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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Egg-Laying in nests"
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Brown, Charles R., i Mary Bomberger Brown. "The Costs and Benefits of Egg Destruction by Conspecifics in Colonial Cliff Swallows". Auk 105, nr 4 (1.10.1988): 737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/105.4.737.
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Abstract We studied egg destruction by conspecifics in colonial Cliff Swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota) in southwestern Nebraska. Between 8.5% and 19.6% of all nests lost at least 1 egg to an intruding conspecific. Egg destruction occurred when nests were left momentarily unattended, often during colony alarm responses. Birds that destroyed eggs maintained nests of their own, and usually nested within 75 cm of their victims. Egg destruction was not related to attempts to usurp nests. Over a third of perpetrators of egg destruction lost eggs from their own nests to conspecifics. Egg destruction occurred more often in nests initiated early in the nesting season and in nests with large clutch sizes. Egg destruction usually occurred during a victim's egg-laying or early during incubation and declined in frequency as incubation proceeded. Breeding in a colony's peak period of nesting did not afford an advantage to potential victims by diluting their chances of being victimized. Cliff Swallows seldom destroyed all of the eggs in a neighbor's clutch, usually destroying only 1 egg at a time even though other eggs were present. There was little direct evidence that egg destruction was associated with parasitic egg-laying by Cliff Swallows, but nests with egg destruction were over 3 times more likely than nests in general to have an egg physically transferred into them. The costs of egg destruction to victims were obvious, but the benefits to destroyers of eggs were not. Egg destruction is possibly a prelude to physical transfer of eggs, reducing host clutch sizes and ultimately within-brood competition among host and parasitic nestlings. Males may also benefit by destroying a female's eggs during laying, thereby causing her to continue laying and remain sexually receptive to forced extrapair copulations. Incidence of egg destruction by conspecifics increased with Cliff Swallow colony size and thus, for potential victims, represents a definite cost of coloniality.
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Sealy, Spencer G. "Egg laying in inappropriate nests by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater): acts of parasitism or emergency egg dumping?" Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, nr 1 (5.06.2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i1.1668.
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The generalist, brood-parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) has been found to parasitize the nests of about 220 species, mostly passerine birds. Among the thousands of documented cases of parasitism are rare records of egg laying in nests in which the cowbird stands no chance of success, because its diet or developmental strategy are incompatible with those of the “host” species. Forty-four nests of 16 such inappropriate host species are reviewed: 23 nests of nine precocial species (waterbirds and shorebirds) plus 21 nests of seven altricial species (a raptor, doves, cuckoos, a hummingbird, and a woodpecker). Two hypotheses explain inappropriate egg laying. In the “normal laying” hypothesis, Brown-headed Cowbirds may lay dozens of eggs in nests they encounter, including the occasional inappropriate nest. In the “emergency laying” hypothesis, females, on discovering that a selected nest has failed, must lay or “dump” her eggs elsewhere, in nests of inappropriate hosts or already-parasitized nests of regular hosts. Support for either hypothesis will require electronic surveillance of movements of nest-searching and laying Brown-headed Cowbirds to generate fine-scale spatial data that confirm whether parasitism on inappropriate nests occurs at the usual laying time for pre-selected nests (around sunrise) or later in the day if the chosen nest has failed and emergency laying is required.
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Maddox, J. Dylan, i Patrick J. Weatherhead. "Nests Without Eggs: Abandonment or Cryptic Predation?" Auk 123, nr 1 (1.01.2006): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.1.135.
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AbstractWe determined whether nests that did not receive eggs was attributable to cryptic nest predation (i.e. predation of eggs laid between nest checks) or nest abandonment in Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula). Nest predation was extremely low (∼2%), whereas more than 44% of 427 nests found during nest building never received an egg; this indicates that nest abandonment accounted for most nests without eggs. Nest construction was completed for 32% of nests that were abandoned. Few nests known to have received eggs were abandoned. As the breeding season progressed, both nest abandonment and time from nest completion to first egg decreased. It has been proposed that the delay in egg laying early in the season allows females to optimize timing of egg laying. Nest abandonment may also serve this purpose, but seems an unnecessarily expensive mechanism. Alternatively, nest abandonment could be involved with mate switching. Understanding why nests are abandoned requires data on the associated ecological circumstances, in addition to accurate identification of instances of abandonment. The latter requires distinguishing abandonment from cryptic predation. Rates of nest abandonment can be estimated for populations by using rates of known nest predation during egg laying. For individual nests, however, distinguishing abandonment from cryptic predation requires detailed observation (e.g. video cameras), except in circumstances such as ours, where predation is extremely low.Nidos sin Huevos:?Abandono o Depredación Críptica?
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Taborsky, Barbara, Marcel Honza, Wolfgang Vogl, Yvonne Teuschl i Michael Taborsky. "Habitat and space use of European cuckoo females during the egg laying period". Behaviour 141, nr 7 (2004): 881–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539042265671.
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AbstractIn brood parasites, knowledge of spacing behaviour, habitat use and territoriality may reveal cues about how parasites find and use their hosts. To study the use of space and habitat of European cuckoos, Cuculus canorus, we radio-tagged 16 females during four consecutive reproductive seasons. We hypothesized that during the laying period cuckoo females should (1) use habitats selectively, and (2) attempt to monopolize potential egg laying areas to reduce competition for host nests. Our data are consistent with the first hypothesis: the use of pond edges compared to forest and transitional habitats was significantly greater than expected from the habitat availability in the total area and within individual female home ranges. All 26 directly observed egg layings and 27 nest visits without laying occurred at pond edges in nests of Acrocephalus spp. Females spent significantly more time at pond edges on egglaying days than on non-laying days. The second hypothesis was not supported: female home ranges overlapped similarly in all three major habitat categories of the potential egg laying areas, and only little aggression was observed between females. We discuss whether female cuckoos may lack territorial behaviour because they are not able to defend egg laying areas economically or because defence is not necessary due to sufficient availability of suitable host nests.
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Verboven, Nanette, Bruno J. Ens i Sharon Dechesne. "Effect of Investigator Disturbance on Nest Attendance and Egg Predation in Eurasian Oystercatchers". Auk 118, nr 2 (1.04.2001): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.2.503.
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AbstractEurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) breeding on the salt marsh of Schiermonnikoog (Dutch Wadden Sea) lose many eggs to predators, mainly Herring (Larus argentatus) and Mew gulls (L. canus). We estimated that the probability for an egg to survive from laying until hatching was 69%. Daily egg mortality was higher during the laying period than during the incubation period. When researchers were present in the study area, oystercatchers spent more time at greater distances from the nest. We investigated whether human disturbance resulted in more eggs being lost to predators. Two experimental areas were in turn visited at high and at low frequency. From a preliminary analysis, we estimated higher daily egg mortality rates when nests were checked three times per day instead of once every other day. However, high-frequency nest checks provided more information on newly laid and lost eggs, especially during the laying period. After correcting for that extra information (by simply deleting it), the egg mortality rates were no longer different. We conclude that human disturbance did not increase egg loss, rather egg mortality rates were underestimated when nests were checked only once per two days.
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Fast, Peter L. F., H. Grant Gilchrist i Robert G. Clark. "Nest-site materials affect nest-bowl use by Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, nr 2 (luty 2010): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-131.
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Nest-site characteristics influence reproductive success in birds. Most studies of nest-site selection evaluate nest characteristics following the commencement of egg-laying, possibly overlooking the importance of pre-existing nest-site features that may be altered during the nesting process. Because Common Eiders ( Somateria mollissima (L.,1758)) often lay their eggs in nest bowls created in previous years, we were able to experimentally place moss or feather down in nest bowls prior to nesting. We then quantified whether these materials increased nest establishment or advanced laying dates relative to control nests and nests where material was removed prior to arrival of nesting females. We found no difference in the likelihood of successful nest establishment between groups. However, the onset of incubation occurred 2–3 days earlier in nest bowls that contained feather down versus nest bowls with little or no nesting material. Nest bowls containing feathers or vegetation may be selected first if they increase nest survival, perhaps by enhancing egg concealment during the critical early-laying period. The presence of material for egg concealment may be particularly important in nesting environments where tall or dense vegetation is not available to provide nest cover.
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DECARO JÚNIOR, SERGIO T., NILZA M. MARTINELLI, DOUGLAS H. B. MACCAGNAN i EDUARDO S. D. B. P. RIBEIRO. "Oviposition of Quesada gigas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in coffee plants". Revista Colombiana de Entomología 38, nr 1 (30.06.2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v38i1.8906.
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Branches of coffee-plant were collected in São Sebastião do Paraíso County, Minas Gerais State, at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural Research Company (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais - EP- AMIG), with the aim of studying various aspects of oviposition by Quesada gigas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). The number of branches with Q. gigas egg nests was analyzed, as well as the number of nests per branch, the eggs per nest and the diameter of the egg nest location on the branch. The preference for oviposition either on alive or dry branches and the size of the egg were assessed. Egg-laying occurred only on dry branches. The mean of the branch diameter on which the egg nests occurred was 2.5 ± 0.53 mm. The number of eggs per nest averaged 13.2 ± 4.9, and the number of egg nests per branch was 2.2 ± 1.74. The eggs were 1.9 ± 0.08 mm long by 0.5 ± 0.04 mm wide. The largest diameters of the branches containing egg nests were found on the upper third of the trees, as well as the greatest amount of branches with egg nests, of egg nests per branch and of eggs per nest. The correlation relationship between all of the experiment variables was positive.
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Li, Zhong-qiu, Rong-rong Wang, Xue-lei Jiang i Zhi-yuan Zhang. "New record of intraspecific nest parasitism by the Silky Starling (Sturnus sericeus)". F1000Research 1 (28.12.2012): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1-71.v1.
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The Silky Starling (Sturnus sericeus) is endemic to East Asia and little is know about its’ breeding ecology. We found intraspecific nest parasitism (INP) by this species in a reproductive study conducted from March to June 2011. We found three nests were parasitized using the obvious morphological differences or partition of egg-laying. One egg appeared 3 days after the 26th female had finished laying eggs. One egg was different in color from the other five eggs in the 27th nest. The third instance was discovered in the 37th nest after the fledglings had fledged. Our findings confirmed INP by the Silky Starling.
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Walsh, John J., Ty A. Tuff, Alexander Cruz i Jameson F. Chace. "Differential Parasitism Between Two Suitable Cowbird Hosts". Open Ornithology Journal 8, nr 1 (31.07.2015): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874453201508010032.
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Host choice by the brood parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an evolved response to host suitability, resulting in patterns of differential parasitism rates among species within a community. In the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the Colorado Front Range, we recorded that Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus) is infrequently parasitized (1%, n = 259 nests) by the Brown-headed Cowbird, whereas the Plumbeous Vireo (Vireo plumbeus) is heavily parasitized (51%, n = 292). To account for differences in parasitism rates on these species we experimentally parasitized pewee nests with cowbird eggs, and we compared host aggression towards cowbird models, host nest attentiveness, nest placement, and egg-laying dates in these species. Pewees accepted cowbirds eggs and reacted more aggressively towards the cowbird model than the control model, were more attentive at their nest sites than vireos, and placed their nests higher and closer to the trunk than vireos. Egg-laying dates for vireos and cowbirds overlapped more than the egg-laying dates for pewees and cowbirds. We suggest that temporal asynchrony in host availability, coupled with differences in nest placement and behavior at the nest, help to account for the observed differences in parasitism rates between these two species.
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Hartman, C. Alex, Joshua T. Ackerman, Sarah H. Peterson, Brady Fettig, Mike Casazza i Mark P. Herzog. "Nest attendance, incubation constancy, and onset of incubation in dabbling ducks". PLOS ONE 18, nr 5 (19.05.2023): e0286151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286151.
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In birds, parents must provide their eggs with a safe thermal environment suitable for embryonic development. Species with uniparental incubation must balance time spent incubating eggs with time spent away from the nest to satisfy self-maintenance needs. Patterns of nest attendance, therefore, influence embryonic development and the time it takes for eggs to hatch. We studied nest attendance (time on the nest), incubation constancy (time nests were at incubation temperatures), and variation in nest temperature of 1,414 dabbling duck nests of three species in northern California. Daily nest attendance increased from only 1–3% on the day the first egg was laid to 51–57% on the day of clutch completion, and 80–83% after clutch completion through hatch. Variation in nest temperature also decreased gradually during egg-laying, and then dropped sharply (33–38%) between the day of and the day after clutch completion because increased nest attendance, particularly at night, resulted in more consistent nest temperatures. During the egg-laying stage, nocturnal nest attendance was low (13–25%), whereas after clutch completion, nest attendance was greater at night (≥87%) than during the day (70–77%) because most incubation recesses occurred during the day. Moreover, during egg-laying, nest attendance and incubation constancy increased more slowly among nests with larger final clutch sizes, suggesting that the number of eggs remaining to be laid is a major driver of incubation effort during egg-laying. Although overall nest attendance after clutch completion was similar among species, the average length of individual incubation bouts was greatest among gadwall (Mareca strepera; 779 minutes), followed by mallard (Anas platyrhynchos; 636 minutes) and then cinnamon teal (Spatula cyanoptera; 347 minutes). These results demonstrate that dabbling ducks moderate their incubation behavior according to nest stage, nest age, time of day, and clutch size and this moderation likely has important implications for egg development and overall nest success.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Egg-Laying in nests"
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Bécot, Lorry. "Sélectionner des poules pondeuses adaptées à des systèmes d'élevage alternatifs à la cage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARC165.
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L’élevage des poules pondeuses en cage disparaît en Europe, au profit de systèmes alternatifs qui offrent des conditions de vie plus respectueuses du bien-être des animaux. Les poules y évoluent en groupe et ont accès à des nids pour pondre. Or, les poules pondeuses sont traditionnellement issues de programmes de sélection reposant sur une mesure de la ponte en cage. La mise au point de nids électroniques enregistrant en continu la ponte au nid, offre l’opportunité de faire évoluer les programmes de sélection en élevant les lignées pures en groupe et au sol.Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser la ponte au nid et d’étudier le déterminisme génétique de potentiels critères de sélection pour l’améliorer. Le deuxième objectif était d’évaluer les niveaux d’interaction génotype-environnement, entre élevages au sol et en cage, pour les critères de qualité des œufs et de poids des poules.Enfin, une réorganisation des programmes de sélection avec un abandon des cages a été envisagée.La ponte au nid a été étudiée à travers 14 nouveaux caractères liés à la ponte, au rythme de ponte, au choix du nid, au temps passé dans le nid et au comportement social. Les héritabilités estimées pour ces caractères étaient moyennes à fortes et les corrélations génétiques faibles avec les critères de qualité des œufs et de poids des poules. Les interactions génotype-environnement se sont révélées limitées. Ces résultats confirment la possibilité de sélectionner des poules sur la ponte sans avoir recours à un phénotypage en cageCage rearing systems of laying hens is disappearing in Europe, in favour of cage-free systems that offer living conditions more respectful of the animals’ welfare. Hens live in groups and have access to nests for the egg-laying. Usually, laying hens have been bred in breeding programmes based on a measurement of the egg-laying in cages. The development of electronic nests that continuously record egg-laying in the nests offers the opportunity to change breeding programmes by raising pure lines in groups and on the floor.The first objective of this thesis was to characterize the egg-laying in nests and to study the genetic determinism of potential selection criteria to improve it. The second objective was to estimate the effects of genotype-by-environment interactions between floor and cage systems, for egg quality and body weight.The third and last objective was to explore a reorganisation of breeding programmes assuming the end of the use of cages.The egg-laying in nests was studied through 14 new traits related to egg-laying, laying rhythm, nest preference, time spent in the nest, and social behaviour. Heritability estimates for these traits were moderate-to-high and genetic correlations were low with egg quality and body weight. Genotype-by environment interactions were found to be limited. These results confirm the opportunity of selecting hens on egg-laying without the use of cages
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Burn, Joseph L. "Polygyny and the wren". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360161.
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BAŽANT, Miroslav. "Analýza variability objemu vajec poláka velkého (\kur{Aythya ferina}) a poláka chocholačky (\kur{Aythya fuligula})". Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85079.
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I investigated differences in egg volumes for two common species diving ducks ? Common pochard (Aythya ferina) and Tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula). I tested selected reproductive and environmental factors with potential influence on egg volume and sex of embryo in clutches. Further, I examined egg volume in connection with the nest parasitism and compared parasitic and non-parasitic eggs in context of egg volume. I also estimated rate of nest parasitism in studied ducks population.
Książki na temat "Egg-Laying in nests"
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US Dept. of Agriculture i Jackson Chambers. An Accurate Method of Determining Which Hens Are Laying: With A Method of Accurate Individual Egg Records Without a Trap Nest. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Egg-Laying in nests"
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Scott, Graham. "Eggs, nests, and chicks". W Essential Ornithology, 73–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804741.003.0004.
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This chapter considers the egg from its conception, through laying and incubation, to hatching; and chicks. It begins with the genetic determination of sex in birds, the resultant secondary sexual characteristics, and associated reproductive behaviours. The chapter then considers the structure and function of the egg. The evolution of clutch size and the trade-offs related to food availability and predator risk that birds make when optimizing clutch size are discussed. Egg shell colouration, camouflage, and mimicry are explored as are the impacts of urban living and of anthropogenic pollution upon egg shell thickness and strength. Nest building and the function of nests are described and incubation behaviours are discussed. Embryonic development is considered as are hatching and post-hatching behaviours.
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Zabala, J., i P. Frederick. "Development of Aquatic Bird Indicators of Sub-lethal Mercury Exposure and Risk in Wild Populations of Water Birds in the Everglades (Florida, United States of America)". W Bird and Reptile Species in Environmental Risk Assessment Strategies, 6–32. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837670765-00006.
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We describe over 25 years of research in mercury (Hg) contamination and sub-lethal effects in the Florida Everglades using local wading bird species as model species. We assessed various potential indicator tissues and used nestling feathers as an indicator of Hg exposure and Hg risk to breeding. Long-term monitoring of wading bird populations and analysis of museum specimens’ Hg revealed temporal and geographical variation in Hg within the study area. We found strong and relevant reduction in the number of nests in colonies exposed to Hg supported by a reduced breeding propensity and increased early failure, before egg-laying, in exposure experiments. We also found a strong influence of variation in food availability on failure associated with Hg. Variation of food availability modulated Hg effects and the same amount of Hg in feathers could be associated with no apparent reduction in breeding success if food availability was high or with a reduction higher than expected from toxicity reference values if food availability was low. The evaluation of nestling feathers and other tissue indicators suggested that there is no unique best indicator; rather, our results suggested specific endpoint–indicator associations. Indicators explained better variation in endpoints closer in time to the development of indicators.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Egg-Laying in nests"
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DeLand, Trevor S., Ross E. Dudgeon, Michael W. Orth, Darrin M. Karcher i Roger C. Haut. "Effect of Housing System on Properties of Pullet Bones". W ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80631.
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Recently, attention has been brought to the welfare of laying hens and the benefits provided by progressive housing systems [3]. Conventional battery cage (CC) systems provide each bird with access to feed and water at all times with room to move. One of the new housing types being implemented, referred to as a cage-free aviary system (AV), is much larger than conventional cages and houses more birds. Aviary systems comprise multiple levels providing more opportunity for movement and exercise. Hens can forage and dust bathe in an open communal area, have access to perches, and nest boxes. However, for mature hens to fully utilize an AV, pullets (pre-egg production birds) must be reared in a similar environment.