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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Elastomeric substrates"
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Gady, B., R. Reifenberger, D. M. Schaefer, R. C. Bowen, D. S. Rimai, L. P. Demejo i W. Vreeland. "Particle Adhesion to Elastomeric Substrates and Elastomeric Substrates with Semi-Rigid Coatings". Journal of Adhesion 67, nr 1-4 (maj 1998): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218469808011097.
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Wang, Chao, Andreas Hausberger, Philipp Nothdurft, Jürgen Lackner i Thomas Schwarz. "The Potential of Tribological Application of DLC/MoS2 Coated Sealing Materials". Coatings 8, nr 8 (31.07.2018): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8080267.
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The potential of the combination of hard and soft coating on elastomers was investigated. Diamond-like carbon (DLC), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and composite coatings of these two materials with various DLC/MoS2 ratios were deposited on four elastomeric substrates by means of the magnetron sputtering method. The microstructures, surface energy of the coatings, and substrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle, respectively. The chemical composition was identified by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). A ball on disc configuration was used as the model test, which was performed under dry and lubricated conditions. Based on the results from the model tests, the best coating was selected for each substrate and subsequently verified in component-like test. There is not one coating that is optimal for all substrates. Many factors can affect the coatings performance. The topography and the rigidity of the substrates are the key factors. However, the adhesion between coatings and substrates, and also the coating processes, can impact significantly on the coatings performance.
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Qiao, L., i L. H. He. "Anisotropic dewetting on stretched elastomeric substrates". European Physical Journal E 26, nr 4 (7.07.2008): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2008-10334-3.
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Awang, Robiatun A., Thomas Baum, Kyle J. Berean, Pyshar Yi, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, Sharath Sriram i Wayne S. T. Rowe. "Elastomeric composites for flexible microwave substrates". Journal of Applied Physics 119, nr 12 (28.03.2016): 124109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945037.
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Lacour, Stéphanie Périchon, Sigurd Wagner, Zhenyu Huang i Z. Suo. "Stretchable gold conductors on elastomeric substrates". Applied Physics Letters 82, nr 15 (14.04.2003): 2404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1565683.
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Chen, Huipeng, Daniel M. Lentz, Alicyn M. Rhoades, Robert A. Pyles, Karl W. Haider, Siva A. Vanapalli, Ryan K. Nunley i Ronald C. Hedden. "Surface infusion micropatterning of elastomeric substrates". Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 12, nr 1-4 (13.10.2011): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10404-011-0887-1.
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Khodasevych, I. E., C. M. Shah, S. Sriram, M. Bhaskaran, W. Withayachumnankul, B. S. Y. Ung, H. Lin, W. S. T. Rowe, D. Abbott i A. Mitchell. "Elastomeric silicone substrates for terahertz fishnet metamaterials". Applied Physics Letters 100, nr 6 (6.02.2012): 061101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665180.
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Mandlik, P., S. P. Lacour, J. W. Li, S. Y. Chou i S. Wagner. "Fully elastic interconnects on nanopatterned elastomeric substrates". IEEE Electron Device Letters 27, nr 8 (sierpień 2006): 650–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2006.879029.
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Görrn, Patrick, Wenzhe Cao i Sigurd Wagner. "Isotropically stretchable gold conductors on elastomeric substrates". Soft Matter 7, nr 16 (2011): 7177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05705g.
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Abu-Khalaf, Jumana, Loiy Al-Ghussain i Ala’aldeen Al-Halhouli. "Fabrication of Stretchable Circuits on Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Pre-Stretched Substrates by Inkjet Printing Silver Nanoparticles". Materials 11, nr 12 (26.11.2018): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122377.
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Several research methodologies have recently been developed to allow for the patterning of conductive lines on elastomeric rubber substrates. Specifically, various conductive materials, substrates, and fabrication techniques were investigated to develop stretchable circuits. One promising technique recommends the application of axial strain on an elastomer substrate prior to patterning conductive lines on it. When the substrate is released, conductive lines buckle to form waves, making the circuit stretchable. However, the majority of applications of stretchable circuits require fitting them to two-dimensional surfaces, such as the human body. Hence, in this paper we propose the concept of radial pre-stretching of the substrates to enhance the stretchability of the fabricated circuits. In particular, straight silver conductive lines were deposited on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface using inkjet printing technology, and subsequently tested under both axial and radial loads. Radial pre-stretching was compared to axial pre-stretching, resulting in an improved performance under radial loads. The optimal performance was achieved by pre-stretching the PDMS substrate with a radial strain of 27%. This resulted in stretchable circuits which could sustain radial loads with an average breakdown strain of approximately 19%. Additionally, horseshoe patterns were printed on radially pre-stretched PDMS substrates and their performance was compared to that of their straight line counterparts. Though these patterns are generally favorable for the fabrication of stretchable circuits, the optimal horseshoe pattern examined in this study could only sustain up to 16% radial strain on average when radially pre-stretched by 27%.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Elastomeric substrates"
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Jawad, Hedeer Zuhair. "Development and characterisation of elastomeric block copolymeric substrates for myocardial tissue engineering using embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5473.
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Cardiac patches comprised of embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) attached to biodegradable polymeric substrates were developed for patients suffering from heart attacks. Cardiomyocytes were derived from mouse and human embryonic stem cell (ESC). Thermoplastic elastomeric (TPE) block co-polymers poly(ethylene terephthalate)/dilionic acid (PET/DLA), a relatively slow degrading biomaterial, served as substrates to deliver cardiomyocytes and to further support the myocardium after an infarct. Additionally, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) (mean size 23 nm), were incorporated in the PET/DLA polymer in a concentration of 0.2wt%. Results showed TiO2 NPs to effect polymer mechanical properties, increasing material stiffness and tensile strength. The surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the biomaterial also increased upon addition of TiO2 NPs. It was found that 0.2wt% TiO2 NP addition enhanced cellular adhesion, spread and proliferation. A fibroblastic cell line, used to test proliferation, proliferated on both biomaterials with and without pre-gelatin coating. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into culture media, used as a marker of cell death did not differ significantly between biomaterials and tissue culture plastic (TCP). The cytotoxicity of TiO2 NPs on adult cardiomyocytes, hESC-CMs and fibroblasts was also investigated at various concentrations (0-150 ppm) chosen based on their relevance for the intended application of the biomaterial. At 10 ppm the particles had no significant acute effect on cardiac contractility of either adult rat heart cells or hESC-CM. However, functional activity was significantly reduced, in terms of beating rate, over longer culture periods (4h). Further improvements were carried out to enhance the properties of the patch. The investigation included: i) lactide addition to the polymer to increase polymer degradation rate and ii) topographical surface changes introduced by a phase separation micromoulding technique (PSμM). Newly developed biomaterial was faster degrading (as measured by biomaterial %weight loss) and simultaneously encouraged fibroblast proliferation. Finally the biomaterials have been investigated ex vivo and in vivo by collaborators at NHLI (Imperial College London). The results have confirmed that the developed biomaterials in conjunction with cardiomyocytes from ESCs are promising for applications in myocardial tissue engineering (MTE) strategies with no adverse effect on cardiac functionality detected.
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Hayirlioglu, Arzu. "Directed Assembly of Block Copolymer Films Via Surface Energy Tunable Elastomers". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1399049231.
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Mohan, Greeshma. "Silicone Elastomer-Based Combinatorial Biomaterial Gradients for High Throughput Screening of Cell-Substrate Interactions". Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5857.
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Biomaterials have evolved over the years from the passive role of mere biocompatibility to an increasingly active role of presenting instructive cues to elicit precise responses at the molecular and cellular levels. Various characteristics common to synthetic biomaterials in vitro and extracellular matrices in vivo, such as immobilized functional or peptide groups, mechanical stiffness, bulk physical properties and topographical features, are key players that regulate cell response. The dynamics in the cell microenvironment and at the cell adhesive interface trigger a web of cell-material and cell-cell information exchanges that have a profound impact in directing the ultimate cell fate decision. Therefore, comprehension of cell substrate interactions is crucial to propel forward the evolution of new instructive biomaterials. Combinatorial biomaterials that encompass a wide range of properties can help to recapitulate the complexity of a cell microenvironment. The objective of this research was to fabricate combinatorial biomaterials with properties that span wide ranges in both surface chemistries and mechanical moduli. These materials were based on polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS), an elastomeric silicone biomaterial with physiologically relevant stiffness. After developing these mechano-chemical gradient biomaterials, we conducted high throughput screening of cell responses on them to elucidate cell substrate interactions and material directed behaviors.
Our central hypothesis was that materials encompassing monotonic gradients in mechanical elastic modulus and orthogonal surface chemistry gradients could be engineered using the soft biomaterial, polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and that these gradient biomaterials would evoke a varied cell response. Furthermore, we expected high throughput screening of cell-material interactions using these materials would elucidate patterns and thresholds of synergy or antagonism in the overall cell response to the increased complexity presented by combinatorial materials. First, reproducible gradients in surface chemistry were generated on PDMS through surface modification techniques. Cell response to PDMS surface chemistry gradients was then screened in a rapid high throughput manner. Additionally, characteristics of the adhesive interface were probed to understand its role in cell response. Finally, a 2D combinatorial gradient with a gradient in mechanical elastic modulus and an orthogonal gradient in surface chemistry was fabricated with PDMS. High throughput screening of the synergistic influence of the varied mechanical and biochemical extracellular signals presented by the combinatorial biomaterial on cell response was conducted in a systematic manner. This research demonstrates the fabrication of combinatorial biomaterials with a wide range of mechanochemical properties for rapid screening of cell response; a technique that will facilitate the development of biomaterial design criteria for numerous biomedical engineering applications including in vitro cell culture platforms and tissue engineering.
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Cansell, Elsa. "Adhérisation des élastomères sur des substrats métalliques : étude des mécanismes d'adhésion". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0049.
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Les assemblages élastomère/métal peuvent être réalisés avec plusieurs procédés d’adhérisation. Ces travaux de thèse se focalisent sur l’étude du procédé d’adhérisation chimique qui utilise des adhésifs liquides et réactifs à chaud afin de créer l’assemblage grâce à une élévation de température et de pression. Ces adhésifs sont communément appelés agents d’adhérisation. La formulation de ces adhésifs est complexe et mal connue. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est les mécanismes d’adhésion ayant lieu au cours du procédé d’adhérisation chimique et d’expliquer le rôle des agents d’adhérisation. Les résultats montrent qu’il y a trois mécanismes d’adhésion principaux : l’ancrage mécanique, l’interdiffusion à l’interface élastomère/secondaire et une réaction de co-réticulation à l’interface et dans l’interphase secondaire/élastomère qui permettent la formation de liaisons covalentes. L’étude des agents de réticulation (p-BQD et poly(p-DNB)) contenus dans le secondaire a montré leur rôle clef dans les mécanismes d’adhésion et dans la tenue et la fiabilité de la liaison adhériséeRubber-to-metal assemblies can be achieved through various bonding processes. This PhD work is focused on the study of the vulcanization bonding process which uses hot reactive liquid adhesives in order to bond rubber onto metal through an elevation of temperature and pressure. Theses adhesives are commonly called rubber bonding agents and their composition is complex and not well known. The aim of this PhD is to determine and study the adhesion mechanisms happening during the vulcanization bonding process and thus, to explain the role of the rubber bonding agents in this process. The results showed that there are three mechanisms: mechanical anchoring, interdiffusion at the adhesive/rubber interface and a co-crosslinking reaction creating covalent bonds at the adhesive/rubber interface. The study of the adhesive’s crosslinking agents (p-BQD and poly(p-DNB)) demonstrated their key role in the reliability and strength of the assembly
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Querceto, Silvia. "Biomimetic materials for novel cardiac regeneration approaches". Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1211514.
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The quest for novel biomaterials to promote cell structural and functional maturation for cardiac tissue regeneration has emphasized a need to create microenvironments with physiological features. Substrate stiffness constitutes a structural property of crucial importance in the field of tissue engineering and many studies have shown how cardiac cells sense the rigidity of the substrate on which they grow. In this work, we focused on the relevance of substrates mimicking cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) rigidity for the understanding of the complex interplay between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Among the most promising biomaterials, Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (LCEs) represent a novel class of polymers previously investigated both as artificial muscles for biomedical purposes and dynamic cell scaffolds. The development of new smart materials which can provide bioactive cues to control and regulate cell fate has been recently encouraged. Indeed, mechanical cues play a significant role in maintaining cell and tissues/organs
functions and, in this respect, cell models and substrate stiffness appear as intriguing tools for the investigation of cECM-cell interactions both in physiological and pathological conditions. From the perspective of materials, we have explored the fabrication of biomimetic patterned substrates to direct
human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) growth and evaluate their effect on cell functional properties. In the field of regenerative medicine, the advent of hiPSC-CMs has paved the way for a patient-specific therapy but the development of more mature hiPSC-CMs is
still needed. Promising approaches that have begun to be investigated include long-term culture, mechanical loading, 3-dimensional tissue engineering and, above all, the use of dynamic scaffolds to boost cell maturation by giving a mechanical stimulus. Finally, with the aim of creating an effective dynamic cell substrate, we have introduced the design of the first prototype of LCE-based biomimetic contractile unit by optimizing a miniaturization of the mechanical device. The functional properties of the contractile apparatus have been investigated and then modulated to closely reproduce the features of native myocardium. Overall, in this work we have provided an overview of some
functional aspects of biomaterials which are considered of key relevance in different biomedical fields to elucidate how recent advances may impact future tissue engineering applications.
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Psarra, Erato. "Study on magneto-sensitive solids : Experiments, Theory and Numerics". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX094/document.
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Cette étude traite de la stabilité et la post-bifurcation des élastomères magnétorhéologiques isotropes (MRE). Les MRE sont des élastomères comprenant une fraction en volume fini de particules de fer magnétisables, réparties de façon aléatoire dans le volume. Plus précisément, un système de film/substrat magnéto-élastique non linéaire est exploité expérimentalement, numériquement et théoriquement pour obtenir un contrôle actif de la rugosité de la surface du film. L'interaction non-intuitive entre le champ magnétique et la déformation élastique est due au choix des matériaux et de la géométrie du système, à savoir un film composite de particules ferromagnétiques collé sur une fondation passive et compliante. La coopération de deux mécanismes qui sont par ailleurs indépendants, la pré-compression mécanique et le champ magnétique, permet de rapprocher la structure d'un état faiblement stable et puis de la rendre instable par des champs magnétiques ou mécaniques. Nous démontrons pour la première fois que le champ magnétique critique est une fonction décroissante de la pré-compression et vice versa. Les résultats expérimentaux sont ensuite sondés avec succès par des simulations à champs complets par éléments finis en grandes déformations et champs magnétiques. Une analyse théorique de bifurcation magnéto-mécanique sur un système magnéto-élastique infini est également utilisée pour explorer l'effet des propriétés combinées sur la réponse critique.Dans la perspective d'élargir l'activation de surface à de nouveaux motifs magnéto-mécaniques, nous étudions plus en détail la post-stabilité d'un bloc bi-couche entièrement magnétorhéologique. L'idée sous-jacente est de créer différents contrastes entre les couches de propriétés magnétiques/mécaniques et de déclencher une gamme de motifs de surface plus riche que celle déjà obtenue en utilisant un film MRE sur une fondation passive. Les calculs post-bifurcation des films MRE collés sur des substrats MRE permettent de mettre en évidence les modes morphologiques résultant de la (in)compatibilité des modes de champs indépendants. Le couplage magnéto-élastique permet le contrôle réversible marche/arrêt de la configuration de surface sous des champs magnétiques et mécaniques critiques ajustables et donc, cette étude constitue un premier pas vers des dispositifs haptiques et morphiques actifsThe present work deals with the stability and post-bifurcation response of isotropic magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). MREs are elastomers comprising a finite volume fraction of magnetizable iron particles, distributed randomly in the volume. Specifically, a nonlinear magnetoelastic film/substrate system is experimentally, numerically and theoretically exploited to obtain active control of surface roughness. The non-intuitive interplay between magnetic field and elastic deformation owes to material and geometry selection, namely, a ferromagnetic particle composite film bonded on a compliant passive foundation. Cooperation of two otherwise independent loading mechanisms--mechanical pre-compression and magnetic field--allows to bring the structure near a marginally stable state and then destabilize it with either magnetic or mechanical fields. We demonstrate for the first time that the critical magnetic field is a decreasing function of pre-compression and vice versa. The experimental results are probed successfully with full-field finite element simulations at large strains and magnetic fields. A theoretical magnetomechanical bifurcation analysis on an infinite magnetoelastic system is further employed to explore the effect of the interlayer combined properties on the critical response and is compared with the available numerical results. With the perspective of applying the principle of surface actuation to new magnetomechanically triggered patterns, we further investigate the post-bifurcation of an entirely magnetorheological bilayer block. The underlying idea is to create different interlayer contrasts of magnetic and mechanical properties allowing us to trigger a larger range of surface patterns than that already obtained when using a MRE film on a passive (magnetically insensitive) foundation. Post-bifurcation calculations of MRE films bonded on MRE substrates allow to reveal novel patterns that lead to significant curvature localisation and crinkling. In all cases studied, the magnetoelastic coupling allows for the reversible on/off control of surface patterning under adjustable critical magnetic and mechanical fields for a single specimen and thus, this study constitutes a first step towards realistic active haptic and morphing devices
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Flaig, Florence. "Elaboration of nanofibrous biomimetic scaffolds based on poly(glycerol sebacate) for cardiac tissue engineering". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE045.
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L’ingénierie tissulaire cardiaque permet de promouvoir la régénération du cœur. Cette technique repose sur l’utilisation d’un substrat où se développent les cellules. Pour être performant, ce substrat doit mimer les propriétés mécaniques et structurelles du myocarde. Pour cette thèse, le poly(sébaçate de glycérol) (PGS), un élastomère biocompatible, a été choisi comme matériau de base. Sa synthèse a été étudiée, montrant quels sont les paramètres à contrôler pour obtenir les propriétés attendues. En particulier, des propriétés mécaniques adaptées au muscle cardiaque peuvent être obtenues. La méthode de mise œuvre choisie est l’élelectrofilage, qui permet la fabrication de mats nanofibreux imitant la structure des tissus biologiques. Comme la mise en forme du PGS est rendue difficile par son insolubilité, il a été électrofilé à l’état de prépolymère, mélangé à un autre polymère. Des patchs cardiaques à base d’acide polylactique et de PGS ont pu être fabriqués. Par ailleurs, en mélangeant le PGS à de la polyvinylpyrrolidone et de la cyclodextrine, des membranes élastomères aux propriétés mécaniques adaptées au cœur ont pu être préparées. Enfin, le PGS a été utilisé sous forme de particules afin d’organiser des dépôts de fibres de PLA en structures capables d’améliorer le développement des cellules et des tissusCardiac tissue engineering aims to regenerate the heart. This technic relies on the use of a scaffold where the cells can proliferate. To be efficient, this scaffold should mimic mechanical and structural properties of the myocardium. In this thesis, poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) was chosen as building material. Its synthesis was studied, showing which parameters should be controlled in order to get the expected properties. In particular, mechanical properties fitting cardiac muscle’s ones can be obtained. Electrospinning was chosen as process method. This method allows the fabrication of nanofibrous mats mimicking biological tissues structure. As PGS processing is difficult because it is insoluble, it was electrospun at the prepolymer state, blended with another polymer. In this way, cardiac patches composed of poly(lactic acid) and PGS were fabricated. Furthermore, PGS was blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone and cyclodextrin to prepare elastomeric membranes with mechanical properties adapted to the heart. Finally, PGS was used in particles in order to organize PLA fibers deposits into structures able to improve cells and tissues development
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Picard, Loïc. "Mise au point d'additifs siliciés pour l'adhérisation d'élastomères silicone sur supports métalliques". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0114.
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L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse était de développer un primaire d’adhésion stable, permettant l’adhérisation de tous types d’élastomères silicone sur une grande majorité de surfaces métalliques, et ce de façon reproductible. Dans un premier temps, une étude bibliographique détaillée des différentes formulations de primaire à base de silanes utilisées pour l’adhésion de tous types d’élastomères silicone (EVC, EVF et LSR) a été effectuée. Pour compléter la compréhension du système métal/primaire d’adhésion/élastomère silicone étudié, trois formulations de primaire, dont une formulation « maison », et trois élastomères silicone ont été analysés et leurs compositions, ainsi que leurs propriétés en adhésion, ont été déterminées. La caractérisation de différentes résines silicone composant la formulation « maison » de primaire a également été effectuée. Cette dernière a ensuite été optimisée en synthétisant de nouvelles résines silicone, en ajustant les taux de chaque composant et en changeant le type de catalyseur. Dans un second temps, la caractérisation physico-chimique des primaires d’adhésion enduits sur la surface d’un métal (aluminium) a été effectuée. La topologie des films de primaire (épaisseur, rugosité et uniformité) et leurs propriétés de mouillage ont été déterminées. Ces résultats ont été complétés par la caractérisation des faciès de rupture des pièces composites métal/primaire/élastomère silicone. À la suite de ces différentes analyses complémentaires, le paramètre gouvernant la sélectivité d’un primaire d’adhésion pour un grade d’EVC a été isolé. Une courbe modèle permettant la formulation d’un primaire polyvalent a été proposée et validée par la formulation d’un primaire d’adhésion pouvant adhérer les différents grades d’EVC sélectionnés pour cette étudeThis PhD work aimed at developing a stable primer of adhesion, allowing the bonding of all types of silicone elastomers onto a vast majority of metallic surfaces, in a reproducible way. In a first approach, a detailed bibliographic study was performed on the different primer based-silane formulations used for the adhesion of any types of silicone elastomers (HCR, RTV and LSR). To better understand the metal/primer/silicone elastomer system, three primer formulations, including a homemade formulation, and three silicone elastomers were analyzed and their compositions, and adhesive properties, were determined. The characterization of different silicone resins entering in the composition of the homemade primer formulation was also carried out. The latter was optimized by synthetizing new silicone resins, by adjusting the content of each component and by changing the type of catalyst. In a second step, the characterization of the physical chemistry of the primer formulations coated on a metal surface (aluminum) was performed. The topology of the primer films (thickness, roughness and uniformity) and their wettability were determined. These information were completed by the characterization of fracture profiles of the composite part metal/primer/silicone elastomer. Following these additional analyses, the parameter governing the selectivity of a primer formulation for a grade of HCR was isolated and a model curve for the formulation of a polyvalent primer was proposed. This curve was validated by the formulation of a primer which can bond the different grades of HCR selected for this study
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Martinot, Emmanuelle. "Indentation de films élastiques complexes par des sondes souples". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786422.
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La compréhension des mécanismes qui pilotent la transmission des contraintes aux interfaces déformables est au centre de nombreuses problématiques touchant des applications actuelles utilisant un film mince de polymère souple comme couche interfaciale. Arriver à caractériser de tels films fins est encore un défi aujourd'hui car l'analyse des mesures expérimentales destinées à extraire les contributions dues aux films est complexe et délicate et les techniques usuelles de caractérisation sont peu adaptées aux systèmes. Ce travail étudie la réponse mécanique de deux types de systèmes modèles au moyen de deux techniques de caractérisation différentes. Le premier système que nous avons élaboré et caractérisé mécaniquement par le test JKR, est constitué de films d'élastomère réticulé d'épaisseurs micrométriques (de 5 à 100µm) et déposés sur des wafers de silicium. Les mesures expérimentales ont été analysées par comparaison à un modèle semi-analytique récent proposé par E. Barthel dans le but d'extraire le module élastique de chaque film et de répondre à la question de savoir si l'épaisseur du film influe sur la valeur de ce module. Nous avons montré que ce modèle permet de rendre compte quantitativement du raidissement lié à la présence d'un solide supportant le film mais que la précision sur les mesures de modules de Young reste limitée (de l'ordre de 35 %).Le deuxième système modèle est constitué de brosses de polymères greffées (PDMS) par une extrémité à la surface de wafers de silicium et gonflées dans un bon solvant (47V20). Nous avons analysé la réponse mécanique dans plusieurs régimes de distance et de fréquence en utilisant un appareil à forces de surface (SFA) dans lequel on contrôle l'approche d'une sphère millimétrique d'un plan sur lequel sont greffées les polymères. En statique, nous avons vérifié que la réponse en compression était celle d'une brosse de type Alexander-de Gennes. En mode dynamique, quand la sphère est loin de la couche gonflée, nous avons vérifié que la réponse dissipative était celle d'un écoulement de Reynolds qui décrit normalement l'écoulement d'un fluide simple newtonien entre une sphère et un plan solide. Ceci nous a permis de montrer que l'écoulement du solvant pénètre partiellement à l'intérieur de la couche greffée sur une profondeur de l'ordre du tiers de l'épaisseur gonflée de la couche. Dans le régime ou les brosses sont comprimées, il n'y a pas d'accord entre les mesures réalisées et le modèle classique de Fredrickson et Pincus. Ceci s'explique par les expériences que nous avons réalisées sur un substrat nu (sans polymère) montrant pour la première fois la déformation des substrats solides qui sont indentés par l'écoulement de liquide et qu'il faut prendre en compte cette déformation dans les analyses de nanorhéologie. Finalement, une annexe est consacrée à la fabrication de surfaces hydrophobes silanisées optimisées en vue d'étudier le glissement d'un liquide simple et d'électrolytes à la paroi.
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"The Evaluation of the Numerical Methods to Study the Buckling of Stiff Films on Elastomeric Substrates". Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.8820.
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abstract: Ordered buckling of stiff films on elastomeric substrates has many applications in the field of stretchable electronics. Mechanics plays a very important role in such systems. A full three dimensional finite element analysis studying the pattern of wrinkles formed on a stiff film bonded to a compliant substrate under the action of a compressive force has been widely studied. For thin films, this wrinkling pattern is usually sinusoidal, and for wide films the pattern depends on loading conditions. The present study establishes a relationship between the effect of the load applied at an angle to the stiff film. A systematic experimental and analytical study of these systems has been presented in the present study. The study is performed for two different loading conditions, one with the compressive force applied parallel to the film and the other with an angle included between the application of the force and the alignment of the stiff film. A geometric model closely resembling the experimental specimen studied is created and a three dimensional finite element analysis is carried out using ABAQUS (Version 6.7). The objective of the finite element simulations is to validate the results of the experimental study to be corresponding to the minimum total energy of the system. It also helps to establish a relation between the parameters of the buckling profile and the parameters (elastic and dimensional parameters) of the system. Two methods of non-linear analysis namely, the Newton-Raphson method and Arc-Length method are used. It is found that the Arc-Length method is the most cost effective in terms of total simulation time for large models (higher number of elements).The convergence of the results is affected by a variety of factors like the dimensional parameters of the substrate, mesh density of the model, length of the substrate and the film, the angle included. For narrow silicon films the buckling profile is observed to be sinusoidal and perpendicular to the direction of the silicon film. As the angle increases in wider stiff films the buckling profile is seen to transit from being perpendicular to the direction of the film to being perpendicular to the direction of the application of the pre-stress. This study improves and expands the application of the stiff film buckling to an angled loading condition.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2010
Części książek na temat "Elastomeric substrates"
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Shanahan, M. E. R., i A. Carré. "Retarded wetting and dewetting on elastomeric substrates". W First International Congress on Adhesion Science and Technology---invited papers, 239–53. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429087486-15.
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Gutowski, W. (Voytek) S., Gary Toikka i Sheng Li. "The Mechanism of Adhesion Improvement of Elastomeric Silicone Sealants to Difficult-to-Bond Polymeric Substrates through Reactive or Interpenetrating Molecular Brushes". W Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesives: 4th Volume, 243–65. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49520t.
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Gutowski, W. (Voytek) S., Gary Toikka i Sheng Li. "The Mechanism of Adhesion Improvement of Elastomeric Silicone Sealants to Difficult-to-Bond Polymeric Substrates through Reactive or Interpenetrating Molecular Brushes". W Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesives: 4th Volume, 243–65. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp154520120010.
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Ramdani, Noureddine. "Elastomeric Substrate for Stretchable Electronics". W Sensors for Stretchable Electronics in Nanotechnology, 29–45. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003123781-3.
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Chen, Y., L. Zhu, Y. Liu i X. Chen. "Cooperative buckling of parallel nanowires on elastomeric substrates". W Material Science and Engineering, 271–75. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21118-59.
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Mark, James E., Dale W. Schaefer i Gui Lin. "Some Characterization Techniques Useful for Polysiloxanes". W The Polysiloxanes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181739.003.0006.
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The general approach used in choosing a polymer suitable for a particular application is: . . . Polymerization ↔ Structure ↔ Properties ↔ Application . . . For example, if one wants a polymer for fire-resistant fabrics, then a polymer with good high-temperature properties is required, which implies aromatic structures, which suggest condensation polymerizations. More relevant here, however, would be that a polymer remains elastomeric at low temperatures. This requirement evokes a polymer with high flexibility (low glass transition temperature), which indicates use of the polymerization techniques used with the polysiloxanes. An example of a relevant optical property is the birefringence of a deformed polymer network. This strain-induced birefringence can be used to characterize segmental orientation, and both Gaussian and non-Gaussian elasticity. Infrared dichroism has also been helpful in this regard. In the case of the crystallizable polysiloxane elastomers, orientation is of critical importance with regard to strain-induced crystallization and the tremendous reinforcement it provides. Segmental orientation has also been characterized by fluorescence polarization, deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and polarized infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterize the structures of silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Other optical and spectroscopic techniques are also important, including positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, confocal Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been made tunable using gold nanorods and strain control on elastomeric PDMS substrates. A great deal of information is now being obtained on filler dispersion and other aspects of elastomer structure and morphology through the use of scanning probe microscopy, which consists of several approaches. One approach is that of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), in which an extremely sharp metal tip on a cantilever is passed along the surface while measuring the electric current flowing through quantum mechanical tunneling. Monitoring the current then permits maintaining the probe at a fixed height above the surface. Display of probe height as a function of surface coordinates then gives the desired topographic map. One limitation of this approach is the requirement that the sample be electrically conductive. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), on the other hand, does not require a conducting Surface.
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"6. Substrate preparation". W Bonding of Elastomers, 61–70. De Gruyter, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110658996-006.
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"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems". W Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, redaktorzy Nicolas J. Fryda, Keith D. Koupal i W. Wyatt Hoback. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch38.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—The propensity of adult crappies <em>Pomoxis </em>spp. to use similar locations during and among spawning seasons in reservoirs is unknown. This study proposed to determine adult crappie abundance, fidelity, and the substrate consistency in five coves at Sherman Reservoir, Nebraska, which historically displays a quality crappie fishery. Adult crappies (≥150 mm total length) were collected with trap nets from each cove during May 2004 to 2006 and tagged with a visible implant elastomer tag that was color coded for each cove. A total of 7,041 crappies were tagged in 2004, 5,868 in 2005, and 3,967 in 2006. The mean catch per effort in coves ranged from 40 to 75 fish/net-night in this study. Cove fidelity, defined as percent of tagged crappie recaptured in the same cove, within a year ranged from 74% to 88% in 2004, 84–88% in 2005, and 65–89% in 2006. Cove fidelity between spawning seasons was 62–81% for 2004 and 2005, 56–90% for 2005 and 2006, and 47–92% for 2004 and 2006. All five coves had a loam substrate with similar firmness. These data indicate a tendency by crappie to visit the same cove during successive spawning seasons, even when comparable substrates are available, which demonstrates the need for habitat conservation efforts for specific coves used during spawning seasons.
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"The Interaction of High Strain-Rate Elastomeric Polymer Coating with the Substrate Material and the Mechanisms of Failure". W Elastomeric Polymers with High Rate Sensitivity, 346–401. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-35400-4.00010-6.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Elastomeric substrates"
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Graham, Robin M., i Martine LaBerge. "Alternative Bearing Surfaces for Arthroplasty". W ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0357.
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Abstract Elastomeric materials have been suggested for use in total joint arthroplasty as an alternative to ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).1–2 As a bearing material operating under mixed lubrication regimes, UHMWPE is subject to wear. Wear particles cause an adverse tissue reaction eventually resulting in loosening of the prosthesis. The modulus of elasticity of the UHMWPE does not allow sufficient deformation of asperities which would increase the film thickness between the bearing surfaces and prevent wear. Elastomers, however, can deform under pressure and enhance lubrication by the formation of a fluid film through elastohydrodynamic and micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication.3 However, elastomeric coatings are subject to fatigue and debonding from their rigid substrates. To promote fluid film lubrication and prevent failure associated with the use of soft elastomeric bearings, a “true cushion” bearing was designed consisting of a soft elastomer sandwiched between a thin rigid coating and a thick rigid substrate of similar chemistry. This study was aimed at characterizing the frictional behavior of this construct in a lubricated environment as compared to UHMWPE and a non-coated soft elastomeric bearing.
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Liu, Dong-ying, i Wei-qiu Chen. "Piezothermoelastic analysis of thin films deposited on elastomeric substrates". W 2010 Symposium on Piezoelectricity, Acoustic Waves, and Device Applications (SPAWDA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawda.2010.5744317.
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Fu, Jianping. "Mechanical Regulation of Stem Cell Differentiation on Geometrically Modulated Elastomeric Substrates". W ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13199.
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We report the use of micromolded elastomeric micropost arrays to modulate substrate rigidity independently of effects on adhesive and other material surface properties. We demonstrate that micropost rigidity impacts cell morphology, focal adhesions, cytoskeletal contractility, and stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, these micropost arrays reveal that changes in cytoskeletal contractility can precede stem cell differentiation and be utilized as a non-destructive predictor for fate decisions at the single cell level.
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Gu, Pan, Karthik Pitchaiman, Ke Liu, Toshikazu Nishida i Z. Hugh Fan. "Thermally Actuated Plastic Microfluidic Valves". W ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38041.
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This paper reports the design, fabrication, characterization, and integration of a thermally actuated microvalve. The valve is made of 4 plastic layers, consisting of a layer for temperature-sensitive fluid, flow channel substrate, elastomeric film and a plastic film patterned with microheaters. When the temperature-sensitive fluid is heated, its volumetric expansion deflects the elastomeric film into the microchannel, closing the valve. Heat supplied to the temperature-sensitive fluid comes from microfabricated heaters. The external power applied to the heaters can be controlled using a printed circuit board (PCB)-based controller. The main challenge of this design is to find a suitable elastomeric film that is both elastic and can be bonded with cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrates. Pressure-sensitive tape (PSA) was investigated as an elastomeric film for the valve. A valve using PSA was successfully fabricated and tested. A conductive solution (NaCl) was filled into a microfluidic channel containing the valve. The operation of the valve was investigated by measuring a change in the microchannel’s ionic conduction current mediated by the resistance variation corresponding to the deflection of the microvalve. In addition, we integrated an array of such valves with other components in a device and used the valves to control the introduction of different separation media for two-dimensional protein separation.
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Yung, Yu Ching, Herman Vandenburgh i David J. Mooney. "Cellular Strain Assessment Tool (CSAT): Precision Controlled Cyclic Uniaxial Tensile Loading". W ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206734.
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Cells throughout our body are exposed to various forms of mechanical stimuli[1, 2]. To examine effects of mechanical cyclic strain on vascular cells, several types of strain devices have been developed, and the methods of force application range from use of dynamic indenters[3] to vacuum pressures (both positive[4] or negative[5, 6]) to stretch the bottom surface of the elastic substrate to which the cells are cultured. A number of custom uniaxial strain devices have been developed to examine cells that are normally exposed to lateral stresses[7–11]. However, a limitation to most uniaxial strain devices is that they can only accommodate a limited number of samples[8–12] at one time. Most devices also lack a platform to perform consistent clamping and loading of samples, which can significantly alter substrate strain[8, 9, 13] and ultimately, introduce large variations between experiments. Here we present a computer controlled precision strain application system composed of a custom multi-well uniaxial Cellular Strain Assessment Tool (CSAT) (Figure 1), a microscope adaptable mini CSAT, and custom elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) plates. The effect of cyclic tensile strain on the migration of endothelial cells was also analyzed in this study. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), cultured in 2D directly on elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates were exposed to cyclic tensile strain at physiologic levels, and demonstrated to enhance EC migration.
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Ashrafizadeh, H., P. Mertiny i A. McDonald. "Evaluation of the Influence of Flame Spraying Parameters on Microstructure and Electrical Conductivity of Al-12Si Coatings Deposited on Polyurethane Substrates". W ITSC2015, redaktorzy A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen i C. A. Widener. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2015p0370.
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Abstract The influence of flame spraying parameters on coating microstructure and electrical conductivity of aluminum- 12silicon coatings deposited on polyurethane substrates was studied. In order to evaluate the effect of the spray parameters on temperature distribution and its corresponding effect on coating characteristics, an analytical model based on a Green’s function approach was employed. It was found that the addition of air to the flame decreased the temperature within the substrate. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the PU substrate revealed that the PU softened as the temperature increased. Therefore, by increasing the pressure of the air injected into the flame spray torch from 35 kPa to 69 kPa, the particles impacted a stiffer substrate. This led to increased deformation of the particles into splats upon impact, improved interlocking, and the overall coating had lower porosity and lower electrical resistance. The results obtained indicated that coating properties are sensitive to both thermal spraying parameters and temperature distribution within the substrate when depositing on elastomeric materials. The effect of torch stand-off distance on coating properties was also evaluated. It was found that higher air pressure can cool the substrate and, therefore, allow for a decrease of the stand-off distance. As a result of shorter stand-off distances, a coating with lower porosity and electrical resistance was deposited.
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Yu, Cunjiang, i Hanqing Jiang. "Extremely Stretchable Supercapacitors Based on Buckled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Macro-Films". W ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10329.
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Flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted extensive attention and research efforts recently. As an indispensible component, energy storage device that is able to bear large mechanical strain and be integrated with the stretchable electronics makes the whole system stretchable. Here we report reversibly stretchable supercapacitors using buckled single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) macro-films as the electrodes, which have controllable wavy geometries and show extremely high mechanical stretchability with the utility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the elastomeric substrates. The stretchable supercapacitors exhibit very stable capacitance under cyclic stretching and releasing, and comparable energy and power densities with those using pristine SWNT macro-films as electrodes.
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Mohammed, Mohammed, Jaycoda Major, Zongqin Zhang, Mohammad Faghri, Donna Meyer i Ahmed Fadl. "PDMS Surface Modification for Application on Thermally-Responsive Hydrogel Microvalves". W ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30101.
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Recent developments in (MEMS) fabrication techniques have exploited the properties of polymers. Traditional lithographic techniques have been used to create a template in a thick layer of photoresist that can be filled with a heat -0r-UV curable polymer and used to cast numerous replicas of Tesla channels in an elastomeric material-poly (dimethylsioloxane) (PDMS). The surface of this replica, and that of a flat slab of PDMS, is oxidized in oxygen plasma and brought into conformal contact to seal tightly. N-isopropylacrylamide polymers have attracted much interest in the area of scientific research and microfluidic technologies due to their unique thermal response in aqueous medium. To design microactuators of these gels with a high aspect ratio and a strong adhesion to the microchannel, substrates have to be developed. To achieve this, a modification of the simple (NIPA) polymer is needed; therefore, this calls for chemical modification of the (NIPA) material itself and the PDMS. The integration of autonomous microvalves into complex microfluidic Tesla channel networks is presented. Hydrogel directly grown onto vinyl modified PDMS and is in contact with process medium. Thermoelectric element capable of changing the temperature of the system is used to actuate the valve. A distortable diaphragm at the center coupled to a piezoelectric that is connected to the ports of two channels. The other ends are connected to two small water tanks. Valve operation results in an oscillating or a positive net flow depending on valve status.
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Yuen, Michelle C., i Rebecca K. Kramer. "Fabricating Microchannels in Elastomer Substrates for Stretchable Electronics". W ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8654.
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As flexible devices and machines become more ubiquitous, there is a growing need for similarly deformable electronics. Soft polymers continue to be widely used as stretchable and flexible substrates for soft electronics, and in particular, soft sensing. These soft sensors generally consist of a highly elastic substrate with embedded microchannels filled with a conductive fluid. Deforming the substrate deforms the embedded microchannels and induces a change in the electrical resistance through the conductive fluid. Microchannels, thus, are the foundation of flexible electronic devices and sensors. These microchannels have been fabricated using various methods, where the manufacturing method greatly impacts device functionality. In this paper, comparisons are made between the following methods of microchannel manufacturing: cast molding, 3D printing of the elastomer substrate itself, and laser ablation. Further processing of the microchannels into flexible electronics is also presented for all three methods. Lastly, recommended ranges of microchannel sizes and their associated reproducibility and accuracy measures for each manufacturing method are presented.
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Chang, Wei-Jen, Nadeen Chahine i Pen-Hsiu Grace Chao. "Effects of Composite Substrate Microstructure on Fibroblast Morphology and Migration". W ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53859.
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Many studies have focused on the effects of substrate rigidity on cell traction, migration, and differentiation [1–3]. Most cells are known to migrate toward the stiffer substrate, a phenomenon known as durotaxis. Recent reports have also demonstrated the ‘depth-sensing’ ability of cells on soft hydrogels where cell behaviors on thin gels are more similar to those on stiffer substrates [4–5]. Taking advantage of the high fidelity of microfabrication and soft lithography products, we created novel composite substrates composed of a top layer of collagen hydrogel and an underlying microstructure of silicon elastomer. We hypothesize that cells can sense the underlying microstructures and regulate cell translocation and morphology accordingly.