Rozprawy doktorskie: „Electronic markets”

1

Neumann, Dirk Georg. "Market engineering a structured design process for electronic markets". Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2004. http://d-nb.info/985794046/04.

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Neumann, Dirk Georg. "Market engineering a structured design process for electronic markets /". Karlsruhe : Universitätsverlag, 2007. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/265/.

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Alt, Rainer, i Stefan Klein. "Twenty years of electronic markets research". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-171651.

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Over the past 20 years the field of electronic markets has seen a considerable proliferation and differentiation. This position paper takes the opportunity of the 21st volume of “Electronic Markets” to look back at important developments and insights, suggesting a framework that captures the multiple facets and indeed empirical breadth and depths of this concept. It comprises three perspectives which include the market environment, governance choices by economic actors as well as the entrepreneurial dynamics of firms who initiate and operate market platforms as their business. In addition, we propose to study the interplay of technological, market, and institutional drivers in order to understand the phenomenon of electronic markets, which is also a precondition for designing electronic markets. Both activities involve more than an economically motivated choice between the discrete alternatives of markets and hierarchies. Rather, electronic markets are configurations across multiple, interdependent dimensions: Technology is an important force in shaping the field, but needs to be complemented by considerations of the competitive environment and the setting of rules in order to ensure efficient and effective plays of the game. Based on this framework, this position paper develops six propositions for the future of electronic markets. Overall, the advantages of intermediated structures, an ongoing technological sophistication, as well as further innovation in market mechanisms and services make electronic markets an ena-bler for many interorganizational value chains. While we are confident that the ingenuity of inventors will yield a flow of innovations, recent economic crises have shed a dark shadow over the sustainability of electronic markets. They call for suitable rules and regulation amenable to economic prosperity and stability to be agreed upon on a broad level.

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4

Öörni, Anssi. "Consumer search in electronic markets /". Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration, 2002. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00051862.pdf.

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5

Carlsson, Per. "Algorithms for Electronic Power Markets". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4668.

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Hess, Christopher M. (Christopher McGraw). "Electronic markets for home mortgages". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45196.

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Graham, Ian. "The construction of electronic markets". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22264.

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The scope of this study is the development of electronic market systems in agricultural products and fish. These systems allow buyers to bid remotely in auctions without attending, based on descriptions of the lots. The study draws upon evolutionary models of organisational change, social constructivist approaches to technology and network models of social structure to uncover the processes by which groups of sellers, buyers, existing intermediaries and technical experts build the electronic market systems and then use them. The research was based upon a survey of literature describing electronic market systems and empirical studies of the developers and users of electronic market systems in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Iceland, Australia, Canada and the United States of America. These studies were supplemented with telephone interviews with system users in the Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands and the Republic of South Africa. From these studies, patterns shaping the development of electronic markets are identified. The hard technology of hardware and software is shown to be unproblematic relative to the social barriers of gaining acceptance within a trading community. The first social barrier faced in the transition from live to remote markets is the specification of a system for describing the lots for sale. While the justifications for electronic markets stressed the opportunity to restructure agricultural supply, introduce improved price discovery mechanisms and create markets covering larger areas than live markets, the history of electronic markets shows that markets building upon existing social structures are more successful. By enrolling existing intermediates and simulating the practices of the live market they are able to exploit the trust and expertise embedded in existing social relationships. The case studies lead to a questioning of the dominant view of electronic commerce - that the technical feasibility of trading electronically and its apparent efficiency advantages over conventional trade make its introduction inevitable. Instead, the limited success of electronic markets in agricultural products suggest that the barriers to the formation of electronic markets are greater than an economic analysis would suggest and that the social impacts of electronic markets are less extensive than expected.

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8

Vragov, Roumen Dimitrov. "Agent designs for electronic markets". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289707.

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The purpose of this dissertation is the discovery of basic principles that govern the design of electronic markets. The advances in communication technology have given us the ability to create fully automated markets that can function twenty-four hours a day and that can accommodate the participation of software agents as proxies to decrease transactions costs and increase efficiency. While computers cannot fully replace humans, it is already the case that humans face competition from software agents in their daily market activities on the Internet. This dissertation examines an experimentally created, real-time electronic market for multiple units of a homogenous good that (1) accommodates the participation of software agents as both buyers and sellers, (2) offers its users a variety of institutions (rules) of exchange, and (3) is specifically designed to analyze the way different institutions, time costs, and software agent participation affects human behavior. The experiments show that it is possible to construct software agents using common patterns of human behavior in previously investigated similar market situations. These agents can then successfully become an integral part of a new electronic market environment. We notice that human market participants initially underestimate the software agents' ability to compete--a phenomenon that can lead to lower efficiency levels. Two factors are important in the choice of institution: the level of market information that the institution provides and its relative success in the initial phase of the trading period.

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9

Stewart, Nelson. "Reputation in Electronic Markets: An Experimental Study". NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/316.

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Information asymmetries, proprietary knowledge that one party in a trade holds over another party, in electronic markets might cause a loss in market efficiency and market failure. Reputation mechanisms may provide a means to reduce the effects of information asymmetry and prevent possible market failure. Feedback rating systems are among potential mechanisms to develop reputations. They are often used in naturalistic environment electronic market studies. Reputation mechanisms are difficult to assess, however, in naturalistic research settings since the researcher cannot control the many variables of interest. To control the variables, this study used an experimental research setting. The setting enabled buyer and seller values to be controlled to study the impact of reputation mechanisms on market efficiency and price premiums. A theory from economics, the induced value theory, was used to modify subject preferences through the use of a reward medium. The experimental market was implemented in a classroom environment patterned on Holt's (1999) design. University students accessed a Website that enabled a fictitious market in which the students acted as buyers and sellers of a fictitious product. The product is valued with a fictitious currency which has no real-world value. This allows for values to be induced. Two market control conditions were established, a full information near 100% efficient condition, which is the `ceiling' expectation, and a fairly low efficient condition in which no seller or product grade information was available to buyers, is the `floor' or "Lemons" condition. Two treatments, `cheaptalk', where sellers can make unverifiable product claims, and `feedback', where seller identity and historical ratings are available to buyers, were tested. The impact of asymmetric information on market efficiency was evaluated, as was the impact of a feedback rating mechanism on enhancing market efficiency. Analysis of the experiment results indicate that the treatments can be ordered as: Full Information-Feedback-Cheaptalk-Lemons, with regard to the affect of information on market efficiency.

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Golaj, Taulant, Bo Sümegi i Hakija Wargenkrook. "Electronic Transportation Markets and New Technology". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22837.

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En transportbörs är en elektronisk marknadsplats där transportsäljare kan annonsera ledig kapacitet till försäljning och transportköpare kan ge förfrågningar på transporter. När aktörerna på transportbörsen har hittat en sälj- eller köpannons som passar deras behov sluter de avtal om en transport. Transportbörser underlättar för transportsäljare att öka sina fyllnadsgrader samtidigt som den även underlättar för transportköpare att hitta transportörer. Då fyllnadsgrader och samlastning ökar med hjälp av transportbörserna tjänar även miljön på detta då antalet använda fordon minskar (Kovács, 2009).I denna studie har vi undersökt vad som fungerar bra respektive mindre bra med befintliga transportbörser, och genom detta har en konceptuell transportbörs tagits fram där dess fördelar förstärks och nackdelar minimeras. Studien baseras på en enkätundersökning med ansvariga transportsäljare samt en personlig djupintervju med en verksam transportplanerare. Vi har genom litteraturstudier även tagit reda på om det finns några tekniska hjälpmedel som skulle kunna användas för att understödja transportbörsernas syfte att öka samlastningen.Våra egna undersökningar samt litteraturstudie visar på vikten av affärsrelationer; de flesta transportsäljare beräknar i dagens läge sina fyllnadsgrader manuellt och därefter frågar de sina etablerade kunder om de är i behov av transporter. Transportköpare arbetar på ett liknande sätt – vid transportbehov ringer de till sina etablerade transportörer och frågar om de har tillgänglig kapacitet. Därför blir manuell koordination av offerter en standardprocedur vilket resulterar i att transportbörser fungerar som en sista utväg. Därför blir det inte heller någon direkt ruljans och fart på handeln på transportbörserna (Anonym transportsäljare).Vid våra empiriska undersökningar framgår det tydligt att det främsta konkurrensmedlet bland säljande företag på transportbörser är priset, något som också bekräftas av forskare i ämnet (Nandijaru & Regan, 2003). Prispressen får följden att andra konkurrensmedel såsom kundservice och kundrelationer hamnar i skymundan. Ett flertal respondenter i vår undersökning ansåg detta vara ett stort problem vilket har resulterat i att det är svårt att tjäna några pengar på transportbörserna.Om man på transportbörsen kan möjliggöra för transportörer att marknadsföra sig med andra konkurrensfördelar än pris kommer det att skapa en helt ny marknadssituation. Resultatet blir en jämnare konkurrens mellan aktörerna på transportbörsen. Låter man dessutom köpare och säljare att betygsätta varandra bidrar detta ytterligare till en ökad transparens och mer jämlik konkurrens. Anledningen till att marknaden blir mer jämlik är att företag som marknadsför sig med hög servicenivå och således ett något högre pris känner att de kan konkurrera på lika villkor med konkurrenter som använder sig av en prispressande strategi.RFID är en teknik som skulle kunna underlätta användandet av transportbörser då tekniken kan användas för att beräkna tillgänglig kapacitet samt automatiskt skapa annonser på transportbörserna. Tekniken skulle således även kunna vara ett sätt för företagen att framhäva de icke-ekonomiska konkurrensfördelarna såsom service, då en implementering av RFID skulle spara arbetstid inom de transportsäljande företagen; lägger man mindre tid på transportplanering och annonsering kan man lägga mer tid på sin kärnverksamhet och kundservice och relationer.
An electronic transportation market is a market place where transport sellers can advertise free capacity and transport buyers can make inquires on transports. When the sellers and buyers have found an offer that fits them they reach an agreement. The electronic transportation markets help to increase the average payload and gives opportunities for co-loading, which benefits both the transport carriers, transport buyers as well as the environment (Kovács, 2009).In this study we have examined what works well respectively less well with existing electronic transportation markets. This has been done through a survey among transport selling companies as well as an interview with a transport planner. Through literature study we have also investigated if there are any technical aids that can be used to support the functionality of electronic transportation markets.Our research and literature study reveals that most transport sellers manually calculate their payloads and then manually calls their customers to see if they want anything transported. We therefore suspect that manual coordination of offers and advertising is a normal procedure amongst transport selling and transport buying companies. This results in the electronic transportation markets works as a last exit for the transport sellers. As a result of this there is no momentum on the electronic transportation markets when nobody is trading there on a bigger scale (Anonymous transport seller).Our survey and interview show that the main competitive advantage amongst transport sellers on electronic transportation markets is the price. This is a theory confirmed by several authors in the field, for example Nandijaru and Regan (2003). The price focus results in other competitive advantages such as service and customer relations tend to be forgotten on electronic transportation markets. Many respondents in our survey found the price fixation to be a major problem resulting in low profits on the electronic transportation markets.If you can make it possible for transport sellers to advertise themselves with other competitive advantages than price it will create a new market situation. The will result in a more equal competition on the electronic transportation markets. The market place will be even more equal and transparent if you allow the sellers and buyers to rate one another on different scales such as service ratio. The mentioned implementations will lead to sellers that advertise themselves with a high degree of service will feel that they compete on the same terms as sellers that focus on price.RFID may offer the possibility to automatically calculate available payload and automatically create advertisements on electronic transportation markets. This can also be a way to increase the importance of non-economic competitive advantages such as customer service, as a direct result of less time spent manually calculating payload and creating advertisements.

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11

Neumann, Dirk [Verfasser]. "Market engineering : a structured design process for electronic markets / by Dirk G. Neumann". Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/985966653/34.

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12

Espinosa, Omar Baqueiro. "Agent Risk Management in Electronic Markets Using Option Derivatives". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502160.

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In this thesis I present a framework for intelligent software agents to manage risk in electronic marketplaces using Option Derivatives. To compare the perfonnance of agents that trade Option Derivatives with agents not using them, I create a simulation of a financial marketplace in which software agents are vested with decision rules for buying and selling assets and Options. The motivation of my work is the need of risk management mechanisms for those Multi-Agent Systems where resources are allocated according to a market mechanism. Autonomous agents participating in such markets need to consider the risks to which they are exposed when trading in them, and to take actions to manage those risks. This thesis considers the hypothesis that software agents can benefit from trading Option Derivatives, using them as a tool to manage their exposure to uncertainty in the market. The main contributions of this thesis are: First, an abstract framework of an Option trading market is developed. This framework serves as a foundation for the implementation of computational Option trading mechanisms in systems using Market-Based resource allocation. The framework can be incorporated into existing Market-Based systems using the traded resources as the underlying assets for the Option market. Within the framework, four basic Option trading strategies are introduced, some of which reason about the risks exposed by their actions. These strategies are provided as a foundation for the development of more complex strategies that maximise the utility of the trading agents by the use of Options. The second contribution of this thesis is the analysis of the results from simulation experiments perfonned with the implementation of a software Multi-Agent System based on the developed Option trading framework. The system was developed in Java using the Repast simulation platfonn. The experiments were used to test the perfonnance of the developed trading strategies. This research shows that agents which traded Options by choosing actions aiming to minimize their risk perfonned significantly better than agents using other trading strategies, in the majority of the experiments. Agents using this risk-minimizing strategy also observed a lower correlation between the asset price and their returns, for the majority of the experimented scenarios. Agents which traded Options aiming to maximize their returns perfonned better than their peers in the scenarios where the asset price volatility was high. Finally, it was also observed that the perfonnance differential of the strategies increased as the uncertainty about the future price of the asset was increased.

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13

Pennacchioli, Diego. "Big data, complex networks and markets". Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2014. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/139/1/Pennacchioli_phdthesis.pdf.

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This thesis is focused on the study of new techniques of analysis coming from diverse fields (Complex Networks Analysis, Data Mining, and Big Data). Main aim is to better understand systems characterized by a high level of complexity. Markets are the chosen application scenario. In these complex systems, to find the right balance between the forces of demand and supply is very challenging, especially considering that they are characterized by imperfect but massive and fast information. In this context, the thesis presents approaches to face several open questions: how to find the general pattern of shopping behavior, how to mine the product space to find the best product/service that meets the demand, what is the role of the social influence between customers, and so on. The methods and techniques, belonging to the field of Complex Networks Analysis, are complementary to the usual ones of Data Mining. While in Data Mining the purpose is to search patterns and special distributions in a large dataset, here the purpose is to give a focus to the relations between entities of the markets, looking more to the whole system than to the single behavior. The thesis, finally, presents results of experiments performed on real world high quality datasets, providing, in addition to the theoretic results, practical application scenarios.

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King, Kristine M. "An evaluation of a methamphetamine intervention on drug markets". abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464445.

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Li, Mingzhi. "Quality uncertainty and information exchange on the electronic commerce markets /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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16

Hill, Amelia Mary. "Three Essays on the Impact of Electronic Screen Trading in Futures Markets". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/588.

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This dissertation consists of 3 essays that examine the impact of electronic screen trading in futures markets. The research provides empirical evidence on increasingly significant issues given the rapid global advances in technology used in securities markets. Each essay addresses the scarcity of conclusive research in order to aid researchers, regulators, exchange policy makers and systems builders as they confront issues related to electronic trading systems.

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Hill, Amelia Mary. "Three Essays on the Impact of Electronic Screen Trading in Futures Markets". University of Sydney. Finance, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/588.

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This dissertation consists of 3 essays that examine the impact of electronic screen trading in futures markets. The research provides empirical evidence on increasingly significant issues given the rapid global advances in technology used in securities markets. Each essay addresses the scarcity of conclusive research in order to aid researchers, regulators, exchange policy makers and systems builders as they confront issues related to electronic trading systems.

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18

Brownlee, David Glen. "Pricing information services in electronic markets : case study of DecisionNet /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA309226.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1996.
"March 1996." Thesis advisor(s): H.K. Bhargava, William J. Haga. Bibliography: p. 101-103. Also available online.

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19

Bailey, Joseph P. "Intermediation and electronic markets : aggregation and pricing in Internet commerce". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9835.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [171]-180).
by Joseph P. Bailey.
Ph.D.

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20

Lux, Ewa [Verfasser], i C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinhardt. "Live Biofeedback in Electronic Markets / Ewa Lux ; Betreuer: C. Weinhardt". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137264993/34.

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21

Alt, Rainer, i Stefan Klein. "Twenty years of electronic markets research: looking backwards towards the future". Springer, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12304.

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Over the past 20 years the field of electronic markets has seen a considerable proliferation and differentiation. This position paper takes the opportunity of the 21st volume of “Electronic Markets” to look back at important developments and insights, suggesting a framework that captures the multiple facets and indeed empirical breadth and depths of this concept. It comprises three perspectives which include the market environment, governance choices by economic actors as well as the entrepreneurial dynamics of firms who initiate and operate market platforms as their business. In addition, we propose to study the interplay of technological, market, and institutional drivers in order to understand the phenomenon of electronic markets, which is also a precondition for designing electronic markets. Both activities involve more than an economically motivated choice between the discrete alternatives of markets and hierarchies. Rather, electronic markets are configurations across multiple, interdependent dimensions: Technology is an important force in shaping the field, but needs to be complemented by considerations of the competitive environment and the setting of rules in order to ensure efficient and effective plays of the game. Based on this framework, this position paper develops six propositions for the future of electronic markets. Overall, the advantages of intermediated structures, an ongoing technological sophistication, as well as further innovation in market mechanisms and services make electronic markets an ena-bler for many interorganizational value chains. While we are confident that the ingenuity of inventors will yield a flow of innovations, recent economic crises have shed a dark shadow over the sustainability of electronic markets. They call for suitable rules and regulation amenable to economic prosperity and stability to be agreed upon on a broad level.

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22

Sun, P. C. "A core broking model for e-markets". Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/7e2581d6-c089-47ed-baff-dc819e7fdd13/1.

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Coalition problems in e-markets attract attention from the research communities and industry. This research focuses on e-trading models relating to online coalitions. A new Core Broking Model (CBM), for online group-trading is presented. This aims not only to bring lower prices for buyers but also to create higher profits for providers. The survey of current online shopping sites in this thesis shows that it is almost impossible to find a site designed specifically for group-trading, although there are plenty of joint-selling activities and also many online group-buying sites. The former increases competitive advantages and benefits providers. However it allows cartels to take control of price and to disadvantage customers. Recently, the latter have become very popular. The major problem of these models is that they lack the ability to deal with the stability issue in coalitions, which therefore fall apart easily. The core, a concept from economics, provides solutions to ensure a stable coalition (Gillies 1953), but its certain problems have hindered researchers from applying it to a real-world market. Building an online group-trading model is essential. Developing such a new model for e-markets can be a real challenge. Three factors, namely (a) incentive compatibility, (b) distributed computing, and (c) less computational complexity, all have to be considered at the same time. The new model is based on the core and adopts some other solution concepts to resolve group-trading problems in e-markets. It involves bundle selling of multiple goods from several providers, offering volume discounts to many different buyers in group-buying on e-marketplaces. The CBM successfully creates a win-win-win situation for customers, providers and brokers in e-markets. The comparison between the results of the new model and the core shows the CBM is superior to the core in terms of the three factors mentioned above. The results of the simulation presented in this thesis demonstrate that the CBM can attract customers and deal with online group-trading problems in a large coalition. An extensive evaluation of the techniques in the CBM has been made and shows that all of them produced the desired results in the CBM effectively and efficiently.

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23

Dong, Keren. "Liquidity prediction in limit order book markets". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2007105/.

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Limit order book markets are a rich research area, not only because these markets generated huge amounts of data (at an exceedingly high rate), but also because the fine level of detail that their data enables one to explore market microstructure in unprecedented ways. Due to the large quantity and rich details of the data in such market, one has to leverage the power of computers to perform both the analysis and modeling work. This calls for both new algorithms and infrastructure to perform the computing tasks effectively and efficiently. Motivated by the questions and challenges I see there, I started my research first from a engineering perspective and then moved to a quantitative perspective. My aim was to find my way through this newly emerging area and develop a systematic approach to seek, study and solve the potential questions in it. I will graph and explain my findings and results in this thesis, hoping that they will help and inspire further research work. To discipline and guide myself with a clear goal in the long journey exploring the world of limit order book markets, I focus on liquidity modeling. I try to predict trading volume from a daily scale to intra-day distributions, with the aim to design trading algorithms to reduce transaction costs and market impact. Within a microstructure context, I try to model the self-exciting nature of trading events with both a stochastic process approach and a statistical approach. Prediction methods are proposed to help trading algorithms to react to big trade events in real time. I use two different modelling approaches. One is based on stochastic processes that have nice mathematical properties, while the other one is driven by statistics extracted directly from the data. I try to examine them in a unified and scientific way so that it is easy to compare the strengthes and weaknesses of each of them. Empirical findings are given to support the rationale behind all of the proposed algorithms.

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24

Herrmann, Philipp [Verfasser]. "On consumer purchasing behavior in electronic markets : (Kumulative Dissertation) / Philipp Herrmann". Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064647162/34.

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ALMENDRA, VINICIUS DA SILVA. "A STUDY ON FRAUDSTER IDENTIFICATION IN ELECTRONIC MARKETS THROUGH HUMAN COMPUTATION". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13215@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Comportamento fraudulento é um problema crescente para mercados eletrônicos, particularmente sítios de leilão, causando diversos tipos de perdas. As medidas para redução das perdas por fraude geralmente têm como subproduto indesejável o constrangimento e até mesmo a exclusão de usuários inocentes, criando um difícil equilíbrio entre perdas causadas por fraudadores e perdas causadas por excesso de restrições aos participantes do mercado. O objetivo desta tese é mostrar a viabilidade de uma nova abordagem para redução de perdas por fraude em sítios de leilão: o jogo pega ladrão. Esta abordagem leva em conta explicitamente o equilíbrio acima mencionado e é baseada no paradigma da computação humana, no qual pessoas executam tarefas computacionais por diversão ou lucro. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa exploratória acerca de atividade fraudulenta em um mercado eletrônico real, um teste piloto de detecção de fraudadores por agentes humanos e o desenvolvimento e simulação do elemento central do jogo proposto: o mecanismo de identificação de fraudadores. A pesquisa exploratória apresenta um perfil da fraude de não-entrega no maior sítio de leilão do Brasil, mostrando-a como um problema real, recorrente e mensurável. O teste piloto aponta evidências positivas de que agentes humanos de fato conseguem distinguir fraudadores de vendedores normais por uma margem significativa. A simulação dá suporte para a utilidade do mecanismo proposto na redução de perdas por fraude. Os resultados obtidos confirmam o jogo pega ladrão como uma abordagem viável para reduzir perdas por fraude em mercados eletrônicos.
Fraudulent behavior is an increasing problem for electronic markets, in particular for online auction sites, causing several types of loss. Fraud loss reduction measures generally have as an undesirable by-product the harassment and even exclusion of bona fide users, creating a difficult trade- off between losses with fraudsters and losses due to excessive constraints on market participants. The objective of this thesis is to show the viability of a novel approach to fraud loss reduction in online auction sites, the catch the thief game. This approach takes explicitly into account the aforementioned trade-off and is based on the paradigm of human computation, where people do computational tasks for fun or profit. The methodology used was an exploratory research on fraudulent activity in a real electronic market, a pilot test of fraudster detection by human agents, and the development and simulation of the proposed game's core element, the fraudster identification mechanism. The exploratory research presents a profile of non-delivery fraud in the biggest Brazilian online auction site, showing it as real, recurring and measurable problem; the pilot test displays positive evidence that unspecialized human agents can indeed distinguish fraudulent sellers from normal ones by a significant margin; the simulation supports the usefulness of the proposed mechanism for fraud loss reduction. The results obtained confirm catch the thief game as a viable approach to reduce fraud loss in electronic markets.

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Abbasi, Ahmed. "Categorization, Analysis, and Visualization of Computer-Mediated Communication and Electronic Markets". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195381.

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Computer mediated communication (CMC) and electronic markets have seen tremendous growth due to the fast propagation of the internet. In spite of the numerous benefits of electronic communication, it is not without its pitfalls. Two characteristics of computer mediated communication have proven to be particularly problematic: online anonymity and the enormity of data present in cyber communities.This dissertation follows the design science research paradigm in MIS, by addressing issues pertaining to the design and development of an important IT artifact capable of alleviating the two aforementioned CMC concerns. We present 8 essays related to the creation of CMC systems that can provide improved text analysis capabilities by incorporating a richer set of textual information types. Using Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory (SFLT) as a kernel theory, emphasis is placed on developing techniques for analyzing textual and ideational information. A rich set of features are used to represent textual (e.g., style, genres, social cues etc.) and ideational (topics, sentiments, affects, etc.) information. The research revolves around a core set of algorithms utilized for feature selection, categorization, analysis, and visualization of CMC text. The dissertation is arranged in three parts. The first two parts attempt to develop a set of features and techniques that can effectively represent textual and ideational information. In Chapters 2-5, we leverage information types related to the textual meta-function of SFLT for enhanced identity and institutional trust. Experiments are conducted on various CMC modes prevalent in organizational settings, including email, instant messaging, forums, program code, and websites. Chapters 6-8 consider two important information types associated with the ideational meta-function of SFLT: opinions and emotions. We assess the ability to gauge consumer sentiments and affects using machine learning techniques on various CMC modes, including product review and social discussion forums.The third part relates to the design, development, and evaluation of a visualization system that can analyze the presence of the aforementioned information types in text-based CMC archives (Chapter 9). We propose a design framework for CMC text analysis systems that is grounded in SFLT. The CyberGate system is developed as an instantiation of the design framework.

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George, Lindsay E. "The Reno public marketplace : market potential /". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1440925.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006.
"December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

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Seifert, Stefan. "Posted price offers in internet auction markets with 21 tables". Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2815025&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Wolf, James Richard. "Friction and trust in online markets". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1149085485.

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Bolte, Kati Jo. "Electronic animal identification systems at livestock auction markets : perceptions, costs, and benefits". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/464.

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Alt, Rainer, i Thomas Puschmann. "The rise of customer-oriented banking: electronic markets are paving the way". Springer, 2012. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12530.

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The banking industry has been a pioneer in adopting electronic markets with exchanges, clearinghouses, and multilateral trading facilities having become the backbone of today’s globally integrated financial transactions. While most banks use the services of these electronic markets to handle interbank processes, they still strive for bilateral relations in the field of customer-facing processes. This position paper argues that the financial crises, the changing behavior of customers, upcoming innovations based on information technology (IT) and financial services offered by non-banks are strong drivers towards more customer-orientation in the financial industry. A large variety of banking IT innovations has emerged and illustrates that traditional banks are expected to have less power to impede competition at the customer interface and in consequence need to re-position themselves. Building on these developments on the one hand and existing electronic market infrastructures in the banking industry on the other, the concept of a customer-oriented financial market infrastructure is proposed as a possible future solution. The impact is illustrated using a competitive analysis of the banking industry and analogies to the media industry where new entrants from the computing industry have caused disruptive changes. Besides describing the threat to existing banks, the position paper also discusses the perspectives for banks.

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Cerda, Jacobo Jaime. "A decentralised graph-based framework for electrical power markets". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/161933/.

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One of the main tools used to clear the electrical power market across the world is the DC optimal power flow. Nevertheless, the classical model designed for vertically integrated power systems is now under pressure as new issues such as partial information introduced by the deregulation process, scalability posed by the multiple small renewable generation units as well as microgrids, and markets integration have to be addressed. This dissertation presents a graph-based decentralised framework for the electricity power market based on the DC optimal power flow where Newton's method is solved using graph techniques. Based on this ground, the main principles associated to the solution of systems of linear equations using a proper graph representation are presented. Then, the burden imposed by the handling of rows and columns in its matrix representation when inequality constraints have to be enforced or not is addressed in its graph based model. To this end the model is extended introducing the notion of conditional links. Next, this model is enhanced to address the graph decentralisation by introducing the weak link concept as a mean to disregard some links in the solution process while allowing the exact gradient to be computed. Following, recognizing that the DC optimal power flow is a quadratic separable program, this model is generalised to a quadratic separable program model. Finally, an agent oriented approach is proposed in order to implement the graph decentralisation. Here the agents will clear the market interchanging some economic information as well as some non-strategic information. The main contribution presented in this document is the application of graph methods to solve quadratic separable optimisation problems using Newton's method. This approach leads to a graph model whose structure is well defined. Furthermore, when applied to the DC optimal power flow this representation leads to a graph whose solution is totally embedded within the graph as both the Hessian as well as the gradient information can be accessed directly from the graph topology. In addition, the graph can be decentralised by providing a mean to evaluate the exact gradient. As a result when applied to the DC optimal power flow, the network interconnectivity is converted into local intercommunication tasks. This leads to a decentralised solution where the intercommunication is based mainly on economic information.

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Maskaly, Jonathan. "The displacement effects of a police drug crackdown on open air markets and drug houses". abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464450.

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Killer, Joerg. "An empirical investigation of the factors influencing the success of electronic B2B markets". Thesis, Henley Business School, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251946.

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Zhang, Han. "Extralegal arbitration of trust in digital and quasi-digital markets : an intermediary-based approach /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992951.

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Schröder, Jan. "Manipulations in prediction markets : analysis of trading behaviour not conforming with trading regulations /". Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018932179&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Schröder, Jan. "Manipulations in prediction markets analysis of trading behaviour not conforming with trading regulations". Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/998866113/04.

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Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 2008 u.d.T.: Schröder, Jan: Analysis of trading behaviour not conforming with trading regulations
Hergestellt on demand. - Zusätzliches Online-Angebot unter http://uvka.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/shop/isbn/978-3-86644-344-0

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38

Ströbel, Michael. "A design and implementation framework for symmetric multi-attribute negotiation intermediation in electronic markets /". Zürich : ADAG Copy, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/356857174.pdf.

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Kovaleva, Polina. "Trading in electronic markets : the challenges of imperfect liquidity and reduced pre-trade transparency". Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3674/.

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This thesis is motivated by the progressive expansion of electronic markets with reduced pre-trade transparency and the collateral liquidity effects. In this thesis I develop three independent theoretical models and explore the repercussions of weak market liquidity and transparency. First, I approach the issue of limited liquidity through the optimal order placement problem of a risk-averse trader in a continuous time context and introduce a random delay parameter, which defers limit order execution and characterises market liquidity. This framework demonstrates that imperfect liquidity explains order clustering in the proximity of best quotes and the existence of the bid-ask spread. The distribution of expected time-to-fill of limit orders conforms to the empirically observed distribution of trading times, and its variance decreases with liquidity. Finally, two additional stylised facts are rationalised in this model: the equilibrium bid-ask spread decreases with liquidity, but increases with agents’ risk aversion. My second framework adjoins the few theoretical attempts in the literature to challenge investors’ incentives to participate in opaque trading environments. Through a real option approach I justify how market opacity can encourage liquidity provision, which, in turn, supports the empirical evidence on the proliferation of such trading venues. I demonstrate that transparency in conjunction with liquidity determine traders’ eagerness to supply liquidity to the opaque market, and that once the trader enters the opaque market, he commits to trade relatively quickly. Furthermore, error analysis reveals that impatient traders are highly likely to pass over favourable trade execution offered in the opaque market precisely because of imperfect clarity of information signals, while a prior optimistic bias prompts the trader to submit his limit order sooner. Lastly, as a complement to static inference on individual level, I establish an artificial market with heterogeneous agents and distinct transparency regimes that replicates the long memory properties and empirical order flow patterns. The results suggest that full quote transparency incurs substantial transaction costs and dampens trading activity, while exogenous restriction of displayed depth up to several quotes does not alter significantly market performance. The core implication of this model is that the endogenous restriction of displayed quote depth by means of iceberg orders improves market quality in multiple dimensions. This thesis contributes to the microstructure domain by providing a theoretical support to the benefits of market opacity as well as its downsides. The research outcomes of this thesis are, therefore, relevant from a regulatory standpoint.

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40

Matt, Christian [Verfasser]. "A Consumer-Centric Approach to Determining the Value of Intermediaries in Electronic Markets / Christian Matt". Berlin : epubli GmbH, 2015. http://d-nb.info/106970637X/34.

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Hertweck, Bryan M. "Examining Electronic Markets in Which Intelligent Agents Are Used for Comparison Shopping and Dynamic Pricing". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29037.

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Electronic commerce markets are becoming increasingly popular forums for commerce. As those markets mature, buyers and sellers will both vigorously seek techniques to improve their performance. The Internet lends itself to the use of agents to work on behalf of buyers and sellers. Through simulation, this research examines different implementations of buyers' agents (shopbots) and sellers' agents (pricebots) so that buyers, sellers, and agent builders can capitalize on the evolution of e-commerce technologies. Internet markets bring price visibility to a level beyond what is observed in traditional brick-and-mortar markets. Additionally, an online seller is able to update prices quickly and cheaply. Due to these facts, there are many pricing strategies that sellers can implement via pricebot to react to their environments. The best strategy for a particular seller is dependent on characteristics of its marketplace. This research shows that the extent to which buyers are using shopbots is a critical driver of the success of pricing strategies. When measuring profitability, the interaction between shopbot usage and seller strategy is very strong - what works well at low shopbot usage levels may perform poorly at high levels. If a seller is evaluating strategies based on sales volume, the choice may change. Additionally, as markets evolve and competitors change strategies, the choice of most effective counterstrategies may evolve as well. Sellers need to clearly define their goals and thoroughly understand their marketplace before choosing a pricing strategy. Just as sellers have choices to make in implementing pricebots, buyers have decisions to make with shopbots. In addition to the factors described above, the types of shopbots in use can actually affect the relative performance of pricing strategies. This research also shows that varying shopbot implementations (specifically involving the use of a price memory component) can affect the prices that buyers ultimately pay - an especially important consideration for high-volume buyers. Modern technology permits software agents to employ artificial intelligence. This work demonstrates the potential of neural networks as a tool for pricebots. As discussed above, a seller's best strategy option can change as the behavior of the competition changes. Simulation can be used to evaluate a multitude of scenarios and determine what strategies work best under what conditions. This research shows that a neural network can be effectively implemented to classify the behavior of competitors and point to the best counterstrategy.
Ph. D.

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42

Wiklund, Hannes. "The potential of wind power on the Swedish ancillary service markets". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292644.

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An increasing proportion of variable renewable energy in the Swedish power system is leading to greater needs of system flexibility. A key aspect of handling this is frequency flexibility where actors can either increase or decrease their production or consumption when required. This type of service is called an ancillary service and are procured by the transmission system operator in specifically designed markets. These markets are predicted to grow significantly in the coming years and there is a demand for new actors. Wind power has the capability to provide these services via pitch control of the turbines, but this has not been common practice in Sweden previously. This thesis explores the potential of wind power to enter the Swedish ancillary service markets. The overarching goal is to provide a solid introduction to the workings of the markets and how wind power can join, a description of hindrances, and what the potential financial impact on a wind farm is. First, a detailed review of the technical requirements of the markets and the price development is provided in addition to a review of similar international markets. Then an interview study is performed where actors in the wind power industry give their view on the topic. Lastly, an economic modelling of an already existing generic wind farm that is participating on the ancillary service markets FCR-N, FCR-D, aFRR Down, and FFR is presented. 2018, 2019, and 2020 as well as all four pricing areas are evaluated. The model utilizes historical wind and price data to generate a production estimation and a Monte-Carlo simulation of the estimation error is included. The interviews show that wind turbines have the capability to enter the markets but some uncertainty regarding specific technical requirements exists. Wind power owners and operators express a desire to join the markets but also a concern about profitability and future price developments. The economic modelling in the thesis shows significant opportunities to increase profitability of a wind farm by participating in the ancillary service markets during certain conditions. It identifies down regulating markets during periods of low spot prices as the main advantageous conditions for increase in profitability.
En större andel intermittent förnybar energi i det svenska elsystemet leder till större behov av systemflexibilitet. En nyckel till att hantera det är frekvensflexibilitet där en aktör kan öka eller sänka sin produktion eller konsumtion när det behövs. Denna typ av tjänst kallas för stödtjänst och sådana reserver upphandlas av Svenska kraftnät i specifika marknader. Dessa marknader prognosticeras att påtagligt öka i omsättning de närmsta åren och det finns ett behov av nya aktörer. Vindkraft har möjligheten att leverera stödtjänster men det är inte vanligt i dagsläget. Den här uppsatsen utreder potentialen för vindkraft att delta på de svenska stödtjänstmarknaderna. Det övergripande målet är att leverera en solid introduktion till hur marknaderna fungerar och hur vindkraft kan delta, en beskrivning av potentiella hinder och vad den potentiella ekonomiska effekten på en vindfarm kan vara. Först ges en detaljerad beskrivning av de tekniska kraven på marknaderna och hur prisutvecklingen sett ut. Sedan presenteras en intervjustudie där aktörer i vindkraftsindustrin intervjuats kring deras syn på ämnet. Sist har en ekonomisk modellering tagits fram där en generisk vindfarm som deltar på FCR-N, FCR-D, aFRR Ned och FFR simuleras. Resultat för 2018, 2019 och 2020 samt alla fyra prisområden tas fram. Modellen använder historisk vind- och prisdata för att ta fram produktionsprognoser och Monte-Carlo-simulerar sedan ett prognosfel. Intervjuerna visar att vindturbiner har förmågan att delta på marknaderna men att några frågetecken kring specifika tekniska krav existerar. Vindkraftsägare och operatörer utrycker en vilja att delta på marknaderna men att det finns en oro kring lönsamhet och framtida prisutveckling. Modelleringen visar på tydliga möjligheter att öka lönsamheten för en vindfarm under vissa förutsättningar. Den identifierar nedreglering under perioder med låga spotpriser som de huvudsakligt fördelaktiga förutsättningarna för en ökning av lönsamheten.

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Arni, Andreas P. "Internationalization and performance in network markets the case of electronic business-to-business marketplaces in Europe /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/2774.

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Wolf, James Richard Jr. "Friction and trust in online markets". The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1149085485.

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Lamparter, Steffen. "Policy based contracting in semantic web service markets". Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/282/.

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Rajagopal, A. "IMAGINE : An Intelligent Electonic Marketplace". Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/254.

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In recent times, the Internet revolution has spawned numerous innovative enterprises-virtual companies, and electronic markets. Electronic markets (or digital markets) are scalable web-based platforms for buyers, sellers, marketmakers, and brokers to carry out business transactions. Over the last two years, there has been a proliferation of such E-Markets on the web. In this thesis, we develop an E-marketplace, which we call IMAGINE (Intelligent Market with AGents and Integrative NEgotiations) that improves upon the existing state-of-the-art in several non-trivial ways. IMAGINE combines the best features of existing E-marketplaces with several innovations. The thesis describes the conceptualization, analysis, and design of IMAGINE and provides details of implementation of a prototype of IMAGINE at the Electronic Enterprises Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science. IMAGINE is a collaborative, co-operative, intelligent E-Market that maximizes the combined utility value of the all traders involved. IMAGINE has several distinctive features: • It uses an innovative business model, which is intelligent in the sense of perceiving the nature of the market and market forces and using this market intelligence in matching buyers with sellers and in determining the prices. • It uses integrative negotiations, which make it attractive for buyers and sellers to reveal their true business interests and valuations. • A sound and robust software architecture for a web-based implementation using best practices in object technology. • Implementation of a prototype of IMAGINE has been carried out using leading edge Internet technologies such as multi-agent technology, Jini, and Javaspaces.

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47

Rajagopal, A. "IMAGINE : An Intelligent Electonic Marketplace". Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/254.

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In recent times, the Internet revolution has spawned numerous innovative enterprises-virtual companies, and electronic markets. Electronic markets (or digital markets) are scalable web-based platforms for buyers, sellers, marketmakers, and brokers to carry out business transactions. Over the last two years, there has been a proliferation of such E-Markets on the web. In this thesis, we develop an E-marketplace, which we call IMAGINE (Intelligent Market with AGents and Integrative NEgotiations) that improves upon the existing state-of-the-art in several non-trivial ways. IMAGINE combines the best features of existing E-marketplaces with several innovations. The thesis describes the conceptualization, analysis, and design of IMAGINE and provides details of implementation of a prototype of IMAGINE at the Electronic Enterprises Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Automation, Indian Institute of Science. IMAGINE is a collaborative, co-operative, intelligent E-Market that maximizes the combined utility value of the all traders involved. IMAGINE has several distinctive features: • It uses an innovative business model, which is intelligent in the sense of perceiving the nature of the market and market forces and using this market intelligence in matching buyers with sellers and in determining the prices. • It uses integrative negotiations, which make it attractive for buyers and sellers to reveal their true business interests and valuations. • A sound and robust software architecture for a web-based implementation using best practices in object technology. • Implementation of a prototype of IMAGINE has been carried out using leading edge Internet technologies such as multi-agent technology, Jini, and Javaspaces.

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48

Kessler, Stephan [Verfasser], i K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Böhm. "Privacy-Enhancing Methods for Time Series and their Impact on Electronic Markets / Stephan Kessler. Betreuer: K. Böhm". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1084112523/34.

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Alt, Rainer, i Hans-Dieter Zimmermann. "Status of business model and electronic market research: An interview with Paul Timmers". Universität Leipzig, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35785.

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This interview with Paul Timmers reflects on how the domain of business models has emerged since the publication of the first business model article in Electronic Markets in 1998. The interview provides insights in how his seminal article on business models for electronic markets originated and on the role of government bodies, in particular the European Commission. Among the opinions shared are that electronic markets should be conceived as a broad concept and that interdisciplinary views are key for shaping future developments, especially in the area of ubiquitous data in many industries.

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50

Robinson, Alex James. "ICTs and poverty reduction in rural Java : information, access and markets". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2009. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9098/.

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Towards the end of the twentieth century there was a furore of activity and interest regarding the potential of information communication technologies (ICTs) to contribute towards a process of development. The growing interest in ICT for development (ICT4D) resulted in a World Summit held over two stages in 2003 and 2005 and a plethora of initiatives and interventions. However to date, the mechanisms and ways in which ICTs may best be applied to development, and in particular poverty reduction, remain unclear. The study described herein contributes to this debate. The study is concerned with the analysis of a single ICT based intervention in rural Java in the Republic of Indonesia; the e-Pabelan telecentre project. The objective of e-Pabelan was to overcome information asymmetries and improve the market participation of poor rural farmers. The objective of this study is to analyse the impacts of this intervention and its underlying conceptual basis. In order to facilitate the research a conceptual framework is presented that draws on Richard Heeks’ (1999b) concept of the information chain and Stuart Plattner’s (1985) concept of equilibrating markets. After Heeks, the conceptual framework emphasises that the assimilation and application of information towards a desired development outcome is a staged process. In order to better contextualise and understand such a process the research presents an analysis of actors, goods and transactions in relation to the market relations of poor farmers after Plattner. The research consists of an extended case study. Two key survey instruments are also employed. One is a survey of 216 poor households and the other is a survey of 70 poor farmers. These survey instruments are employed within a broader research context that utilises participant observation, informal interviews and occasional participatory rural appraisal (PRA) instruments. The research emphasises the importance of contextualisation in seeking to better understand the application of ICT based intervention towards poverty reduction. The research highlights issues of access within ICT4D and challenges approaches that see ICT4D as universally applicable and relevant. Instead, the research demonstrates that the institutional context that ICT4D initiatives are placed into and implemented through can have significant bearings on the perceived utility of the intervention by the intended beneficiaries. The research shows that a failure to engage with local contexts during the establishing of access to ICTs can result in such initiatives being disempowering rather than empowering. The research also questions conceptualisations of poverty within ICT4D that emphasise the widening of opportunities over and above the increasing of security. With regard to markets the research demonstrates that the received view not uncommon within ICT4D literature of the farmer as a passive victim of impersonal markets is flawed. The research shows that the way in which poor farmer in Java manage risk through their selection of differing crops and the manner in which these farmers play the market is central to understanding how ICT4D interventions are assessed in terms of utility and relevance. The research concludes that there is a need for greater engagement between the emerging field of ICT4D and the broader field of development studies. There is also a need to better contextualise and target ICT4D interventions in relation to the specific needs and conditions of the intended beneficiaries. Such an approach requires acknowledging that the adoption and application of information will be subject to a process of continual assessment; rather than seeing assessment as a separate stage within the information chain. In this regard a framework for the analysis of market based ICT4D interventions seeking to impact upon poverty is developed via the research from the original conceptual framework outlined above.

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