Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Emergency Fund for Palestine

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Emergency Fund for Palestine”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Emergency Fund for Palestine"

Ibrahim, Carla, Khlood Bookari, Yonna Sacre, Lara Hanna-Wakim i Maha Hoteit. "Breastfeeding Practices, Infant Formula Use, Complementary Feeding and Childhood Malnutrition: An Updated Overview of the Eastern Mediterranean Landscape". Nutrients 14, nr 19 (9.10.2022): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194201.

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Background: With increasing global rates of overweight, obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) along with undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is no exception. This review focuses on specific nutrition parameters among under five years children, namely ever breastfed, exclusive breastfeeding, mixed milk feeding, continued breastfeeding, bottle feeding, introduction of solid, semi-solid, or soft foods and malnutrition. Methodology: PubMed, Google Scholar, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) databases, World Health Organization (WHO) databases, the World Bank databases and the Global Nutrition Report databases were explored between 10 January and 6 June 2022, to review the nutrition situation among under five years children in the EMR. Results: The regional average prevalence of ever breastfed, exclusive breastfeeding, mixed milk feeding, continued breastfeeding, bottle feeding, introduction of solid, semi-solid, or soft foods was estimated at 84.3%, 30.9%, 42.9%, 41.5%, 32.1% and 69.3%, respectively. Iran, Iraq, Libya and Palestine have seen a decline over time in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. Lebanon, Egypt, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia reported early introduction of infant formula. Moreover, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates were seen to introduce food early to the child, at between 4–6 months of age. The estimated weighted regional averages for stunting, wasting and underweight were 20.3%, 8.9% and 13.1%, respectively. Of concern is the increasing prevalence of stunting in Libya. As for overweight and obesity, the average prevalence was reported to be 8.9% and 3%, respectively. Lebanon, Libya, Kuwait and Palestine showed an increased trend throughout this time. Conclusions: In this review, the suboptimal infant and young child feeding patterns and the twofold incidence of malnutrition in the EMR are highlighted and we urge the prioritizing of measures to improve children’s nutrition.

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ABU ARAYES, Haneen. "THE CHALLENGES OF THE PALESTINIAN ECONOMY IN THE FACE OF POLITICAL PRESSURE AND THE REPERCUSSIONS OF THE CORONA PANDEMIC". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 05, nr 01 (1.01.2023): 440–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.21.28.

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This study aimed to identify the challenges facing the Palestinian economy in the face of political pressure and the repercussions of the Corona pandemic, and to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach to describe the challenges facing the Palestinian economy. The researcher also used the quantitative approach to predict possible scenarios for the economic situation in Palestine, in addition to using statistical reports. The published data, and the researcher reached many results, most notably: that there is a negative impact of the Corona pandemic and political pressures on the Palestinian economy, as the Corona pandemic caused a decline in economic sectors as a result of the emergency that was declared in Palestine and the imposition of a comprehensive closure on it, where the highest rate of decline was the share of the sector. Construction also caused an increase in poor families to 18,800 families and an increase in the unemployment rate in Palestine to 29.6%. The study made it clear that we should work to address the challenges that affected the Palestinian economy, the most important of which are the clearance crisis and the Corona pandemic by looking for other sources to finance government expenditures and not rely in a way. Big on clearing funds, as well as working on restarting the group Economic sectors in order to compensate for the damage caused by the Corona pandemic

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Cobbing, Felicity. "Thomas Cook and the Palestine Exploration Fund". Public Archaeology 11, nr 4 (listopad 2012): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1465518713z.00000000019.

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Lipman, V. D. "The Origins of the Palestine Exploration Fund". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 120, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/peq.1988.120.1.45.

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Momigliano, Nicoletta. "Duncan Mackenzie and the Palestine Exploration Fund". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 128, nr 2 (lipiec 1996): 139–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/peq.1996.128.2.139.

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Barghouthi, Orobah Ali. "Characteristics of Palestinian Economy and It’s Competitive Advantage of Porter’s Theory and Diamond Model". International Journal of Marketing Research Innovation 1, nr 1 (30.11.2017): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijmri.v1i1.101.

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The study focused on the advancing the competitive advantage of Palestine. The Palestine Investment Fund as government body in enhancing competitive advantage of Palestinian economy, the study sought to answer the research aim.

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Awawda, Osayd. "Palestine". Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 22, nr 1 (27.06.2023): 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-20230044.

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Abstract During the last year, the Palestinian President, Mahmoud Abbas, has issued more than seventy decrees-by-law, which are legislative tools that the Palestinian Basic Law allows the President to use only in cases of emergency. However, the President has never shown in any of those decrees-by-law that they were issued to face an emergency, which is an immense, imminent danger that may solely be stopped with a decree-by-law. This is a significant increase in the number of decrees-by-law that the President has issued between 2007, the year in which the coup d’état occurred in Palestine, and 2021, which amounts to thirty decrees-by-law per year. This increase might be the result of Abbas’s clique attempt to shape the legal framework of the Palestinian Authority for its own benefits, fearing that the old, ill, Palestinian President would pass away in the near future, leaving a huge vacuum behind, particularly with regards to who might be his successor, amongst all of the rivalling senior figures of the regime.

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Kafafi, Zeidan. "The Antiquities of Jordan in the Reports of Foreign Explorers and Travelers (The Stage Before the Establishment of the Emirate of Jordan in 1921 AD)". Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology 16, nr 3 (31.10.2022): 139–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54134/jjha.v16i3.658.

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This article studies the foreign explorers and travelers who documented the archaeological heritage of Jordan during the 18th and 19th centuries in their travel reports. The article begins with a summary of the historical and social conditions of Jordan at the time, when Jordan was part of the Ottoman state. The article examines the foreign explorers in three sub-periods: From the end of the Crusader period in the aftermath of the Battle of Hittin in 1187 up to Napoleon’s military expedition to Egypt in 1798. From Napoleon’s military expedition in 1798 up to the establishment of the Western learned societies interested in the antiquities of Palestine, starting with the British Palestine Exploration Fund in 1865. From the establishment of the Palestine Exploration Fund in 1865 up to the establishment of the Emirate of Jordan in 1921. The reports of the travelers and explorers concentrated on sites and regions mentioned in the biblical narratives

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Goodwin, Tony. "Seventh-Century Coins in the Palestine Exploration Fund Collections". Palestine Exploration Quarterly 137, nr 1 (kwiecień 2005): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174313005x37998.

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Oberschall, Anthony. "Two States in Palestine?" Advances in Social Science and Culture 1, nr 1 (4.05.2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v1n1p14.

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Israelis and Palestinians have off loaded the costs of their conflict to outsiders and lack incentives for peace making. Massive subsidies for the Palestinians should be gradually withdrawn and Israel should pay rent for the settlements and other land it occupies. The rents will fund the Palestinian economy and compensation payments in lieu of the right of return. The Palestinian state will be demilitarized and neutral, and become viable with economic ties to Israel and with international aid. Two states will coexist along the 1967 green line and East Jerusalem will be part of “Jerusalem: one city, two capitals”. Peace making will be backed by the major international stakeholders and the agreement will be legitimized by the voters in both countries.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Emergency Fund for Palestine"

Moscrop, John James. "The Palestine Exploration Fund, 1865-1914". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35576.

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Founded in 1865, the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) was for the first 20 years of its existence both the principal British exploration society in the Holy Land and a surveying organisation which was heavily dependent upon the work of and support of the Royal Engineers. From 1865 to 1886 PEF functioned as an independent organisation dependent for its work and existence upon the intelligence department of the War Office. Employing Royal Engineers, men and officers, the Fund surveyed western and eastern Palestine, Sinai, and completed a geographical survey around the Dead Sea. Its surveyors included Charles Wilson (later Sir Charles Wilson), Charles Warren (later Sir Charles Warren), Claude Conder and H. H. Kitchener (later Lord Kitchener), and its supporters and organisers included many notable men of the day. The survey operation linked closely with the need for a full map of the Holy Land area in order to protect and police the eastern hinterland to the Suez Canal. After 1890 the PEF became an archaeological organisation employing William Flinders Petrie (1891), Frederick Jones Bliss (1891-1900), R. A. Macalister (1900-09) and lastly Duncan Mackenzie (1910-1912). From 1913 to 1914 the PEF reverted to its former role of intelligence gathering for the War Office and employed Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence as archaeologists and as a cover for Royal Engineers under Captain Newcombe who surveyed the Wilderness of Zin area. After 1918 the British Mandate in Palestine rendered such uses of the PEF obsolete. This thesis examines the composition of the PEF, its foundation, the involvement of the military intelligence departments with PEF, its financial basis and its relationship to the British involvement in the Middle East. It does not examine the PEF's role in archaeological history, but concentrates upon its work as a Victorian imperial institution.

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Irizarry, Ashley M. "Possessing the Holy Land: The Palestine Exploration Fund and the American Palestine Exploration Society". W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626767.

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Bangura, Kitabu. "European Union Emergency Trust Fund; A Case Study of The Gambia". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21426.

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This thesis is a case study that examines the impacts of the European Union Emergency Fund(EUTF) in The Gambia. Using a combination of the Neoclassical theory, New Economics ofLabor Migration theory and Migration Network theory this thesis investigates the impact theEUTF has had on irregular migration in The Gambia locally known as the “back way” to Europe.Furthermore, through the use of interviews, and secondary data from the InternationalOrganization for Migration (IOM) and International Trade Centre (ITC), this paper alsoinvestigates the impact of the projects implemented under the EUTF has on the beneficiaries.The analysis shows that in terms of the economic and employment opportunity plan of theEUTF, it has had too little coverage to have any significant impacts in the Gambia, however, theawareness-raising component has made a considerable impact on the decision-making process ofthe backway migration. Finally, the analysis shows that the EUTF has had a positive impact onits beneficiaries thus far.

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Kamarudin, N. S. "Emergency fund provision among young student adults in Malaysia : a behavioural perspective". Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/39375/.

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Financial behaviour is complex and difficult to measure. Existing literature on the emergency fund remains lacking in terms of its theoretical testing and modelling, not to mention its accurate definition of emergency fund behaviour itself. Prior studies also suffer from providing sufficient country-contextual evidence on emergency fund behaviour, notably in the instance of Malaysia. Compounding this, the question of how young student adults allocate their emergency fund has yet to be adequately explored by existing studies, primarily due to data limitations. The issues of financial behaviour, financial problems and financial stresses among young adults are still being addressed by many studies. These tend to argue that young adults have less ability to allocate or achieve the recommended adequate level of emergency fund holding. It is these gaps that this thesis will address. This research uses modified theory of planned behaviour as a research conceptual framework to investigate and understand the emergency fund behaviour among young student adults in Malaysia. The data were collected using online questionnaires and survey interviews. The emergency fund behaviour measurement and Emergency Fund Formation Behaviour (EFFB) models were developed. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were adopted as data analysis tools for this research. The definition of emergency fund behaviour was positioned in relation to two main financial behaviours: saving and investment. The results from the modelling revealed that attitude and propensity to plan were found to significantly contribute to emergency fund formation intentions and behaviour. The subjective norms and perceived behaviour controls were found not to be significant to fund formation intentions and behaviour. The emergency event from young student adults’ perspective was explored and contributes to additional current literature. This research also found that not all young student adults achieved the total three months expenses recommended adequacy level of emergency fund holding. Previous experience of emergency events was found to be the factor that prompted them to achieve the recommended adequacy level. Their intention was to continue to borrow from informal channels, such as family and friends,if they lacked emergency funds in future. Other factors, such as financial aid, did not necessarily determine their ability to achieve the adequacy level. This research also found that a significant proportion of young student adults chose to use savings accounts and current accounts as their emergency fund. Some also used their student loan (PTPTN) money as source of emergency fund allocation. In addition, the use of gold as an emergency fund financial instrument was also found to be relevant to the Malaysian context. The holding of gold was a behaviour found not to be gender-related. In terms of the financial instruments categories, most of the young student adults in this research were found holding intermediate fund rather than other emergency fund categories. The modelling and deeper understanding of emergency fund behaviour revealed overall of emergency fund formation behaviour and preference for financial products in response to future emergencies. This finding will help financial service providers and financial educators to offer more effective advice and fulfil the needs of their clients. Moreover, this research makes a significant contribution to the field of personal financial planning by improving our understanding of the application of behavioural finance theory, and suggesting that behavioural factors contribute to an individual’s financial planning and actions.

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Affouneh, Saida Jaser. "Decentralization and emergency education : a study of Palestinian perspectives on the effectiveness of decentralization as an emergency policy in Palestine 2000 - 2004". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438077.

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Hong, Eunice Oh. "Just Before the Great Recession, Who Could Have Expected a Substantial Income Decrease? Were They Prepared for Emergencies?" The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429724807.

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Liao, Yen-yu, i 廖彥宇. "Emergency Fund and Risk Tolerance". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86947543032661050738.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
商業教育學系
90
The theory of consumption and saving behavior like permanent income hypothesis and life cycle hypothesis all presume people live in a certain environment. But it is questionable. Scholars indicated that the theories didn’t correspond to the reality. But precautionary saving could explain the paradox between theories and reality. Like precautionary saving, emergency fund also based on preventing uncertainty. Emergency fund and precautionary saving were addressed individually by economists and financial scholars. Both of them were used to reduce the strike of uncertainty and stressed the importance of fluidity. They have lots of similarities. In the limited resources, it is hard to decide the optimal ratio between emergency fund and general investment. It decides by the individual risk tolerance. A person who has low risk tolerance will ask for more emergency fund. On the contrary, a person with high risk tolerance will increase the weight of the investment. The study used the data of American survey of consumer finance. It took emergency fund and risk tolerance as endogenous variables and used the methodology of structure equation model. The mainly goal is probing into the causal relationship of emergency fund and risk tolerance. The results show that emergency fund has a positive effect toward risk tolerance, but risk tolerance affects emergency fund reversely.

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Faisal, Muhammad, D. Richardson, Andy J. Scally, R. Howes, K. Beatson, K. Speed i Mohammad A. Mohammad. "Computer-aided National Early Warning Score to predict the risk of sepsis following emergency medical admission to hospital: a model development and external validation study". 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17028.

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Yes
Background: In English hospitals, the patient’s vital signs are monitored and summarised into a National Early Warning Score (NEWS). NEWS is more accurate than the quick sepsis related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score at identifying patients with sepsis. We investigate the extent to which the accuracy of the NEWS is enhanced by developing computer-aided NEWS (cNEWS) models. We compared three cNEWS models (M0=NEWS alone; M1=M0 + age + sex; M2=M1 + subcomponents of NEWS + diastolic blood pressure) to predict the risk of sepsis. Methods: All adult emergency medical admissions discharged over 24-months from two acute hospitals (YH–York Hospital for model development; NH–Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospital for external model validation). We used a validated Canadian method for defining sepsis from administrative hospital data. Findings: The prevalence of sepsis was lower in YH (4.5%=1596/35807) than NH (8.5%=2983/35161). The c-statistic increased across models (YH: M0: 0.705, M1:0.763, M2:0.777; NH:M0: 0.708, M1:0.777, M2:0.791). At NEWS 5+, sensitivity increased (YH: 47.24% vs 50.56% vs 52.69%; NH: 37.91% vs 43.35% vs 48.07%)., the positive likelihood ratio increased (YH: 2.77 vs 2.99 vs 3.06; NH: 3.18 vs 3.32 vs 3.45) and the positive predictive value increased (YH: 11.44% vs 12.24% vs 12.49%; NH: 22.75% vs 23.55% vs 24.21%). Interpretation: From the three cNEWS models, Model M2 is the most accurate. Since it places no additional data collection burden on clinicians and can be automated, it may now be carefully introduced and evaluated in hospitals with sufficient informatics infrastructure.
The Health Foundation, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Yorkshire and Humberside Patient Safety Translational Research Centre
Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, April 2019.

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Książki na temat "Emergency Fund for Palestine"

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Naval Affairs, red. Emergency and Contingent Fund Appropriation Bill. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Verloren, Ada. The United Nations Children's Emergency Fund. New York: Chelsea House, 2009.

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1958-, Jorgensen Steen, i Pradhan Menno 1965-, red. Workers' benefits from Bolivia's Emergency Social Fund. Washington, D.C: The World Bank, 1991.

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Oregon. Legislative Assembly. Legislative Fiscal Office., red. 2002 forest fire season impact on Emergency Fund. Salem, Or: Oregon Legislative Fiscal Office, 2002.

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Cross, International Committee of the Red. ICRC emergency appeals, 1996. Geneva, Switzerland: The Committee, 1996.

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United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General. Federal Emergency Management Agency Working Capital Fund FY 2009. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General, 2010.

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Naab, Bryan. Universal Service Fund, Public Service Commission. Madison, WI: Legislative Audit Bureau, 2013.

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San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. Audits Division. [San Francisco Mayor's Office of Emergency Services: Cash revolving fund]. San Francisco CA: City and County of San Francisco, Office of the Controller, 2004.

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Bea, Keith. FEMA and the disaster relief fund. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1992.

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United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. UNRWA emergency appeal 2008. Gaza, Palestine: UNRWA, 2007.

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Części książek na temat "Emergency Fund for Palestine"

King, Paul M. "Step 1: Set Up an Emergency Fund". W Protect your Wealth from the Ravages of Inflation, 39–49. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3823-2_3.

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Hendel, Nataliia. "United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)". W International Conflict and Security Law, 719–31. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_34.

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Melville, Rose, Sarah Jastram, Marlies Glasius, Diana Digol, David Horton Smith, Carinne Faveere, Anael Labigne i in. "United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)". W International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 1595. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_9340.

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Meyer, Dirk. "European Reconstruction Fund—Emergency Aid or Permanent Fiscal Union with Joint Debt?" W European Union and Monetary Union in Permanent Crisis II, 81–109. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38646-7_6.

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Wang, Yilin, Yan Peng i Xiaoqing Liu. "Research on Performance Evaluation Index System of Emergency Fund Guarantee Based on Improved Mutation Progression Method". W Proceedings of the 2023 4th International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management (ICMSEM 2023), 1566–73. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-256-9_159.

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Thovoethin, Paul-Sewa. "The European Union’s Emergency Trust Fund for Africa and Challenges of Addressing Irregular Migration in the Global South: The Nigerian Example". W The Palgrave Handbook of Africa and the Changing Global Order, 619–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77481-3_29.

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Wild, Robert, Moses Egaru, Mark Ellis-Jones, Barbara Nakangu Bugembe, Ahmed Mohamed, Obadiah Ngigi, Gertrude Ogwok, Jules Roberts i Sophie Kutegeka. "Using Inclusive Finance to Significantly Scale Climate Change Adaptation". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2565–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_127.

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AbstractReversing land degradation and achieving ecosystem restoration and management are routes to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The financial resources to achieve this are increasingly available. A major challenge is the absence of scalable mechanisms that can incentivize rapid change for rural communities at the decade-long time scale needed to respond to the climate emergency. Despite moves toward inclusive green finance (IGF), a major structural gap remains between the funding available and the unbankable small-scale producers who are stewards of ecosystems. This chapter reports on inclusive finance that can help fill this gap and incentivizes improved ecosystem stewardship, productivity, and wealth creation. A key feature is the concept of eco-credit to build ecosystem management and restorative behaviors into loan terms. Eco-credit provides an approach for overcoming income inequality within communities to enhance the community-level ecosystem governance and stewardship. The paper discusses the experience of implementing the Community Environment Conservation Fund (CECF) over a 8-year-period from 2012. The CECF addresses the unbankable 80% of community members who cannot access commercial loans, has c. 20,000 users in Uganda and pilots in Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model is contextualized alongside complementary mechanisms that can also incentivize improved ecosystem governance as well as engage and align communities, government, development partners, and the private sector. This complementary infrastructure includes commercial eco-credit as exemplified by the Climate Smart Lending Platform, and the community finance of the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) model upon which CECF builds. The paper describes the technologies and climate finance necessary for significant scale-up.

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Wild, Robert, Moses Egaru, Mark Ellis-Jones, Barbara Nakangu Bugembe, Ahmed Mohamed, Obadiah Ngigi, Gertrude Ogwok, Jules Roberts i Sophie Kutegeka. "Using Inclusive Finance to Significantly Scale Climate Change Adaptation". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_127-1.

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AbstractReversing land degradation and achieving ecosystem restoration and management are routes to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The financial resources to achieve this are increasingly available. A major challenge is the absence of scalable mechanisms that can incentivize rapid change for rural communities at the decade-long time scale needed to respond to the climate emergency. Despite moves toward inclusive green finance (IGF), a major structural gap remains between the funding available and the unbankable small-scale producers who are stewards of ecosystems. This paper reports on inclusive finance that can help fill this gap and incentivizes improved ecosystem stewardship, productivity, and wealth creation. A key feature is the concept of eco-credit to build ecosystem management and restorative behaviors into loan terms. Eco-credit provides an approach for overcoming income inequality within communities to enhance the community-level ecosystem governance and stewardship. The paper discusses the experience of implementing the Community Environment Conservation Fund (CECF) over a 8-year-period from 2012. The CECF addresses the unbankable 80% of community members who cannot access commercial loans, has c. 20,000 users in Uganda and pilots in Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model is contextualized alongside complementary mechanisms that can also incentivize improved ecosystem governance as well as engage and align communities, government, development partners, and the private sector. This complementary infrastructure includes commercial eco-credit as exemplified by the Climate Smart Lending Platform, and the community finance of the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) model upon which CECF builds. The paper describes the technologies and climate finance necessary for significant scale-up.

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Granovsky, A. "The Work of the Jewish National Fund". W Land Problems in Palestine, 67–77. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003074656-10.

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Granovsky, A. "The Hereditary Leasehold of the National Fund". W Land Problems in Palestine, 56–66. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003074656-8.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Emergency Fund for Palestine"

Hairi, Nur Atika, i Norhafizah Ahmad. "Pengaruh dan Impak Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) Terhadap Isu Palestin di Malaysia". W Conference on Pusat Pengajian Umum dan Kokurikulum 2020/1. Penerbit UTHM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/ahcs.2020.01.01.001.

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The Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM) is an Islamic organisation legally established in 1972. From 1971 until now, ABIM is very concern to international issues, especially the Israeli-Palestinian issue. This article discusses the influence and impact of ABIM in fighting for the liberation of Palestine (1971-2020). ABIM has always called on those responsible for Palestinian independence and the freedom of its people from the grip of Israel. Although various peace negotiations have been held between Israel and Palestine internationally, concrete solutions have not been reached. The objective to be achieved is to analyze ABIM’s involvement in resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The methodology used is primary source research in the National Archives of Malaysia and the ABIM Archive. Apart from that, an interview with the President of ABIM, Mr. Muhammad Faisal Abdul Aziz was also held. The results of the study found that ABIM is consistent and active in fighting for this issue. This proves that the voice of NGOs can influence and impact decisions at the national and international levels such as the United Nations (UN). The volume of voice that is always displayed by ABIM is able to give awareness to the leaders and the people of Malaysia that this issue is not just a religious issue but this issue is a universal issue involving humanitarian values. ABIM has held press conferences, sent memorandum, held demonstrations, peaceful rallies, boycotts of American-Israeli goods and set up a Palestinian Aid Fund to raise the issue. ABIM's official paper, 'Risalah' also played a role in disseminating current Palestinian issues by publishing articles from original sources on the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and developments in Palestine, especially in the 1970s. This is because resources at the time were very limited and Western media published biased and untrue news.

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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives, i Ivan Zeko-Pivač. "TRIGGERING EMERGENCY PROCEDURES: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF THE EU’S AND UN'S RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND BEYOND". W EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18300.

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The large-scale COVID-19 pandemic is a severe public health emergency which poses distressing social and economic challenges to the international community as a whole. In order to provide immediate and effective support to affected welfare and healthcare systems as well as to build their lasting, inclusive and sustainable recovery, both the European Union and the United Nations have introduced a number of urgent measures aiming to help and protect citizens and economies. This paper looks into the specificities of urgent procedures launched and carried out by the two most influential international organisations with a view to rapidly respond to the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. More specifically, it focuses on the involved institutions and steps of urgent procedures as well as on their most remarkable outcomes. In the case of the European Union, the emphasis is put primarily on two Coronavirus Response Investment Initiatives (CRIIs), adopted during the Croatian Presidency of the Council in one of the fastest legal procedures in the history of the European Union, and the Recovery Assistance for Cohesion and the Territories of Europe (REACT-EU) as an extension of the CRIIs’ crisis repair measures. The overarching United Nations’ response is assessed through an analysis of its urgent policy agenda developed on the premise that the COVID-19 pandemic is not only a health and socio-economic emergency but also a global humanitarian, security and human rights crisis. This particularly includes procedures foreseen by the Global Humanitarian Response Plan (GHRP) and the Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP). In addition, the aim of the paper is to provide a critical overview of the subject by highlighting three pivotal elements. First, the paper sheds light on the financial aspects of the urgent fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, necessary for turning words into action. Notably, this refers to funds secured by the Multiannual Financial Frameworks 2014-2020 and 2021-2027, and the Next Generation EU recovery instrument, on the one hand, and the UN COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund and the Solidarity Response Fund, on the other hand. Second, it offers a comparative evaluation of the end results of the European and global emergency procedures in mitigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it summarises the underlying elements of measures governing the aftermath of the ongoing crisis, i.e. those promoting a human-centred, green, sustainable, inclusive and digital approach to future life.

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Lamb, Alexandra. "District Leaders’ Theories of Change: ARP-ESSER (American Rescue Plan–Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund) Planning and Implementation". W 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2110950.

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Sanglun, Rujeewan Yomsreeken. "PW 2001 Evaluation of potential emergency volunteer community group volunteers. In the care of patients with acute myocardial infarction. (AMI) sam sung district khonkaen. Study of emergency medicine, sam sung hospital. And received fund from national institute for emergency medicine". W Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.698.

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Donaldson, Morgaen. "District Leaders’ Perspectives on Developing and Implementing District ARP-ESSER (American Rescue Plan–Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund) Plans (Poster 32)". W 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2110372.

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Ofulue, Christine, Johnson Opateye, Samuel Awolumate, Felix Kayode Olakulehin, Adewale Adesina, Bibian Ugoala, A'Rmiyau Yabo, Oluwaseun Philip Oluyide i Solomn Ojedeji. "Developing a Research Agenda for Resilient Systems and Innovative Practices in ODeL: Findings from a National Study". W Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.4693.

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The Covid-19 pandemic brought to light huge gaps in education systems globally. Many African countries were unable to respond quickly to the impact of the pandemic. Additionally, in Nigeria, insurgency and insecurity are daily realities that have equally disrupted schools, forcing them to shut down. As a result, many institutions adopted emergency, remote teaching and learning approaches, recognising the potential of open, distance and eLearning (ODeL) to mitigate the disruptions and therefore contribute to building resilience. However, many of these interventions lack appropriate ODeL design and pedagogical features. A Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund), National Research Fund (NRF)-sponsored project titled "Setting an Agenda for Research into Open, Distance, and eLearning in the Global South: Nigeria as a Case Study" set out to identify gaps, priority areas, and research trends to inform ODeL policy, and guide practice in the context of the various challenges. The project harnesses the value of research relating to policy, pedagogy, and practice in ODeL. The main objective of this paper is to investigate key areas of ODeL that should receive greater attention in research and thereby offer insights on the possible implications for building resilient educational systems and promoting innovative practices. A two-phased, mixed-method data collection process was implemented with quantitative data obtained through a preliminary online survey of 382 ODeL practitioners from higher education institutions in Nigeria. Qualitative data was obtained through a follow-up interview with a purposively selected group of 26 ODeL experts. The study reveals a commonality of views among the expert group about the key areas for research such as learner support, ICT, and instructional delivery. The opinions of the sample expert group confirmed the responses of the general population. The study also reveals emerging categories of previously unclassified research priority areas that are common to the African context. Research into these key areas can contribute significantly to building resilient education systems and promoting innovative practices.

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Ulfah, Maharani, Supriyadi Hari Respati i Bhisma Murti. "Determinants of Immunization Completeness of Infant in Karanganyar, District, Central Java". W The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.115.

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ABSTRACT Background: Indonesia launched the Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) in 1977. However, immunization coverage remains far below the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO) target of 80%. The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of immunization completeness of infant in Karanganyar, District, Central Java. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at 21 community health centers in Karanganyar, Central Java, from January to March 2020. A sample of 200 mothers who had children adged 12-23 months was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was immunization completeness. The independent variables were intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived barrier, perceived benefit education, and knowledge. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Infant immunization completeness was directly increased by high perceived benefit (b= 2.98; 95% CI= 1.50 to 4.47; p<0.001), positive attitude (b= 3.12; 95% CI= 1.58 to 4.66; p<0.001), strong intention (b= 3.55; 95% CI= 1.98 to 5.12; p<0.001), and supportive subjective norm (b= 2.95; 95% CI= 1.48 to 4.42; p<0.001). Infant immunization completeness was directly decreased by high perceived barrier (b= -2.01; 95% CI= -3.20 to -0.81; p= 0.001). It was indirectly affected by education and knowledge. Conclusion: Infant immunization completeness is directly increased by high perceived benefit, positive attitude, strong intention, and supportive subjective norm. Infant immunization completeness is directly decreased by high perceived barrier. It is indirectly affected by education and knowledge. Keywords: immunization, completeness, health belied model, path analysis Correspondence: Maharani Ulfah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: maharaniulfahh@gmail.com. Mobile: +628213558003557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.115

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Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, Kåre Karlsson, Stefan Candefjord i Anna Anund. "Validation of a one-item acute stress scale for driving tasks". W 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005230.

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Emergency personnel, such as ambulance crews and firefighters, must perform well both mentally and physically during emergency responses around the clock. The opportunity for recovery and rest is often limited during their shifts. This can lead to an increased risk of fatigue and perceived stress during emergency responses, which also increases the risk of traffic accidents. Stress has been identified as a contributing factor to road crashes due to its negative impact on driving performance [1-3]. Stress increases the crash risk by affecting cognitive abilities, resulting in inadequate information processing and imperfect perception which may, in turn, lead to deterioration of driver performance [4]. Physiological measurements can be used to detect driver stress but there is also a need for subjective ratings scales that are easy to use in a driving setting. Driver sleepiness is often measured with the 9-point one-item Karolinska Sleepiness Scale [5] but there is no equivalent measure of acute driver stress. In this study we investigated if a one-item stress scale could be used to measure acute driver stress in an ambulance simulator. The VTI acute stress scale (VSS) was developed to quantify perceived stress. The 9 verbal anchors are designed to match the verbal anchors of the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The VSS anchors are: 1 completely relaxed (feeling entirely calm and relaxed), 2 very relaxed, 3 relaxed, 4 rather relaxed, 5 neither relaxed nor stressed, 6 slightly stressed, 7 stressed (feeling some tension and pressure), 8 very stressed, 9 extremely stressed (feeling very tense and under high pressure, on the verge of what I can handle).A simulator trial was conducted with ambulance driving scenarios designed to induce various stress levels in emergency response personnel. Each participant performed three simulator tasks: task A was a low-stress routine drive, task B was a medium-stress urgent callout, task C was a high-stress emergency response. The tasks were counterbalanced between participants. The participants completed a questionnaire with questions about task load (NASA-TLX), stress (9-point VSS scale), and sleepiness (9-point KSS scale) after each drive.Participants (33 men and 16 women) were recruited among ambulance personnel and emergency response personnel in western Sweden. Data collections took place at two different ambulance stations on five different occasions in 2022. The study protocol was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (ref 2021-04352). Forty-eight drivers had VSS ratings from all three drives. The mean ratings were A=3.17 (SD 1.58, range 1-7), B=3.77 (SD 1.59, range 1-6), and C=4.65 (SD 1.77, range 1-7). An ANOVA with task (A, B, C) as a fixed factor and participant as a random factor showed that there was a significant difference in VSS ratings between tasks (F=22.9, p<0.001, η2=0.330). Post-hoc tests (TukeyHSD) showed that task A had significantly lower rating than task B (p=0.021) and task C (p<0.001) and task B had significantly lower ratings than task C (p<0.001). The stress ratings were moderate throughout the trials, with no ratings above 7 on the 9-point scale. This could be due to simulator scenarios not being perceived as equally stressful as real-life emergency driving situations. The VSS was significantly correlated with NASA-TLX subscales mental demand (r=0.606), physical demand (r=0.419), temporal demand (r=0.605), performance (r=0.313), effort (r=0.541), and frustration (r=0.553). These medium correlations show that the VSS acute stress score is related to but not identical to workload. In conclusion, the VSS can be used to measure acute driver stress in moderately stressful driving conditions.This study was funded by a grant from the strategic vehicle research and innovation (FFI) program at Sweden’s Innovation Agency (VINNOVA), grant number 2020-05157, and through the SUAB project financed by the European Social Fund, grant number 2020/00110.1.Mou, L., et al., Driver stress detection via multimodal fusion using attention-based CNN-LSTM. Expert Systems with Applications, 2021. 173: p. 114693.2.Rastgoo, M.N., et al., A critical review of proactive detection of driver stress levels based on multimodal measurements. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 2018. 51(5): p. 1-35.3.Beanland, V., et al., Driver inattention and driver distraction in serious casualty crashes: Data from the Australian National Crash In-depth Study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013. 54: p. 99-107.4.Wiberg, H., et al., Physiological responses related to moderate mental load during car driving in field conditions. Biological psychology, 2015. 108: p. 115-125.5.Åkerstedt, T. and M. Gillberg, Subjective and Objective Sleepiness in the Active Individual International Journal of Neuroscience, 1990. 52(1-2): p. 29-37.

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Bulgarino, Nicole A. "Savannah River Site Biomass Cogeneration Facility". W ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98160.

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Ameresco & Department of Energy Savannah River partnered together to install three biomass fueled energy plants. The main plant is a 20 megawatt steam power plant and the other two smaller plants are thermal heating plants. All three facilities are located on the Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS). These facilities were developed and financed under an Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC), which utilizes energy and operational savings to fund the capital investment and operations cost over the performance period. Ameresco was fully responsible for the design, installation, oversight, management, safety, environmental compliance, and continues to be responsible for the operations and maintenance of the Biomass Cogeneration Facility. This is the largest biomass facility installed under ESPC in the federal government. The facilities have the capacity to combust 385,000 tons of forest residue annually. In the first year alone, the energy and operation cost savings at SRS is in excess of $34 million. Clean biomass and bio-derived fuels (such as tire derived fuel and untreated pallets) is the primary fuel source for all of the new boilers. Biomass is used to fuel two steam boilers capable of producing 240,000 lb. /hr. of high-pressure steam and to power a steam turbine capable of generating up to 20 MW of electricity. The smaller thermal plants provide biomass-produced steam for the areas’ heating and industrial processes. These plants satisfy winter steam requirements for both domestic heat and process steam and is fueled solely with biomass wood chips, utilizing fuel oil as backup source of fuel. Key benefits of the SRS biomass project include: • Over 2,000,000 MBtu/yr. of thermal renewable energy production and a minimum of generation of 77,000,000 kWh of green power • Annual Energy Reductions of approximately 500,000 MBtu/yr. • No-cost Renewable Energy Credits retained by the DOE SR • Support of the South Carolina Biomass Council Goals • Decrease of water intake from the Savannah River by 1,400,000 kgal/yr., supporting water conservation efforts in the region • Reduction of 400 tons/yr. of Particulate Matter (PM) emissions • Reduction of 3,500 tons/yr. of Sulfur Dioxide emissions • Reduction of 100,000 tons/yr. of Carbon Dioxide emissions The smaller heating plants include the main boiler systems and live bottom trailer fuel storage. The Biomass Cogeneration Facility includes the biomass boiler systems, the steam turbine generation system, and the facility auxiliary systems as well as the site infrastructure within these boundaries. The Facility has been designed, built, and tested per industrial/commercial codes for cogeneration facilities. The main components of the Facility are listed below: • Fuel Yard – Material Unloading & Storage and Delivery System ○ Biomass Fuel Chip unloading system ○ Fuel Storage Area ○ Transfer conveyors ○ Fuel Screening System ○ Tire Derived Fuel Storage & Unloading Area ○ Whole Log Chipping System & Storage • Water Treatment System – Water treatment system to treat river water for use in boilers as well as cooling tower for condensing turbine • Boiler Systems – (2) Boiler Island from metering bin, water side and flue gas side, pollution control devices and stacks • Chemical Treatment System – Chemical skids, injection skids for cooling tower and boiler treatment • Steam Turbine Generator System & Turbine Cooling System – (1) steam turbine and generator & Cooling Tower with cooling tower pumps • Emergency Generator System – (1) back diesel generator • Plant Control System – Master SCADA system which integrates all systems and balance of plant equipment I/O into one control system

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Emergency Fund for Palestine"

Kervyn, Elise, i Raphael Shilhav. An Emergency for Whom? The EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa – migratory routes and development aid in Africa. Oxfam, listopad 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.1176.

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Manlutac, Janice Ian. Funding the Frontline: How an Oxfam Emergency Response Fund facilitated local humanitarian action. Oxfam, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7451.

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From 2014 to 2020 Oxfam embedded an Emergency Response Fund (ERF) in its multiyear disaster risk reduction programs in Asia-Pacific and Central America. The Oxfam ERF was designed as a flexible funding mechanism to prioritize small-scale, under-the-radar, and forgotten emergencies and help local actors respond to and mitigate the impacts of disasters in their communities. ERF grants totaling US$1.9 million were disbursed and supported 24 small-scale responses led by 15 local organizations in nine countries. The ERF, through the support of a donor who values local leadership, helped local actors shape humanitarian responses, and the simplicity of fund administration unlocked creativity and delivered speed without compromising the quality and accountability of humanitarian aid.

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Manlutac, Janice Ian, i Joseph Mary Kasumba. Locally Led Emergency Response Fund (LL-ERF) Project: Experiences from Bangladesh, Puerto Rico, and Uganda. Oxfam International, styczeń 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2024.000010.

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This report contains learning from a pilot implementation of the Locally Led Emergency Response Fund (LL-ERF) Project in three countries. The LL-ERF is a funding innovation that provides flexible, quick humanitarian funding to local actors in order to save lives during emergencies, advocate for the rights of people affected, and advance the shifting of power to local actors in the humanitarian sector. In the pilot, the LL-ERF was designed and managed by a consortium of local actors in each of the three pilot sites. Feedback from communities showed that this funding facility helped reduce suffering caused by low-attention disasters. This learning report identifies good practices and challenges and documents the experience of local actors in managing funds and designing response options. The learning in this report presents opportunities to explore how best to increase and direct funding to local actors. At the same time, it identifies barriers encountered during the LL-ERF Project that stakeholders in this sector must continue to overcome together.

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Bailey, Moriah, Stephanie Bernard, Amanda Brown i Bruce Donald. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Home Rule State Law Fact Sheet. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.), grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122714.

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This Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Home Rule State Law Fact Sheet discusses the collection of laws related to local government autonomy to establish and fund local EMS for five US states: Alabama, California, Georgia, Massachusetts, and Ohio. This fact sheet walks through the types of state laws analyzed by public health attorneys between January 2021 and January 2022.

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Bolton, Laura. Global Health Funds and Humanitarian Programming. Institute of Development Studies, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.144.

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There is a lack of reporting on the connection between Humanitarian Country Team Health Clusters and the three funds (the Global Fund, the Gavi Alliance, and the Global Financing Facility (GFF)), both generally and for the three countries of focus (Mozambique, Uganda, and Nigeria). The Global Fund is noted to partner with the Global Health Cluster but details were not identified within the scope of this report. Global Fund A Global Fund board meeting report and a review of Fund investments in challenging operating environments notes partnering and joining with the Global Health Clusters but does not give detail of specific countries. The Global Fund does not include Mozambique or Uganda in their list of challenging operating environments. There are reports of emergency funding being allocated for refugees in Uganda, and for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Mozambique. Countries are encouraged to include refugees in their funding requests to the Global Fund. Some Global Fund supported operations for HIV treatment in Mozambique have been interrupted as people receiving treatment fled from violence. Partners in provinces where the displaced are arriving are implementing emergency plans to maintain continuity of care. A Global Fund initiative for removing human-rights barriers to health treatment does not list refugees or IDPs as vulnerable groups for HIV programming. The same initiative in Uganda did specifically support distribution of nets to help prevent malaria. A 2017 audit report on Global Fund grant management in high-risk environments found inadequate early warning mechanisms to identify risk levels of grants. Gavi Alliance Gavi Alliance policy documentation states that a flexible and tailored approach is taken to achieve equity in fragile or emergency situations and for the needs of displaced populations. Requests for flexible support are based on specific needs which must be justified. The policy puts a strong emphasis on ensuring the inclusion of displaced populations. It encourages governments to provide immunisations independent of residency and legal status. They provide extra support where justified for displaced people. Very little information on Gavi activity in the countries of focus for this report was found. Global Financing Facility The GFF 2021-2025 strategy reports offering support in complex humanitarian settings but detail is not included. An earlier report describes GFF support in Nigeria where the Facility were able to finance a targeted project in a short timeframe. Distinction is made between this type of support and emergency support which is not part of the design of the GFF and is unable to quickly release lifesaving funds in emergency situations. The short timeframe funding was provided to support the Nigerian State Health Investment Project where violence had disrupted health services and where health indicators were poor. Mobile health teams were contracted out to hard-to-reach areas. Outreach included psychosocial support.

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Vingre, Anete, Peter Kolarz i Billy Bryan. On your marks, get set, fund! Rapid responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, kwiecień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.538.

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This paper presents findings from an analysis of seven multidisciplinary national research funders’ responses to COVID-19. We posit that while some parts of research and innovation funding responses to COVID-19 were ‘pandemic responses’ in the conventional biomedical sense, other parts were thematically far broader and are better termed ‘societal emergency’ funding. This type of funding activity was unprecedented for many funders. Yet, it may signal a new/additional mission for research funders, which may be required to tackle future societal emergencies, medical or otherwise. Urgency (i.e., the need to deploy funding quickly) is a key distinguishing theme in these funding activities. This paper explores the different techniques that funders used to substantially speed up their application and assessment processes to ensure research on COVID-19 could commence as quickly as possible. Funders used a range of approaches, both before application submission (call design, application lengths and formats) and after (review and decision-making processes). Our research highlights a series of trade-offs, at the heart of which are concerns around simultaneously ensuring the required speed as well as the quality of funding-decisions. We extract some recommendations for what a generic ‘societal emergency’ funding toolkit might include to optimally manage these tensions in case national research funders are called upon again to respond to future crises.

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McCall, Jamie, Brittany Weston, James Onorevole, John Roberson i Jamie Andrews. Extraordinary Times Call for Extraordinary Measures: Use of Loans and Grants for Small Business Assistance During the COVID-20 Pandemic. Carolina Small Business Development Fund and ResilNC, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/extraordinary.times.

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The financial losses caused by COVID-19 are extraordinary in scope and have affected every facet of the small business ecosystem. For entrepreneurs, recovery from the pandemic has similarly required extraordinary levels of assistance. We assess the connection between COVID-19 grant and loan emergency interventions with a variety of positive community economic development impacts. Our analysis draws from a survey of aid recipients across ten COVID-19 relief programs offered or administered by Carolina Small Business Development Fund between February 2020 and February 2022. The data highlight three main findings. First, while the pandemic’s economic damage was high across all underprivileged communities, in many cases the harms disproportionately accrued to Black-owned firms. Second, the results show that grant initiatives are better for short-term financial stability and are likely to position recipients for future financing opportunities. Finally, disaster loans are favored for outcomes related to higher employment retention and a creating a more favorable business sentiment outlook.

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Carter, Becky, Abeer Al-Absi i Paul Harvey. Sustaining Yemeni Capacities for Social Assistance: Lessons From a Decade of War. Institute of Development Studies, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2024.006.

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Yemen has sometimes been held up as an impressive example of how existing social protection systems and capacities can be maintained and supported even during a prolonged war. While providing support to meet immediate life-saving needs is the humanitarian priority in Yemen, aid organisations also want to ensure that recurrent emergency operations are delivered in a way that will support, and not undermine, national reconstruction and rehabilitation for a post-conflict Yemen. Through a literature review and interviews with Yemeni and international stakeholders conducted in 2022 and 2023, this study has interrogated that narrative, examining the evidence on what capacities are being supported, and what that means for the effective provision of assistance through a protracted crisis. It is important to acknowledge the enormous challenges all actors in Yemen must confront in trying to find ways to help people survive in the face of conflict and other shocks. Widespread conflict, insecurity, and contested governance have made providing assistance extremely hard. The huge scale of need has also necessitated one of the biggest aid operations in the world, creating incentives for control and diversion. In the face of these challenges, focusing on the two main social assistance operations in Yemen – the World Food Programme’s General Food Assistance Programme and the World Bank’s Unconditional Cash Transfer Programme (implemented by the United Nations Children’s Fund and the Social Fund for Development, with the Social Welfare Fund) – this study has found impressive achievements in getting assistance to people, and in maintaining and strengthening Yemeni organisational and individual capacities. However, while some capacities have been maintained and built, others have been relatively neglected (in particular, valuable capacities for community engagement and accountability, which are vital for achieving more inclusive and conflict-sensitive approaches), whereas others (around the highly politicised issues of targeting and transfer value) have been difficult to tackle. The study found that partnerships with Yemeni non-governmental organisations are narrowly subcontractual and limited to managing distribution, with only a small proportion of funding directly reaching national organisations. Overall, the process of providing external support for ‘capacity strengthening’ of national actors is somewhat opaque. More coordinated strategic efforts to support local capacities, informed by shared analysis and learning from past endeavours, could help improve future social assistance interventions.

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Quak, Evert-jan. Lessons Learned from Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Programmes that Operate in Fragile or Conflict Affected Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.133.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature on how community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programmes could be adapted in settings of conflict and fragility. It identifies multiple factors affecting the quality and effectiveness of CMAM services including the health system, community engagement and linkages with other programmes, including education, sanitation, and early childhood development. Family MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference) is a useful tool to increase community participation and detect early cases of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) more effectively and less likely to require inpatient care. The literature does not say a lot about m-Health solutions (using mobile devises and applications) in data collection and surveillance systems. Many of the above-mentioned issues are relevant for CMAM programmes in settings of non-emergency, emergency, conflict and fragility. However, there are special circumstance in conflict and fragile settings that need adaptation and simplification of the standard protocols. Because of a broken or partly broken health system in settings of conflict and fragility, local governments are not able to fund access to adequate inpatient and outpatient treatment centres. NGOs and humanitarian agencies are often able to set up stand-alone outpatient therapeutic programmes or mobile centres in the most affected regions. The training of community health volunteers (CHVs) is important and implementing Family MUAC. Importantly, research shows that: Low literacy of CHVs is not a problem to achieve good nutritional outcomes as long as protocols are simplified. Combined/simplified protocols are not inferior to standard protocols. However, due to complexities and low funding, treatment is focused on SAM and availability for children with MAM is far less prioritised, until they deteriorate to SAM. There is widespread confusion about combined/simplified protocol terminology and content, because there is no coherence at the global level.

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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee i Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Orlando, United States of America. Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007015.

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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. As an international destination for theme parks, sporting events and conventions, Orlando approaches the smart city operation through Orlando Operations Center (OOC), an integrated facility established in 2001 by the Mayor after the 1997 hurricane. The major features of the integrated operation include the sharing of fiber optic networks and CCTV cameras, and close cooperation between transport, police and fire departments for road, criminal and disaster incident, and the emergency operation center within the OOC taking the lead in case of special event management and large-scale natural disasters. Along with the OOC, the city hall also utilizes smart city functions such as red light violation enforcement through detectors, bus management through AVL technology, GPS garbage truck tracking, and GIS water management. Orlando has experienced significant benefits in terms of shortened decision-making and response time, reduced operation cost, and improved environmental impacts, as well as enhanced service quality and communication with citizen.

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