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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Electrochemical technique"

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Altufaily, Mohammad Abid Muslim Abdullah, i Ahmed Muslem Hashim Mohammad. "Modeling and Improvement of Aqueous Pollutants Removal Using Electrochemical Technique". Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, nr 12 (20.12.2019): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11i12/20193222.

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Natarj, Shubha H., Venkatesha T. Venkatarangaiah i Anantha N. Subbarao. "Electrochemical surface modification technique to impede mild steel corrosion using Perfluorooctanoic Acid." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 5, nr 4 (16.02.2016): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.211.

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<div><p><em>The present work demonstrated that corrosion inhibition efficiency of electrochemically generated organic coat is remarkably effective than self-assembled monolayer (SAM) generated by dip coating technique. Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) is used to modify mild steel surface for effective protection. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and contact angle measurements substantiate the modification of mild steel surface and its effect on surface hydrophobicity. A comparison between electrochemical properties of PFOA SAM generated by dip coat method (DC-PFOA) and PFOA coat generated by electrochemical method (EC-PFOA) is presented. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the corrosion protection efficiency of EC-PFOA (91%) is much superior to DC-PFOA (28%). </em></p></div>
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Unwin, P. R., J. V. Macpherson, M. A. Beeston, N. J. Evans, D. Littlewood i N. P. Hughes. "New Electrochemical Techniques for Probing Phase Transfer Dynamics at Dental Interfaces in Vitro". Advances in Dental Research 11, nr 4 (listopad 1997): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110042401.

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Phase transfer reactions such as dissolution, precipitation, sorption, and desorption are important in a wide range of processes on dental hard tissue surfaces. An overview is provided of several new complementary electrochemical techniques which are capable of probing the dynamics of such processes at solid/liquid interfaces from millimeter- to nanometer-length scales, with a variable time resolution down to the sub-millisecond level. Techniques considered include channel flow methods with electrochemical detection, which allow reactions at solid/liquid interfaces to be studied under well-defined and calculable mass transport regimes. Scanning electrochemical microscopy allows the chemical activity of interfaces to be mapped at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. This technique, which utilizes a scanning ultramicroelectrode, has been used extensively for the study of dissolution processes of ionic crystals, as well as in imaging the action of fluid-flow-blocking agents on dentin surfaces, which act via precipitation. So that interfaces at the nanometer level can be probed, an integrated electrochemical-atomic force microscope has been developed which enables the local solution conditions to be controlled electrochemically while topographical changes are mapped simultaneously.
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Minhai, Huang, Ye Mingku i Tian Zhaowu. "POLYACETYLENE FILM FORMED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE". Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 1, nr 02 (1985): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb19850211.

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Mocák, Ján, Michal Németh, Mieczyslaw Lapkowski i Jerzy W. Strojek. "Spectrocoulometry – a new spectro-electrochemical technique". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, nr 6 (1987): 1386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19871386.

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A spectrocoulometric macrocell with a direct-view optical probe was designed and constructed, where the optical signal is transferred by light-conducting glass or quartz fibres permitting to work at wavelengths above 410 or 300 nm. The method of measurement on the proposed equipment is described; it was tested in the study of the mechanism and kinetics of oxidation of Fe(bipy)32+ ions (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) with the use of potentiostatic coulometric electrolysis with open-circuit relaxation at a suitable time. The primary product of electrolysis, Fe(bipy)33+, undergoes a follow-up hydrolytic reaction with the formation of a binuclear complex. The rate constant of the reaction of the first order involves the contributions, kBi, from all bases present in solution; the corresponding values for H2O, OH-, bipy, and CH3COO- ions at a ionic strength 0·5 mol dm-3 and 25 °C were determined as kOH = (5·0 ± 0·6) . 105 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kbipy = (1·3 ± 0·2) . 10-1 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kAc = (5·8 ± 1·0) . 10-2 mol-1 dm3 s-1, and kH2O is not significant with respect to experimental errors.
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Singh, Ravi Chand, Manwinder Singh i H. S. Virk. "Electrochemical etching technique for neutron dosimetry". Indian Journal of Physics 83, nr 6 (czerwiec 2009): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-009-0035-x.

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Cao, Xian Long, Yi De Xiao, Hong Da Deng, Peng Jun Cao i Bi Jia. "Evaluation of Atmospheric Corrosivity by ACM Technique". Materials Science Forum 610-613 (styczeń 2009): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.3.

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The atmospheric corrosion has been shown to be an electrochemical process, the atmospheric corrosion behavior of Q235 stell evaluated with ACM (Atmospheric corrosion monitor) electrochemical technique was investigated in the study. The experimental results showed that there existed a close relation between electrochemical data and climatic parameters was confirmed. Taking into consideration accuracy and sensitivity of electrochemical technique, the ISO-standardized time of wetness (TOW) seems to be too conservative. SO2 seems to be more aggressive than chloride on metal corrosion in the early stage of atmospheric corrosion but the complexion reverses in the final stage of atmospheric corrosion. The ratio of corrosion rate from integration of ACM current to corrosion rate from weight loss of test specimens, that is, cell factor is fairly constant at the same test site but varied greatly between test sites. Based on constant cell factors and close relation between electrochemical data and climatic parameters in all test sites, ACM electrochemical technique can evaluate and classify the short-term atmospheric corrosivity as a substitute for gravimetric method, and the verification shows that atmospheric corrosivity classifications according to integration of ACM current and especially to cell factor coincide with the specifications of ISO Standard.
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Honeychurch. "Review of Electroanalytical-Based Approaches for the Determination of Benzodiazepines". Biosensors 9, nr 4 (2.11.2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9040130.

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The benzodiazepine class of drugs are characterised by a readily electrochemically reducible azomethine group. A number are also substituted by other electrochemically active nitro, N-oxide, and carbonyl groups, making them readily accessible to electrochemical determination. Techniques such as polarography, voltammetry, and potentiometry have been employed for pharmaceutical and biomedical samples, requiring little sample preparation. This review describes current developments in the design and applications of electrochemical-based approaches for the determination of the benzodiazepine class of drugs form their introduction in the early 1960s to 2019. Throughout this period, state-of-the-art electroanalytical techniques have been reported for their determination. Polarography was first employed focused on mechanistic investigations. Subsequent studies showed the adsorption of many the benzodiazepines at Hg electrodes allowed for the highly sensitive technique of adsorptive stripping voltammetry to be employed. The development and introduction of other working electrode materials such as carbon led to techniques such as voltammetry to become commonly reported, and the modification of these electrodes has now become the most commonly employed approach using molecularly imprinting and nanotechnology.
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Tran, Hoang Vinh, Hue Thi Minh Dang, Luyen Thi Tran, Chau Van Tran i Chinh Dang Huynh. "Metal-Organic Framework MIL-53(Fe): Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, and Application in Development of a Novel and Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Cadmium Ions in Aqueous Solutions". Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (6.10.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6279278.

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A metal-organic framework MIL-53(Fe) was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. A synthesized MIL-53(Fe) sample was characterized, and results indicated that the formed MIL-53(Fe) was a single phase with small particle size of 0.8 μm and homogeneous particle size distribution was obtained. The synthesized MIL-53(Fe) has been used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a drop-casting technique. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the MIL-53(Fe)-modified GCE showed that the MIL-53(Fe) was successfully immobilized onto the GCE electrode surface and the electrochemical behavior of the GCE/MIL-53(Fe) electrode was stable. In addition, several electrochemical parameters of MIL-53(Fe)-modified GCE (GCE/MIL-53(Fe)) including the heterogeneous standard rate constant ( k 0 ) and the electrochemically effective surface area ( A ) were calculated. Obtained results demonstrated that the synthesized MIL-53(Fe) with the small particle size, highly homogeneous particle size, and high electrochemically effective surface area was able to significantly enhance the electrochemical response signal of the working electrode. Therefore, the GCE/MIL-53(Fe) electrode has been used as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for cadmium ion (Cd(II)) monitoring in aqueous solution using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The response signal of the electrochemical sensor increased linearly in the Cd(II) ion concentration range from 150 nM to 450 nM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 16 nM.
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Krawiec, Halina. "Application of the Electrochemical Microcell Technique in Solid State Surface Analysis". Solid State Phenomena 227 (styczeń 2015): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.549.

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In the two last decades, the Electrochemical Microcell Technique (EMT) was used in various electrochemical surface investigations. The diameter of microcapillaries was in the range between few and few hundred microns. This technique was commonly used in corrosion research. Indeed, metallic alloys exhibit a complex microstructure consisting of different metallic and intermetallic phases, inclusions, precipitates... The use of microcapillaries based techniques like EMT makes possible to perform local electrochemical measurements in individual phases. Therefore, it was possible to get information about the behavior of a single grain, inclusion, precipitate... From these information, precursor sites can be identified and criteria leading to corrosion can be proposed.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Electrochemical technique"

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Dogan, Bahadir. "Synthesis And Characterization Of Semiconductor Nanowires Via Electrochemical Technique". Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611335/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to investigate structural, optical and photoelectrochemical behavior of CdS nanowires and their heterojunctions with CdTe and polypyrrole nanowires. In the first part, CdS nanowires have been synthesized via electrochemical template-based route. It has been observed that synthesis conditions, such as bias voltage and deposition time, affect the morphology, optical and photoelectrochemical characteristics of CdS nanowires. Depending on the deposition time, length of the CdS nanowires changed from 100-200 nm to 3-4 m. Also the diameter of the nanowires increased with increasing the deposition time. Structure of the CdS nanowires has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectrometry and EDX analysis. Phototelectrochemical performances of the CdS nanowires have been changed dramatically with bias voltage and deposition time.In the second part of this thesis, CdTe nanostructures have been deposited on CdS nanowires. Change in optical and photoelectrochemical behavior of CdS nanowires after CdTe deposition has been investigated. Organic semiconductors and their composites with inorganic materials have been gaining attention due to tunable optical, electrical and magnetic properties. Also, ease of fabrication techniques, and therefore, low cost made these materials attractive for lots of applications including photovoltaic devices and flexible electronics. In the last part of this thesis, heterojunctions of CdS and Polypyrrole (Ppy) nanowires have been synthesized. Like CdS/CdTe heteronanostructures, first the CdS nanowires have been electrochemically deposited in anodized alumina template and then Ppy has been successfully deposited on CdS nanowires. In order to investigate the effects of polypyrrole synthesis conditions on CdS/Ppy heteronanostructures, CdS nanowire synthesis conditions have been kept constant. It has been observed that morphology and photoelectrochemical behavior of the Ppy nanowires has been affected from Ppy synthesis conditions. The photoelectrochemical performance changes of CdS/Ppy heteronanostructures have been also investigated in this part.
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Zou, Feng. "Localized electrochemical impedance technique for the study of corrosion processes /". Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/zou1218.pdf.

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Taylor, Malcolm G. "Measurement of organic substances in the gas phase using on-line electrochemical techniques". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12597.

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Aniline was chosen as an atmospheric pollutant which might be monitored using an electrochemical sensor. The effect of pH and of different organic solvents on electrode poisoning was investigated for the analysis of aniline by voltammetry and it was concluded that it was not possible to prevent poisoning of the electrode by the reaction products. The analysis of aniline by flow injection analysis (fia) with DC (constant potential) and pulsed (double pulse) amperometric detection also suffered from electrode poisoning and the latter had a relatively high detection limit. Secondary and tertiary substituted anilines with similar volatilities to aniline at room temperature were examined as suitable alternatives to aniline using voltammetry. Dimethyl-p-toluidine poisoned the electrode to a small extent when analysed by voltammetry. Detection of this compound by fia with pulsed amperometric detection showed improved electrode stability but was not judged suitable for long term monitoring of atmospheric samples of the amine. A satisfactory method for monitoring aniline on line was developed using fia with triple pulse amperometric detection (PAD). The PAD waveform was optimised with respect to a low detection limit and a degree of selectivity towards possible atmospheric interferents for the detection of aniline in dilute aqueous acid at a platinum electrode. A wall jet cell was designed for the analysis of aniline vapour in air which was continuously trapped in dilute acid and periodically injected into a fia system. The cell was not affected by small gas bubbles and was reasonably portable.
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Teh, Tong H. "A novel electrochemical technique for mineral scale coverage and scaling tendency quantification". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2488.

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Mineral scaling poses a far greater problem to any industry that uses or produces water. The quality of water used by industry varies widely and gives rise to numerous scaling problems. Mineral scale formation and deposition on equipment surface causes major flow assurance concerns particularly apparent in the offshore oil and gas industry. An improper of scale management programmes could lead to a rapid mineral scale build up and subsequently significant reductions in productivity and compromises the operational safety of process equipment (i.e. safety valves) as a result of blockage. The result is costly workovers increasing project operating costs (OPEX) due to the need for scale dissolver treatments and significant production losses. As part of scale management programme, it is desirable to be able to quantify the extent of the mineral scale that has deposited on component surface and also to be able to monitor the changes of likelihood that a production fluid will precipitate out mineral scale. The nature of this research is focus on exploring a simple approach or a methodology to detect the mineral scale formed specifically for calcium carbonate on the electrode surface. The application of a submerged impinging jet (SIJ) in conjunction with an electrochemical technique was developed. The development of this technique has been taken into the consideration of advantages and disadvantages of the current available scale detection techniques. Not only has the complexity of equipment and facilities been considered during the development stage, but the data interpretation of the existing technologies has been considered. In general, efforts have concentrated upon strategies to develop and to validate this methodology for the scale coverage on the electrode surface as well as monitoring the scaling tendency through the electrochemical technique measurement. Various verifications and experiments were undertaken to ensure the reliability of the use of electrochemical measurement and SIJ geometry configurations. The influence of surface condition on the sensitivity of this technique were also assessed This technique clearly demonstrated that various levels of mineral deposition on the surface could be quantified. This included the calcium carbonate deposition in the presence and absence of magnesium ions. In this study, a similar SIJ set up configuration was used for scaling tendency measurement to quantify and predict whether scaling will occur in water or brine solution. The scaling tendency results illustrated that there was a good correlation between the saturation ratio and the scaling tendency slope measurement by an electrochemical analysis. The contribution main of this research contributes to a better understanding of the used of SIJ for scale detection, monitoring and quantification of calcium carbonate scale formation.
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Toura, Hanae. "Elaboration and characterization by electrochemical technique CZTS thin layers for photovoltaic application". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/154334.

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[EN] The increase in energy needs, particularly in terms of environmental protection, has greatly stimulated research in the field of photovoltaic conversion in recent years. Solar radiation provides an excellent resource for producing clean and sustainable electricity without toxic pollution or global warming, but in terms of high demand for energy for electricity production as well as the toxicity or scarcity of components constitute the solar cells, this solar transformation technology is still somewhat limited. Because these parameters constitute the main environmental concerns surrounding the photovoltaic industry. The compound Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) can be considered as one of the most promising absorbent layer materials for low cost thin film solar cells. The abundance and non-toxicity of the constituent elements this promising material is the subject of this work. Obviously, this leads us to think about optimizing the other parameters influencing the formation of thin layers by the electrodeposition method. An electrochemical deposition technique which offers an advantageous alternative from an economic point of view and especially from the possibility of using large surface substrates. The initial focus was on determining the optimal parameters for the CZTS quaternary thin film development process. The electrodeposition is implemented by the technique of polarization of a potentiostatic electrode. Because this technique is based on the deposition potential of each substance constituting the electrolytic bath, a study has been conducted on the effect of the factors of complexity in order to assimilate these reduction potentials. Then, the annealing process which is a necessary step in the formation of absorbent layers in CZTS was mastered, under the influence of the complexity factor so as to reduce the annealing temperature while preserving the properties of the material. High quality kesterite films with a compact morphology and a well-defined crystal structure at low temperatures were synthesized using Na2SO4 as the complexing agent. Subsequently, the CZTS kesterite films were prepared on different conductive substrates (ITO, FTO and Mo / glass) due to specifying the effect of back contact. The best behavior is a specific combination of the parameters studied. This work made it possible in particular to master the composition of the films deposited, the annealing process as well as the necessary characterization techniques. Finally, our strategy implements a digital simulation of the CZTS solar cell using the SCAPS-1D software. After the experimental visualization of the thin layers of CZTS on different conductive substrates, modeling by the SCAPS-1D software of the CZTS solar cell device showed that the back-contact Mo mounts the best performances.
[ES] El aumento de las necesidades energéticas, particularmente en términos de protección del medio ambiente, ha estimulado en gran medida la investigación en el campo de la conversión fotovoltaica en los últimos años. La radiación solar proporciona un recurso excelente para producir electricidad limpia y sostenible sin contaminación tóxica o calentamiento global, pero en términos de alta demanda de energía eléctrica, así como la toxicidad o escasez de componentes que constituyen las células solares, esta tecnología de transformación solar todavía es algo limitada. En consecuencia estos parámetros constituyen las principales preocupaciones ambientales que rodean a la industria fotovoltaica. El compuesto Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) puede considerarse como uno de los materiales absorbentes más prometedores para las células solares de película delgada de bajo costo. La abundancia y la no toxicidad de los elementos constitutivos de este prometedor material es el tema de este trabajo. Este objetivo nos ha llevado a pensar en optimizar los parámetros que influyen en la formación de capas delgadas por métodos electroquímicos. La técnica de deposición electroquímica o electrodeposición catódica ofrece una alternativa ventajosa desde un punto de vista económico y especialmente ofrece la posibilidad de utilizar sustratos de gran superficie. El enfoque inicial fue determinar los parámetros óptimos para el proceso de desarrollo de película delgada cuaternaria de CZTS. La electrodeposición se implementó mediante la técnica de polarización de un electrodo por el método potenciostático, o sea a potencial constante. Debido a que esta técnica se basa en el potencial de deposición de cada sustancia que constituye el baño electrolítico, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio sobre el efecto de los factores de complejidad para acercar estos potenciales de reducción. Una vez fueron depositadas las capas, se continuó con el estudio del proceso de recocido, que es un paso necesario en la formación de capas absorbentes de CZTS bajo la influencia del factor de complejidad, debido a que conviene reducir la temperatura de recocido mientras se intenta conservan las propiedades del material. Se sintetizaron películas de kesterita de alta calidad con una morfología compacta y una estructura cristalina bien definida a bajas temperaturas usando Na2SO4 como agente acomplejante. Posteriormente, las películas de kesterita CZTS se prepararon en diferentes sustratos conductores (ITO, FTO y Mo / vidrio) para estudiar el efecto del contacto posterior. Comprobamos que el mejor comportamiento se produce para una combinación específica de los parámetros estudiados. En particular este trabajo nos ha permitido controlar la composición de las películas depositadas, dominar el proceso de recocido y usar las técnicas de caracterización necesarias para evaluar la composicion, calidad y propiedades optoelectrónicas de las capas de CZTS sintetizadas. Finalmente, nuestra estrategia implementa una simulación digital de la célula solar CZTS utilizando el software SCAPS-1D. Después de la visualización experimental de las capas delgadas de CZTS en diferentes sustratos conductores, el modelado por el software SCAPS1D del dispositivo de células solares CZTS demostró que el contacto trasero Mo ofrece los mejores rendimientos.
[FR] L'augmentation des besoins énergétiques, notamment en matière de protection de l'environnement, a fortement stimulé la recherche dans le domaine de la conversion photovoltaïque ces dernières années. Le rayonnement solaire fournit une excellente ressource pour produire de l'électricité propre et durable sans pollution toxique ni réchauffement climatique, mais en termes de forte demande d'énergie pour la production de l’électricité ainsi que la toxicité ou la rareté des composants constituent les cellules solaires, cette technologie de transformation solaire est encore un peu limitée. En raison que ces paramètres constituent les principales préoccupations environnementales entourant l'industrie photovoltaïque. Le composé C2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) peut être considéré comme l'un des matériaux de couche absorbante les plus prometteurs pour les cellules solaires en couches minces à faible coût. L’abondance et la non-toxicité des éléments constitutifs ce matériau prometteur fait l'objet de ce travail. De toute évidence, cela nous amène à réfléchir pour optimiser les autres paramètres influençant la formation de couches minces par la méthode d'électrodéposition. Une technique de dépôt par voie électrochimique qui offre une alternative avantageuse du point de vue économique et surtout de la possibilité d’utiliser des substrats de grande surface. Initialement, l'accent était mis sur la détermination des paramètres optimaux pour le processus d’élaboration de couches minces du quaternaire CZTS. L'électrodéposition est mise en œuvre par la technique de polarisation d'une électrode potentiostatique. En raison, que cette technique reposant sur le potentiel de dépôt de chaque substance constituant le bain électrolytique, une étude a été menée sur l'effet des facteurs de complexité afin de rapprocher ces potentiels de réduction. Ensuite, Le processus de recuit qui est une étape nécessaire dans la formation de couches absorbantes en CZTS a été maîtriser, sous l'influence du facteur de complexité en raison de réduire la température de recuit tout en conservant les propriétés du matériau. Des films de kësterite de haute qualité avec une morphologie compacte et une structure cristalline bien définie à basse température ont été synthétisés en utilisant Na2SO4 comme agent complexant. Par la suite, les films de kestérite CZTS ont été préparés sur différents substrats conducteurs (ITO, FTO et Mo / verre) en raison de spécifier l'effet du contact arrière. Le meilleur comportement est une combinaison spécifique des paramètres étudiés. Ces travaux ont permis notamment de maîtriser la composition des films déposés, le processus de recuit ainsi que les techniques de caractérisation nécessaire. Finalement, notre stratégie met en œuvre une simulation numérique de la cellule solaire CZTS à l'aide du logiciel SCAPS − 1D. Après la visualisation expérimentale des couches minces de Czts sur différent substrats conducteur, une modélisation par le logiciel SCAPS-1D du dispositif CZTS cellules solaires a montré que le Mo contact arrière monte les meilleures performances.
[CA] L'augment de les necessitats energètiques, particularment en termes de protecció de l'entorn, ha estimulat en gran mesura la investigació en el camp de la conversió fotovoltaica en els últims anys. La radiació solar proporciona un recurs excel·lent per produir electricitat neta i sostenible sense contaminació tòxica ni escalfament global, però en termes de l'alta demanda d'energia elèctrica, així com la toxicitat o escassetat de components que constitueixen les cèl·lules solars, aquesta tecnologia de transformació solar encara trova barreres limitadores. En conseqüència aquests paràmetres constitueixen les principals preocupacions ambientals que envolten a la indústria fotovoltaica. El compost Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pot considerar-se com un dels materials absorbents més prometedors per a les cèl·lules solars de pel·lícula prima i de baix cost. L'abundància i la no toxicitat dels elements constitutius d'aquest prometedor material és el tema d'aquest treball. Aquest objectiu ens ha portat a treballar en l’optimització dels paràmetres que influeixen en la formació de capes primes de CZTS per mètodes electroquímics. La tècnica de deposició electroquímica o electrodeposició catòdica ofereix una alternativa avantatjosa des d'un punt de vista econòmic i especialment ofereix la possibilitat d'utilitzar substrats de gran superfície. L'enfocament inicial va ser determinar els paràmetres òptims per al procés de desenvolupament d’una pel·lícula prima quaternària de CZTS. La electrodeposició es va implementar mitjançant la tècnica de polarització d'un elèctrode pel mètode potenciostàtic, o siga a potencial constant. Aquesta tècnica es basa en el potencial de deposició de cada substància que constitueix el bany electrolític es diferent i per tant s'ha dut a terme un estudi sobre l'efecte dels factors de complexitat per tal apropar aquests potencials de reducció de tots els components involucrats. Un cop van ser dipositades les capes, es va continuar amb l’estudi del procés de recuit, que és un pas necessari en la formació de capes absorbents de CZTS sota la influència del factor de complexitat, a causa de la reducció de la temperatura de recuit mentre es conserven les propietats de l'material. Es van sintetitzar pel·lícules de kesterita d'alta qualitat amb una morfologia compacta i una estructura cristal·lina ben definida a baixes temperatures usant Na2SO4 com a agent acomplexant. Posteriorment, les pel·lícules de kesterita CZTS es van preparar en diferents substrats conductors (ITO, FTO i Mo / vidre) per estudiar l'efecte del contacte posterior sobre les capes fines. Obtinguerem que el millor comportament és una combinació específica dels paràmetres estudiats. En particular aquest treball ens ha permès controlar la composició de les pel·lícules dipositades, controlar el procés de recuit i usar les tècniques de caracterització necessàries per avaluar la composició, qualitat i propietats optoelectròniques de les capes de CZTS depositades. Finalment, en la nostra estratègia es va implementar una simulació numérica d’una cèl·lula solar de CZTS utilitzant el programari SCAPS-1D. Després de la visualització experimental de les capes primes de CZTS en diferents substrats conductors, el modelatge pel programari SCAPS-1D del dispositiu fotovoltaic de CZTS va demostrar que el contacte posterior de Mo és el que ofereix el millor rendiment.
I would like to thank the Moroccan Center for Scientific and Technical Research and the Doctoral school of the Polytechnic University of Valencia for the financial assistance they have allocated. I also extend my sincere thanks to the UPV Electron Microscopy Service and to Mr Ángel Sans Tresserras for their help to learn how to work with characterization techniques.
Toura, H. (2020). Elaboration and characterization by electrochemical technique CZTS thin layers for photovoltaic application [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/154334
TESIS
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Limson, Janice Leigh. "Electrochemical studies of metal-ligand interactions and of metal binding proteins". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018239.

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Electrochemical methods were researched for the analysis of metals, proteins and the identification of metal binding proteins. Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltamrnetry for metal analysis combines the inherent sensitivity of electrochemical techniques with the specificity of ligands for the nonfaradaic preconcentration of analytes at the electrode. The utility of catechol, resorcinol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-t-butylcatechol as ligands was explored for the sensitive analysis of copper, bismuth, cadmium and lead on a mercury film glassy carbon electrode. Metal complexes of lead, copper and bismuth with resorcinol showed the largest increase in current with increase in metal concentration, whereas complexes of these metals with 4-t-butylcatechol showed the lowest current response. Cadmium showed the highest current responses with 4-methylcatechol. The four metals could be determined simultaneously in the presence of resorcinol, although considerable interference was observed between bismuth and copper. The electroanalysis of cysteine and cysteine containing proteins at carbon electrodes are impaired by slow electron transfer rates at carbon electrodes, exhibiting high overpotentials, greater than 1 V vs Ag! Agel. Metallophthalocyanines have been shown to promote the electrocatalysis of cysteine at lowered potentials. Chemical modification of electrodes with appropriate modifiers is a means of incorporating specificity into electroanalysis, with applications in electrocatalysis. A glassy carbon electrode was modified by electrodeposition of cobalt (II) tetrasulphophthalocyanine [Co(II)TSPct to produce a chemically modified glassy carbon electrode (CMGCE). The CoTSPc-CMGCE catalysed the oxidation of cysteine in the pH range 1 to 10. The significance of this electrode is an application for analysis of proteins at biological pH's. A biscyanoruthenium(II) phthalocyanine CMGCE catalysed the oxidation of cysteine at 0.43 V vs Ag/AgCl a significant lowering in the overpotential for the oxidation of cysteine. Metallothionein, a metal binding protein, is believed to be involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification in the peripheral organs of living systems. A method for the quantitative determination of this protein utilising its high cysteine content was presented. At pH 8.4 Tris-HCl buffer, and using a CoTSPc-CMGCE modified by electrodeposition of the modifier, the anodic peaks for the oxidation of metallothionein was observed at 0. 90 V vs Ag/ AgCI. Ferredoxin is a simple iron-sulphur protein. One tenth of its residues are cysteine. Ferredoxin is involved in simple electron transfer processes during photosynthesis and respiration. Electrochemical studies of spinach ferredoxin were conducted at a CoTSPc-CMGCE. Anodic currents for the oxidation of the cysteine fragment of ferredoxin was observed at 0.85 V vs Ag/AgCl in HEPES buffer at pH 7.4, representing a new method for analysis of this protein. Voltammetric studies of its ferric/ferrous transition have shown quasi-reversible waves atE~ -0.62 V vs Ag/AgCl only in the presence of promoters. At a CoTSPc-CMGCE, a cathodic wave attributed to the reduction of Fe(III)/Fe(II) was observed at Epc -0.34 V vs Ag/AgCl. This represents an alternative method for voltammetric studies of the ferric/ferrous transition at significantly lowered potentials. Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone functions m setting and entraining circadian rhythms and in neuroprotection as a free radical scavenger and general antioxidant. Using adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry, the binding affinities of melatonin, serotonin and tryptophan for metals, were measured. The results showed that the following metal complexes were formed: aluminium with melatonin, serotonin and tryptophan; cadmium with melatonin and tryptophan; copper with melatonin and serotonin; iron (III) with melatonin and serotonin; lead with melatonin, tryptophan and serotonin, zinc with melatonin and tryptophan and iron (II) with tryptophan. The studies suggest a further role for melatonin in the reduction of free radical generation and in metal detoxification and may explain the accumulation of aluminium in Alzheimer's disease.
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Hawkins, Thomas Matthew. "Studies toward an electrochemical technique for the patterned immobilisation of biomolecules on surfaces". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286621.

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Yasinok, Gozde Ceren. "Development Of Electrochemical Etch-stop Techniques For Integrated Mems Sensors". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607538/index.pdf.

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This thesis presents the development of electrochemical etch-stop techniques (ECES) to achieve high precision 3-dimensional integrated MEMS sensors with wet anisotropic etching by applying proper voltages to various regions in silicon. The anisotropic etchant is selected as tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide, TMAH, considering its high silicon etch rate, selectivity towards SiO2, and CMOS compatibility, especially during front-side etching of the chip/wafer. A number of parameters affecting the etching are investigated, including the effect of temperature, illumination, and concentration of the etchant over the etch rate of silicon, surface roughness, and biasing voltages. The biasing voltages for passivating the n-well and enhancing the etching reactions on p-substrate are determined as -0.5V and -1.6V, respectively, after a series of current-voltage characteristic experiments. The surface roughness due to TMAH etching is prevented with the addition of ammonium peroxodisulfate, AP. A proper etching process is achieved using a 10wt.% TMAH at 85°
C with 10gr/lt. AP. Different silicon etch samples are produced in METU-MET facilities to understand and optimize ECES parameters that can be used for CMOS microbolometers. The etch samples are fabricated using various processes, including thermal oxidation, boron and phosphorus diffusions, aluminum and silicon nitride layer deposition processes. Etching with the prepared samples shows the dependency of the depletion layer between p-substrate and n&
#8209
well, explaining the reason of the previous failures during post-CMOS etching of CMOS microbolometers from the front side. Succesfully etched CMOS microbolometers are achieved with back side etching in 6M KOH at 90 °
C, where &
#8209
3.5V and 1.5V are applied to the p-substrate and n-well. In summary, this study provides an extensive understanding of the ECES process for successful implementations of integrated MEMS sensors.
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Korzan, Margaret Antonia. "Application of a passive electrochemical noise technique to localized corrosion of candidate radioactive waste container materials". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33516.

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Lisenkov, Aleksey. "Electrochemical synthesis of thin oxide films on titanium and aluminium surfaces using high voltage anodisation technique". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22469.

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Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais
A síntese eletroquímica de filmes finos de óxido usando a técnica de oxidação de alta tensão e a investigação da estrutura, propriedades físicas e químicas dos filmes obtidos são os principais objetivos desta tese. A anodização de metais sob a ação de vários kilovolts produz filmes com espessura pequena (até 180 nm) e com propriedades diferentes dos filmes formados usando técnicas eletroquímicas convencionais. As camadas de óxido depositadas desta forma conferem, frequentemente, melhores propriedades de proteção, semicondutoras e fotoeletroquímicas. No âmbito deste trabalho filmes finos sobre titânio e alumínio foram preparados em diferentes eletrólitos, incluindo soluções de ácidos e sais, bem como em água desionizada e peróxido de hidrogénio. Mostra-se que os filmes preparados por oxidação com descarga pulsada de alta tensão têm estrutura superficial e propriedades elétricas mais uniformes em comparação com os obtidos por anodização convencional. Outro objetivo do trabalho é a dopagem dos filmes anódicos com diferentes dopantes, por incorporação de espécies do eletrólito durante a formação do filme. Os filmes preparados por oxidação de descarga pulsada de alta tensão no titânio mostram uma melhor resposta de fotocorrente a comprimentos de onda pequenos e uma concentração mais baixa de dadores ionizados, relativamente aos filmes obtidos por anodização convencional. Os filmes preparados por descarga no alumínio e titânio são formados por uma camada compacta. Estudos sobre o processo de descarga revelaram que o principal fator que influencia a cinética de crescimento do filme de óxido é a concentração de defeitos pontuais, que por sua vez é determinada pela composição do eletrólito. Também se mostrou que as técnicas usando alta tensão permitem preparar filmes anódicos não só em soluções convencionais, mas igualmente em outros meios, tal como água desionizada, água destilada e peroxido de hidrogénio, onde a anodização por métodos convencionais (potenciostático ou galvanostático) é impossível. Além disso é revelado que a técnica da descarga pulsada de alta tensão é um método eficiente para encapsulação de nanocilindros de metal, preliminarmente depositados em nanoporos de titânia e alumina alinhados verticalmente.
Electrochemical synthesis of thin oxide films by using the high-voltage oxidation technique and investigation of structure, physical and chemical properties of the obtained films are the main objectives of this thesis. Anodisation of metals under action of several kilovolts allow to produce films with rather low thickness (up to 180 nm) and with properties different from the films created by using conventional electrochemical approaches. The oxide layers deposited in this way often confer advanced protective, semiconductor and photoelectrochemical properties. In the frame of this thesis thin films on titanium and aluminium were prepared in several electrolytes, including solutions of acids and salts as well as in deionised water and hydrogen peroxide. It is shown that the films prepared by powerful pulsed discharge oxidation are characterized by more uniform surface structure and electrical properties in comparison to those obtained by conventional anodization. Another aim of the work is doping of the anodic films with different dopants by incorporation of species from the electrolyte during the film formation. Films prepared by powerful pulsed discharge oxidation technique on titanium demonstrate a significantly improved photocurrent response at short wavelengths and an essentially lower concentration of ionized donors as compared with the films obtained by conventional anodization. The discharge-prepared films on both aluminium and titanium are composed by one compact layer. Studies of the discharge processes revealed that the main factor influencing the kinetics of the oxide film growth is the concentration of point defects which, in turn, is determined by the composition of electrolyte. Also, it was shown that the high voltage techniques allow to prepare anodic films not only in conventional solutions, but also in other media such as deionised water, distilled water and hydrogen peroxide, where anodisation by conventional (potentiostatic or galvanostatic) methods is impossible. Furthermore, the powerful pulsed discharge technique is shown as efficient method for encapsulation of metal nanorods preliminarily deposited into the vertically aligned titania and alumina nanopores.
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Książki na temat "Electrochemical technique"

1

Lin, Changjian. An electrochemical technique for rapidly evaluating protective coatings on metals. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1988.

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Lin, Changjian. An electrochemical technique for rapidly evaluating protective coatings on metals. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1988.

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Sit, Shirley M. An electrochemical technique for measuring thin liquid films during squeeze flows. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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M.J.U.T. van Wijngaarden. The development of an electrochemical technique for the determinationof chromium oxide activities in molten slag systems. Randburg, South Africa: Council For Mineral Technology, 1988.

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Martin, Rachel D. Development and application of dynamic electrochemical techniques. [s.l.]: typescript, 1997.

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Frederick, Van Staden Jacobus, i Aboul-Enein Hassan Y, red. Electrochemical sensors in bioanalysis. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001.

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Visy, Csaba. In situ Combined Electrochemical Techniques for Conducting Polymers. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53515-9.

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Mojica-Calderon, C. Electrochemical techniques in hot corrosion of high temperature materials. Manchester: UMIST, 1992.

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Papavinasam, Sankara. Advances in electrochemical techniques for corrosion monitoring and measurement. Redaktor ASTM Committee G-1 on Corrosion of Metals. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2009.

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Papavinasam, Sankara, Neal S. Berke i Sean Brossia, red. Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1506-eb.

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Części książek na temat "Electrochemical technique"

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Matsushita, Nobuhiro. "Surface Modification with Hydrothermal–Electrochemical Technique". W Novel Structured Metallic and Inorganic Materials, 485–503. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7611-5_33.

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Besenhard, J. O. "Strengths and Limitations of the Electrochemical Technique". W Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 276–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145326.ch161.

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Stimming, Ulrich. "Use of the Frozen Electrolyte Electrochemical Technique for the Investigation of Electrochemical Behavior". W ACS Symposium Series, 275–93. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0378.ch019.

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Liu, X. M., H. Y. Li, Jian Cheng Fang, Z. Y. Zhao i Kai Yong Jiang. "Study on the Technique of Pulse Electrochemical Mechanical Finishing". W Advances in Grinding and Abrasive Technology XIII, 393–97. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-986-5.393.

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Abuzriba, Mokhtar B., i Salem M. Musa. "Measuring the Degree of Sensitization (DOS) Using an Electrochemical Technique". W Springer Proceedings in Physics, 197–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16919-4_26.

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Suresh, Girija, U. Kamachi Mudali i Baldev Raj. "Electrochemical Noise as Nondestructive Evaluation Technique for Understanding and Monitoring Corrosion". W Non-Destructive Evaluation of Corrosion and Corrosion-assisted Cracking, 198–244. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118987735.ch7.

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Ye, Wei, i Xiao Xiang Wang. "Morphologies of Hydroxyapatite Crystal Deposited on Titanium Surface with Electrochemical Technique". W Key Engineering Materials, 601–4. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-422-7.601.

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Zhou, Shi-Yu, Lei-Jie Lai, Guo-Ying Gu i Li-Min Zhu. "A Digital Lock-In Amplifier Based Contact Detection Technique for Electrochemical Nanolithography". W Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 313–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33515-0_32.

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Sangeethakrishnan, S., E. Rajkeerthi, P. Hariharan i G. Bhavesh. "Design and Development of Tool Electrode for Electrochemical Micromachining Using Reverse EMM Technique". W Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 339–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9425-7_30.

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Sharma, Priyanka, Prem Pal, Ashutosh Mishra, Mohit Bhandwal i Ajay Sharma. "A Novel System for Exhaust Emission Reduction of Diesel Engine by Using Electrochemical Technique". W Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 243–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6416-7_23.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Electrochemical technique"

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Silveira Leal, José Eduardo, Teófilo Jacob Freitas e Souza, Sinésio Franco, Vera Lúcia Donizeti de Sousa FRanco i Rosenda Arencibia. "A CONTRIBUTION TO ELECTROCHEMICAL NANOINDENTATION TECHNIQUE". W 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-1419.

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BARILLARO, G., F. D'ANGELO i G. PENNELLI. "ELECTROCHEMICAL SILICON MICROMACHINING: A NEW TECHNIQUE". W Proceedings of the 8th Italian Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702944_0066.

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Li, Hongyou, Xiaomei Liu, Yinbiao Guo, Chen Jiang i Hui Wang. "Research on Technique of Pulse Electrochemical Surface Finishing". W 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2009.537.

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Ch., J., i J. Dawson. "Electrochemical noise monitoring technique for cathodic protection systems". W OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1985.1160096.

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Jumaah, Majd Ahmed, i Mohamed Rozali Othman. "Decolorization of landfill leachate using electrochemical oxidation technique". W THE 2015 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2015 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4931311.

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Ma, Xiangjuan, Zucheng Wu, Feng Yu, Fan Luo i Yanqing Cong. "Applications of Electrochemical Technique for Organic Wastewater Treatment". W 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.414.

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Mansfeld, Florian. "The Electrochemical Noise Technique — Applications in Corrosion Research". W NOISE AND FLUCTUATIONS: 18th International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations - ICNF 2005. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2036830.

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Prasad, S., N. Gupta, R. Narayanan i T. Anderson. "An electrochemical flow visualization technique for liquid metal systems". W 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-735.

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De Roux, Edwin, M. Terosiet, F. Kolbl, M. Boissiere, A. Histace i O. Romain. "Toward an OFDM-Based Technique for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy". W 2018 21st Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsd.2018.00086.

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Surganov, V., i A. Mozalev. "Planar aluminium multilevel interconnection formed by electrochemical anodizing technique". W European Workshop Materials for Advanced Metallization. MAM'97 Abstracts Booklet. IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mam.1997.621070.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Electrochemical technique"

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Lin, Changjian. An electrochemical technique for rapidly evaluating protective coatings on metals. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1253.

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Wolfenstine, J., D. Tran, K. Zhou i J. Sakamoto. Thermoelectric Properties of Cobalt Triantimonide (CoSb3) Prepared by an Electrochemical Technique. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, kwiecień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada517673.

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Korzan, Margaret Antonia. Application of a passive electrochemical noise technique to localized corrosion of candidate radioactive waste container materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/671864.

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Roy, Ajit. Galvanic corrosion testing using electrochemical and immersion techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2647.

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Bruce W. Bussert, John A. Crowley, Kenneth J. Kimball i Brian J. Lashway. The Use of Electrochemical Techniques to Characterize Wet Steam Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821376.

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Hu, Hongqiang, Claire Xiong, Mike Hurley i Ju Li. Establishing New Capability of High Temperature Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Techniques for Equilibrium and Kinetic Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1468632.

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DeMuth, Scott, i C. Scherer. SAFEGUARDS PERFORMANCE MODELING - Development of Advanced Safeguards by Design (SBD) Analyses Techniques for an Electrochemical Reprocessing Facility, and Comparison with past Similar Efforts for Aqueous Reprocessing. Interim status report for FY 2009. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1551006.

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