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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „EMC disturbances”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 stycznia 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "EMC disturbances"

Katulski i Namiotko. "Topological Model of an Electromagnetic Environment Inside a Ship for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Analysis". Applied Sciences 9, nr 20 (12.10.2019): 4293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204293.

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The mutual electromagnetic (EM) interactions between electrical and electronic devices in a segmented space, such as a ship’s environment, are described. Knowledge of EM interference signal (EM disturbance) distribution is important when setting correct locations for electrical and electronic equipment in a ship’s environment. Firstly, the topological structure of a ship’s segmented internal environment (under the main deck), which consists of many electrical screening walls (shielding planes), is presented. The planes attenuate the EM disturbances. Then, taking into account the ship’s topological structure, a general description of the EM disturbance distribution, called the ship’s topological electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) model, is formulated using matrix expressions. This model includes EM disturbances that radiate from a ship’s own internal sources (located under the main deck) and/or external sources (located above the main deck), and/or that radiate from extraneous external sources, i.e., from other ships and/or aircrafts. A description of the model for an example EMC ship scenario and a partial verification of its measurements are shown and discussed. Finally, a discussion of the usefulness of the proposed model in an analysis of a ship’s EMC conditions concludes this study.

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Karami, Hamidreza, Marcos Rubinstein, Farhad Rachidi, Christophe Perrenoud, Emmanuel de Raemy, Pascal Kraehenbuehl i Arturo Mediano. "EMC Impact of Disturbances Generated by Multiple Sources". Electronics 11, nr 21 (29.10.2022): 3530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213530.

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In this paper, the impact of an increasing number of arbitrary electrical/electronic devices on the overall radiated emissions is investigated. Understanding and quantifying such an impact are prerequisites to the proper evaluation of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of various electronic systems and devices and, if needed, to revisiting the international standards. To evaluate the radiated emissions from multiple electronic devices, each arbitrary electronic device is characterized using an equivalent Huygens’s surface, in which the tangential components of electric and magnetic near fields are calculated (or measured). The radiated emission from the arbitrary electronic device can be calculated using the electric and magnetic near fields for an arbitrary phase (correlated or uncorrelated), position, and orientation. The influence of several parameters affecting the radiated emissions from multiple arbitrary electronic devices, including the number of disturbance sources, the polarization of each device, the radiation pattern of each device, the location and orientation of each device, and the phase shifts between devices, are analyzed. The numerical results show that the mentioned parameters have a significant effect on the radiated emissions, and cannot be neglected in EMC considerations. In general, increasing the number of electronic devices leads to an increase in the level of radiated emissions. However, the increase depends on other parameters such as the arrangement (the radiation pattern for each device, the distance between the devices, and the orientation and/or polarization of each device). The proposed method can be straightforwardly applied to devices characterized by near-field measurements or multimodular large equipment with long cables.

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Brodecki, Dariusz, Ernest Stano, Mateusz Andrychowicz i Piotr Kaczmarek. "EMC of Wideband Power Sources". Energies 14, nr 5 (7.03.2021): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051457.

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In this paper the results of the EMC tests of the wideband power sources: the PWM-based power source and audio power amplifier are discussed. They are intended to be used to supply the measuring system developed for evaluation of the wideband transformation accuracy of instrument transformers. Therefore, it is required to detect possible interferences that may be caused by the power supply to its operation and that may cause a decrease in its accuracy. The tests concern the conducted emission in the frequencies range from 150 kHz to 30 MHz and the radiated emission in the frequencies range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz. Moreover, the level of conducted disturbances in frequencies range from 100 Hz to 5 kHz generated into the supplying current is measured and the immunity of both wideband power sources to low frequency conductive disturbances in the supplying voltage and current is tested. Then, the voltage gain error and phase shift of the output voltage are measured. The EMC tests of both power sources show lack of compliance with the requirement of the standard IEC 61326-1. However, in system application of the audio power amplifier is possible if required increased immunity to conducted emission of the measuring system is ensured.

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Mazurek, Paweł. "Chosen Aspects of the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Plasma Reactors with Gliding Arc Discharges". Applied Sciences 10, nr 11 (29.05.2020): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113789.

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This paper presents an analysis of electromagnetic disturbance interactions inside the three-phase gliding arc plasma generation installation. This is the main part of the electromagnetic compatibility analysis of the reactor installation. All elements of the nonthermal plasma installation are described from the point of view of disturbance generation and their influence on the power supply system. The analysis is based on the results of tests carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Directive and harmonised standards. The disturbances measured are large, over 20 dB above the limits. The disturbances measured allow valid conclusions to be reached in relation to this type of installation. The implication is the need for plasma reactors designed with elements that reduce radiated and conducted interference.

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Hubacz, Marcin, Dariusz Klepacki, Kazimierz Kuryło, Bartosz Pawłowicz, Wiesław Sabat i Bartosz Trybus. "Analysis of Electromagnetic Disturbances Generated by an Autonomous RFID-Based Navigation Robot". Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 63, nr 2 (19.03.2019): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.13461.

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The paper discusses the issue of EMC compatibility of autonomous navigation robots that utilize the RFID technology for surface discovery. The robots can work individually or in a group in environments equipped with RFID transponders. The need to examine EMC compatibility of such robots is pointed out, so that they can work and communicate without disturbing other devices or each other. Measurements and analysis of electromagnetic disturbances generated by a prototype of a navigation mobile robot has been carried out. Results of the measurements for the model of the robot are presented. Factors determining generation of the disturbances in the model are pointed out.

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Asmanis, Gundars, Leonids Ribickis i Vladimirs Novikovs. "Troubleshooting of Matrix Frequency Converter Conducted and Radiated Emissions". Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Power and Electrical Engineering 27, nr 1 (1.01.2010): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10144-010-0038-7.

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Troubleshooting of Matrix Frequency Converter Conducted and Radiated EmissionsMatrix converter inherently exhibits sinusoidal input current waveforms and has less stressful output voltage waveforms, but it is causing problems with conducted and radiated emissions. This paper deals with matrix converter emitted disturbances from point of view of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard EN61800-3 and allocates the sources of undesirable emissions using standard equipment used for EMC assessment according to variety international EMC standards and discusses methodology of troubleshooting flow, using low cost equipment available in almost every laboratory of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering.

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Grganić, Hrvoje, Marko Valjak, Gregor Škorc i Luka Romac. "Ensuring Electromagnetic Compatibility in Nuclear Power Plant beyond Equipment Qualification Tests". Journal of Energy - Energija 68, nr 2-3 (8.07.2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2019682-3190.

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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is defined as the capability of equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that same environment [1]. EMC regulatory requirements for instrumentation and control (I&C) equipment were not developed or in effect until the last few years. Therefore, there is a considerable number of plant equipment that has not been qualified for EMC. The current EMC regulatory requirements address new and modified equipment only, and do not call for testing of existing equipment. There is a gap, which has to be overcome, in order to understand the current level of EMC within the plant. Equipment qualification normally implies formal tests in EMC chambers, which is not practical for the equipment already installed. This paper is a short overview of the preparation phase of a project that includes various EMC-related activities currently being performed in Krško nuclear power plant (NPP). The activities are categorized into two main groups: equipment immunity (susceptibility) tests, used as an assessment of the immunity of the existing equipment such as process cabinets, transmitters and similar, and zone mapping measurements, which are performed to record the electromagnetic environment of the selected plant areas. There is no clear, detailed and unambiguous guidance on how to perform any of these tests. It takes a lot of engineering judgement to optimize them for a specific plant. Some of the most important questions addressed in this paper are 1) the selection of the plant areas for zone mapping measurements and susceptible equipment to be tested for immunity, 2) choice of electromagnetic disturbances, which shall be simulated during those tests, and 3) practical performance, i.e. harmonization of immunity tests with operation of other plant systems. It is necessary to decide which operation mode poses the “worst-case”, i.e. how and when the immunity tests and zone mapping measurement should be performed. The paper also addresses troubleshooting of poor EMC design and installation practices, which can significantly reduce the number of EMC-related problems in a plant.

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Chand, B., T. Kut i S. Dickmann. "Optimal design of active EMC filters". Advances in Radio Science 11 (4.07.2013): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-11-243-2013.

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Abstract. A recent trend in automotive industry is adding electrical drive systems to conventional drives. The electrification allows an expansion of energy sources and provides great opportunities for environmental friendly mobility. The electrical powertrain and its components can also cause disturbances which couple into nearby electronic control units and communication cables. Therefore the communication can be degraded or even permanently disrupted. To minimize these interferences, different approaches are possible. One possibility is to use EMC filters. However, the diversity of filters is very large and the determination of an appropriate filter for each application is time-consuming. Therefore, the filter design is determined by using a simulation tool including an effective optimization algorithm. This method leads to improvements in terms of weight, volume and cost.

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Ivo Uglešić, Miroslav Křepela i Viktor Milardić. "Solving EMC problems in the design of new HV test laboratory". Journal of Energy - Energija 59, nr 1-4 (22.08.2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2010591-4281.

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The paper deals with solving electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems in the design of a new, case study, industrial high voltage test laboratory, intended to be used for testing of transformers and other apparatus up to 550 kV rated voltage. Modern high voltage test facilities are equipped, apart from primary test devices like AC, DC and impulse voltage generators etc., also with sophisticated numerical measuring instruments and informatics technology. Since such devices are sensitive to transient overvoltages, the highest degree of EMC is to be secured. This can be achieved by proper earthing and screening of test laboratory, what shall be designed in a way to satisfy all requirements conditioned by building lightning protection, personal protection and system earthing, avoiding electromagnetic compatibility disturbances at the same time. One of the main tasks is solving electromagnetic compatibility problems caused by outdoor electromagnetic disturbances originating from various unknown sources. Those disturbances and interferences may seriously influence measuring accuracy and readings of test devices, what consequently leads to false results. The stated is especially relating to partial discharge measurements. As to avoid such disturbances, the laboratory shall be completely screened with a net forming optimally designed Faraday cage. On the other hand, at high voltage tests with impulse voltages, especially with chopped tail waves, steep transient overvoltages may be generated. As a consequence, high transient potential differences between particular points along the earth electrode may occur, what can even lead to flashovers between parts of it. Therefore is of utmost importance to provide proper earthing and low inductance current return path for impulse high voltage test equipment where high frequency transients are to be anticipated. Improper earthing and bonding may result, apart from mentioned flashovers, in severe induced voltages in secondary cables with consequential influence on test results, possible destruction of measuring instruments and hazardous touch voltages for personnel. For analyzing transient potential differences, it is important to model, with maximum accuracy, impulse test circuit (impulse generator, chopping spark gap, voltage divider, Faraday cage, fundament earth electrode, earthing strips, earthing rods etc.). Magnitude of transient potential difference between particular points is proportional to earth electrode inductance, i.e. low inductance of earth electrode will result in decrease of transient potential difference.

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GHALEM, Sara, Abdelber BENDAOUD, Houcine MILOUDI, Mohamed Hamza BERMAKI, Mohamed MILOUDI i Abdelhakim ZEGHOUDI. "Prediction of Conducted Disturbances Generated by a DC/DC Converter". Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 26 (30.12.2023): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1411082.

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This paper introduces a detailed approach to model and simulate conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the time domain using Lt-Spice software. The focus of the study is on the Buck converter, with the aim of identifying and characterizing electromagnetic disturbance sources arising from the power supply. The research also seeks to analyze their propagation paths and examine the impact of switch selection and control parameters on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) signature of the converter. The proposed methodology employs a comprehensive modeling strategy that accounts for the interactions between various converter components and their associated parasitic elements. By accurately representing the electrical and magnetic fields in the time domain, the simulation captures the dynamic behavior of the system, allowing for a realistic assessment of conducted disturbances. The research begins with a thorough examination of the power supply and its switching behavior. Key device characteristics, including switching frequency, voltage, and current waveforms, are carefully analyzed to understand their influence on conducted EMI. Additionally, the model integrates parasitic elements linked to the power device, such as inductive and capacitive components, to address their impact on electromagnetic emissions. Furthermore, the study delves into the propagation paths of conducted disturbances, considering the parasitic elements of the converter's layout, such as PCB traces, cables, and connectors. It evaluates the effects of these elements on electromagnetic emissions, providing insights into propagation mechanisms and potential coupling paths. Various switch types, such as MOSFET or IGBT, are examined, and their effects on conducted EMI are evaluated. Through comprehensive simulations and analysis, the paper offers valuable insights into the conducted disturbances generated by the DC/DC converter, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the system's electromagnetic behavior. The findings presented in this study can inform the design and optimization of DC/DC converters, facilitating the development of more EMC-friendly solutions.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "EMC disturbances"

Vídenka, Rostislav. "Některé otázky předcertifikačních testů EMC". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233518.

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This doctoral thesis deals with EMC pre-compliance testing of radiated disturbance. The thesis summarizes present pieces of knowledge about restricting of disturbing ambient signals and focuses on restricting of test site imperfection influence on the measurement results. Pre-compliance test site “calibration” uses comparison signal sources. There were added up the recommendations for “calibration” steps, too. The semi-anechoic vs. fully-anechoic chambers measurements results were compared. Some methods for dealing with ambient disturbing signals were discussed and high attention was applied to the test site choice and the minimal dimension geometry was recommended. There are presented recommendations for pre-compliance radiated disturbance measurements in the conclusion with the stress on available test equipment.

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Jurka, Tomáš. "Nestandardní testy elektroměrů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221217.

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This thesis covers a brief overview of the development of the energy meter technology as well as a division of the modern energy meters and a description of the functions of electromechanical and static energy meters. The thesis also contains a list and a simple description of the type tests in compliance with the applicable standards relevant to the energy meters. Furthermore, the thesis describes the impact of differential disturbances in the band from 2 kHz to 250 kHz. The paper also defines the IEC-61000-4-19 standard and describes the testing system for measuring the impact of differential disturbances in the band from 2 kHz to 150 kHz. The thesis includes a description of the data acquisition software that was created in the Matlab program. The final part of the paper focuses on a description of the results of parametric tests and the proposal for their adjustments.

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Derkacz, Pawel. "Convertisseur GaN optimisé vis-à-vis de la CEM". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT067.

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Cette thèse étudie les possibilités de réduction des interférences électromagnétiques pour les convertisseurs d'électroniques de puissance utilisant des transistors GaN dans trois domaines principaux: la stratégie de contrôle, la conception des circuits imprimés ainsi que l'agencement des composants de puissance et les éléments magnétiques à haute fréquence. Sur la base d'un convertisseur Buck, l’impact de la contribution de la commutation dure et douce sur le bruit conduit généré (mode commun (CM) et mode différentiel (DM)) a été étudiée. L'effet positif de la commutation douce sur la réduction des perturbations CEM dans une gamme de fréquence spécifique a été démontré. L'impact des attributs de la conception de l'agencement a également été observé et la nécessité de l'optimiser a été soulignée. Ensuite, une étude détaillée de l'identification des éléments parasites dans un seul bras d'onduleur est présentée. Des domaines spécifiques de préoccupation ont été détaillés et examinés plus loin dans la thèse. Le flux de travail de simulation développé dans Digital Twin utilisé pour étudier l'impact des éléments de disposition individuels sur la CEM est présenté. Le banc d'essai de laboratoire utilisé pour les mesures CEM est également présenté, ainsi qu'une description des précautions nécessaires. En outre, les deux concepts clés mis en œuvre dans l'agencement - le blindage et le Power-Chip-on-Chip (PCoC) - sont présentés. Leur efficacité dans la réduction des interférences électromagnétiques de près de 20~dB a été confirmée par la simulation et l'expérimentation. Enfin, le concept d'inducteur intégré est présenté, qui peut être mis en œuvre en même temps que les solutions précédentes. L'efficacité d'un inducteur intégré planaire connecté au point central du pont a été démontrée par des études de simulation. La méthode de l'auteur pour identifier l'impédance de l'inducteur intégré et les principaux éléments parasites (en termes de CEM) a également été développée et présentée en détail. En conclusion, ce travail présente une série de solutions qui réduisent de manière significative l'EMI dans les convertisseurs à base de GaN, qui ont été validées par simulation et expérience et qui peuvent être appliquées à tous les types de convertisseurs électroniques de puissance
The thesis investigates the possibility of EMI mitigation for power electronic converters with GaN transistors in three key areas: control strategy, layout design, and integrated magnetic filter. Based on a Buck converter, the contribution of hard and soft switching to the generated conducted noise (Common Mode (CM) and Differential Mode (DM)) has been investigated. The positive effect of soft switching on EMI reduction in a specific frequency range was demonstrated. The impact of layout design attributes was also observed and the need to optimize it was highlighted. Next, a detailed study of the identification of parasitic elements in a single inverter leg is presented. Specific areas of concern were detailed and considered later in the thesis. The developed simulation workflow in Digital Twin used to study the impact of individual layout elements on EMC is presented. The laboratory test bench used for EMC measurements is also presented, together with a description of the necessary experimental precautions. Furthermore, the two key concepts implemented in the layout - shielding and Power-Chip-on-Chip (PCoC) - are presented. Their effectiveness in reducing EMI by almost 20~dB was confirmed by simulation and experiment. Finally, the Integrated Inductor concept is presented, which can be implemented together with the previous solutions. The effectiveness of a planar Integrated Inductor connected to the middle point of the bridge was demonstrated by simulation studies. The author's method for identifying the impedance of the Integrated Inductor and the key parasitic elements (in terms of EMC) has also been developed and presented in details. In conclusion, the work presents a series of solutions that significantly reduce EMI in GaN-based converters, which have been validated by simulation and experiment and can be applied to all types of power electronic converters

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Lim, Hong Sun. "Design and Control of A Ropeless Elevator with Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Actuation Systems". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26541.

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Linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) drives are investigated and proved as an alternative actuator for vertical linear transportation applications such as a linear elevator. A one-tenth scaled prototype elevator focused on a home elevator with LSRMs is designed and extensive experimental correlation is presented for the first time. The proposed LSRM has twin stators and a set of translator poles without back-iron. The translators are placed between the two stators. The design procedures and features of the LSRM and the prototype elevator are described. The designed LSRM is validated through a finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental measurements. Furthermore, a control strategy for the prototype elevator is introduced consisting of four control loops, viz., current, force, velocity, and position feedback control loops. For force control, a novel force distribution function (FDF) is proposed and compared with conventional FDFs. A trapezoidal velocity profile is introduced to control vertical travel position smoothly during the elevator's ascent, descent, and halt operations. Conventional proportional plus integral (PI) controller is used for the current and velocity control loops and their designs are described. The proposed control strategy is dynamically simulated and experimentally correlated. Analytical and experimental results of this research prove that LSRMs are one of the strong candidates for ropeless linear elevator applications. However, the proposed FDF is assuming that the feedback current signals are ideal currents indicating actual phase currents without any measurement disturbances mainly arising from sensor noise, DC-link voltage ripple, measurement offset, and variations in the plant model. Meanwhile, real control systems in industry have measurement disturbance problems. Phase current corrupted by measurement disturbances increases torque or force ripple, acoustic noise and EMI. Therefore, this dissertation also presents a novel current control method to suppress measurement disturbances without extra hardware. The controller is based on an extended state observer (ESO) and a nonlinear P controller (NLP). The proposed method does not require an accurate mathematical model of system and can be implemented on a low-cost DSP controller. The proposed ESO is exploited to estimate the measurement disturbances on measured phase currents, and the proposed NLP compensates for the measurement disturbances estimated by the ESO. The performance of the proposed current control is validated through extensive dynamic simulations and experiments. Moreover, this rejection of measurement disturbances results in a reduction of force ripple and acoustic noise. Due to superior and robust current control performance, it is believed that the proposed method can be successfully applied into other motor drive systems to suppress measurement disturbances with the same promising results without extra hardware.
Ph. D.

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Welch, Torrence David Jesse. "A feedback model for the evaluation of the adaptive changes to temporal muscle activation patterns following postural disturbance". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29674.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Ting, Lena; Committee Member: Chang, Young-Hui; Committee Member: Nichols, T. Richard; Committee Member: Schumacher, Eric; Committee Member: Thoroughman, Kurt. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Boora, Arash Abbasalizadeh. "Flexible high-power multi DC-DC converters for train systems". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/33208/1/Arash_Boora_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis reports on the investigations, simulations and analyses of novel power electronics topologies and control strategies. The research is financed by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage (07-09) grant. Therefore, in addition to developing original research and contributing to the available knowledge of power electronics, it also contributes to the design of a DC-DC converter for specific application to the auxiliary power supply in electric trains. Specifically, in this regard, it contributes to the design of a 7.5 kW DC-DC converter for the industrial partner (Schaffler and Associates Ltd) who supported this project. As the thesis is formatted as a ‘thesis by publication’, the contents are organized around published papers. The research has resulted in eleven papers, including seven peer reviewed and published conference papers, one published journal paper, two journal papers accepted for publication and one submitted journal paper (provisionally accepted subject to few changes). In this research, several novel DC-DC converter topologies are introduced, analysed, and tested. The similarity of all of the topologies devised lies in their ‘current circulating’ switching state, which allows them to store some energy in the inductor, as extra inductor current. The stored energy may be applied to enhance the performance of the converter in the occurrence of load current or input voltage disturbances. In addition, when there is an alternating load current, the ability to store energy allows the converter to perform satisfactorily despite frequently and highly varying load current. In this research, the capability of current storage has been utilised to design topologies for specific applications, and the enhancement of the performance of the considered applications has been illustrated. The simplest DC-DC converter topology, which has a ‘current circulating’ switching state, is the Positive Buck-Boost (PBB) converter (also known as the non-inverting Buck-Boost converter). Usually, the topology of the PBB converter is operating as a Buck or a Boost converter in applications with widely varying input voltage or output reference voltage. For example, in electric railways (the application of our industrial partner), the overhead line voltage alternates from 1000VDC to 500VDC and the required regulated voltage is 600VDC. In the course of this research, our industrial partner (Schaffler and Associates Ltd) industrialized a PBB converter–the ‘Mudo converter’–operating at 7.5 kW. Programming the onboard DSP and testing the PBB converter in experimental and nominal power and voltage was part of this research program. In the earlier stages of this research, the advantages and drawbacks of utilization of the ‘current circulating’ switching state in the positive Buck-Boost converter were investigated. In brief, the advantages were found to be robustness against input voltage and current load disturbances, and the drawback was extra conduction and switching loss. Although the robustness against disturbances is desirable for many applications, the price of energy loss must be minimized to attract attention to the utilization of the PBB converter. In further stages of this research, two novel control strategies for different applications were devised to minimise the extra energy loss while the advantages of the positive Buck-Boost converter were fully utilized. The first strategy is Smart Load Controller (SLC) for applications with pre-knowledge or predictability of input voltage and/or load current disturbances. A convenient example of these applications is electric/hybrid cars where a master controller commands all changes in loads and voltage sources. Therefore, the master controller has a pre-knowledge of the load and input voltage disturbances so it can apply the SLC strategy to utilize robustness of the PBB converter. Another strategy aiming to minimise energy loss and maximise the robustness in the face of disturbance is developed to cover applications with unexpected disturbances. This strategy is named Dynamic Hysteresis Band (DHB), and is used to manipulate the hysteresis band height after occurrence of disturbance to reduce dynamics of the output voltage. When no disturbance has occurred, the PBB converter works with minimum inductor current and minimum energy loss. New topologies based on the PBB converter have been introduced to address input voltage disturbances for different onboard applications. The research shows that the performance of applications of symmetrical/asymmetrical multi-level diode-clamped inverters, DC-networks, and linear-assisted RF amplifiers may be enhanced by the utilization of topologies based on the PBB converter. Multi-level diode-clamped inverters have the problem of DC-link voltage balancing when the power factor of their load closes to unity. This research has shown that this problem may be solved with a suitable multi-output DC-DC converter supplying DClink capacitors. Furthermore, the multi-level diode-clamped inverters supplied with asymmetrical DC-link voltages may improve the quality of load voltage and reduce the level of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Mathematical analyses and experiments on supplying symmetrical and asymmetrical multi-level inverters by specifically designed multi-output DC-DC converters have been reported in two journal papers. Another application in which the system performance can be improved by utilization of the ‘current circulating’ switching state is linear-assisted RF amplifiers in communicational receivers. The concept of ‘linear-assisted’ is to divide the signal into two frequency domains: low frequency, which should be amplified by a switching circuit; and the high frequency domain, which should be amplified by a linear amplifier. The objective is to minimize the overall power loss. This research suggests using the current storage capacity of a PBB based converter to increase its bandwidth, and to increase the domain of the switching converter. The PBB converter addresses the industrial demand for a DC-DC converter for the application of auxiliary power supply of a typical electric train. However, after testing the industrial prototype of the PBB converter, there were some voltage and current spikes because of switching. To attenuate this problem without significantly increasing the switching loss, the idea of Active Gate Signalling (AGS) is presented. AGS suggests a smart gate driver that selectively controls the switching process to reduce voltage/current spikes, without unacceptable reduction in the efficiency of switching.

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Lyttkens, Peter. "Electromagnetic field and neurological disorders Alzheimer´s disease, why the problem is difficult and how to solve it". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380074.

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Chih-Wea, Tsai. "MRAM Write Disturbance Fault Modeling, Testing, and Diagnosis". 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0016-1303200709263519.

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Su, An-Jhih. "Control Relevant Issues in Semiconductor Manufacturing: Stability and Disturbance Rejection". 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1010200723124700.

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Kun-Ta, Yang. "Oxidative stress- and arachidonic acid-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial ion disturbances resulting in cell death". 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1905200521461600.

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Książki na temat "EMC disturbances"

Pardey, Lin. Storm tactics handbook: Modern methods of heaving-to for survival in extreme conditions. Shrewsbury: Waterline, 1996.

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Pardey, Lin. Storm tactics handbook: Modern methods of heaving-to for survival in extreme conditions. Vista, CA: Pardey Books, 1995.

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Harris, Mark Anglin. Geobiotechnological Solutions to Anthropogenic Disturbances: A Caribbean Perspective. Springer London, Limited, 2016.

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Harris, Mark. Geobiotechnological Solutions to Anthropogenic Disturbances: A Caribbean Perspective. Springer International Publishing AG, 2016.

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Harris, Mark Anglin. Geobiotechnological Solutions to Anthropogenic Disturbances: A Caribbean Perspective. Springer, 2018.

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Students with serious emotional disturbance: A legal guide to identification. Boise, Idaho: Eberharter-Maki, 1996.

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Costello, Kathleen, i Scott D. Newsome. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0085.

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Symptoms of MS can be categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary symptoms are those that are a direct result of CNS damage, such as fatigue, bladder dysfunction, visual disturbances, incoordination or imbalance, etc. Secondary symptoms are complications arising from these symptoms such as falls due to imbalance, spasticity or weakness, or UTI due to bladder retention. Tertiary symptoms are the social and vocational consequences of primary and secondary symptoms and can include divorce, job loss, financial hardship, and social isolation. Careful evaluation of these symptoms along with appropriate treatment and long-term follow-up can contribute to the quality of life for patients with MS.

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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson i Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 19-Year-Old Male with Stiffness and Weakness After Waking. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0026.

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The distinctive, but somewhat odd, development of intermittent “attacks” of weakness/stiffness define this disorder. Interview of the patient to determine the impact of diet (including timing, content and relationship of attack to fasting), activity, emotional stress, alcohol intake, cold exposure, time of day and physiologic perturbations (eg – electrolytes, infection, dehydration, etc) help to confirm and categorize the periodic paralysis. Periodic paralyses are most often associated with a genetic channelopathy. However, they can also occur as a result of a secondary causes including thyroid disturbance or distal renal tubular acidosis. The clinical picture, laboratory investigation, and treatment of this condition are presented.

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Guirao, Fernando. The European Rescue of the Franco Regime, 1950-1975. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861232.001.0001.

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This book explores how the governments of the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community, acting collectively via the European Communities, assisted in the consolidation of the Franco regime. The Six (the Nine after 1973) provided the Spanish economy with a stable supply of raw materials and capital goods and with outlet markets for Spain’s main export commodities. Through both mechanisms, the European Communities assisted Spain’s development and supported the stabilization of its non-democratic régime. From 1950 to the mid-1960s, the Six avoided every sign of discrimination against Spain. By the mid-1960s, they became conscious of the need to promote Spanish exports in order to expand their own exports on the Spanish market. By 1970, Madrid obtained an arrangement with the EEC that, free of any political conditionality, provided ample access to the Common Market while keeping the Spanish market essentially closed. After 1972, the Nine negotiated Franco Spain’s integration into a pan-European industrial free-trade area, in exchange for access to the Spanish market. It was the Spanish cabinet, at the last minute, for protection reasons, who decided to derail the offer. The Franco regime was never threatened by European integration and the Six/Nine managed to isolate negotiations with Spain from mounting political disturbance. In sum, without unremitting material assistance from Western Europe, it would have been considerably more challenging for the Franco regime to attain the stability that enabled the dictator to maintain his rule until dying peacefully at 82 years old.

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Shaibani, Aziz. Pseudoneurologic Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0022.

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The term functional has almost replaced psychogenic in the neuromuscular literature for two reasons. It implies a disturbance of function, not structural damage; therefore, it defies laboratory testing such as MRIS, electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction study (NCS). It is convenient to draw a parallel to the patients between migraine and brain tumors, as both cause headache, but brain MRI is negative in the former without minimizing the suffering of the patient. It is a “software” and not a “hardware” problem. It avoids irritating the patient by misunderstanding the word psychogenic which to many means “madness.”The cause of this functional impairment may fall into one of the following categories:• Conversion reaction: conversion of psychological stress to physical symptoms. This may include paralysis, hemisensory or distal sensory loss, or conversion spasms. It affects younger age groups.• Somatization: chronic multiple physical and cognitive symptoms due to chronic stress. It affects older age groups.• Factions disorder: induced real physical symptoms due to the need to be cared for, such as injecting oneself with insulin to produce hypoglycemia.• Hypochondriasis: overconcern about body functions such as suspicion of ALS due to the presence of rare fasciclutations that are normal during stress and after ingestion of a large amount of coffee. Medical students in particular are targets for this disorder.The following points are to be made on this topic. FNMD should be diagnosed by neuromuscular specialists who are trained to recognize actual syndrome whether typical or atypical. Presentations that fall out of the recognition pattern of a neuromuscular specialist, after the investigations are negative, they should be considered as FNMDs. Sometimes serial examinations are useful to confirm this suspicion. Psychatrists or psychologists are to be consulted to formulate a plan to discover the underlying stress and to treat any associated psychiatric disorder or psychological aberration. Most patients think that they are stressed due to the illness and they fail to connect the neuromuscular manifestations and the underlying stress. They offer shop around due to lack of satisfaction, especially those with somatization disorders. Some patients learn how to imitate certain conditions well, and they can deceive health care professionals. EMG and NCS are invaluable in revealing FNMD. A normal needle EMG of a weak muscles mostly indicates a central etiology (organic or functional). Normal sensory responses of a severely numb limb mean that a lesion is preganglionic (like roots avulsion, CISP, etc.) or the cause is central (a doral column lesion or functional). Management of FNMD is difficult, and many patients end up being chronic cases that wander into clinics and hospitals seeking solutions and exhausting the health care system with unnecessary expenses.It is time for these disorders to be studied in detail and be classified and have criteria set for their diagnosis so that they will not remain diagnosed only by exclusion. This chapter will describe some examples of these disorders. A video clip can tell the story better than many pages of writing. Improvement of digital cameras and electronic media has improved the diagnosis of these conditions, and it is advisable that patients record some of their symptoms when they happen. It is not uncommon for some Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), such as myasthenia gravis (MG), small fiber neuropathy, and CISP, to be diagnosed as functional due to the lack of solid physical findings during the time of the examination. Therefore, a neuromuscular evaluation is important before these disorders are labeled as such. Some patients have genuine NMDs, but the majority of their symptoms are related to what Joseph Marsden called “sickness behavior.” A patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may unconsciously develop numbness of the entire side of the body because he thinks that he may have a stroke.

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Części książek na temat "EMC disturbances"

Helvoort, Mark van, i Mathieu Melenhorst. "Barriers against conducted disturbances". W EMC for Installers, 123–62. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315119359-6.

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Helvoort, Mark van, i Mathieu Melenhorst. "Barriers against radiated disturbances". W EMC for Installers, 163–96. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315119359-7.

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Ping, Ji. "Power Quality Disturbances Detection Based on EMD". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 88–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14680-1_11.

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Calmfors, Lars, Harry Flam, Nils Gottfries, Janne Haaland Matlary, Magnus Jerneck, Rutger Lindahl, Christina Nordh Berntsson, Ewa Rabinowicz i Anders Vredin. "Macroeconomic Disturbances and Monetary Policy". W EMU — A Swedish Perspective, 61–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6183-5_5.

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Fang, Cheng-wu, Jing-jing Chen i Fu-yu Wang. "Construction of Emergency Material Disturbance Management Model Considering Demand Change". W IE&EM 2019, 165–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4530-6_17.

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Immenga, Ulrich, i Joachim Rudo. "Special features of the banking sector: Compatibility of subsidization “to relieve a major economic disturbance” (ART. 92,3 (C))". W Unlimited Liability of State-owned Banks under the EC-Rules of State Aids, 117–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95858-8_7.

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E. Martínez Santos, Luis, Roberto Linares y Miranda i Fermín P. Espino-Cortés. "Electromagnetic Spectrum of the Corona Discharge and Their Fundamental Frequency". W Recent Topics in Electromagnetic Compatibility. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101550.

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Historically, the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) began with the disturbances at the radio navigation systems generated by the electrical power distribution lines; hence it was referred to as Radio Interference (RI). This disturbance is an Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Although this type of EMI has been studied since the first decades of the past century, it still maintains a continued interest of the researchers, especially with the Corona Discharge (CD), generated by High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems. Because of its design criterion and the concern that this phenomenon may affect the new radio communication systems in the very high frequency (VHF), ultra high frequency (UHF), and microwave bands, interest in their studies continues. In this chapter, an analysis of the electromagnetic spectrum of the CD is presented. The CD is generated at a short transmission line located within a semi-anechoic chamber. To be sure of the phenomenon, the CD is identified by its current pulse, which is well studied. The instruments used are an oscilloscope of 2 GHz and 2 GS/s, a spectrum analyzer, and an EMI test receiver. The results show that the CD concentrates its energy at frequencies below 70 MHz. In the UHF band, only narrowband signals very separated were found, with levels that cannot affect radio communication systems.

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Nicolopoulou, Eleni P., Panagiotis K. Papastamatis i Ioannis F. Gonos. "Electromagnetic Transients". W Recent Trends on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for Aeronautics and Space Applications, 226–63. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4879-0.ch008.

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This chapter aims at presenting the current international standards and the recent bibliography regarding the transient phenomena associated with space systems, with emphasis on the EMC requirements. The first section of the chapter focuses on the description of the physical mechanisms causing transient electromagnetic phenomena in space. The second section reviews the procedures proposed for testing the immunity of space equipment against these transients, as described in the current space standards and in recent bibliography as non-standardized testing procedures. Finally, the last section investigates possible mitigation approaches and design guidelines against these electromagnetic disturbances, essential for every space system designer.

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Men, Qiang, Jiaming Cai, Junbi Tan i Xiangtao Fang. "Rotor Position Estimation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Disturbance Model". W Advances in Energy Research and Development. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aerd220035.

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Aiming at the high reliability of sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a back EMF estimator based on disturbance model is proposed. The back EMF in the assumed coordinate system is taken as the disturbance item of slow change, and the motor disturbance observation model is established. According to the characteristics of the observed back EMF, a phase-locked loop is designed to estimate the rotor speed and position. Through the analysis of the software simulation and physical verification results of the control model, it is proved that the observer model has high stability and adaptability for the estimation of the high and low speed operation region of the motor.

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Luna, Antoni Bayés de, i Marcelo V. Elizari. "Intraventricular conduction disturbances". W ESC CardioMed, 345–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0072.

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This chapter highlights the key concepts related to the electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis of intraventricular conduction disturbances, including right and left bundle branch block. In both cases, but especially in left bundle branch block, the chapter discusses the diagnosis when the block is at a proximal level and in the fascicles. This includes the ECG diagnosis of the superoanterior and inferoposterior fascicles of the left bundle (the hemiblocks). The possible diagnosis of the block of middle fibres (septal fascicle) of left bundle is briefly mentioned. Finally, the ECG criteria for the diagnosis of bifascicular and trifascicular block are described. In all cases, the most important clinical implications of each diagnosis are discussed.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "EMC disturbances"

de Groot, G. J. "RF-Disturbances on Telephone Lines". W 10th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 671–74. IEEE, 1993. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1993.10781165.

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Ichimura, Takashi, Takashi Kiyozuka, Katsumi Fujii, Akira Sugiura i Yasushi Matsumoto. "Harmonic Disturbances Coupled Between Multiple PCB Traces". W 2004_EMC-Europe_Eindhoven, 1–6. IEEE, 2004. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2004.10805815.

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Pirjola, Risto. "Geoelectromagnetic Disturbances and their Effects on Technological Systems". W 14th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exposition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1–7. IEEE, 2001. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2001.10791947.

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Djebari, B., L. Guérin i M. Gléonec. "Conducted E.M Disturbances on the Telecommunication Terminal Equipment Ports". W 1994_EMC-Europe_Roma, 54–59. IEEE, 1994. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1994.10777359.

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McEachern, Alexander. "Some Characteristic Signatures of Power Disturbances on AC Mains". W 8th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 125–30. IEEE, 1989. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1989.10779183.

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Bronaugh, Edwin L. "Measuring EMI Disturbances above 1 GHz: Instrumentation and its Application". W 14th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exposition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1–29. IEEE, 2001. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2001.10791929.

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Bronaugh, Edwin L. "Measuring EMI Disturbances above 1 GHz: Uncertainty of Measurement Instrumentation". W 14th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exposition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1–19. IEEE, 2001. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2001.10791902.

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Kappenman, John G., William A. Radasky i James L. Gilbert. "Electric Power Grid Vulnerability to Natural and Intentional Geomagnetic Disturbances". W 16th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exposition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 447–50. IEEE, 2005. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.2005.10806047.

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Goedbloed, J. J., i G. Jeschar. "RF Disturbances on Telephone-Subscriber Lines Induced by am Broadcasting Transmitters". W 8th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 537–42. IEEE, 1989. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1989.10779075.

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Lardellier, M., G. Rojat, E. Labouré i F. Costa. "Electromagnetic Disturbances in Commutation Cells for Different Technologies of Silicon Components". W 1994_EMC-Europe_Roma, 465–70. IEEE, 1994. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1994.10777338.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "EMC disturbances"

Kelic, Andjelka, Davyn Pierce-Montague, Logan Robinett, Kevin Stamber i Ross Guttromson. Literature Review of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Geomagnetic Disturbance (GMD) Effects on Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1838585.

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