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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "ELF-VLF waves"

1

Barr, R., D. Llanwyn Jones, and C. J. Rodger. "ELF and VLF radio waves." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 62, no. 17-18 (2000): 1689–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(00)00121-8.

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Chang, S. S., B. B. Ni, J. Bortnik, et al. "Resonant scattering of energetic electrons in the plasmasphere by monotonic whistler-mode waves artificially generated by ionospheric modification." Annales Geophysicae 32, no. 5 (2014): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-507-2014.

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Abstract. Modulated high-frequency (HF) heating of the ionosphere provides a feasible means of artificially generating extremely low-frequency (ELF)/very low-frequency (VLF) whistler waves, which can leak into the inner magnetosphere and contribute to resonant interactions with high-energy electrons in the plasmasphere. By ray tracing the magnetospheric propagation of ELF/VLF emissions artificially generated at low-invariant latitudes, we evaluate the relativistic electron resonant energies along the ray paths and show that propagating artificial ELF/VLF waves can resonate with electrons from ~ 100 keV to ~ 10 MeV. We further implement test particle simulations to investigate the effects of resonant scattering of energetic electrons due to triggered monotonic/single-frequency ELF/VLF waves. The results indicate that within the period of a resonance timescale, changes in electron pitch angle and kinetic energy are stochastic, and the overall effect is cumulative, that is, the changes averaged over all test electrons increase monotonically with time. The localized rates of wave-induced pitch-angle scattering and momentum diffusion in the plasmasphere are analyzed in detail for artificially generated ELF/VLF whistlers with an observable in situ amplitude of ~ 10 pT. While the local momentum diffusion of relativistic electrons is small, with a rate of < 10−7 s−1, the local pitch-angle scattering can be intense near the loss cone with a rate of ~ 10−4 s−1. Our investigation further supports the feasibility of artificial triggering of ELF/VLF whistler waves for removal of high-energy electrons at lower L shells within the plasmasphere. Moreover, our test particle simulation results show quantitatively good agreement with quasi-linear diffusion coefficients, confirming the applicability of both methods to evaluate the resonant diffusion effect of artificial generated ELF/VLF whistlers.
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Zhima, Zeren, Yunpeng Hu, Xuhui Shen, et al. "Storm-Time Features of the Ionospheric ELF/VLF Waves and Energetic Electron Fluxes Revealed by the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062617.

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This study reports the temporal and spatial distributions of the extremely/very low frequency (ELF/VLF) wave activities and the energetic electron fluxes in the ionosphere during an intense storm (geomagnetic activity index Dst of approximately −174 nT) that occurred on 26 August 2018, based on the observations by a set of detectors onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES). A good correlation of the ionospheric ELF/VLF wave activities with energetic electron precipitations during the various storm evolution phases was revealed. The strongest ELF/VLF emissions at a broad frequency band extending up to 20 kHz occurred from the near-end main phase to the early recovery phase of the storm, while the wave activities mainly appeared at the frequency range below 6 kHz during other phases. Variations in the precipitating fluxes were also spotted in correspondence with changing geomagnetic activity, with the max values primarily appearing outside of the plasmapause during active conditions. The energetic electrons at energies below 1.5 MeV got strong enhancements during the whole storm time on both the day and night side. Examinations of the half-orbit data showed that under the quiet condition, the CSES was able to depict the outer/inner radiation belt as well as the slot region well, whereas under disturbed conditions, such regions became less sharply defined. The regions poleward from geomagnetic latitudes over 50° were found to host the most robust electron precipitation regardless of the quiet or active conditions, and in the equatorward regions below 30°, flux enhancements were mainly observed during storm time and only occasionally in quiet time. The nightside ionosphere also showed remarkable temporal variability along with the storm evolution process but with relatively weaker wave activities and similar level of fluxes enhancement compared to the ones in the dayside ionosphere. The ELF/VLF whistler-mode waves recorded by the CSES mainly included structure-less VLF waves, structured VLF quasi-periodic emissions, and structure-less ELF hiss waves. A wave vector analysis showed that during storm time, these ELF/VLF whistler-mode waves obliquely propagated, mostly likely from the radiation belt toward the Earth direction. We suggest that energetic electrons in the high latitude ionosphere are most likely transported from the outer radiation belt as a consequence of their interactions with ELF/VLF waves.
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Platino, M., U. S. Inan, T. F. Bell, et al. "Cluster observations of ELF/VLF signals generated by modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF transmitter." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 7 (2004): 2643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-2643-2004.

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Abstract. It is now well known that amplitude modulated HF transmissions into the ionosphere can be used to generate ELF/VLF signals using the so-called "electrojet antenna". Although most observations of the generated ELF/VLF signals have been made on the ground, several low and high-altitude satellite observations have also been reported (James et al., 1990). One of the important unknowns in the physics of ELF/VLF wave generation by ionospheric heating is the volume of the magnetosphere illuminated by the ELF/VLF waves. In an attempt to investigate this question further, ground-satellite conjunction experiments have recently been conducted using the four Cluster satellites and the HF heater of the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Gakona, Alaska. Being located on largely closed field lines at L≈4.9, HAARP is currently also being used for ground-to-ground type of ELF/VLF wave-injection experiments, and will be increasingly used for this purpose as it is now being upgraded for higher power operation. In this paper, we describe the HAARP installation and present recent results of the HAARP-Cluster experiments. We give an overview of the detected ELF/VLF signals at Cluster, and a possible explanation of the spectral signature detected, as well as the determination of the location of the point of injection of the HAARP ELF/VLF signals into the magnetosphere using ray tracing.
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5

Guo, Zhe, Hanxian Fang, and Farideh Honary. "The Generation of ULF/ELF/VLF Waves in the Ionosphere by Modulated Heating." Universe 7, no. 2 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7020029.

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One of the most important effects of ionospheric modification by high power, high frequency (HF) waves is the generation of ultra low frequency/extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ULF/ELF/VLF) waves by modulated heating. This paper reviews the scientific achievements of the past five decades regarding the main mechanisms of excitation of ULF/ELF/VLF waves and discusses their characteristics, such as their electrojet dependency, the location of the source region, continuous and discontinuous waves, the number of HF arrays, and the suitable range of the modulation frequency for different proposed mechanisms. Finally, the outlook for future research in this area is presented.
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Błęcki, Jan, Roman Wronowski, Jan Słomiński, Sergey Savin, Rafał Iwański, and Roger Haagmans. "Comparative Study of the Energetic Electrons Registered Together with the Broad Band Emissions in Different Regions of the Ionosphere." Artificial Satellites 55, no. 4 (2020): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2020-0010.

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Abstract ELF/VLF waves have been registered in the outer polar cusps simultaneously with high energy electrons fluxes by the satellites Magion 4 (subsatellite to Interball 1), Polar and CLUSTER. Further, we discuss similar observations in the different regions of the ionosphere, where DEMETER registered energetic electrons. The DEMETER satellite operating on the nearly polar orbit at the altitude 650 km crossed different regions in the ionosphere. Registrations of ELF/VLF/HF waves together with the energetic electrons in the polar cusp, in the ionospheric trough and over thunderstorm areas are presented in this paper. The three satellites of ESA’s Swarm mission provide additional information on the ELF waves in the mentioned areas together with electron density and temperature. A brief discussion of the generation of these emissions by the so-called “fan instability” (FI) and beam instability is presented.
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7

Hayakawa, M., A. Schekotov, J. Izutsu, and A. P. Nickolaenko. "Seismogenic effects in ULF/ELF/VLF electromagnetic waves." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND APPLIED RESEARCH 06, no. 02 (2019): 1–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33665/ijear.2019.v06i02.001.

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Koshevaya, S., N. Makarets, V. Grimalsky, A. Kotsarenko, and R. Perez Enríquez. "Spectrum of the seismic-electromagnetic and acoustic waves caused by seismic and volcano activity." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 2 (2005): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-203-2005.

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Abstract. Modeling of the spectrum of the seismo-electromagnetic and acoustic waves, caused by seismic and volcanic activity, has been done. This spectrum includes the Electromagnetic Emission (EME, due to fracturing piezoelectrics in rocks) and the Acoustic Emission (AE, caused by the excitation and the nonlinear passage of acoustic waves through the Earth's crust, the atmosphere, and the ionosphere). The investigated mechanism of the EME uses the model of fracturing and the crack motion. For its analysis, we consider a piezoelectric crystal under mechanical stresses, which cause the uniform crack motion, and, consequently, in the vicinity of the moving crack also cause non-stationary polarization currents. A possible spectrum of EME has been estimated. The underground fractures produce Very Low (VLF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) acoustic waves, while the acoustic waves at higher frequencies present high losses and, on the Earth's surface, they are quite small and are not registered. The VLF acoustic wave is subject to nonlinearity under passage through the lithosphere that leads to the generation of higher harmonics and also frequency down-conversion, namely, increasing the ELF acoustic component on the Earth's surface. In turn, a nonlinear propagation of ELF acoustic wave in the atmosphere and the ionosphere leads to emerging the ultra low frequency (ULF) acousto-gravity waves in the ionosphere and possible local excitation of plasma waves.
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9

DOWDEN, Richard L. "Generation of VLF and ELF waves for active probing." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 40, no. 10 (1988): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.40.1131.

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Chen, Jing, Jutao Yang, Qingliang Li, et al. "ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (2022): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020228.

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Ground-based high-frequency modulated waves can periodically heat the ionosphere and create “virtual antennas”, which can radiate extremely low frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) waves for long-distance communication. Ionospheric X-mode and O-mode heating experiments using amplitude and beat-wave (BW) modulations were conducted on 21 November 2019. Experimental results were analyzed from multiple perspectives based on data from Dynasonde, a magnetometer, stimulated electromagnetic emissions, an ELF/VLF signal receiver, and ultra-high-frequency radar. The strongest excited ELF/VLF signals in previous BW modulation heating experiments were around 8–12 kHz; however, in this experiment, no signal excited in this frequency range was observed, and the signal with the highest signal/noise ratio was at the frequency of 3517 Hz, which will aid in understanding the best communication frequency under different ionospheric backgrounds. It is well-accepted that the electron temperature changes periodically with the modulation frequency. However, we noted that the electron temperature had insufficient cooling during the O-mode modulated heating process and then increased again, resulting in a continuous electron temperature increase. We found that this was related to the change in ion composition after analyzing ion-line spectra, which will be helpful in studying the effect of modulation heating on the ionosphere background.
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