Artykuły w czasopismach: „Electro-optical Model”

1

Capmany, José, i Carlos R. Fernández-Pousa. "Quantum model for electro-optical amplitude modulation". Optics Express 18, nr 24 (17.11.2010): 25127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.025127.

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Capmany, José, i Carlos R. Fernández-Pousa. "Quantum model for electro-optical phase modulation". Journal of the Optical Society of America B 27, nr 6 (30.04.2010): A119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.27.00a119.

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Liu, Pengcheng, Yingqi Ma i Jianwei Han. "Preliminary Study on Detecting the Internal Voltage Values of Integrated Circuits Based on Electro-Optical Frequency Mapping". Applied Sciences 12, nr 3 (24.01.2022): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031188.

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Electro-optical frequency mapping (EOFM) technology can detect node signals from the backside of integrated circuits (ICs). In the past, the detected signal only qualitatively represented the electrical activity strength inside the device. In this paper, the electro-optical signal generation mechanism of the device is systematically studied, and a concise physical model of laser beam modulation based on the optical transmission matrix is proposed. Firstly, the influence of the bandwidth of the laser and each structure covered by the laser spot on the electro-optical signal of the device is well described by the model. Secondly, the model quantifies the electro-optical signal strength, and shows it is positively correlated with the laser wavelength and the reverse bias voltage. Finally, the model is used to quantitatively calculate the accurate voltage level of the internal node inside the device using the detected signal, and the calculation results match well with the experimental results. The model provides theoretical guidance for the efficient and accurate extraction of internal voltage values of devices by EOFM technology.

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Qin, Ming, Huaixun Luan, Enqiao Xiao i Peng Xu. "P‐6.3: A New Inspection and Evaluation System for Electro‐optical Characteristics of Display Module". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, S1 (kwiecień 2023): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16385.

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By referring to semiconductor measurement technology, we have established an evaluation system (CMCI‐G100, or G100 for short), which can provide a novel evaluation model for electro‐optical characteristics of display module. G100 can achieve ns‐ level synchronous acquisition of electric and optical parameters, which is attributed to the optimization of optical, mechanical and electrical design. On this basis, the software algorithm uniformly models the high‐precision synchronous electro‐optical signal parameters, and evaluates the display quality from a new dimension of electro‐optical collaboration. Besides, G100 support high‐precision electrical and optical parameter measurement, which will bring great help to laboratory work. Owing to the electro‐optical synchronization, G100 can greatly improve the efficiency of Gamma correction.

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Liu, Chao, Yao Mao i Xiaoxia Qiu. "Disturbance-Observer-Based LQR Tracking Control for Electro-Optical System". Photonics 10, nr 8 (3.08.2023): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080900.

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To improve the dynamic property and the disturbance suppression ability of an electro-optical tracking system, this paper presents a disturbance-observer-based LQR tracking control method. The disturbance-observer-based robust controller is composed of three parts: one is the LQR tracking controller, one is the reference model controller and the other is a compensatory controller designed with the output of the disturbance observer. The uncertainty and disturbances are considered in the controller design. By Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, the sufficient conditions for observer gain and controller gain of the tracking reference model of the electro-optical system are given. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method in this paper not only improved the disturbance suppression ability of the electro-optical tracking system but also improved the dynamic property of the electro-optical tracking system, such as rise time, settling time and system overshoot. Specially, compared with other methods in this paper, the tracking accuracy and the disturbance suppression ability of the proposed method are about two to three times higher. The method presented in this paper has important reference value in the field of electro-optical system applications. But, with the development of electro-optical system applications, the tracking accuracy and disturbance suppression ability of the proposed method cannot meet the actual requirements of an electro-optical system. The next step of this paper will consider a variety of practical requirements, such as the controller saturation problem and tracking reference target with strong maneuverability, and further optimize the proposed method.

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Hulea, Mircea, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Sujan Rajbhandari, Othman Isam Younus i Alexandru Barleanu. "Optical Axons for Electro-Optical Neural Networks". Sensors 20, nr 21 (27.10.2020): 6119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216119.

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Recently, neuromorphic sensors, which convert analogue signals to spiking frequencies, have been reported for neurorobotics. In bio-inspired systems these sensors are connected to the main neural unit to perform post-processing of the sensor data. The performance of spiking neural networks has been improved using optical synapses, which offer parallel communications between the distanced neural areas but are sensitive to the intensity variations of the optical signal. For systems with several neuromorphic sensors, which are connected optically to the main unit, the use of optical synapses is not an advantage. To address this, in this paper we propose and experimentally verify optical axons with synapses activated optically using digital signals. The synaptic weights are encoded by the energy of the stimuli, which are then optically transmitted independently. We show that the optical intensity fluctuations and link’s misalignment result in delay in activation of the synapses. For the proposed optical axon, we have demonstrated line of sight transmission over a maximum link length of 190 cm with a delay of 8 μs. Furthermore, we show the axon delay as a function of the illuminance using a fitted model for which the root mean square error (RMS) similarity is 0.95.

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Smirnov, Konstantin S., Daniel Bougeard i Poonam Tandon. "Electro-optical Parameters of Bond Polarizability Model for Aluminosilicates". Journal of Physical Chemistry A 110, nr 13 (kwiecień 2006): 4516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp060151+.

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Górecki, Krzysztof, i Przemysław Ptak. "New dynamic electro-thermo-optical model of power LEDs". Microelectronics Reliability 91 (grudzień 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2018.07.132.

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Horoshko, D. B., M. M. Eskandary i S. Ya Kilin. "Quantum model for traveling-wave electro-optical phase modulator". Journal of the Optical Society of America B 35, nr 11 (11.10.2018): 2744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.35.002744.

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Akram, Shazad, Kent Bertilsson i Johan Siden. "LTspice Electro-Thermal Model of Joule Heating in High Density Polyethylene Optical Fiber Microducts". Electronics 8, nr 12 (1.12.2019): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121453.

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At present, optical fiber microducts are joined together by mechanical type joints. Mechanical joints are bulky, require more space in multiple duct installations, and have poor water sealing capability. Optical fiber microducts are made of high-density polyethylene which is considered best for welding by remelting. Mechanical joints can be replaced with welded joints if the outer surface layer of the optical fiber microduct is remelted within one second and without thermal damage to the inner surface of the optical fiber duct. To fulfill these requirements, an electro-thermal model of Joule heat generation using a copper coil and heat propagation inside different layers of optical fiber microducts was developed and validated. The electro-thermal model is based on electro-thermal analogy that uses the electrical equivalent to thermal parameters. Depending upon the geometric shape and material properties of the high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and copper coil, the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance values were calculated and connected to the Cauer RC-ladder configuration. The power input to Joule heating coil and thermal convection resistance to surrounding air were also calculated and modelled. The calculated thermal model was then simulated in LTspice, and real measurements with 50 µm K-type thermocouples were conducted to check the validity of the model. Due to the non-linear transient thermal behavior of polyethylene and variations in the convection resistance values, the calculated thermal model was then optimized for best curve fitting. Optimizations were conducted for convection resistance and the power input model only. The calculated thermal parameters of the polyethylene layers were kept intact to preserve the thermal model to physical structure relationship. Simulation of the optimized electro-thermal model and actual measurements showed to be in good agreement.

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Hbeeb, Sadeq. "Estimation of analytical model for enhancement and implementation of an electro-optic switch". Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 13, nr 2 (1.12.2017): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.13.2.3.

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This research presents a technique of an electro optic effect for enhancement the an accomplishment of an electro optics switch using Mat lab simulation program . this technique includes design a mathematical model for evaluate the effect of different parameters such as refractive index (n), distance of separation between waveguides (d), length of electrodes (L), relative refractive index (Δn), and switching voltage (V), on the DC bias voltage of an electro optics switch. In this work the investigation of performance of an electro optics switch by analysis of an effect of distance between waveguides and the changing of refractive index on the bias voltage (V), and which optimizes when the wavelength is from 1300 into 1550 nm. Finally, an electro-optic active switch is designed and optimized, using the analytical model and which considers important device in the modern optical communication system.

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Song, Jian, David Conn, Xiaohua Wu i Kent Nickerson. "An equivalent circuit model of the optical probe in electro-optical sampling systems". Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 6, nr 8 (20.06.1993): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650060812.

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Zheng, Jia, Jincai Chen, Xinjian Wu, Han Liang, Zhi Zheng, Chuanbo Zhu, Yifan Liu, Chao Sun, Chuanqin Wang i Dahua He. "Analysis and Compensation of Installation Perpendicularity Error in Unmanned Surface Vehicle Electro-Optical Devices by Using Sea–Sky Line Images". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, nr 4 (19.04.2023): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040863.

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As an important sensor of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV), an electro-optical device is usually used to detect ships and obstacles in USV autonomous navigation and collision avoidance. However, the installation perpendicularity error of the electro-optical device greatly impacts the line-of-sight (LOS) stability control. This error is difficult to eliminate through mechanical calibration because the platform inertial navigation axis cannot be led out. This study aims to establish the model for the perpendicularity error of electro-optical devices during circumferential scanning and analyze its impact on the stability of LOS. In addition, we present a measurement technique for perpendicularity errors utilizing sea–sky line images. Through this method, we find an error function of LOS elevation angle, which is a convex function that can quickly search out high-precision perpendicularity errors step by step. Finally, we measured and compensated the perpendicularity error according to experimental data collected by the electro-optical device. The findings of this research demonstrate that the suggested approach can efficiently mitigate low-frequency disruptions and minor amplitude high-frequency vibrations of LOS in the elevation direction. As a result, it considerably enhances the precision of stability and image observation effect of electro-optical devices.

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Nijemcevic, Srecko, Milan Tasic, Branko Livada, Dragana Peric i Marko Tasic. "Thermal management evaluation of the complex electro-optical system". Thermal Science 21, nr 5 (2017): 2189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160328260n.

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The thermal management of a complex electro-optical system aimed for outdoor application is challenging task due to the requirement of having an air-sealed enclosure, harsh working environment, and an additional thermal load generated by sunlight. It is essential to consider the effect of heating loads in the system components, as well as the internal temperature distribution, that can have influence on the system life expectancy, operational readiness and parameters, and possibility for catastrophic failure. The main objective of this paper is to analyze internal temperature distribution and evaluate its influence on system component operation capability. The electro-optical system simplified model was defined and related thermal balance simulation model based on Solid Works thermal analysis module was set and applied for temperature distribution calculation. Various outdoor environment scenarios were compared to evaluate system temperature distribution and evaluate its influence on system operation, reliability, and life time in application environment. This work was done during the design process as a part of the electro-optical system optimization. The results show that temperature distribution will not be cause for catastrophic failure and malfunction operation during operation in the expected environment.

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Adnan Hbeeb, Sadeq. "Improvement of Overlap for 2x2 MZI Electro-Optic Switch Based on Lithium Tantalite (LiTaO3)". Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 25, nr 2 (19.07.2022): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.25020091.

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This research introduces a method of an electro-optic effect and electro-refractive effect that considers very imperative for high-speed optical communication systems. In this research, it presents way by a reduction the gap between the electrodes d, and this technique achieves to solve the problem of overlap for Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI electro-optical switch base on lithium tantalite LiTaO3, also this technique suggests a model for analysis the effect parameters on the electro-optic overlap of the electro-optic switch as the ordinary positive changing of refractive index and a length of arm switch. This study achieves a better overlap by large positive changing refractive index with a suitable small length of arm about 8µm and low driving power at least 4V/µm. Also, for lithium tantalite LiTaO3, this research achieves a better performance for system using the near infrared wavelength.

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Garbovskiy, Yuriy, i Anatoliy Glushchenko. "Frequency-dependent electro-optics of liquid crystal devices utilizing nematics and weakly conducting polymers". Advanced Optical Technologies 7, nr 4 (28.08.2018): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2018-0026.

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Abstract Conducting polymer films acting as both electrodes and alignment layers are very promising for the development of flexible and wearable tunable liquid crystal devices. The majority of existing publications report on the electro-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals and twisted nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between highly conducting polymers. In contrary, in this paper, electro-optics of nematic liquid crystals placed between rubbed weakly conducting polymers is studied. The combination of weakly conducting polymers and nematics enables a frequency-dependent tuning of the effective threshold voltage of the studied liquid crystal cells. This unusual electro-optics of liquid crystal cells utilizing nematics and weakly conducting polymers can be understood by considering equivalent electric circuits and material parameters of the cell. An elementary model of the observed electro-optical phenomenon is also presented.

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17

Li, Jian Wei, Nan Xu, Jian Li i Zhi Xin Zhang. "Ultrafast Electrical Signal Electro-Optic Sampling Test Theory and Test System". Advanced Materials Research 571 (wrzesień 2012): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.471.

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Discussed the principle of electro-optic sampling technique and implementation methods of Ultra-fast electrical signals, the electric field of electro-optical crystal and sampling pulses as well as the interaction between the principle of time scanning unit, established the coplanar waveguide parameters model, and analyzed the technical indicators of test system.

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Lin, Chi-Yun, Matthew G. Romei, Luke M. Oltrogge, Irimpan I. Mathews i Steven G. Boxer. "Unified Model for Photophysical and Electro-Optical Properties of Green Fluorescent Proteins". Journal of the American Chemical Society 141, nr 38 (27.08.2019): 15250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b07152.

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Affanni, A., G. Chiorboli, R. Specogna i F. Trevisan. "Uncertainty model of electro-optical thrombus growth estimation for early risk detection". Measurement 79 (luty 2016): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.05.045.

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Mieyeville, F., G. Jacquemod, F. Gaffiot i M. Belleville. "A behavioural opto-electro-thermal VCSEL model for simulation of optical links". Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 88, nr 3 (styczeń 2001): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(00)00521-5.

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Lin, Chi-Yun, Matthew G. Romei, Luke M. Oltrogge, Irimpan I. Mathews i Steven G. Boxer. "Unified Model for Photophysical and Electro-Optical Properties of Green Fluorescent Proteins". Biophysical Journal 118, nr 3 (luty 2020): 608a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3283.

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Shi, Yun Fei, i Jun Liu. "Multi-Physics Modeling and Simulation of Electro-Optical Sensing". Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (marzec 2015): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.292.

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With the rapid development of UHV technology, Electric field measurement technique has attracted lots of people's attention.Electro-optical sensors for measuring the electric field to become the main method due to the crystal optical fiber preparation and mature technology. This article describes the basic principles that Mach - Zehnder of lithium niobate optical modulator for electric field measurements.Designing the Mach - Zehnder electro-optic sensors in the Comsol Multiphysics oftware, the calculation model for the simulation results of bending radius that the optical waveguide transmission power loss minimum, a 3dB directional coupler to determine the length of the arm and finally adding a signal voltage, the applied voltage is obtained a linear relationship between the output power.

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Li, Xiaojun, i Jun Lu. "Giant enhancement of electronic polarizability and the first hyperpolarizability of fluoride-decorated graphene versus graphyne and graphdiyne: insights from ab initio calculations". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, nr 24 (2019): 13165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01118h.

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An effective strategy based on the adsorption of alkali-metal fluorides on graphene, graphyne, and graphdiyne is presented for exploring the strong electro-optical properties, which are correlated with the TDDFT two-level model.

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JIN, Y. H., i X. C. ZHANG. "TERAHERTZ OPTICAL RECTIFICATION". Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 04, nr 02 (kwiecień 1995): 459–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863595000185.

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We present experimental measurements of Terahertz optical rectification in electro-optic crystals. The measured data was compared with a simple theoretical analysis (anharmonic oscillator model). We also measured Terahertz-bandwidth subpicosecond electromagnetic radiation via nearly-degenerate difference-frequency generation in electrooptic materials. The variation in Terahertz emission with crystal orientation demonstrated that the generation of Terahertz radiation via optical rectification involves a bulk second-order nonlinear process. We studied Terahertz optical rectification from zincblende crystals as the incident photon energy was tuned across the semiconductor optical absorption band-edge (resonant excitation). We also present the measurement of temperature-dependent Terahertz optical rectification. A comparison between the two second-order nonlinear processes, sum-frequency generation (second-harmonic generation) and different-frequency generation (optical rectification) is presented.

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Englund, J. C., C. C. Sung i Y. Q. Li. "Model of optical bistability in the quantum-well self-electro-optic-effect device". Journal of the Optical Society of America B 4, nr 7 (1.07.1987): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.4.001083.

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Yuan, Ting, Ulrich Mescheder, Wolfgang Kronast i Chang Long Wang. "Optimization of Deformation Shape of an Active Electro-Optical Focusing Device". Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (lipiec 2011): 3116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3116.

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Severe deformation which was induced by internal (residual) stress was observed on the MOEMS focusing device without driving voltage. Based on beam suspended membrane, FEM software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to predict the deformation induced by internal stress, model parameters (beam width and length), boundary condition of the chip. Found the parameters which can make the membrane be relative flat initially. Expanded the model including ring shaped electrode, using COMSOL coupled fields(AC/DC-Electrostatics module, Structural Mechanics-Solid Mechanics module and Mathematics-Deformed Mesh-Moving Mesh module), found the inner radius of ring shaped electrode which can get perfect parabolic shape of membrane with large maximum relative deflection under driving voltage.

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Kaniewski, Piotr, Piotr Smagowski i Stanislaw Konatowski. "Ballistic Target Tracking with Use of Cinetheodolites". International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (22.04.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3240898.

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The paper addresses a problem of ballistic object tracking with the use of the cinetheodolite electro-optical tracking system. Electro-optical systems are applied for acquiring the trajectory data of missiles, satellites, and rockets used for delivery of satellites to their prevised orbits. Despite the importance of such systems and their applications, in the open literature there are no publications describing tracking algorithms processing data from cinetheodolites. The paper describes a model-based algorithm of estimation of position and parameters of target motion for such a system, developed by the authors. The model of the system, nonlinear both in its description of the target dynamics and the measurement equations, is presented in detail. The proposed algorithm of estimation is also described, and chosen simulation results are included in the paper. Furthermore, a comparison of the proposed estimation algorithm with other possible, but simpler algorithms is presented.

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Li, Ke Yu, Fu Qing Tian i Jue Wang. "Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Control of Electro-Optical Tracking Servo Turntable". Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (czerwiec 2014): 1597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1597.

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The torque ripple of torque motor has serious influence over control accuracy of electro-optical tracking servo turntable. In response to this defect, an adaptive backstepping sliding mode control algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the mechanism of torque ripple was analyzed, and the math model of which was set up. Then, based on the model of whole servo system, the sliding mode control and backstepping algorithm were combined to design adaptive backstepping sliding mode (ABSM) controller. Finally, a simulation experiment was finished to with compare control performance of ABSM controller and PID controller. The simulation results show that, compared with the control accuracy of the PID controller, ABSM controller enhances the robustness of system, and approves control accuracy of servo turntable evidently.

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Amin, Rubab, Can Suer, Zhizhen Ma, Ibrahim Sarpkaya, Jacob B. Khurgin, Ritesh Agarwal i Volker J. Sorger. "Active material, optical mode and cavity impact on nanoscale electro-optic modulation performance". Nanophotonics 7, nr 2 (25.10.2017): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0072.

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AbstractElectro-optic modulation is a key function in optical data communication and possible future optical compute engines. The performance of modulators intricately depends on the interaction between the actively modulated material and the propagating waveguide mode. While a variety of high-performance modulators have been demonstrated, no comprehensive picture of what factors are most responsible for high performance has emerged so far. Here we report the first systematic and comprehensive analytical and computational investigation for high-performance compact on-chip electro-optic modulators by considering emerging active materials, model considerations and cavity feedback at the nanoscale. We discover that the delicate interplay between the material characteristics and the optical mode properties plays a key role in defining the modulator performance. Based on physical tradeoffs between index modulation, loss, optical confinement factors and slow-light effects, we find that there exist combinations of bias, material and optical mode that yield efficient phase or amplitude modulation with acceptable insertion loss. Furthermore, we show how material properties in the epsilon near zero regime enable reduction of length by as much as by 15 times. Lastly, we introduce and apply a cavity-based electro-optic modulator figure of merit, Δλ/Δα, relating obtainable resonance tuning via phase shifting relative to the incurred losses due to the fundamental Kramers-Kronig relations suggesting optimized device operating regions with optimized modulation-to-loss tradeoffs. This work paves the way for a holistic design rule of electro-optic modulators for high-density on-chip integration.

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Ge, Yue Tao, i Xiao Tong Yin. "Simulation of Gold Nanoparticles Aggravating MEMS Cantilever Optical Static Detection Biochip". Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (maj 2013): 966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.966.

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A kind of gene detection biochip model based on biological micro electro mechanical systems (BioMEMS) technology and micro optical electro mechanical systems (MOEMS) technology is designed and simulated. In order to detect whether there are nucleic acid components in the testing samples, the biochip in this study issues horizontal light by laser, then receives and reads the deformation signals of MEMS cantilever by optical detector. The MEMS optical reflecting system can amplify MEMS cantilever deformation signal 22 times by micro reflectors which are set on the side wall of the cantilever free end. In order to improve optical detection sensitivity, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) which are combined with hybridization information is taken to aggravate MEMS cantilever, and employ Au - S chemical bond of GNPs and dithiol HS(CH2)6SH to combine and fix DNA probe, and then employ target DNA which is marked with biotin to combine GNPs by Biotin - Streptavidin combining. The simulation results show that this biochip can detect biological samples fast, high throughput, low cost, high sensitivity and reliably.

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Shen, Chih-Hsiung, i Jung-Jie Wu. "A New Electro-Optical-Thermal Modelling for Non-Dispersive IR Sensing Technique of Gas Concentration". Applied Sciences 12, nr 15 (2.08.2022): 7772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157772.

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In this research, a new electro-optical-thermal modeling is proposed and built by simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE). In particular, it is constructed for use in the non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensing technique of gas concentration. This model, based on the theory of circuitry and the Beer-Lambert law, includes various equivalent elements for the optics, sensor, and circuits. To build and investigate the validity of the proposed model, an NDIR for measurement of CO2 is built with the hybrid combination of a thermopile sensor with a specific wavelength filter, an infrared micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) heater, an optical tube, amplification circuits with a chopper amplifier, advanced RISC machine (ARM)-based micro processing unit and discrete electronic devices. The thermal properties of the light source with periodic modulation have been studied from the output signal of a thermopile within the limit of modulation frequency. Based on the thorough measurements of output signals and transient responses, the thermal and optical parameters of the sensor and optical components for this model are extracted. The comparison of the simulation and experimental data of the NDIR measurement for different CO2 concentrations shows a great agreement with a maximum error of 0.27% at 3500 ppm. This approach allows for the development of a high-level sensor and circuit integrated simulation based on the most fundamental principles and multiple variables.

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Gortschakow, S., D. Gonzalez, S. Yu i F. Werner. "3D Analysis of Low-Voltage Gas-Filled DC Switch Using Simplified Arc Model". PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 6, nr 1 (2019): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2019.1.65.

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Electro-magnetic simulations have been used for the visualization of distribution of Lorentz force acting on a DC switching arc in low-voltage contactor. A simplified plasma model (black-box model) was applied for the description of arc conductivity. Arc geometry was gained from the high-speed camera images. Influence of arc position, arc current and of external magnetic field has been studied. Results have been compared with optical observations of the arc dynamics.

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Guo, Zi Peng, Chao Ming Xie i Yong Jun Xiao. "Research of Sliding Mode Control in Electro-Optical Tracking System". Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (wrzesień 2013): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.403.

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as the foundation and critical part of the free Space optical communication, the electro-optical tracking system is a typical nonlinear system. However, the angular accuracy should be better than a few micro-radians to meet the requirement of the communication link construction between two terminals. To get more control precision, the mathematic model of the coarse pointing system is founded, and sliding mode variable structure controller with approach law is designed. Finally, the simulation is done separately for a typical PID controller and the variable structure controller. Simulation results are showed that the sliding mode control can finely control the attitude of coarse pointing system, and can get higher precision by contrasted to the conventional PID controller.

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Zhang, Bing, Kang Nie, Xinglong Chen i Yao Mao. "Development of Sliding Mode Controller Based on Internal Model Controller for Higher Precision Electro-Optical Tracking System". Actuators 11, nr 1 (7.01.2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11010016.

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The electro-optical tracking system (ETS) on moving platforms is affected by the vibration of the moving carrier, the wind resistance torque in motion, the uncertainty of mechanisms and the nonlinear friction between frames and other disturbances, which may lead to the instability of the electro-optical tracking platform. Sliding mode control (SMC) has strong robustness to system disturbances and unknown dynamic external signals, which can enhance the disturbance suppression ability of ETSs. However, the strong robustness of SMC requires greater switching gain, which causes serious chattering. At the same time, the tracking accuracy of SMC has room for further improvement. Therefore, in order to solve the chattering problem of SMC and improve the tracking accuracy of SMC, an SMC controller based on internal model control (IMC) is proposed. Compared with traditional SMC, the proposed method can be used to suppress the strongest disturbance with the smallest switching gain, effectively solving the chattering problem of the SMC, while improving the tracking accuracy of the system. In addition, to reduce the adverse influence of sensor noise on the control effect, lifting wavelet threshold de-noising is introduced into the control structure to further improve the tracking accuracy of the system. The simulation and experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed control method.

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Bornoff, Robin. "Extraction of Boundary Condition Independent Dynamic Compact Thermal Models of LEDs—A Delphi4LED Methodology". Energies 12, nr 9 (29.04.2019): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091628.

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Multi-domain electro-thermal-optical models of LEDs are required so that their thermal and optical behavior may be predicted during a luminaire design process. Today, no standardized approach exists for the extraction of such models. Therefore, models are not readily provided by LED suppliers to end-users. This results in designers of LED-based luminaires wasting time on LED characterization and ad hoc model extraction themselves. The Delphi4LED project aims to address these deficiencies by identifying standardizable methodologies to extract both electro-optical and thermal compact models of LEDs that together can be used in a multi-domain simulation context. This article describes a methodology to extract compact thermal models of LEDs that are dynamic, in that they accommodate transient thermal effects, and are boundary condition-independent, in that their accuracy is independent of their thermal operating environment. Such models are achieved by first proposing an equivalent thermal nodal network topology. The thermal resistances and capacitances of that network are identified by means of optimization so that the transient thermal response of the network matches that of either an equivalent calibrated 3D thermal model or a transient thermal measurement of a physical sample. The accuracy of the thermal network is then verified by comparing the thermal compact model with a 3D detailed model, which predicts thermal responses within a 3D system-level model.

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Trifanov, Alexander, i Ekaterina Trifanova. "Transformations properties of quantum optical signals in phase modulator". EPJ Web of Conferences 220 (2019): 02017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922002017.

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We investigate evolution of multimode quantum light in electro-optical modulator, using semiclassical model of phase modulation process. For the case of monochromatic incoming signal, we consider transformation of its spectrum and calculate statistical properties of each frequency mode. Particularly, we find that for the case of initial coherent state our result is covered by the well-known classical model. While for the case of initially squeezed state we observe single- and multi-mode squeezing in frequency spectrum of modulated light.

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Vakil, Asad, Erik Blasch, Robert Ewing i Jia Li. "Finding Explanations in AI Fusion of Electro-Optical/Passive Radio-Frequency Data". Sensors 23, nr 3 (29.01.2023): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031489.

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In the Information Age, the widespread usage of blackbox algorithms makes it difficult to understand how data is used. The practice of sensor fusion to achieve results is widespread, as there are many tools to further improve the robustness and performance of a model. In this study, we demonstrate the utilization of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM-CCA) model for the fusion of Passive RF (P-RF) and Electro-Optical (EO) data in order to gain insights into how P-RF data are utilized. The P-RF data are constructed from the in-phase and quadrature component (I/Q) data processed via histograms, and are combined with enhanced EO data via dense optical flow (DOF). The preprocessed data are then used as training data with an LSTM-CCA model in order to achieve object detection and tracking. In order to determine the impact of the different data inputs, a greedy algorithm (explainX.ai) is implemented to determine the weight and impact of the canonical variates provided to the fusion model on a scenario-by-scenario basis. This research introduces an explainable LSTM-CCA framework for P-RF and EO sensor fusion, providing novel insights into the sensor fusion process that can assist in the detection and differentiation of targets and help decision-makers to determine the weights for each input.

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Wang, Liqian, Shuzhen Fan, Yunxia Liu, Yongfu Li, Cheng Fei, Junliang Liu, Bohan Liu, Yakui Dong, Zhaojun Liu i Xian Zhao. "A Review of Methods for Ship Detection with Electro-Optical Images in Marine Environments". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, nr 12 (10.12.2021): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121408.

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The ocean connects all continents and is an important space for human activities. Ship detection with electro-optical images has shown great potential due to the abundant imaging spectrum and, hence, strongly supports human activities in the ocean. A suitable imaging spectrum can obtain effective images in complex marine environments, which is the premise of ship detection. This paper provides an overview of ship detection methods with electro-optical images in marine environments. Ship detection methods with sea–sky backgrounds include traditional and deep learning methods. Traditional ship detection methods comprise the following steps: preprocessing, sea–sky line (SSL) detection, region of interest (ROI) extraction, and identification. The use of deep learning is promising in ship detection; however, it requires a large amount of labeled data to build a robust model, and its targeted optimization for ship detection in marine environments is not sufficient.

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Xie, Xin, Chao Qi, Lianchao Zhang i Dapeng Fan. "Analytical and experimental research on transmission backlash in precise cable drive for an electro-optical targeting system". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, nr 7 (lipiec 2019): 168781401986605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019866059.

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Due to transmission backlash of precise cable drive in electro-optical targeting system, it is difficult to predict force and pointing precisely during target detection. This article aims to develop a rigorous model for predicting the cable tension and transmission backlash of precise cable drive in electro-optical targeting system to better evaluate the performance in the preliminary design stages. The model of transmission backlash in different phase is established by satisfying the system’s geometric and equilibrium constraints, which is applicable to cable drive systems with any external load, pretension, and motion trajectories. Simulations are conducted to reveal the changes of cable deformation, cable tension, and deflection angles. The model is validated by experiments using a suitable experimental setup, predicting transmission backlash with the error level of 8.27%. The sensitivities of the preload force and external load are tested, and corresponding results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The backlash plunges dramatically when the preload force is small and flattens out when the preload force is larger than the threshold value. A proper preload force should be applied to keep the backlash in stable state. The threshold value could be predicted by the proposed model. The method presented in this article could provide a theoretic guide for system design and nonlinearity compensation.

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Zhou, Xiao Yao, Ya Fei Lu, Zhi Yong Zhang i Da Peng Fan. "Error Analysis and Calibration of Gyro-Stabilized Platform for Electro-Optical Pointing System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 141 (listopad 2011): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.141.264.

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A novel method in the solution of the pointing problem for electro-optical pointing system (EOPS) is presented in this paper. Firstly, the error sources are analyzed in detail. And then, a linear model whose parameters have definitely physical meaning is developed to improve pointing accuracy. Extensive experiments have been carried out and the results show that the system errors can be eliminated by the model effectively and the pointing accuracy of the azimuth and elevation axes have been improved from 0.4541º and 0.2959º to 0.038º and 0.031º respectively.

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BROWN, C. V., P. E. DUNN i J. C. JONES. "The effect of the elastic constants on the alignment and electro-optic behaviour of smectic C liquid crystals". European Journal of Applied Mathematics 8, nr 3 (czerwiec 1997): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792597003124.

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The static electro-optic behaviour of achiral smectic C samples in the chevron geometry have been modelled using the continuum theory of Leslie et al. [1]. The model assumes that the layer tilt and smectic C director tilt angle are constant, and treats the layers at the chevron interface as an infinitely bound surface. Comparison of the predicted electro-optic behaviour with experimental results gives values for the bend (B1) and splay (B2) c-director elastic constants. However, more detailed optical studies show that surface and chevron interface terms become important at high values of applied electric field.

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IMAMOV, ERKIN, RAMIZULLA MUMINOV, RUSTAM RAKHIMOV, KHASAN KARIMOV i MARDON ASKAROV. "MODELING OF THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF A SOLAR CELL WITH MANY NANO-HETERO JUNCTIONS". Computational Nanotechnology 9, nr 4 (28.12.2022): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2022-9-4-70-77.

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The growth parameters, optimal electro physical and optical properties that ensure sufficiently high rates of conversion of solar radiation into electricity and a predictable and controlled nature of the efficiency value are determined by computer modeling of a semi-phenomenological model of a heterocontact structure and its volt-ampere characteristics.

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Wang, Yuhua, Tao Yu, Zhi Wang i Yang Liu. "Photo-Electro-Thermal Model and Fuzzy Adaptive PID Control for UV LEDs in Charge Management". Sensors 23, nr 13 (27.06.2023): 5946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135946.

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Inertial sensors can serve as inertial references for space missions and require charge management systems to maintain their on-orbit performance. To achieve non-contact charge management through UV discharge, effective control strategies are necessary to improve the optical power output performances of UV light sources while accurately modeling their operating characteristics. This paper proposes a low-power photo-electro-thermal model for widely used AlGaN-based UV LEDs, which comprehensively considers the interaction of optical, electrical, and thermal characteristics of UV LEDs during low-power operations. Based on this model, an optical power control system utilizing a fuzzy adaptive PID controller is constructed, in which a switch is introduced to coordinate the working state of the controller. Thus, the steady-state performance is effectively improved while ensuring dynamic performance. The results show that the proposed model has an average prediction error of 5.8 nW during steady-state operations, and the fuzzy adaptive PID controller with a switch can reduce the fluctuation of light output to 0.67 nW during a single discharge task, meeting the charge management requirements of high-precision inertial sensors.

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Feng Yanming, 俸彦鸣, 霍力 Huo Li, 杨彦甫 Yang Yanfu i 娄采云 Lou Caiyun. "Numerical Model and Experimental Study of All-Optical Gate Based on Electro-Absorption Modulator". Chinese Journal of Lasers 36, nr 5 (2009): 1118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093605.1118.

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Zhou, Xiaojun, Yanyan Zhu, Mingyao Chi, Zhiyao Zhang, Lan Lan, Xiongjun Zhang, Zhan Sui i Dengsheng Wu. "Switching Characteristics of Large-Aperture Electro-Optical Switches With Plasma Electrodes Part I—Model". IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 35, nr 6 (grudzień 2007): 1724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2007.912555.

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Guo, Tong, Jiuqiang Deng, Yao Mao i Xi Zhou. "Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Fractional-System Identification Algorithm for Electro-Optical Tracking System". Fractal and Fractional 7, nr 3 (16.03.2023): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7030264.

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When an electro-optical tracking system (ETS) needs higher control precision, system identification can be considered to improve the accuracy of the system, so as to improve its control effect. The fractional system model of ETS can describe the characteristics of the system better and improve the accuracy of the system model. Therefore, this paper presents a fractional system identification algorithm for ETS that is based on an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. The existence of the fractional order system of ETS was verified by identification experiments, and the fractional order system model was obtained. Under the same conditions, PI controllers were designed based on a fractional order system and an integer order system, respectively. The results verify the superiority of fractional order system in ETS.

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Kushtin, V. I., i A. N. Ivanov. "Determination of adjusted range corrections measured by electro-optical systems". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 022048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/2/022048.

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Abstract Electromagnetic radiation used to determine ranges passes through media with different characteristics that affect the electromagnetic waves propagation speed and, accordingly, the accuracy of distance determination. The problem of the radio signal delay due to the influence of the atmosphere is an urgent problem, the solution of which is currently limited mainly to the calculation of range corrections using various atmospheric models. Depending on the required accuracy, the length of the measured line, the range of zenith distances, the availability of information about the state of the atmosphere, a flat, spherical, ellipsoidal model of atmospheres is used to determine the range corrections. In view of the fact that the parameters of the atmosphere characterizing its state along the electromagnetic wave path at the time of measurement, as a rule, are unknown, it becomes necessary to apply one or another hypothesis about the distribution of atmospheric parameters with height. In this paper, we propose a solution to the problem of determining corrections to the measured ranges from the known parameters of the atmosphere only at the initial and final points of the electromagnetic waves’ trajectory.

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Zhou, Jin Wei, Zhi Guang Shi, Ji Cheng Li, Xin Ping Lu i Xiao Wei Lu. "Research of Infrared Electro Optical System’s Operating Range on Hypersonic Vehicle". Applied Mechanics and Materials 742 (marzec 2015): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.234.

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The operating range of ground-based detector on hypersonic vehicle in rarefied atmosphere space is researched. Both the imaging dispersion and the difference of radiation intensity between object and background are considered, and a new model of operating range is proposed. By experiments, the dispersion coefficient changes with the distance between object and detector and has great effect on operating range; meanwhile, the higher the velocity of vehicle is, the further the operating range is. And the detector working at medium wave infrared has larger operating range. Compared with existing method, the proposed algorithm achieves better result in the field experiment.

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Sikdar, Debabrata, i Alexei A. Kornyshev. "An electro-tunable Fabry–Perot interferometer based on dual mirror-on-mirror nanoplasmonic metamaterials". Nanophotonics 8, nr 12 (8.11.2019): 2279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0317.

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AbstractMirror-on-mirror nanoplasmonic metamaterials, formed on the basis of voltage-controlled reversible self-assembly of sub-wavelength-sized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on thin metallic film electrodes, are promising candidates for novel electro-tunable optical devices. Here, we present a new design of electro-tunable Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) in which two parallel mirrors – each composed of a monolayer of NPs self-assembled on a thin metallic electrode – form an optical cavity, which is filled with an aqueous solution. The reflectivity of the cavity mirrors can be electrically adjusted, simultaneously or separately, via a small variation of the electrode potentials, which would alter the inter-NP separation in the monolayers. To investigate optical transmittance from the proposed FPI device, we develop a nine-layer-stack theoretical model, based on our effective medium theory and multi-layer Fresnel reflection scheme, which produces excellent match when verified against full-wave simulations. We show that strong plasmonic coupling among silver NPs forming a monolayer on a thin silver-film substrate makes reflectivity of each cavity mirror highly sensitive to the inter-NP separation. Such a design allows the continuous tuning of the multiple narrow and intense transmission peaks emerging from an FPI cavity via electro-tuning the inter-NP separation in situ – reaping the benefits from both inexpensive bottom-up fabrication and energy-efficient tuning.

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Deshmukh, Rajendra, Sanmesh Parab i Manoj Malik. "Effect of Host Polymer Matrices on Electro Optical and Dielectric Behaviour of Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal System". Advanced Materials Research 584 (październik 2012): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.531.

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The effect on the electrical characteristics of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly (methyl methacrylate – co – butyl acrylate) (PMMABA) containing liquid crystal (E8) as dispersed material, is investigated in terms of electro optical and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) technique. This polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) composite film is sandwiched between two glass slides with a transparent conductive substrate such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The resulting assembly forms an electro-sensitive material that can be switched from a OFF state to a ON state by the application of an external electric field or thermal ramp. In the present investigation PMMA / E8, PMMABA / E8 and PMMA+PMMABA / E8 composite films of 30/70 wt / wt % were prepared by Solution Induced Phase Separation (SIPS) method. Morphological study showed that homogeneous LC phase is embedded in a spongy – like polymer matrix. Electro optical behavior was determined under the condition of an externally applied AC electric field (0-200Vp-p, 50-1000Hz). DRS has been carried out in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 MHz and over the temperature range from 24°C to 75°C.The interfacial charge layer effect and qualitative evaluation of distribution of relaxation time is characterized by Cole-Cole model.

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