 37 (10.06.2018): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-037-007.
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This paper illustrates the research and development work done in the last 4 years in the frame of rescue operations of migrants who attempt to reach Italian coasts via sea journeys on Mediterranean routes. The context, characterized by humanitarian, social, and organizational issues, presents complex challenges that can only be tackled with a multidisciplinary, participatory, and internationalized approach. The ITHEALTH system and the results of its usability and user experience evaluations are presented. It takes inspiration from other projects developed for different purposes but acting in similar context and according to similar socio-technical dimensions.
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Reynolds, Patrick. "Medical Futility in the Context of ECMO". Ethics & Medics 42, nr 6 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/em201742610.
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Medical futility theory has become an enduring topic of discussion among medical practitioners and bioethicists of all persuasions. This is not necessarily surprising in light of the constant advances in pharmacokinetics and medical technology. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has existed since the early 1970s but was used primarily to treat neonates. Simplistically defined, an ECMO is a smaller, transportable version of the heart–lung bypass machine used during open-heart surgery. It can be used as a temporary rescue device for severe pulmonary or cardiac failure and is very frequently deployed during an acute cardiac emergency, such as cardiac arrest that does not respond to CPR or cardiogenic shock. The increasing use of ECMOs highlights the problem of identifying and understanding medical futility.
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Lund, Adam, Matthew Brendan Munn, Jamie Ranse i Sheila Turris. "Core Curriculum for Event Medical Leaders". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (maj 2019): s112—s113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002383.
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Introduction:The literature on mass gatherings has expanded over the last decade. However, no readily accessible curriculum exists to prepare and support event medical leaders. Such a curriculum has the potential to align event medical professionals on improving event safety, standardizing emergency response, and reducing community impacts.Methods:We organized collaborative expert focus groups on the proposed “core curriculum” and “electives.”Results:Key features of a mass gathering medical curriculum include operations-focused, evidence-informed, best-known practices offered via low barrier, modular, flexible formats with interactive options, and a multi-national focus.Core content proposed: Background (Definitions, Context, Risk, Legalities)Event Medical Planning - “The Seven Steps” - (1.) Assessment and Environmental Scan - Event Emergency Action Plan, (2.) Human Resources, (3.) Equipment/Supplies, (4.) Infrastructure/Logistics, (5.) Transportation (To, On, From), (6.)Communication (Pre, During, Post), and (7.) Administration/Medical DirectionEvent After-Action ReportingCase-based ActivitiesElectives mirror Core outline and serve as expanded case-studies of specific event categories. Initially proposed electives include: Concerts/Music FestivalsRunning EventsCycling EventsMulti-Sport EventsObstacle Adventure CoursesStaged Wilderness CoursesAmateur GamesPolitical Gatherings & OrationsReligious Gatherings & PilgrimagesCommunity Gatherings (e.g., Parades, Fireworks, etc.)Discussion:Complex team learning to standardize real-world approaches has been accomplished in other medical domains (e.g., ACLS, AHLS, ATLS, PALS, etc.). A course for event medicine should not re-teach medical content (i.e. first aid, paramedicine, nursing, medicine); it should make available a commonly understood, systematic approach to planning, execution, and post-event evaluation vis a vis health services at events. A ‘train the trainer’ model will be required, with business operations support for sustainable course delivery. The author team seeks community feedback at WCDEM 2019 in creating ‘the ACLS’ of Event Medicine.
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Xu, Yiming, Mingyang Wu, Wei Chen, Siyi Ge i Yi Liang. "Analysis on the registration and review system of emergency medical devices in China and abroad in the context of COVID-19". International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, nr 2 (19.06.2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i2.522.
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Objective
In the context of COVID-19, the domestic and foreign demand for emergency medical devices, such as medical masks and protective suits, is surging, and it is urgent to complete the registration and review of emergency medical devices with high efficiency and quality, which requires a mature and perfect registration and review system as the support. This paper aims to compare and analyze the domestic and foreign registration and review system of emergency medical device, summarize the good experience, and provide feasible suggestions for improving China's emergency medical device registration and review system.
Method
USA, Canada, Japan and the European Union were selected to make a comparative analysis with China from the aspects of legal system and emergency registration and review procedure by literature research, comparative analysis and other theoretical methods.
Results
The legal system and review mechanism of emergency medical device registration in China have been relatively perfect, but the safety and risk balance mechanism and the comprehensiveness of emergency management measures need to be further improved.
Conclusion
On the basis of maintaining its own institutional advantages, China should learn from foreign experience to further optimize the registration and review system of emergency medical devices, so as to improve the ability of response and implementation of China in public health emergencies.
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Sepahvand, Elham, Hamidreza Khankeh, Mohammadali Hosseini i Behnam Akhbari. "Wrong Belief of Emergency Delay: A Qualitative Content Analysis in Iranian Context". Health in Emergencies & Disasters Quarterly 5, nr 4 (1.07.2020): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hdq.5.4.209.2.
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Background: During traffic accidents, professional staff provide care to the patient at the scene of the accident and then transport the victim to the hospital by ambulance. But sometimes this transition is carried out by relatives and laypeople. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting people’s involvement and transmission of the victims of the traffic accident. Materials and Methods: This study was done with a qualitative content analysis method in 2018. The study participants were 16 people. In this study, a purposeful sampling method with maximum diversity was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data using guiding questions. To observe the research ethics, the researcher, after obtaining permission from the University Ethics Committee, conducted interviews (IR.USWR.REC.1395.399). Results: In total, 15 spinal cord injury victims and their relatives or laypeople and medical emergency technicians were interviewed. The class of wrong belief of delay was the main class in all interviews. Concepts such as past experiences, the pressure time, the lack of emergency time, cultural beliefs, and the tension explaining the wrong belief concept. Conclusion: Wrong belief of delay was a concept that was extracted from the present study. It is recommended that the scene of the accident be examined in-depth and how to create a spinal cord injury in the injured with a grounded theory approach.
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Yu, Lei. "A Review of Emergency Medical Rescue Network Optimization Problems". Academic Journal of Science and Technology 4, nr 3 (8.02.2023): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v4i3.4918.
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This paper mainly reviews the research on the optimization of emergency medical treatment network, which mainly includes the location of emergency medical facilities and the transportation of the wounded, as well as the integration of the two, and finds that although many scholars have paid attention to the research of related issues, they mainly focus on the optimization of emergency medical treatment network in the context of major natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons, and there are few related studies on the optimization of emergency medical treatment network under infectious health emergencies.
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Wang, Mingyu, Shizhong Lian i Yibo Wu. "Overview of Emergency Management and Disaster Medicine in the Context of COVID-19". Journal of Emergency Management and Disaster Communications 01, nr 01 (październik 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2689980920400059.
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Human production, scientific research and economic activities interact with the natural environment. The industrial revolution promotes the development of human social productivity, but at the same time, it also affects and destroys the living environment. The emergence of catastrophic accidents, the leakage of a large number of harmful substances, and the explosive spread of disease outbreaks have brought many new medical problems. In recent decades, natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods have occurred frequently, man-made disasters such as terrorist attacks and nuclear leakage, and public health emergencies such as SARS and COVID-19 have directly threatened the survival and development of mankind. This paper reviews the background, definition, content, and development of emergency management and disaster medicine, and illustrates the significance of emergency management, disaster medicine, and health communication for social security and stability in the context of the community with a shared future for mankind, based on China’s experience in fighting SARS and COVID-19.
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Foster, Crawford R. M. "Emergency preparedness: Ionising radiation incidents and medical management". BMJ Military Health 166, nr 1 (6.07.2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-000958.
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Military personnel risk being exposed to ionising radiation through a variety of means, including industrial accidents with Ministry of Defence equipment, inadvertent exposure while on operations, terrorist activities and nuclear war. The aim of this review is to outline the possible acute health effects and immediate management of radiation casualties in the context of different exposure scenarios. It emphasises the most important principles for managing irradiated, and/or contaminated casualties, in the operational environment, as well as providing details of key references and other sources of reach-back support.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Emergency Medical Context"
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Deverell, Sally. "The relationship between personality and coping in a pre-employment emergency service organisation context /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18871.pdf.
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Bunch, Jacinda Lea. "Rapid response systems : evaluation of program context, mechanism, and outcome factors". Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1558.
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Prevention of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality as both the rates of return to pre-hospital functional status and overall survival after IHCAs are low. Early identification of patients at risk and prompt clinical intervention are vital patient safety strategies to reduce IHCA. One widespread strategy is the Rapid Response System (RRS), which incorporates early risk identification, expert consultation, and key clinical interventions to bedside nurses caring for patients in clinical deterioration. However, evidence of RRS effectiveness has been equivocal in the patient safety literature.
This study utilized a holistic Realistic Evaluation (RE) framework to identify important clinical environment (context) and system triggers (mechanisms) to refine our understanding of an RRS to improve local patient emoutcomesem and develop a foundation for building the next level of evidence within RE research. The specific aims of the study are to describe a RRS through context, mechanism, and outcome variables; explore differences in RRS outcomes between medical and surgical settings, and identify relationships between RRS context and mechanism variables for patient outcomes.
Study RRS data was collected retrospectively from a 397-bed community hospital in the Midwest; including all adult inpatient RRS events from May 2006 (2 weeks post-RRS implementation) through November 2013. RRS events were analyzed through descriptive, comparative, and proportional odds (ordinal) logistic regression analyses.
The study found the majority of adult inpatient RRS events occurred in medical settings and most were activated by staff nurses. Significant differences were noted between RRS events in medical and surgical settings; including patient status changes in the preceding 12 hours, event trigger patterns, and immediate clinical outcomes. Finally, proportional odds logistic regression revealed significant relationships between context and mechanism factors with changes in the risk of increased clinical severity immediately following at RRS event. RE was utilized to structure a preliminary study to explore the complex variables and relationships surrounding RRSs and patient outcomes. Further exploration of settings, changes in clinical status, staffing and resource access, and the ways nurses use RRSs is necessary to promote the early identification of vulnerable patients and strengthen hospital patient safety strategies.
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Leduc, Nathaniel. "Understanding Collaboration in the Context of Loosely- and Tightly-Coupled Complex Adaptive Systems". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37087.
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Many of the technological and social systems our society has come to depend on can be classified as complex adaptive systems (CAS). These systems are made of many individual parts that self-organize to respond and adapt to changing outside and inside influences affecting the system and its actors. These CAS can be placed on a spectrum ranging from loosely- to tightly-coupled, depending on the degree of interrelatedness and interdependence between system components. This research has explored how the process of collaboration occurs in both a loosely- and tightly-coupled setting using one exemplar of each system. The loosely-coupled exemplar related to disaster risk reduction in two Canadian communities while the tightly-coupled one involved the implementation of a surgical information management system in a Canadian hospital. A list of core elements of collaboration that should be considered essential to the success of all collaborative endeavours was developed as a result: Engagement, Communication, Leadership, Role Clarity, Awareness, Time, and Technical Skills and Knowledge. Based on observing how the core elements of collaboration interacted with one another within each of these example systems, two models were created to represent their relationships. A list of considerations that collaborative tool designers should consider was also developed and the implications of these considerations were discussed. As businesses and other organizations increasingly incorporate team-based work models, they will come to depend more heavily on technology-based solutions to support collaboration. By incorporating collaborative technologies that properly support the activity of these teams—based on the specific type of complex adaptive system in which their organization exists—organizations can avoid wasting time and resources developing tools that hinder collaboration.
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Deschamps-Berger, Théo. "Social Emotion Recognition with multimodal deep learning architecture in emergency call centers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG036.
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Cette thèse porte sur les systèmes de reconnaissance automatique des émotions dans la parole, dans un contexte d'urgence médicale. Elle aborde certains des défis rencontrés lors de l'étude des émotions dans les interactions sociales et est ancrée dans les théories modernes des émotions, en particulier celles de Lisa Feldman Barrett sur la construction des émotions. En effet, la manifestation des émotions spontanées dans les interactions humaines est complexe et souvent caractérisée par des nuances, des mélanges et étroitement liée au contexte. Cette étude est fondée sur le corpus CEMO, composé de conversations téléphoniques entre appelants et Agents de Régulation Médicale (ARM) d'un centre d'appels d'urgence français. Ce corpus fournit un ensemble riche de données pour évaluer la capacité des systèmes d'apprentissage profond, tels que les Transformers et les modèles pré-entraînés, à reconnaître les émotions spontanées dans les interactions parlées. Les applications pourraient être de fournir des indices émotionnels susceptibles d'améliorer la gestion des appels et la prise de décision des ARM ou encore de faire des synthèses des appels. Les travaux menés dans ma thèse ont porté sur différentes techniques liées à la reconnaissance des émotions vocales, notamment l'apprentissage par transfert à partir de modèles pré-entraînés, les stratégies de fusion multimodale, l'intégration du contexte dialogique et la détection d'émotions mélangées. Un système acoustique initial basé sur des convolutions temporelles et des réseaux récurrents a été développé et validé sur un corpus émotionnel connu de la communauté affective, appelé IEMOCAP puis sur le corpus CEMO. Des recherches approfondies sur des systèmes multimodaux, pré-entraînés en acoustique et linguistique et adaptés à la reconnaissance des émotions, sont présentées. En outre, l'intégration du contexte dialogique dans la détection des émotions a été explorée, mettant en lumière la dynamique complexe des émotions dans les interactions sociales. Enfin, des travaux ont été initiés sur des systèmes multi-étiquettes multimodaux capables de traiter les subtilités des émotions mélangées dues à l'ambiguïté de la perception des annotateurs et du contexte social. Nos recherches mettent en évidence certaines solutions et défis liés à la reconnaissance des émotions dans des situations "in the wild". Cette thèse est financée par la Chaire CNRS AI HUMAAINE : HUman-MAchine Interaction Affective & EthiqueThis thesis explores automatic speech-emotion recognition systems in a medical emergency context. It addresses some of the challenges encountered when studying emotions in social interactions. It is rooted in modern theories of emotions, particularly those of Lisa Feldman Barrett on the construction of emotions. Indeed, the manifestation of emotions in human interactions is complex and often characterized by nuanced, mixed, and is highly linked to the context. This study is based on the CEMO corpus, which is composed of telephone conversations between callers and emergency medical dispatchers (EMD) from a French emergency call center. This corpus provides a rich dataset to explore the capacity of deep learning systems, such as Transformers and pre-trained models, to recognize spontaneous emotions in spoken interactions. The applications could be to provide emotional cues that could improve call handling and decision-making by EMD, or to summarize calls. The work carried out in my thesis focused on different techniques related to speech emotion recognition, including transfer learning from pre-trained models, multimodal fusion strategies, dialogic context integration, and mixed emotion detection. An initial acoustic system based on temporal convolutions and recurrent networks was developed and validated on an emotional corpus widely used by the affective community, called IEMOCAP, and then on the CEMO corpus. Extensive research on multimodal systems, pre-trained in acoustics and linguistics and adapted to emotion recognition, is presented. In addition, the integration of dialog context in emotion recognition was explored, underlining the complex dynamics of emotions in social interactions. Finally, research has been initiated towards developing multi-label, multimodal systems capable of handling the subtleties of mixed emotions, often due to the annotator's perception and social context. Our research highlights some solutions and challenges in recognizing emotions in the wild. The CNRS AI HUMAAINE Chair: HUman-MAchine Affective Interaction & Ethics funded this thesis
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Paschal, Beverly J. "16PF® Traits as Predictors of Emergency Medical Service Worker Tenure". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2226.
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The United States is experiencing a severe shortage of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) paramedics. The job outlook for paramedics (EMT-P) for the years 2012-2022 is predicted to increase by 23%-33%, which is much faster than the 4% average increase of other first-response professions. The average tenure of paramedics is less than 4 years. There is a significant gap in the literature concerning paramedic personality traits and tenure. The primary objective of the current study is to provide empirical data on the personality traits possessed by long-term paramedics (5+ years), and compare them to those with shorter tenure (< 5 years). Using Allport's Trait Theory, I predicted that personality would affect paramedic longevity. The 6 personality traits tested were warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, liveliness, social boldness and openness to change. A socio-demographic questionnaire, determined the length of their EMS career, while the 16PF® Assessment, tested their personality traits. Using t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and a set of regression analyses, data were examined to determine if length of career and personality traits predicted paramedic tenure. The research sample consisted of long term paramedics and former paramedics. The results showed that of the 6 personality traits, only warmth was a significant predictor of paramedic tenure. A logistic regression showed for every additional point in warmth, the odds of leaving EMS prior to 5 years increased by a factor of 2.77. This study provides support for positive social change by helping EMS to learn how to increase recruitment and tenure. It also helps by advising EMS agencies to attend to the mental and emotional health of their paramedics by being aware of the level of their warmth personality trait.
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Jernigan, Ursula Renee. "Development and Content Validation of an Emergency Department EHR Safety Educational Program". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2292.
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Emergency Department (ED) providers and staff experience challenges with using electronic health record (EHR) software to document and communicate about patient care. These difficulties are often caused by inadequate training in the use of the organization's EHR system. Challenges with EHR use have been linked to increased ED patient wait times, which impacts patient safety by delaying care and increasing the potential for medication errors. Providing education that addresses EHR software; EHR usability; and collaboration among staff, providers, and EHR system managers has been shown to reduce ED wait times and decrease the risk of medication errors. The purpose of this project was to evaluate a new ED Safety EHR educational module and to identify provider and staff difficulties when operating ED EHR software. The goal of this project was to provide relevant education to ED providers and staff, which could minimize the impact of EHR use on patient safety in the emergency setting. Relational coordination theory and Kolcaba's theory of comfort framed this project. Five local ED staff and providers considered experts in EHR software utilization were chosen to review and validate the content of the educational module using a ten question, 4-point Likert scale survey. All five experts agreed that the content of the ED Safety EHR educational module was easy to read, comprehensible, and relevant. One noted area of weakness involved the technical language used in the educational module. Participants requested language simplification prior to implementation. This project promotes social change by addressing the need for ED EHR education as a strategy to reduce ED patient wait times and minimize the risk of medication errors in the emergency setting.
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Andersson, Henrik. "Medikaliserat och resultatstyrt vårdarbete på akutmottagning : en studie med utgångspunkt i medarbetares och chefers perspektiv". Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3710.
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The overall aim of this thesis is to obtain an understanding of Emergency Healthcare Work (EHW) at the Emergency Department (ED), including the competencies required by EHW, and based on practitioners' and managers' perspectives. Methods: In study I, a quantitative method was employed. A questionnaire was sent to all Swedish EDs and data was analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. In studies II- IV, qualitative methods were used. In study II, participant observations and individual and group interviews were conducted. In studies III-IV individual and group interviews were conducted. In studies II-IV, data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: According to head nurses, basic nursing education does not lead to sufficient competence for working at an ED and thus supplementary formal education is needed. A minority of head nurses perceive that they are completely responsible for creating preconditions for competence development (study I). The EHW is characterized by rapid, brief and standardized encounters with limited scope for providing individualized care. Practitioners strive to be adaptable by structuring EHW and they cooperate to achieve a good workflow (study II). Management is characterized by a command and control approach. Managers experience EHW as lifesaving work and they experience difficulties in meeting the expectations of their staff (study III). There is also tension between professional groups in EDs as well as hierarchical boundaries that influence the possibilities to develop competencies in EHW. The focus on competence in EHW is on account of the emergency and lifesaving nature of its actions. Purely medical competencies are valued and caring competencies are subsequently downgraded. A medical competence approach consolidates the current view of competencies necessary in everyday work in EDs (study IV). Conclusions: EHW and the competencies required by EHW are defined from a purely medicalized and result-driven viewpoint. Patients' medical needs are given greater importance than their caring needs. Medicalized and result-driven EHW makes it difficult to provide individualized care. This difficulty is a hindrance to the implementation of a holistic view in EHW.Akademisk avhandling som för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen vid Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet kommer att offentligt försvaras Fredagen den 12 december, kl. 09.00 i hörsalen 2119 Institutionen för vårdvetenskap och hälsa, Arvid Wallgens Backe, Hus 2, Göteborg
I. Andersson, H. & Nilsson, K. (2009). Questioning Nursing Competences in Emergency Health Care. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 35, 305-311. II. Andersson, H., Jakobsson, E., Furåker, C. & Nilsson, K. (2012). The everyday work at a Swedish emergency department - The practitioners' perspective. International Emergency Nursing. 20, 58-68. III. Andersson, H., Wireklint Sundström, B., Nilsson, K. & Jakobsson Ung, E. (2014). Management of everyday work in Emergency Departments – An exploratory study with Swedish Manager. International Emergency Nursing. 22, 190-196. IV. Andersson, H., Wireklint Sundström, B., Nilsson, K. & Jakobsson Ung, E. (2014). Competencies in Swedish emergency departments - The practitioners' and managers' perspective. International Emergency Nursing. 22, 81-87.
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Roshage, Jonas. "Ambulanssjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att vårda patient med psykisk störning : En kvalitativ studie". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175060.
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Psykiska störningar är tillstånd som kan drabba alla oss människor. Krav om kompetens på hälso- och sjukvården har ställts för att kunna erbjuda patienter med psykisk störning ett effektivt omhändertagande. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att beskriva ambulanssjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med psykiska störningar. Metoden är av deskriptiv kvalitativ design och semi-strukturerade intervjuer utgör grunden för den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen med manifest utgångspunkt som genomförts. Resultatet omfattar tre huvudkategorier såsom följer, ’svåra möten skapar rädsla och frustration och försvårar interaktion’, ’svårt bedöma tillstånd och lämpliga åtgärder’ och ’vård byggd med autonomi, erfarenhet och uppfinningsrikedom’. Slutsatsen är att interaktionen mellan patienter och sjuksköterskor byggs av omvårdnadsevidens, att det i sjuksköterskornas bedömningar av tillstånd saknas evidens och att den vård som oftast ges strävas att utgöras av evidensbaserad vård men att det saknas direkta sätt att komma i kontakt med en sådan specialistsjukvård. Det har därmed visats att det finns områden att förbättra och utveckla för att kunna erbjuda patienter med psykisk störning ett effektivt omhändertagande.Psychiatric disorders are conditions which may afflict every one of us humans. Requirements of competence have been set for the healthcare service to be able to offer an effective emergency care to patients with psychiatric disorder. The aim is to describe the ambulance nurse’s experience by caring for patients with psychiatric disorders. The method is of a descriptive qualitative design and semi-structured interviews constitute the material for the qualitative content analysis, which has been carried out with a manifest basis. The result consist of three main categories as follows, ‘difficult encounters create fear and frustration and complicates interaction’, ‘difficult assessing conditions and appropriate measurements’ and ‘care build with autonomy, experience and inventiveness’. The conclusion is how the interaction between patients and nurses is built by evidence-based nursing, how it is in nurses’ assessments of conditions to be a lack of evidence and how the care most often provided is being strived to constitute of evidence-based healthcare while how it is lacking direct ways to come in contact with such a specialised healthcare. Thus has it been shown that it exist areas for amelioration and evolvement to be able to offer an effective emergency care for patients with a psychiatric disorder.
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Andersson, Anna Stina, i Strömgren Bodil Sjöblom. "Specialistsjuksköterskors upplevelser av omhändertagandet av traumatiserade barn". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13184.
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Varje år traumatiseras 200 000 barn och trauma anses vara den vanligaste orsaken till att barn söker sjukvård i Sverige. Sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvården träffar dessa barn i sitt arbete, men de procedurer och rutiner som finns för omhändertagande av vuxna anses inte direkt vara applicerbara på barn. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur specialistsjuksköterskor upplever omhändertagandet av traumatiserade barn. En kvalitativ studie med individuella intervjuer (n=9) genomfördes och analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: upplevelsen av kunskapsbrist, upplevelsen av svårigheter i samband med omhändertagandet, upplevelsen av behovet av god omvårdnadskunskap och upplevelsen av skillnader i gällande rutiner. I resultatet framkom att alla intervjuade specialistsjuksköterskor upplever kunskapsbrist och har ett stort behov av att öka sina kunskaper om barn och barntrauma. Det skulle öka deras upplevelse av trygghet i yrkesrollen som specialistsjuksköterskor avsevärt.The most common reason for children to be seek in-hospital care in Sweden is trauma and every year more than 200000 children is traumatized. Nurses meet these children in their work but the procedures used to care for traumatized adults are not transferable to children. The aim of this study was to illuminate how special educated nurses experience the caring for traumatized children. A qualitative design with one-to-one interviews (n=9) was used to collect data. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The analysis ended up in four categories; the experience of lacking knowledge, the experience of difficulties in the care, the experience of the need of good nursing skills and the experience of differences in the routines in use. The findings show that all the interviewed nurses experience a need to increase their knowledge concerning the care for traumatized children. Increased skills and knowledge in this matter would raise their feelings of being secure in their professional role.
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Aneblom, Gunilla. "The Emergency Contraceptive Pill – a Second Chance : Knowledge, Attitudes and Experiences Among Users and Providers". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3487.
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The overall aim of this thesis was to study knowledge, attitudes and experience of emergency contraceptive pills among women and providers.
Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Focus-group interviews were conducted with teenage-girls (I) and with women who had purchased ECP without prescription (IV). Self-administered waiting-room questionnaires were administered to women presenting for induced abortion in three large hospitals (II, III), and after the deregulation of ECP, a postal questionnaire was sent to pharmacy staff and nurse-midwives in three counties in mid-Sweden (V).
Overall, women showed high basic awareness of ECP although specific knowledge such as the level of effectiveness, time-frames and how the method works was lacking. Approval of the method was high and most women were positive to use the method if they needed. Contradictory views as to whether ECP undermines contraceptive behavior were expressed. As many as 43% of women requesting induced abortion had a history of one or more previous abortions. Among the abortion applicants, one out of five, 22%, had previously used ECP and 3% had used it to prevent the current pregnancy. Media and friends were the two most common sources of information on ECP. Half of the women, 52%, were positive to having ECP prescription-free. Those women who had purchased ECP in a pharmacy without prescription, appreciated this possibility, and the major benefits expressed were time saving aspects. No severe side-effects were reported. The women's experiences of interaction with pharmacy staff were both positive and negative. The importance of up-to-date information about ECP and the OTC-availability from the health care providers was emphasized. Both pharmacy staff and nurse-midwives had positive attitudes towards ECP and the OTC availability. Of pharmacy staff, 38% reported that they referred women to nurse-midwives/gynecologists for further counseling and follow-ups. The need for increased communication and collaboration between pharmacies and local family planning clinics was reported by both study groups with suggestions of regular meetings for information and discussions.
The results suggest that ECP is still underused and that more factual information is needed before the method is becoming a known, accepted and integrated back-up method to the existing family planning repertoire. Longitudinal research to assess the long-term effects of ECP is needed.
Książki na temat "Emergency Medical Context"
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United States. Office of Emergency Preparedness. Developing objectives, content, and competencies for the training of emergency medical technicians, emergency physicians, and emergency nurses to care for casualties resulting from nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) incidents: Final report. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office of Emergency Preparedness ; American College of Emergency Physicians, 2001.
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Chan, Zenobia C. Y. Crisis management in Chinese contexts. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Ng, Kia, Atta Badii i Pierfrancesco Bellini, red. Axmedis 2006. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-channel Distribution. Volume for Workshops, Tutorials, Applications and Industrial (Leeds, UK, 13-15 December 2006). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-525-5.
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The AxMEDIS 2006 International Conference seeks to promote discussion and exchange of ideas amongst researchers, practitioners, developers and users of tools, technology transfer experts, and project managers. This conference series brings together a variety of participants from the academic, business and industrial worlds, to address the emergent research and technological issues as well as the engineering and commercial challenges of large-scale collaborative production and distribution of media as experienced by the associated industrial sectors in the emergent media markets. The conference focuses on the outstanding problems to be resolved in the new age of media computing including cross-domain production, protection, representation, formatting, aggregation, workflow, distribution and business and transaction models i.e. all lifecycle aspects of the new media value chain management. Additionally it explores the integration of new forms of content, content management systems and distribution chains, with particular emphasis on cost structures re-engineering to support the reduction of costs and the integration of innovative solutions to facilitate complex creative collaboration in cross-domain media production with benefit realisation to all stakeholders through optimised rights-protective multichannel distribution.
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Nesi, Paolo, Jaime Delgado i Kia Ng, red. AXMEDIS 2008. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-811-6.
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The AXMEDIS International Conference series aims to explore all subjects and topics related to cross-media and digital-media content production, processing, management, standards, representation, sharing, protection and rights management, to address the latest developments and future trends of the technologies and their applications, impacts and exploitation. The AXMEDIS events offer venues for exchanging concepts, requirements, prototypes, research ideas, and findings which could contribute to academic research and also benefit business and industrial communities. In the Internet as well as in the digital era, cross-media production and distribution represent key developments and innovations that are fostered by emergent technologies to ensure better value for money while optimising productivity and market coverage.
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Chernyavskiy, Aleksandr. The genesis of the emergence and development of the theory of separation of powers until the end of the XIX century: the place of teaching in the science of state law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1891876.
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The monograph is devoted to the most significant, and at the same time controversial issue in the field of the theory of state law, namely, the theory of separation of powers. It presents, if possible, the full literary development of this issue in the XVII-XIX centuries. The importance of such an analysis is explained by the fact that every theory itself is the result of the circumstances preceding it and is connected with the events accompanying it. More than ever, the question now arises of how the internal content and application of this theory are filled in a particular state, whether the forms and ideas developed by the history and science of Western states are suitable for our Fatherland.
The author proves that the doctrine of the separation of powers was not a momentary matter, was not caused by instantaneous political circumstances; connected with contemporary events, it was also the result of past ones. In addition, it would be unfair to other thinkers and an elevation beyond the measure of Montesquieu's merits to assert that everything was new in his teaching, since we know that writers, both ancient and medieval, and later, but before Montesquieu, expressed the idea of the separation of powers and even with some detail. Without a doubt, the separation of powers is a means for the better administration of State activity, so that it indicates the best way to achieve state goals, but at the same time it does not follow only from this basis, but follows from the content of state activity itself. At the same time, the question is raised and considered, of course, from the position of scientists of the period under consideration: can the separation of powers exist with their unity?
For students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools and faculties.
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Nagayama, Kaoru. Erotic Comics in Japan. Tłumaczy Patrick Galbraith i Jessica Bauwens-Sugimoto. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727129.
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Comics and cartoons from Japan, or manga and anime, are an increasingly common feature of visual and popular culture around the world. While it is often observed that these media forms appeal to broad and diverse demographics, including many adults, eroticism continues to unsettle critics and has even triggered legal action in some jurisdictions. It is more urgent than ever to engage in productive discussion, which begins with being informed about content that is still scarcely understood outside small industry and fan circles. Erotic Comics in Japan: An Introduction to Eromanga is the most comprehensive introduction in English to erotic comics in Japan, or eromanga. Divided into three parts, it provides a history of eroticism in Japanese comics and cartoons generally leading to the emergence of eromanga specifically, an overview of seven themes running across works with close analysis of outstanding examples and a window onto ongoing debates surrounding regulation and freedom of expression in Japan.
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Medical Emergency Information Log Book: Important Doctor Information Contact Log Book. Fast and Easy Medical Emergency Access. Independently Published, 2021.
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American College of Surgeons Staff. Advanced Trauma Life Support : 1988 ATLS Core Content. American College of surgeons, 1990.
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Martin-Cua, Sarah. The Emergency Crash Cart (DRAFT). Redaktorzy Raghavan Murugan i Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0028.
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The emergency crash cart is one of the most important tools at the rapid response team’s (RRTs) disposal in a crisis situation. The crash cart contains a variety of items that are often necessary in a medical emergency. Careful consideration of contents and placement are necessary to ensure that the RRT has easy access to the crash cart. In order to ensure a standard of safety among all crash carts, various methods are used to monitor and maintain the crash carts. This chapter discusses the planning, procedures, and processes used to maintain the emergency crash cart ready for medical emergencies.crash cart, emergency equipment, defibrillator, emergency medication, rapid response team (RRT), strategic planning
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Chadwick, Andrew. The Contemporary Contexts of Hybridity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696726.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 builds upon the themes of chapter 2 but goes beyond it to establish the contemporary context for the analyses of political communication that follow in chapters 4 to 9. This chapter sets the scene for these more detailed illustrations of the hybrid media system in Britain and the United States by focusing on the changing nature of audiences, shifting patterns of media use, the salient structural characteristics of broadcasting, newspaper, and online media, and the emergence of new hybrid forms of mediality.
Części książek na temat "Emergency Medical Context"
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Burstein, Frada, Pari Delir Haghighi i Arkady Zaslavsky. "Context-Aware Mobile Medical Emergency Management Decision Support System for Safe Transportation". W Decision Support, 163–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6181-5_9.
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Greco, Dirceu. "5 Health Emergency Research amid Global Inequities: Some Considerations for Researchers". W Principles and Practice of Emergency Research Response, 109–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48408-7_7.
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AbstractEven under the pressure of a worldwide pandemic, urgent international medical research must be ethically planned and conducted, particularly in lower-income countries, to avoid the appearance or the reality of exploitation. Over the past few decades, a number of international research ethic codes have been developed to protect the rights of individual research participants—sometimes even to the point of guaranteeing them access to the fruits of the research years after the trial in which they took part has ended. Among these are the Declaration of Helsinki, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, and the frequently updated ethics guidelines by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). However, these codes, and often the research institutions that comply with them, miss a crucial point. They do not come to grips with the broader societal context in which emergency research on emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases is carried out. The Ebola outbreak in 2014–2016 and the COVID-19 pandemic that exploded in 2020 revealed deep disparities between wealthy and lower-income countries in health, medical care, and the social and economic conditions that lay at the heart of their impoverishment. World Health Organization (WHO) Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus declared that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has hit the poorest countries in the world hardest and “instead of solidarity, the pandemic has been marred by inequity.” The international health, research, and ethics communities—and their home countries—must work together to correct these inequities.
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Power, Robert, Bella Robinson i Catherine Wise. "Using Crowd Sourced Content to Help Manage Emergency Events". W Social Media for Government Services, 247–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27237-5_12.
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Kojan, Richard. "40.1 In Practice: Improving Patient Care in the Field: The CUBE Isolation Unit". W Principles and Practice of Emergency Research Response, 1049–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48408-7_61.
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AbstractThe CUBE (Chambre d’UrgenceBiosécurisée pourEpidémies, or emergency biosecurity chamber for epidemics) is an innovative, field-deployable shelter and isolation system for treating patients with dangerous infectious diseases. After the experience of working in cumbersome personal protective equipment (PPE) in tropical heat in the old Ebola treatment unit design, allowing caregivers to interact with patients for only 20 minutes at a stretch, the Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA) convened a working group to devise a better way to care for patients with Ebola and other highly transmissible, dangerous diseases. The result was the CUBE, a smaller containment structure for each patient, with transparent plastic walls, built-in ports resembling full-body gloves and airlock door and window portals. The CUBE allows for face-to-face contact between patients and their relatives as well as caregivers, without the need for PPE except when the caregiver needs direct contact with the patient.
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Smith, Maxwell J. "4 Ethics of Pandemic Research". W Principles and Practice of Emergency Research Response, 73–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48408-7_4.
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AbstractResearch conducted during infectious disease outbreaks or pandemics can be crucial to control or ameliorate their consequences, but scientists are confronted with significant ethical questions about how to conduct research in such contexts. This chapter examines foundational ethical questions and considerations undergirding the research enterprise in pandemic contexts, including whether pandemics necessitate deviations from ethical and scientific standards for research, how research priorities are and ought to be set during pandemics, the ethics of conducting research alongside pandemic response efforts, and how pandemic research ought to be governed and coordinated. Scientists may have only a brief interval to understand the disease and develop medical countermeasures, and social pressures to produce fast results may seem overwhelming. Despite these challenges, this does not justify relaxing fundamental ethical or scientific standards, although there is scope for accelerating procedural requirements. Even during a pandemic, provision of most biomedical research funding by high-resource countries can influence the directions and results of research, leading to interventions that are more applicable in resource-rich than in resource-poor countries. The World Health Organization and other institutions are trying to correct or at least reduce these discrepancies. Biomedical research and health care response to a pandemic need not be rivals for funding support. The 2014 Ebola and 2019 COVID-19 experiences have demonstrated that the two can work synergistically. Both medical care and research responses are integral to our defenses against emerging or re-emerging infectious disease. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has made clear the need for changes in global architecture for pandemic response. The scientific and organizational adaptations required must be guided by ethical principles, such as the need to reduce the glaring inequities between high-income and low-income settings across the world as well as within countries. Preparing for the next pandemic will require a blueprint to accelerate the organization, coordination, and conduct of critical research and development.
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Peromingo, Juan Pedro Rica. "Academic Training in Media Accessibility in Audiovisual Translation at a University Level: The Case of the Spanish University System". W Transforming Media Accessibility in Europe, 359–76. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60049-4_20.
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AbstractIn today’s digital era, media accessibility has emerged as a critical element for ensuring inclusivity in content creation and distribution. With the growing demand for accessible media, academic and professional approaches to training have become instrumental in bridging the gap between content creators and the diverse audience they aim to reach. Academic institutions play a pivotal role in fostering a deeper understanding of media accessibility (MA). Educational programs provide foundational knowledge and critical insights into various aspects of accessibility standards and practices. With the emergence of media accessibility services within the mass media (subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing, SDH, and audio description for the blind and partially sighted, AD, basically), the need for training professionals in these areas has arisen. MA has traditionally been regarded as a subfield in audiovisual translation (AVT) that is focused on audiences with sensory disabilities, mostly persons with a hearing or a visual impairment (Romero Fresco in Accessible filmmaking: Integrating translation and accessibility into the filmmaking process. Routledge, 2019). MA may be seen to include AVT and to be just as close to Translation Studies as it is to Film Studies or to the broader area of Accessibility Studies (Greco in Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 1(1): 205–232, 2018). This paper will provide answers to how academic training is carried out, what required skills and competencies, together with curriculum design, methodological approaches, training materials, and assessment are needed, how AVT training at a university level is, using the Spanish context and the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) as an example. Finally, information about those research projects nowadays which investigate media accessibility training used by instructors as reference for their teaching contexts will be included.
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Keusch, Gerald T., i Keith McAdam. "2 Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases: An Overview". W Principles and Practice of Emergency Research Response, 9–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48408-7_2.
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AbstractThis chapter offers a historical introduction and perspective for many of the subjects explored in detail in further chapters of the book. Efforts to discover which medical treatments are safe and effective and which are not date back many centuries. But it has only been 75 years since the current scientifically and ethically sound clinical research gold standard, the randomly controlled, double-blind clinical trial, was widely adopted, representing the maturation of biostatistically based trial design and the development of modern concepts of medical ethics. We are now on the cusp of another revolution as new circumstances highlight the need for innovative, adaptive research models. For example, the need to design and implement clinical trials quickly during an infectious disease outbreak is now an accepted element of response, even—or especially—in countries with limited health resources and research capacity.The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa clearly demonstrated a new set of constraints and the need to initiate research both swiftly and safely. Innovative trial designs such as multi-arm, adaptive trials offer great advantages in certain contexts, but require more sophisticated statistical analysis and currently are more difficult for communities and even review boards to understand. The need for community inclusion in clinical trial implementation is now universally recognized, but how to accomplish it, and the degree to which researchers are committed to it, remains a work in progress. The fundamental ethical and scientific principles of clinical research may seem well established but continue to challenge research study design and the agencies that provide funding for large clinical trials. The combined impacts of innovations in technology and trial design, the need to carry out research on an expedited basis when novel pathogens arise, and the flowering of misinformation in the current media environment make emergency research not only essential, but an exciting and challenging field as well.
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Jiménez, Gabriel, i Daniel Racoceanu. "Computational Pathology for Brain Disorders". W Machine Learning for Brain Disorders, 533–72. New York, NY: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3195-9_18.
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AbstractNoninvasive brain imaging techniques allow understanding the behavior and macro changes in the brain to determine the progress of a disease. However, computational pathology provides a deeper understanding of brain disorders at cellular level, able to consolidate a diagnosis and make the bridge between the medical image and the omics analysis. In traditional histopathology, histology slides are visually inspected, under the microscope, by trained pathologists. This process is time-consuming and labor-intensive; therefore, the emergence of computational pathology has triggered great hope to ease this tedious task and make it more robust. This chapter focuses on understanding the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques used to analyze whole slide images within the context of brain disorders. We present a selective set of remarkable machine learning algorithms providing discriminative approaches and quality results on brain disorders. These methodologies are applied to different tasks, such as monitoring mechanisms contributing to disease progression and patient survival rates, analyzing morphological phenotypes for classification and quantitative assessment of disease, improving clinical care, diagnosing tumor specimens, and intraoperative interpretation. Thanks to the recent progress in machine learning algorithms for high-content image processing, computational pathology marks the rise of a new generation of medical discoveries and clinical protocols, including in brain disorders.
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Bigotti, Fabrizio. "‘Gears of an Inner Clock’: Santorio’s Theory of Matter and Its Applications". W Santorio Santori and the Emergence of Quantified Medicine, 1614-1790, 65–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79587-0_2.
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AbstractThis chapter provides the first detailed analysis of Santorio’s theory of matter by looking at its sources, context, development and applications in medical diagnosis, natural philosophy and technology. In the first part, I discuss some problems posed by Santorio’s texts and style of writing, the intellectual background of the theory of matter Santorio proposed and some chronology for its development. In the second, I deal specifically with the architecture of the theory, gathering evidence and instances of it across Santorio’s published and unpublished output. Finally, in the third part, I analyse the various applications the theory was susceptible of, both in medicine and in natural philosophy, and show how Santorio’s programme of quantification was the outcome of a long-running endeavour that eventually culminated in a new vision of medicine and its possibilities.
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Sobral, Ana Paula Barbosa, Aline Rangel de Oliveira, Adalberto da Cruz Lima, Guilherme dos Santos Silva i Patrick Fernandes Ribeiro da Fonseca. "Indicators for Emergency and Urgent Medical Services". W Cases on Lean Thinking Applications in Unconventional Systems, 86–96. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5185-4.ch005.
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The objective of this work is to carry out a literature review on indicators for emergency and urgent healthcare units aimed to identify the main measures within the context of healthcare services. A search was conducted on the Scopus and PubMed databases using two strategies aimed to conduct research on studies about indicators for emergency and urgent healthcare units. This work allowed identifying the main indicators used in the context of emergency and urgent medical services, which are length of stay, left without being seen, national emergency department overcrowding scale, among others. In addition, it was found that such indicators provide suitable and viable means to assess, review, and display the quality of health systems. It was found in some studies that the use of indicators is used only as a measure whose value is monitored by systems, but it does not lead managers to an action plan.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Emergency Medical Context"
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Taylor, Amanda, i Richard DeWeese. "Historical Overview of the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute's Biodynamics Facility". W Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–11. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12091.
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This is a general summary of over fifty years of crashworthiness programs previously conducted, currently ongoing, and proposed for future accomplishment at the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Civil Aerospace Medical Institute's (CAMI) Biodynamics Research Laboratory. The research facility focuses on occupant impact protection technology, which includes the seating system, supporting floor structures, restraint systems, and cabin interior components that an occupant might physically contact during an emergency landing.
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"CONTEXT-AWARE SECURITY IN CLOUD EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES". W International Conference on Health Informatics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003106001210130.
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Malonoha, Svitlana. "DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEM: SHORT REVIEW". W PUBLIC COMMUNICATION IN SCIENCE: PHILOSOPHICAL, CULTURAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND IT CONTEXT. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/15.05.2020.v2.06.
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Opitz, Stefanie Judith, Nicole Todtenberg i Hartmut König. "Mobile bandwidth prediction in the context of emergency medical service". W the 7th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2674396.2674411.
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Kumar, Bimal Aklesh. "Context aware service selection and its application to medical emergency". W 2015 1st International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ngct.2015.7375213.
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Morales Casas, Adrian, Amparo López Vicente, Lorenzo Solano-garcía i Jose Laparra. "From Concept to Context: Evaluating Medical Device Usability Where It Matters Most". W 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005065.
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The usability validation process of medical devices outside controlled environments such as test facilities, laboratories, or by expert groups is vital to scrutinising the viability of the developed solution. This work outlines a case study in which the Spanish emergency service 061-Andalucia took part in the validation process of a non-contact vital sign measuring device through image processing, describing the methodology, participant sample, data analysis and conclusions. The measured vital signs were heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, and blood pressure contactless at 2 meters (6.5 ft). In the study, three emergency service teams from three different operation bases in Malaga (Spain) underwent the validation process under semi-real conditions. Each team was provided with one measurement device used during the work shift on patients who were not in a critical stage, conscious and willing to participate in the study after being informed and signing a consent form. The primary goals of the validation were to analyse the ease of the process, reliability, and robustness of the measurements against the standard measurement equipment of the emergency service in different scenarios, as well as detect errors and limitations under semi-real conditions of use. Besides providing evidence of a potential improvement in the service through this new camera system, the satisfaction of the users/ patient and reducing equipment weight. Under these harsh conditions, the measurement device with a technical readiness level 7 reached reliability and robustness between 70% and 100%, depending on the measured vital signs and a high acceptance among the professionals of 66,66%.
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Hossain, Md Akbar, Sayan Kumar Ray i Seyed Reza Shahamiri. "A Context-Aware and Technology-Assisted Informal Caregiver Selection Method to support Medical Emergency". W 2019 29th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnac46935.2019.9077991.
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Buchana, Yasser, i Lisa Seymour. "Theorising inter-organisational health information systems as complex adaptive systems in the context of emergency medical services". W the 2015 Annual Research Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2815782.2815785.
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Pollettini, Juliana Tarossi, Hugo Cesar Pessotti, Antonio Pazin Filho, Evandro Eduardo Seron Ruiz i Mario Sergio Adolfi Junior. "Applying Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval and Machine Learning to Decision Support in Medical Coordination in an Emergency Medicine Context". W 2015 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms.2015.82.
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Malfait, Annelien, Martine Van Puyvelde, Frederic DETAILLE, Xavier Neyt, Francois Waroquier i Nathalie Pattyn. "Unveiling Readiness of Medical First Responders in Simulation Trainings: Insights beyond Queries". W AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004375.
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In military deployments, medical professionals face complex operational situations that are not encountered in civilian health care practice. Defence Departments invest a huge budget of time and money to the training of military medical personnel in order to ensure medical proficiency and successful care of patients in this specific context, However, these previously trained skills may have decayed through disuse. Although past research efforts have provided a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying skill acquisition and decay, there are still no detailed models of skill acquisition and skill decay, no understanding of mediating or mitigating factors, and more importantly no mitigation strategies in military medical tasks (Perez et al., 2013). The current paper describes the methodology to quantify performance in the framework of a project addressing this need for further research in emergency military medical care, specifically understanding and quantifying medical skill acquisition and skill decay. Method In a first descriptive part, skill acquisition and practice were investigated in a qualitative way by observation and in-depth interviews with emergency medical personnel (N = 23, nurses and physicians, from civilian and military backgrounds). In a second part, a set of methodologies was designed to objectify skill acquisition, not only by measuring outcomes (e.g. the successful intubation of a patient), but also refining the technical analyses of skills and assessing the psychophysiological readiness of the performer.Results For the first, qualitative study, all the interviewees described as a major impact on performance several examples of (extreme) stressful and/or dangerous events that they experienced during mass events, accidents, events with serious injuries and/or vulnerable victims (e.g., children), the situational context in combination with extreme high workload and patient flux. In military respondents, additional war-related aspects such as difficult and dangerous working circumstances and war-specific injuries were described. Being exposed to danger was often mentioned, even in civilian participants. Overall, personnel is continuously searching to position themselves on a continuum between emotional disconnection from the patient to preserve operationality on the one hand; and remaining enough empathic to preserve humanity on the other hand. We further identified an ambivalent awareness regarding emotions and stress; which are quoted as a major impact on performance, but without the awareness of own performance degradation. Based on these results, we decided to include an assessment of the psychophysiological allostatic load during the performance of specific skills, in order to factor this variable in when quantifying performance during simulation trainings. Considering the physical load during these trainings (running to the casualty, carrying equipment), measuring individual physiological activation does not make much sense regarding signal-to-noise ratio. Hence two other methods were adopted, which rely on the systemic measures of psychophysiological functioning. These were recordings of facial expression on the one hand, and voice analysis on the other hand. Facial expression is recorded through an add-on of the recording system equipping the simulation multi-room observation lab: the Noldus-Viso (© Noldus) system (i.e., a synchronized 4 high-quality camera system) that allows for real-live observation with a marker interface system and retrospective micro-analyses (The Observer XT) based on in-depth coding of interventions and skill performance. This combination of analyses on a macro and micro level will deliver information on what (macro) went well and what went wrong but also why (micro). The Noldus suite includes an automated emotion and action unit (AU) coding software (FaceReader7). In addition, voice recording is used and our model of Voice Stress Analysis is applied (Van Puyvelde et al., 2018). Conclusion The novel content of this project is to integrate what are usually termed “hard” and “soft” skills. Indeed, emergency medicine, and especially so in military contexts, still suffers from a historical “macho” culture. The evaluation methodology designed for the current project allows for a detailed skill acquisition analysis, by coupling the macro-outcome to micro-recordings of performance coupled to facial expression and voice recordings that offer a unique insight in health care providers’ performance.References Perez RS, Skinner A, Weyhrauch P, Niehaus J, Lathan C, Schwaitzberg SD, Cao CG. Prevention of surgical skill decay. Mil Med. 2013 Oct;178(10 Suppl):76-86. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00216. PMID: 24084308.Van Puyvelde M, Neyt X, McGlone F, Pattyn N. Voice Stress Analysis: A New Framework for Voice and Effort in Human Performance. Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 20;9:1994. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01994. PMID: 30515113; PMCID: PMC6255927.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Emergency Medical Context"
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Bilovska, Natalia. INTERACTIVE STYLES: PERSPECTIVES OF EMERGENCE, ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12168.
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Stylistics can be considered as a field of study that crosses text theory, linguistics, and journalism. Although different schools create different approaches to stylistics, each stylistic approach will include in its paradigm some basic factors, such as the reader and the author. This article shows how these factors interact with each other and, ultimately, create the basis for the emergence of a new field in Ukrainian journalism – interactive stylistics. The study is devoted to interactive stylistics, which is considering as a field based on the text’s own pragmatic potential in the context of modern humanities methodology. This discipline acquires a new function: to observe and interpretively explain, firstly, the meaning of interactions between agents (author and recipient) in communication, mediated by the media text, and, secondly, the effect that this interaction brings. At the center of interactive stylistics is the author (journalist), who through the text discusses the content of interactions in relation to his own interests, as well as cultural, social and historical contracts with the reader. The meaning of the expressions used and the general meaning of such interactions arises in the context of communication events, based on the perception of the subjects of communication with the surrounding reality through the assimilation and adequate interpretation of new information. In modern Ukrainian science of communication, the study of interactive stylistics acquires significant potential. It profiles itself in the context of interdisciplinarity and aims to explore interactivity, interpretability, as well as intertextuality (in specific media texts or interdiscourse dialogue). Interactive stylistics is able to meet the needs of communicators as a useful source of instructions on how communication subjects interact and has a chance to achieve success both at the domestic and international scientific level. Due to its scientific perspective of applying the above-mentioned methodology, it is harmoniously integrated among the tendentious linguistic and broader social science and humanitarian disciplines in Ukrainian scientific research or in the wider international context. Keywords: interactive stylistics; stylistics; reverse communication; style; interactivity; media text.
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Gutiérrez, Catalina. Priorización en tiempos de pandemia. No. 1: Cómo asignar recursos escasos en salud en medio de una pandemia: Marco conceptual, principios y procesos. Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003272.
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Esta nota técnica profundiza en el concepto de la priorización del gasto público en salud en el contexto de la pandemia del coronavirus, que ha puesto en manifiesto las decisiones difíciles a las que deben hacer frente los sistemas de salud del mundo. Este documento se focaliza en los criterios que guían la priorización en contextos recursos limitados y emergencias sanitarias. A partir de la elaboración de un marco conceptual holístico y centrado en minimizar el impacto total de la emergencia sanitaria sobre la salud de la población, se plantean tres condiciones para la asignación de recursos. Primero, una priorización integral, teniendo en cuenta los efectos directos e indirectos de la asignación de recursos y las medidas de contención sobre coronavirus y otras condiciones de salud. Segundo, para lograr decisiones aceptables y legítimas, es conveniente que las razones que se usaron para adoptar las medidas sean consideradas válidas y justas por la ciudadanía. Finalmente, los procesos usados para tomar las decisiones deben ser transparentes, públicos y justificables, y que en la medida de lo posible consulten y tengan en cuenta las preferencias de la ciudadanía y de los actores afectados.
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Lucas Garín, Andrea, Juan Jorge Faundez Peñafiel i Gloria Lillo Ortega. Perspectivas globales sobre la vacunación por covid-19. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Unión Europea, Bruselas,la Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Washington, DC, y la Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Colombia, sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/12728/10078202163.
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La enfermedad identificada como SARS-CoV-2, conocida como “coronavirus” o COVID-19, se presenta para Chile como el desafío de salud pública más importante del último siglo. El país tuvo su primer caso el 3 de marzo de 2020. Ya el 13 de marzo siguiente el Gobierno anunció un plan de medidas para enfrentar la crisis sanitaria emergente, en concordancia con la declaración de pandemia realizada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud siguiendo el Reglamento Sanitario Internacional. Las medidas en Chile se distribuyeron en los ítems: educación, salud (licencias médicas, diagnósticos, capacidad hospitalaria, cuarentenas parciales y con fraccionamiento geográfico), eventos masivos, control de fronteras, abastecimiento, transporte, entre otras. Desde entonces, la evolución de la enfermedad en el país ha sido similar a la de otros países del mundo, con periodos donde los casos han aumentado, seguido por bajas, pero sin retrocesos que hagan pensar que la emergencia ha sido superada. Para entender el proceso que ha experimentado el país, es necesario primero hacer un breve recorrido por su contexto sociopolítico e institucional, que han sido determinantes en los resultados obtenidos hasta el día de hoy.
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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.
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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries
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Rathinam, Francis, P. Thissen i M. Gaarder. Using big data for impact evaluations. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb2.
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The amount of big data available has exploded with recent innovations in satellites, sensors, mobile devices, call detail records, social media applications, and digital business records. Big data offers great potential for examining whether programmes and policies work, particularly in contexts where traditional methods of data collection are challenging. During pandemics, conflicts, and humanitarian emergency situations, data collection can be challenging or even impossible. This CEDIL Methods Brief takes a step-by-step, practical approach to guide researchers designing impact evaluations based on big data. This brief is based on the CEDIL Methods Working Paper on ‘Using big data for evaluating development outcomes: a systematic map’.
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Lentini, Emilio J., i Emilio M. Cepero. Respuesta a la pandemia Covid-19 de los operadores de agua y saneamiento de América Latina y el Caribe: catálogo de las medidas y lecciones para la gestión de riesgos. Redaktorzy Kleber Machado i Gustavo Mendez. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, październik 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005228.
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La pandemia de COVID-19, junto con efectos en la salud y el bienestar de la población obligó a los países de la región a tomar un conjunto de medidas para frenar su avance (particularmente medidas de cuarentena, confinamiento, aislamiento o distanciamiento social) que resultaron en una significativa retracción de la actividad económica y la consecuente pérdida de puestos de trabajo y reducciones en los ingresos que afectaron a toda la fuerza laboral y, en mayor medida, a poblaciones tradicionalmente vinculadas al sector informal. En este contexto, los operadores de servicios públicos debieron tomar medidas para combatir los efectos de la pandemia y mantener los niveles de prestación de los servicios, así como la sostenibilidad financiera en el corto y mediano plazo. Con base en las experiencias de las empresas de la Región, y el intercambio que el Banco mantuvo con ellas durante la pandemia de COVID-19, se ha buscado identificar los temas o categorías de mayor ocurrencia e importancia, tanto con relación a los efectos y respuestas de los operadores durante la emergencia como a los desafíos en ruta a “La Nueva Normalidad”. Con el estudio realizado, cuyos principales análisis y resultados forman parte del presente documento, se ha generado una serie de lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones que sirvan para diseminar conocimiento entre los operadores, reguladores y otros actores relevantes del sector, que contribuyan además al diálogo sectorial del Banco con los países y que ayude a identificar oportunidades de colaboración con los operadores de ALC.
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.
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The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.
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Hertz, Jana C., Derick W. Brinkerhoff, Robin Bush i Petrarca Karetji. Knowledge Systems: Evidence to Policy Concepts in Practice. RTI Press, czerwiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.pb.0024.2006.
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This policy brief reviews the evolution of knowledge-to-policy studies and the emergence of systems perspectives. We explore the less well understood issue of how to grow and reinforce knowledge systems in settings where they are weak and underdeveloped. We offer a knowledge systems model that encapsulates current thinking and present an example of an effort to strengthen a knowledge system, drawn from a project managed by RTI in Indonesia. We conclude with some recommendations for strengthening knowledge systems including promoting debate among a diversity of voices within the knowledge system, providing sustained stakeholder commitment to the systems approach, investing in the components of the knowledge system as well as the interaction between components, fostering a balance between government mechanisms and space for civil society perspectives, and exploring how knowledge systems can engage the private sector. We conclude with suggestions for applying the knowledge systems model in new country contexts including use of a political economy analysis as well as gauging readiness of government actors, research institutes, and media to engage.
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Stampini, Marco, i Mariano Bosch. Protección social y pobreza en América Latina y el Caribe: las claves de la región. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004521.
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Este documento, basado en el Documento de Marco Sectorial de Protección Social y Pobreza, tiene el propósito de mostrar el estado actual de la protección social en América Latina y el Caribe. Para ello, se analiza tanto el contexto de la región como las acciones clave emprendidas por los países en tres ámbitos específicos de acción: apoyo al ingreso de los hogares en condición de pobreza o vulnerabilidad, atención a la dependencia funcional de las personas mayores, y atención e inclusión de las personas con discapacidad. En materia de pobreza y desigualdad, los indicadores en América Latina y el Caribe quedaron estancados a partir de 2016 tras más de una década de mejora, y acusan desde 2020 el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19. La crisis socioeconómica sumió en la pobreza a millones de personas de la clase media emergente y puso de relieve las limitaciones de los sistemas de protección social regionales.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml i Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.