Artykuły w czasopismach: „Eighteenth Century women writers”

1

Runge, Laura. "Teaching Eighteenth-Century Women Writers". Literature Compass 7, nr 3 (marzec 2010): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2009.00692.x.

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Anderson, Emily Hodgson. "Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain". Huntington Library Quarterly 68, nr 4 (grudzień 2005): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hlq.2005.68.4.685.

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Kowaleski-Wallace, Beth. "Milton's Daughters: The Education of Eighteenth-Century Women Writers". Feminist Studies 12, nr 2 (1986): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3177969.

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Precup, Amelia. "Pleas for Respectability: Eighteenth-Century Women Writers Theorizing the Novel". American, British and Canadian Studies 30, nr 1 (1.06.2018): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2018-0002.

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Abstract The emergence and development of the modern novel used to be viewed as a largely masculine affair. However, over the past few decades, researchers and scholars have started to re-evaluate and acknowledge the importance of women’s literary and theoretical work to the rise and evolution of the genre. This article adds to these revisionist efforts by contributing to the ongoing discussion on the theoretical legacy left by some of the most notable British women writers of the long eighteenth century. The article analyses several texts (prefaces, dedications, dialogues, essays, reviews) in which they expressed their perspectives on questions situated at the core of the eighteenth-century debates concerning the novel. The critical and theoretical perspectives advanced by these writers are approached as contributions to the novel’s status as a respectable literary genre and, implicitly, as self-legitimizing efforts.

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Runge, Laura L. "The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain (review)". University of Toronto Quarterly 76, nr 1 (2007): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2007.0234.

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Spacks, Patricia Ann Meyer. "The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain (review)". Eighteenth Century Fiction 18, nr 4 (2006): 521–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecf.2006.0069.

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Craft-Fairchild, Catherine. "Highlighting Women Writers at the End of the Eighteenth Century". Eighteenth-Century Studies 35, nr 4 (2002): 623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecs.2002.0039.

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King, Kathryn R. "Writing the Lives of Women: Recent Biographies of Eighteenth-Century Women Writers". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies 5, nr 1 (2005): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jem.2005.0007.

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Hilary Brown. "The Reception of the Bluestockings by Eighteenth-Century German Women Writers". Women in German Yearbook: Feminist Studies in German Literature & Culture 18, nr 1 (2002): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wgy.2002.0008.

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Lorenzo Modia, María Jesús. "A bibliography of primary sources by some eighteenth-century women writers". Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, nr 10 (1997): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.1997.10.18.

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Messenger, Ann. "Turner, Cheryl.Living by the Pen: Women Writers in the Eighteenth Century." ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews 9, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0895769x.1996.10543131.

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Johnston, Elizabeth. "“Deadly Snares”: Female Rivalry, Gender Ideology, and Eighteenth-Century Women Writers". Studies in the Literary Imagination 47, nr 2 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sli.2014.0010.

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Kubek, Elizabeth Bennett. "London as text: Eighteenth‐century women writers and reading the city". Women's Studies 17, nr 3-4 (styczeń 1990): 303–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1990.9978812.

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Vanacker, Beatrijs. "The Gender of Pseudotranslation in the Works of Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni, Mme Beccari and Cornélie Wouters". Tusaaji: A Translation Review 6, nr 1 (4.12.2018): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1925-5624.40367.

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While authorship recognition was a challenge for all eighteenth-century aspiring writers regardless of their gender, the social position of women was such that public claims of authorship and ownership over a text were even less self-evident in the public sphere. As will be illustrated in this article, female writers especially made extensive use of transfer strategies (such as translation and pseudotranslation) to establish their authorship, thereby turning paratext and narrative into a dynamic maneuvering space. Considered from a gender perspective, the challenge for eighteenth-century female writers was to gradually “invent” themselves, or rather establish a voice of their own. Taking on a different (cultural) persona—even if only on a paratextual level—could provide them with a discursive “platform” from which they could negotiate their way into the literary field. In order to illustrate this gender-specific emancipatory quality of pseudotranslation, as established mainly in their paratexts, the present article proposes a comparative analysis of their forms and functions in the career and oeuvre of three eighteenth-century French women writers, Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni, Mme Beccari and Cornélie de Wouters, who all made extensive use of pseudo-English fiction.

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King, Kathryn R. "Review Article: Writing the Lives of Women: Recent Biographies of Eighteenth-Century Women Writers". Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies 5, nr 1 (kwiecień 2005): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jem.2005.5.1.99.

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van Deinsen, Lieke. "Visualising Female Authorship. Author Portraits and the Representation of Female Literary Authority in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic". Quaerendo 49, nr 4 (12.12.2019): 283–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341449.

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Abstract This article discusses printed author portraits of women writers as vehicles of public image in the male-dominated eighteenth-century book market. It shows how Dutch women writers responded to the growing demand for author portraits and used their portrait engravings to shape their public image. It proved to be a fine line between showcasing literary aspirations and maintaining female modesty.

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Scheuermann, Mona. "Living by the Pen: Women Writers in the Eighteenth Century (review)". Eighteenth-Century Fiction 8, nr 4 (1996): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecf.1996.0064.

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Conway, Alison. "The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain by Betty A. Schellenberg". Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats 41, nr 1 (2008): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scb.2008.0030.

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King, Kathryn R. "The Matrimonial Trap: Eighteenth-Century Women Writers Redefine Marriage by Laura E. Thomason". Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats 48, nr 1 (2015): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scb.2015.0017.

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Batchelor, Jennie. "INFLUENCE, INTERTEXTUALITY AND AGENCY: EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY WOMEN WRITERS AND THE POLITICS OF REMEMBERING". Women's Writing 20, nr 1 (luty 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699082.2013.754253.

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Jones, Vivien. "Placing Jemima: women writers of the 1790s and the eighteenth-century prostitution narrative". Women's Writing 4, nr 2 (lipiec 1997): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699089700200011.

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Klaus, Carrie F. "Teaching Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French Women Writers ed. by Faith E. Beasley". French Review 87, nr 3 (2014): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tfr.2014.0361.

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Scott, Virginia. "The Actress and Utopian Theatre Reform in Eighteenth-Century France: Riccoboni, Rousseau, and Restif". Theatre Research International 27, nr 1 (14.02.2002): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883302001025.

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Three eighteenth-century writers, the actor Luigi Riccoboni, the philosophe Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the printer-pornographer Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne, wrote antitheatrical or reform treatises identifying women as a significant source of ‘mortal poison’ in the theatre. Although Rousseau saw no way to purify or redeem the stage, the others proposed various bizarre reforms that would reduce or control the power of predatory female sexuality to seduce male audience members. These treatises reveal the depth of eighteenth-century misogyny during the so-called ‘reign of women’. Powerful women – and the stars of the Paris stage were powerful, economically independent, sexually liberated, and iconic – threatened male hegemony and provoked retaliation.

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Gevirtz, Karen Bloom. "Ladies Reading and Writing: Eighteenth-Century Women Writers and the Gendering of Critical Discourse". Modern Language Studies 33, nr 1/2 (2003): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3195308.

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Fysh, Stephanie Moskal. "Gender at Work: Four Women Writers of the Eighteenth Century ed. by Ann Messenger". ESC: English Studies in Canada 17, nr 3 (1991): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esc.1991.0022.

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Landry, Donna. "Tradition in Transition: Women Writers, Marginal Texts, and the Eighteenth-Century Canon (review)". Eighteenth-Century Fiction 9, nr 4 (1997): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecf.1997.0063.

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Torralbo Caballero, Juan de Dios. "El papel de la mujer en la sociedad inglesa del siglo XVIII". Futhark. Revista de Investigación y Cultura, nr 7 (2012): 261–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/futhark.2012.i07.09.

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eighteenth century discussions on education, women were usually either labelled too feather-brained, focused on leisure and gossip or they were castigated as vain for their attempt to be educated, therefore compromising their womanly duties. However, many well known male writers, such as Swift, Steele and Richardson, as well as Mary Wollstonecraft, championed the advancement of women and disagreed with an educational system that created intellectually inadequate young women. Instead of blaming women for their lack of learning, they criticised the educational methods for their lack of intellectual stimulation. This article examines how these writers viewed women as being intelligent beings with as much right to acquire knowledge as men, but how they also viewed women’s ultimate role in life as motherhood. They believed that education would help women become better people individually and therefore better mothers for the good of society.

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Garrioch, David. "“Man Is Born for Society”: Confraternities and Civil Society in Eighteenth-Century Paris and Milan". Social Science History 41, nr 1 (2017): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2016.40.

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“Civil society,” in the definition proposed in the introduction to this special issue, was not solely a product of the Enlightenment or of elite sociability. This article focuses on eighteenth-century confraternities in Paris and Milan to argue that these religious associations fostered the kinds of values and behaviors that most writers associate with the formation of civil society: cooperation, charity, a sense of responsibility, and peaceful interaction both among the members and between them and others in society. Many of them encouraged a culture of independence and a sense of rights among their members. They also offered experience of organization to a very large number of men and a smaller number of women. They thus contributed to the formation of eighteenth-century “civil society.”

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Sharma, Sunil. "From 'Ā'esha to Nur Jahān: The Shaping of a Classical Persian Poetic Canon of Women". Journal of Persianate Studies 2, nr 2 (2009): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187470909x12535030823698.

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AbstractThe eighteenth century witnessed an interest in Persian women poets and attempts were made by writers of tazkeras to create a female canon of poets. The cultural shift in the Iranian-Indian interface at this time had a direct effect on the writing of Persian literary history that, on the one hand, resulted in the desire to maintain a universal vision regarding the Persianate literary past, exemplified by such writers as Vāleh Dāghestāni in Riāz al-sho' arā', and on the other hand, witnessed the increasingly popular move towards a more local and parochial version of the achievements of poets, as seen in Āzar Bēgdeli's Ātashkada and other writers of biographical dictionaries. The tri-furcation of the literary tradition (Iran, Turan [Transoxiana], India) complicated the way the memory of women poets would be accommodated and tazkera writers were often unencumbered by issues of nationalism and linguistic purity on this subject. However, ultimately the project of canonization of classical Persian women poets was a failure by becoming all inclusive.

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Seth, Catriona. "Teaching Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French Women Writers, ed. Faith E. BeasleyTeaching Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French Women Writers, ed. Faith E. Beasley New York: MLA, 2011. ix+379pp. US$25.00. ISBN 978-1-60329-096-8." Eighteenth-Century Fiction 28, nr 4 (czerwiec 2016): 760–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ecf.2016.28.4.760.

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Moore, P. G. "Popularizing marine natural history in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain". Archives of Natural History 41, nr 1 (kwiecień 2014): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2014.0209.

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The literary and pedagogic style of books popularizing marine natural history for the British public shifted during the nineteenth century. Previously, natural history books had been written largely by men, with notable exceptions like Isabella Gifford, Mary Gatty and Mary Roberts. Gentlemen naturalists tended to be clerics or medics; educated men conventionally viewing their interest as revelatory of the Divine in nature. Typically, women were less well educated than men but some from clerical backgrounds, having better access to learning, became significant popularizers of natural history. Gosse's works promoting aquaria and “rock-pooling” (typically among the middle classes), helped to develop a ready market for the plethora of popular seashore books appearing in the 1850s; with coastal access being facilitated by expansion of the railways. Controversies concerning evolution rarely penetrated works aimed at a popular readership. However, the style adopted by marine natural history writers had changed noticeably by the end of the nineteenth century. The earlier conversational dialogue or narrative forms gave way to a more terse scientific style, omitting references to the Divine. Evolutionary ideas were affecting populist texts on littoral natural history, even if only covertly.

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YLIVUORI, SOILE. "RETHINKING FEMALE CHASTITY AND GENTLEWOMEN'S HONOUR IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND". Historical Journal 59, nr 1 (9.12.2015): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x15000175.

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ABSTRACTHonour was a gendered phenomenon for the eighteenth-century English social elite; scholars have argued that for women, honour was mainly equated with chastity. By problematizing the concept of chastity as well as chastity's relation with women's social reputation, this article questions the widely adopted view of the crucial importance of female chastity for maintaining honour and social status. A critical examination of eighteenth-century discourses of feminine propriety shows that even though chastity was presented as an internal feminine feature, it was evaluated by external signs, making it less dependent on physical continence than on public display of purity. Chastity should thus be seen as a negotiable performative identity rather than a stable state of sexual virtue. Moreover, the relation between chastity and social reputation is more complex than hitherto supposed; even a public loss of chaste reputation did not necessarily lead to the social disgrace threatened by eighteenth-century writers, but could often be compensated through other performative means. The article concludes that not only was chastity's role in the construction of female honour ambiguous, female and male honour also resembled each other more than has been assumed, since they were both based on an external spectacle of proper honourable appearance.

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Fernández Rodríguez, María del Carmen. "Frances Burney and Female Friendships : Some Notes on "Cecilia" (1783) y "The Wanderer" (1814)". Journal of English Studies 9 (29.05.2011): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.167.

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British eighteenth-century fiction is rich in presentations of female friendship, a literary convention which permeated all genres and the works of women writers with different ideological backgrounds, ranging from Mary Wollstonecraft’s radical views to Jane Austen’s conservative ones. This paper analyses the oeuvre of the well-known novelist, playwright and diarist Frances Burney (1752-1840) by taking into account Janet Todd’s ideas on female ties and the female spectrum in Burney’s productions. The English authoress took part in a feminist polemic. Here I maintain that the complexity of the relationships between women in Cecilia (1782) and The Wanderer (1814) is directly influenced by class and social constraints. On the other hand, there is an evolution towards a more benevolent view of woman which needs revision.

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Fronius, Helen. "Der reiche Mann und die arme Frau: German Women Writers and the Eighteenth-Century Literary Market-Place". German Life and Letters 56, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0483.00240.

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Mattfeld, Monica. "Eighteenth-Century Women Writers and the Gentleman's Liberation Movement: Independence, War, Masculinity, and the Novel, 1778–1818". Women's Writing 20, nr 4 (24.07.2013): 607–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699082.2013.822707.

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Borham-Puyal, Miriam. "Seduction as instruction: the female author as Pygmalion in long Eighteenth-Century quixotic novels". Journal of English Studies 15 (28.11.2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3217.

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Don Quixote played a crucial role in the shifts in taste and ideology that occurred during the long eighteenth century, being an instrument for authors to validate their own work in contrast with the production of others. New didactic works displayed the need to overcome the romantic supersystem that previous authors offered and even the patriarchal or colonial canon that had been established. The present article will focus on two women writers, Tabitha Tenney and Mary Brunton, who with a story of literary and literal seductions raised their pens against a non-questioned romantic integration in didactic novels and who even converted prior canonical cervantean authors in the origin of their heroines’ quixotism.

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Bartnikowska-Biernat, Magdalena. "Obraz kobiety włoskiej w literaturze XIX wieku i jego realizacja w Półdiablęciu weneckim Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego". Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka, nr 38 (15.10.2020): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsl.2020.38.8.

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The type of la donna Italiana, the statuesque woman with dark hair, light skin and large, black, hypnotic eyes was popularized among the European men of letters in the nineteenth century. This stereotype had already been solidified in eighteenth-century Italian phraseology, but it was later brought into general use by Madame de Staël and George Byron. The Italian poet of the late nineteenth century, Annetta Ceccoli Boneschi, gathered and described the most distinctive features of the female citizens of different regions of Italy used by foreign writers to create their heroines. Among others, the Venetians were supposed to be the most beautiful and seductive women, with their soft accent and smouldering gaze. In Poland, this type of heroine appeared in Józef Ignacy Kraszewski’s novel The Half-Demon of Venice, which is the main focus of this article. The creation of an Italian donna in this romance uses the stereotypes formed during the nineteenth century, but it also uses the individual observations made by Kraszewski himself during his tour through Italy.

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GOODFRIEND, JOYCE D. "Slavery in colonial New York City". Urban History 35, nr 3 (grudzień 2008): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926808005749.

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Manhattan's landscape contains few material reminders of its colonial past. Traces of the Native Americans who frequented the island, the Dutch who planted New Amsterdam at its tip and the various European and African peoples who populated the city renamed New York by the English in 1664 are few and far between. Though the obliteration of the tangible remains of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century city dwellers speeded the transformation of Manhattan into a vibrant twentieth-century metropolis, the dearth of visible signs of this era has complicated historians' efforts to fabricate enduring images of the men and women of this early urban society. Their stories, though dutifully rehearsed by schoolbook writers and museum curators, have rarely become etched in memory.

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Clarke, Norma. "The Matrimonial Trap: Eighteenth-Century Women Writers Redefine Marriageby Laura E. ThomasonThe Matrimonial Trap: Eighteenth-Century Women Writers Redefine Marriageby Laura E. Thomason Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press; and Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. x+208pp. US$80. ISBN 978-1-61148-526-4." Eighteenth-Century Fiction 28, nr 1 (wrzesień 2015): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ecf.2015.28.1.202.

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Clery, E. J. "MEGAN A. WOODWORTH. Eighteenth-Century Women Writers and the Gentleman's Liberation Movement: Independence, War, Masculinity, and the Novel, 1778-1818." Review of English Studies 64, nr 264 (15.10.2012): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgs093.

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Hodson, Jane. "Women write the rights of woman: the sexual politics of the personal pronoun in the 1790s". Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 16, nr 3 (sierpień 2007): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947007079113.

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This article investigates patterns of personal pronoun usage in four texts written by women about women's rights during the 1790s: Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Mary Hays' An Appeal to the Men of Great Britain (1798), Mary Robinson's Letter to the Women of England (1799) and Mary Anne Radcliffe's The Female Advocate (1799). I begin by showing that at the time these texts were written there was a widespread assumption that both writers and readers of political pamphlets were, by default, male. As such, I argue, writing to women as a woman was distinctly problematic, not least because these default assumptions meant that even apparently gender-neutral pronouns such as I, we and you were in fact covertly gendered. I use the textual analysis programme WordSmith to identify the personal pronouns in my four texts, and discuss my results both quantitatively and qualitatively. I find that while one of my texts does little to disturb gender expectations through its deployment of personal pronouns, the other three all use personal pronouns that disrupt eighteenth century expectations about default male authorship and readership.

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CAPLAN, LIONEL. "Iconographies of Anglo-Indian Women: Gender Constructs and Contrasts in a Changing Society". Modern Asian Studies 34, nr 4 (październik 2000): 863–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00003784.

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Of late, increasing attention has focused on (mainly male) constructions of women in colonial India. On the one side, it has been noted how European women were frequently held responsible and disparaged for upsetting the comparatively relaxed relationships existing between British (especially males) and Indians (especially females) up to the late eighteenth century. Seen as the staunchest upholders (if not the keenest advocates) of racial distinctions which evolved in the course of the nineteenth century, European women were vilified for elaborating (if not actually creating) social and cultural hierarchies which led to a widening of the distance between colonizer and colonized. At the same time, they were stereotyped as frivolous, vain, snobbish and selfish (Barr 1976: 197; 1989: 1; Brownfoot 1984: 186). Indeed, Gartrell suggests that ‘few women have been described so negatively as the British memsahibs’ (1984: 165). In drawing attention to these portrayals, a number of writers have recently pointed out, in mitigation, that the memsahibs were simply reproducing official British attitudes, were themselves proud symbols of British power, and subjects of a strict patriarchal culture within European circles (see Barr 1989: 5; Bharucha 1994: 88–9).

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Díaz Bild, Aída. "Adeline Mowbray, or, the bitter acceptance of woman's fate". Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, nr 23 (15.12.2010): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2010.23.11.

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Eighteenth-century women writers believed that the novel was the best vehicle to educate women and offer them a true picture of their lives and “wrongs”. Adelina Mowbray is the result of Opie’s desire to fulfil this important task. Opie does not try to offer her female readers alternatives to their present predicament or an idealized future, but makes them aware of the fact that the only ones who get victimized in a patriarchal system are always the powerless, that is to say, women. She gives us a dark image of the vulnerability of married women and points out not only how uncommon the ideal of companionate marriage was in real life, but also the difficulty of finding the appropriate partner for an egalitarian relationship. Lastly, she shows that there is now social forgiveness for those who transgress the established boundaries, which becomes obvious in the attitude of two of the most compassionate and generous characters of the novel, Rachel Pemberton and Emma Douglas, towards Adelina.

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Bigold, Melanie B. "betty a. schellenberg. The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Pp. x+250. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. £48." Review of English Studies 57, nr 228 (1.02.2006): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgl002.

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Wallace, Charles. "The Prayer Closet as a "Room of One's Own": Two Anglican Women Devotional Writers at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century". Journal of Women's History 9, nr 2 (1997): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2010.0546.

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Walker, Gina Luria. "The Feminization Debate in Eighteenth-Century England: Literature, Commerce and Luxury. E. J. Clery.The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Betty A. Schellenberg.Famine and Fashion: Needlewomen in the Nineteenth Century. Edited by Beth Harris." Wordsworth Circle 37, nr 4 (wrzesień 2006): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/twc24045169.

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Sajnóg, Tomasz. "„Mimo tak wielkiej płci naszej zalety, my rządzim światem, a nami kobiety”. Męski i kobiecy punkt widzenia w poezji oświeceniowej". Prace Literackie 57 (12.07.2018): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0079-4767.57.3.

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“Despite such great virtues of our sex, we rule the world but we are ruled by women.” The male and female points of view in Enlightenment poetryThe article, the title of which includes Ignacy Krasicki’s aphorism “Despite such great virtues of our sex, we rule the world but we are ruled by women.”, deals with a different — from the one assumed by the traditional Enlightenment poetics — view on poetry, seen not only from the male, but also from the female point of view. As part of apreliminary investigation of Enlightenment writings from agender perspective, the author discusses two poems presenting very different views on literary oeuvres of women.The analysed texts constitute acontribution to the discussion about the place of women’s poetry in the deeply patriarchal society of eighteenth-century Poland. Anna Chreptowicz’s piece shows that awoman, in addition to being a wife and amother — an image firmly rooted in the Church and society — is also capable of writing poetry. She also stands up to the patriarchal moral system of her time, asystem that favoured male superiority and domination, as is expressed in the piece by her opponent in the discussion, Andrzej Chreptowicz.Both eighteenth-century texts presented here demonstrate that in such apatriarchal society, in which writers were predominantly men, there was nevertheless room for poetry written by women, who sought to the change the perception of the world, hitherto seen only from the perspective of patriarchal domination. Anna Chreptowicz’s poem is one of the first attempts in Poland to oppose such patriarchal views.

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Kreger, Erika M. ""Depravity Dressed up in a Fascinating Garb": Sentimental Motifs and the Seduced Hero(ine) in The Scarlet Letter". Nineteenth-Century Literature 54, nr 3 (1.12.1999): 308–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2903143.

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When we place Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1850) in the context of the literary debates of the 1840s and 1850s, it becomes apparent that the novel inhabits a conventional moral position that affiliates it with, rather than distinguishes it from, the best-selling domestic novels of the era. The Scarlet Letter shares a common moral framework and pattern of imagery with many works by nineteenth-century female novelists. Like these writers, Hawthorne uses his characters to emphasize the destructive consequences of allowing personal desire to overrule community law. The portrayals of Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne critique the traits of the eighteenth-century seduced heroine and privilege the qualities of the nineteenth-century protagonist of domestic fiction. Hawthorne's hapless minister is depicted in the physically drooping, ethically weak image of the eighteenth-century heroine; while his "fallen woman" possesses the strength, selflessness, and positive influence attributed to the nineteenth-century protagonist. This powerful iconography allows Hawthorne to reinforce the social values most often advocated in the public discourse about fiction, while still avoiding the explicit didactic remarks that critics condemned. The Scarlet Letter's "moral" closely links it to the conservative worldview of antebellum middle-class culture and popular fiction.

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Lasa Álvarez, Begoña. "Mary Hays, an Eighteenth-Century Woman Lexicographer at the Service of “the Female World”". ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 15, nr 2 (30.11.2018): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.15.2.81-94.

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The English reformist writer Mary Hays published a compilation of women’s biographies entitled Female Biography (1803), with the aim at providing other women with examples to emulate. she intended not only to convey her deepest convictions about women’s capacities and abilities, but also to leave her own stylistic imprint on the text. This study seeks to analyse diverse entries of Hays’s collection (Lady Dudleya North, Lady Damaris Masham, Margaret Roper, Aphra Behn, and Lady Rachel Russel) in order to elucidate her concerns as a data collector and biographer, and her techniques as a lexicographer, which are chiefly shaped by her concern about education and by her intended audience: women.

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Wayland, Scott. "Elizabeth Hodgson, Grief and Women Writers in the English RenaissanceEric Parisot, Graveyard Poetry: Religion, Aesthetics and the Mid-Eighteenth-Century Poetic Condition". Notes and Queries 64, nr 4 (31.10.2017): 687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjx153.

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