Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Effluent irrigation

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Effluent irrigation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 31 stycznia 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Effluent irrigation"

Zhao, Q. L., J. N. Zhang, S. J. You, S. H. Wang i L. N. Wang. "Effect of irrigation with reclaimed water on crops and health risk assessment". Water Supply 6, nr 6 (1.12.2006): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.965.

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Irrigation with tertiary effluent, secondary effluent, and raw wastewater (sewage) were studied with tap water irrigation as the control. The effects of the irrigations on the qualities of three testing crops: cucumber, celery cabbage and maize were investigated. The contents of residual chloride ion, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and residual heavy metals in these irrigated crops were also examined. The results showed that the secondary and tertiary effluent had no significant effects on the crop qualities. However, irrigation with the sewage could lead to increase parts of nutrient components in the crops. Irrigation with the sewage caused accumulation of nitrate and heavy metals in the crops, indicating that sewage was not suitable for irrigation. The risk assessment results suggested that the health risk of the irrigations using sewage and secondary effluent exceeded the maximum acceptable risk level. Comparatively, the risk in the tertiary effluent irrigation was much lower than the acceptable level.

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Raj, Abhay, Sharad Kumar, Izharul Haq i Mahadeo Kumar. "Detection of Tannery Effluents Induced DNA Damage in Mung Bean by Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers". ISRN Biotechnology 2014 (11.03.2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/727623.

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Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) is employed for treatment of tannery effluent. However, the performance of CETP for reducing the genotoxic substances from the raw effluent is not known. In this study, phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tannery effluents were investigated in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). For this purpose, untreated and treated tannery effluents were collected from CETP Unnao (UP), India. Seeds of mung bean were grown in soil irrigated with various concentrations of tannery effluents (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 15 days. Inhibition of seed germination was 90% by 25% untreated effluent and 75% treated effluent, compared to the control. Plant growth was inhibited by 51% and 41% when irrigated with untreated and treated effluents at 25% concentration. RAPD technique was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of tannery effluents (untreated and treated) irrigation on the mung bean. The RAPD profiles obtained showed that both untreated and treated were having genotoxic effects on mung bean plants. This was discernible with appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared with control plants. A total of 87 RAPD bands were obtained using eight primers and 42 (48%) of these showed polymorphism. Irrigating plants with untreated effluent caused 12 new bands to appear and 18 to disappear. Treated effluent caused 8 new bands and the loss of 15 bands. The genetic distances shown on the dendrogram revealed that control plants and those irrigated with treated effluent were clustered in one group (joined at distance of 0.28), whereas those irrigated with untreated effluent were separated in another cluster at larger distance (joined at distance of 0.42). This indicates that treated effluent is less genotoxic than the untreated. Nei’s genetic similarity indices calculated between the treatments and the control plants showed that the control and the plants irrigated with treated tannery effluent had a similarity index of 0.75, the control and plants irrigated with untreated 0.65, and between the treatments 0.68. We conclude that both untreated and treated effluents contain genotoxic substances that caused DNA damage to mung beans. CETP Unnao removes some, but not all, genotoxic substances from tannery effluent. Consequently, use of both untreated and treated wastewater for irrigation poses health hazard to human and the environment.

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Shelef, G., M. Juanico i M. Vikinsky. "Reuse of Stabilization Pond Effluent for Agricultural Irrigation in Israel". Water Science and Technology 19, nr 12 (1.12.1987): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0160.

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Stabilization Pond (SP) effluent is the most immediately available additional water resource for irrigation in semiarid areas as Israel. Evolution of SP design in Israel has been directed by the needs of irrigation reuse, which led to the enlargement of the storage capacity and improvement of treatment efficiency. The use of raw sewage for irrigation nay endanger public health, but safe use of wastewater can be achieved by various degrees of treatment which can improve effluent quality to sanitary standards. Algae and Zooplankton in SP effluents may clog drip irrigation networks but there are several alternatives to overcome the problem. The future challenge is to transform wastewater from a potential pollutant with disposal problems, into reclaimed effluent of high quality fit for unrestricted irrigation, by means of a cheap or even economically profitable system which should include biomass production.

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Patterson, S. J., D. S. Chanasyk, M. A. Naeth i E. Mapfumo. "Effluent effects on the nutrient concentrations and growth of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. Petrowskyana L.)". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, nr 2 (1.05.2009): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss07063.

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Using effluent as a source of irrigation water and to provide nutrients for plant growth is gaining favour as an environmentally positive practice instead of discharging effluent into surface water bodies. A growth chamber study was conducted to evaluate pulp mill wastewater as an irrigation source. This study evaluated the effects of water (TPW), municipal effluent (ME), and Kraft pulp mill effluent (KPME) and waste activated sludge (WAS) at rates of 1.5, 3, and 6 mm d-1 on available soil nutrients, nutrient uptake, and growth of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. petrowskyana L.). Increasing the application rate significantly increased biomass for both crops, but the KPME treatment significantly decreased leaf biomass of the hybrid poplar. Effluent applications did not result in toxic accumulations of nutrients within the analyzed tissues for either reed canarygrass or hybrid poplar. Only the WAS treatment significantly increased soil available concentrations of P, K, S, B, Mn, and Zn. Results of the study found lower irrigation rates of Kraft pulp mill effluents could be used as supplementary source and provide nutrients for reed canarygrass and hybrid poplar. Key words: Biomass, effluent irrigation, hybrid poplar, nutrient concentration, reed canarygrass

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Barros, Kenia Kelly, Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento i Lourdinha Florencio. "Nematode suppression and growth stimulation in corn plants (Zea mays L.) irrigated with domestic effluent". Water Science and Technology 66, nr 3 (1.08.2012): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.230.

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Treated wastewater has great potential for agricultural use due to its concentrations of nutrients and organic matter, which are capable of improving soil characteristics. Additionally, effluents can induce suppression of plant diseases caused by soil pathogens. This study evaluates the effect of irrigation with effluent in a UASB reactor on maize (Zea mays L.) development and on suppression of the diseases caused by nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. Twelve lysimeters of 1 m3 each were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and three replicates. The following treatments were used: T1 (W+I), irrigation with water and infestation with nematodes; T2 (W+I+NPK), irrigation with water, infestation with nematodes and fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K); T3 (E+I), irrigation with effluent and infestation with nematodes; and T4 (E+I+P), irrigation with effluent, infestation with nematodes and fertilization with phosphorus. The plants irrigated with the effluent plus the phosphorus fertilizer had better growth and productivity and were more resistant to the disease symptoms caused by the nematodes. The suppression levels may have been due to the higher levels of Zn and NO3− found in the leaf tissue of the plants irrigated with the effluent and phosphorus fertilizer.

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Patterson, S. L., D. S. Chanasyk, M. A. Naeth i E. Mapfumo. "Effect of municipal and pulp mill effluents on the chemical properties and nutrient status of a coarse-textured Brunisol in a growth chamber". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 88, nr 3 (2.05.2008): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss07039.

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Maximizing productive use and minimizing the environmental impacts of effluents require research on application rates. This study evaluated the effect of effluents from a Kraft pulp mill [a final effluent (KPME) and a waste activated sludge (WAS)], a municipality (ME) and tap water (TPW) applied at rates of 1.5, 3 and 6 mm d-1 on reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L. cv. Vantage) and hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × P. petrowskyana var. Walker). The two pulp mill effluents significantly increased soluble soil SO4, Na and Cl. Soil solution electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) increased with pulp mill effluents compared with ME and TPW. Soil solution SAR increased from less than 1 to a range of 2.7 to 4.0 for the municipal effluent and 8.4 to 14.0 for the two pulp mill effluents. Soil solution EC increased from 1.1 to 2.3 dS m-1 to a range of 1.8 to 3.4 dS m-1 for municipal effluent and 5.1 to 6.1 dS m-1 as a result of pulp mill effluent applications. Under reed canarygrass, soils had lower concentrations of cations and anions than those under hybrid poplar, suggesting crop uptake and leaching. Thus, salt loadings of soils must be considered when determining application rates of effluents for irrigation. Key words: Electrical conductivity, hybrid poplar, effluent irrigation, sodium adsorption ratio

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Musazura, W., A. O. Odindo, I. B. Bame i E. H. Tesfamariam. "Effect of irrigation with anaerobic baffled reactor effluent on Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris cicla.) yield, nutrient uptake and leaching". Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 5, nr 4 (15.04.2015): 592–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.011.

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The disposal of treated wastewater from an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent into water bodies can cause pollution. Treated wastewater management through irrigation of crops has the potential of increasing crop production through nutrient uptake while reducing the risks of environmental pollution. However, this study aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation with ABR effluent on Swiss chard yield, nutrient (N and P) uptake and leaching. Field experiments were done over three seasons at Newlands, Durban, South Africa. The experiments were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three treatments: ABR effluent irrigation (ABR), tap water irrigation with fertiliser (TWF) and rain-fed with fertiliser (RFF). Data were collected on nutrient (N and P) leaching at 30 and 50 cm depths, crop growth, soil chemical properties and nutrient uptake. Effects of irrigation with ABR effluent on soil chemical properties, Swiss chard growth, plant nutrient uptake and leaching were comparable to TWF and RFF treatments. This implies that irrigating crops with ABR effluent is a potential method for wastewater management in a manner that will not cause environmental pollution while benefiting peri-urban farmers.

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Gabrielli, Giuliano, Jorge L. da Paixão, Bruno Coraucci i Adriano L. Tonetti. "Ambiance rose production and nutrient supply in soil irrigated with treated sewage". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 19, nr 8 (sierpień 2015): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n8p755-759.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title><p>Effluents from secondary sewage treatment plants may contain amount of nutrients with the potential to cause eutrophication of water bodies. One of the ways to decrease this influx of nutrients would be the agricultural reuse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigation of roses of the Ambiance variety with the effluent from an anaerobic reactor and an intermittent sand filter (nitrified effluent). The trial lasted for 152 days. The dose of nitrogen applied via effluent was 91% of the crop requirement; of phosphorus, 3.5% (very low); and of potassium, 23%. There was no difference among treatments for the evaluated variables: diameter and length of stem, diameter and length of bud, and fresh weight of flower buds. The production of floral stems was higher in treatments with effluents without conventional fertilization. It is concluded that the irrigation with a treated effluent is an alternative for the fertilization of ambiance roses.</p>

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Choi, C., I. Song, S. Stine, J. Pimentel i C. Gerba. "Role of irrigation and wastewater reuse: comparison of subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation". Water Science and Technology 50, nr 2 (1.07.2004): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0089.

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Two different irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation, are tested to investigate the level of viral contamination and survival when tertiary effluent is used in arid and semi-arid regions. The effluent was injected with bacteriophages of PRD1 and MS2. A greater number of PRD1 and MS2 were recovered from the lettuce in the subsurface drip-irrigated plots as compared to those in the furrow-irrigated plots. Shallow drip tape installation and preferential water paths through cracks on the soil surface appeared to be the main causes of high viral contamination in subsurface drip irrigation plots, which led to the direct contact of the lettuce stems with the irrigation water which penetrated the soil surface. The water use efficiency of the subsurface drip irrigation system was higher than that of the furrow irrigation system. Thus, subsurface drip irrigation is an efficient irrigation method for vegetable crops in arid and semi-arid regions if viral contamination can be reduced. Deeper installation of drip tapes, frequent irrigations, and timely harvests based on cumulative heat units may further reduce health risks by ensuring viral die-off under various field conditions.

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Abusam, Abdallah, Andrzej Mydlarczyk, Fadila Al-Salamain i Moh Ahmed. "Impact of activated sludge bulking and foaming on the quality of Kuwait’s irrigation water". E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015804001.

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Treated municipal wastewater produced in Kuwait is used mainly in agricultural and landscape irrigations. However, there are strong doubts that severe sludge bulking and foaming problems, particularly during winter seasons, may render this water unsuitable for irrigation purposes. To assess the impact of these problems on the quality of irrigation water in Kuwait, samples of secondary and tertiary effluents and sludge-mixed liquor were collected weekly from two wastewater treatment plants for nine months. Routine wastewater quality parameters were then determined for the collected influent and effluent samples. Further, dominant filamentous bacteria in the sludge-mixed liquor samples collected from the aeration tanks were also identified and quantified using a molecular method called Vermicon Identification Technology (VIT). Obtained results of the effluents’ qualities were then statistically analyzed and compared to Kuwait’s irrigation water standards. Statistical results indicated that secondary effluents were greatly impacted by sludge bulking and foaming problems, while tertiary effluents were slightly affected. This finding highlights the importance of having tertiary treatment units in plants to encounter sludge bulking and foaming problems.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Effluent irrigation"

Ali, Inamullah. "Surface irrigation adapted to the land spreading of dairy farm effluent". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83961.

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An important number of Canadian dairy farms manage their manure as solids and in doing so, must handle large volumes of manure seepages and milk house wastewater (dairy farm effluent-DFE). The present project adapted surface irrigation as a more economical and sustainable method of disposing of this large volume of DFE on cropped land near their storage facility. The experimental surface irrigation system consisted of a gated pipe installed perpendicular to the slope of the field allowing the discharged DFE to run down the slope.
The adaptation of the system and the measurement of its environmental impact were conducted on two dairy farms, A and B, in the region South West of Montreal where their DFE were characterized. In 2003 and 2004, DFE was applied on one of two 0.5 and 0.3ha plots, on each farm, to observe losses through the subsurface drainage system, by means of sampling wells, and effects on soil nutrient levels.
The DFE collected in 2002 and 2003 had a lower nutrient content than that collected in 2004 because of higher precipitations. The DFE generally contained between 150-500 mg/L of TKN, 15 to 40 mg/L of TP and 500 to 700 mg/L of TK.
DFE losses through the subsurface drainage system were observed on both farms during each irrigation test. Nevertheless, outlet losses were observed only when irrigating under wet soil conditions or when applying more than 50mm of DFE. Outlet losses represented at the most 1.2% of the total DFE volume applied and 0.32% of the nutrient and bacterial loads.
Although only 65 to 75% of the soil surface was covered by the applied DFE, the irrigation sessions did provide some additional soil moisture for crops, increasing yield by 31% in 2004. Once absorbed by the soil, the applied DFE did not increase the soil nutrient level and variability in the presence of crop. Thus, the DFE contributed to the irrigation and fertilization of the plots.
Surface irrigation to spread low nutrient DFE, as compared to the conventional tanker system reduced the application costs from $3.05/m3, to $0.95/m3.

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Aziz, Edriyana A. "Fate and transport of oestrogenic compounds from sewage effluent irrigation water". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12761.

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Gunn, Kpoti Mawutodzi. "Developing Strategies For Year-Round Spray Irrigation of Wastewater Effluent in Ohio". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262207613.

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Mancino, C. F., L. Salo, A. Hayes, I. Pepper i D. M. Kopec. "The Influence of Effluent Irrigation on Specific Soil Microbial Populations and Parameters". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215852.

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Hayes, A. R., C. F. Mancino, W. Y. Forden, D. M. Kopec i I. L. Pepper. "Irrigation of Turfgrass with Secondary Municipal Sewage Effluent: Soil and Turf Aspects". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216076.

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This field experiment evaluated the use of secondary municipal sewage effluent for irrigation of two turfgrass species. In April 1987 common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) was seeded to a gravelly sandy loans soil and maintained under fairway conditions. Perennial ryegrass (Loliman perenne L.) was overseeded in the fall to maintain an actively growing turf. Plots were irrigated identically with either effluent or potable water. Soil and irrigation water samples were collected periodically and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na), calcium + magnesium (Ca +Mg), bicarbonates (HCO₃), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Effluent water was found to contain a higher sodium absorption ratio (SAR), EC and greater concentrations of all the above elements with the exception of pH. Effluent irrigation lead to significantly lower seed germination and resulted in higher EC, Na, nitrate- nitrogen (NO₃-N), P and K concentrations in soils. Turf quality was assessed by visual evaluation under four N fertilization rates in each irrigation regime. Established effluent irrigated turf did not show signs of osmotic stress with a 15-20% leaching fraction and responded to the nutrient content of this water during periods of higher irrigation rates. However, no single fertilization rate or irrigation regime consistently produced a superior turf quality. Secondary municipal sewage effluent was used successfully for turf irrigation but the greater EC, Na and nutrient content of the water need to be considered by the turf professional making management decisions.

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Rui, Li. "The use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation in the Bottelary River area: Effluent quality, farmers perception and potential extent". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_1918_1177917293.

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The Bottelary River area is located in a Mediterranean climate region, where the agricultural sector plays an important role. During the dry summer season, there is not enough precipitation to meet the agricultural irrigation requirements. Some farmers extract river water which is practically the final treated effluent from the Scottsdene Wastewater Treatment Works to irrigate crops. This research investigated the use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation in this area, particularly focused on the effluent quality, farmers perception, and the potential extent.

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Gallagher, Mark Robert. "Numerical modelling of nitorogen leaching from effluent irrigation on Great Barrier Reef islands /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17121.pdf.

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Xiong, Xianzhe, i mikewood@deakin edu au. "Heavy metal accumulation in soils at three field sites subject to effluent irrigation". Deakin University. School of Ecology and Environment, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.110403.

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Three field sites were chosen to study the environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil. These sites were the Werribee Farm and the Myome Farm in Australia and Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area in China. The Werribee Farm and the Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area received sewage treatment and application on land for a long time. The Myome farm is an experimental site in which investigations on land application of municipal wastewater on water repellent soils is currently being trailed. Heavy metal contamination, in particular Cr, Cu and Zn, in the Land Filtration soil of Werribee Farm was widespread. More than a century of sewage irrigation has occurred in the Werribee Farm. The temporal distribution pattern of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the soil at this site follow an exponential trend with time and the spatial distribution pattern of accumulation of heavy metals in different paddocks correlates with the number of years of sewage irrigation at that site in the Farm. Extensive sewage irrigation at Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area resulted in significant Cd pollution in soil-plant (rice) system and poses a significant threat to the health of local people. Even after eight years since cessation of sewage irrigation, the bioavailable fractions of Cd in the soil as analyzed by sequential extraction techniques were very high thus illustrating long-term persistence. The simultaneous competitive adsorption of metals in water repellent soils (at Myome Farm in South Australia) was studied. In the competitive situation, Cr, Pb and Cu are the heavy metal cations more strongly adsorbed by the soil, whereas Cd, Ni and Zn are the least adsorbed. The increase in Freundlich adsorption capacity by clay amendment suggested that clayed soils are capable sorption of higher heavy metal loadings compared to the non-clayed water repellent soil, which is more vulnerable to heavy metal inputs. A simple model of environmental assimilative capacity is proposed. The results of comparison of the three field sites shows that the Werribee Farm has a higher environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil than the soils at Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area and Myome Farm, however heavy metal contamination at Werribee Farm is still a concern. The model of environmental assimilative capacity of heavy metals in soil is an effective tool to assist management of effluent applied land irrigation systems and can be used to better design environmental engineering systems.

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Rowan, Michael A. "The utility of drip Irrigation for the distribution of on-site wastewater effluent". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1078848711.

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Pinheiro, José Alberto Ribeiro. "Aproveitamento de águas de ETAR para abastecimento de cisternas, autotanques e equipamentos similares e rega de espaços públicos. O caso da Estação de tratamento de águas residuais de Fernão Ferro no concelho do Seixal". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4085.

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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Tecnologias Ambientais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
TheEarth's water resourcesare limited and its availabilityisnotgeographicallyevenlydistributed.Only1% of all existing water is fresh waterandistherefore likely tobe usedfor human consumption. To achieve environment sustainability, it is essential the protection of complex ecosystems and the wise use of natural resources; our survival could depend on this. Sustainability cannot be achieved with current models of consumption and the disproportionate use of resources. One solution to this problem is the use of systems for storage and reuse of treated wastewater. In this thesis, the case study focuses on demonstrating the economic viability of building, on the surroundings of the Station of Wastewater Treatment at the community of Fernão Ferro, of a supplying Unit of treated wastewater to be used in tanks, pump trucks, mechanical sweepers and similar equipment, and also to supply the irrigation networks already installed in this community.Thus, considering that the present project aims to increase the life of the treated effluent, it was performed, in the experimental part of this thesis, the calculation for the study’s financial feasibility; it allowed us to conclude that the project is feasible through an application of the National Strategic Reference Framework, 2007/2013 (QREN - Quadro de ReferênciaEstratégicoNacional), that could subsidy 80% of the total investment, and the remaining 20% would be supported by the Seixal township

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Książki na temat "Effluent irrigation"

Feigin, Amos, Israela Ravina i Joseph Shalhevet. Irrigation with Treated Sewage Effluent. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74480-8.

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Feigin, A. Irrigation with treated sewage effluent: Management for environmental protection. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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I, Ravina, i Shalhevet Joseph, red. Irrigation with treated sewage effluent: Management for environmental protection. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Kaddous, Farid G. A. Recycling of secondary treated effluent through vegetable and a loamy sand soil. [Melbourne: Victoria] Dept. of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 1986.

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Myers, B. J. Sustainable effluent-irrigated plantations: An Australian guideline. Canberra: CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, 1999.

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Robb, Christina. New Zealand guidelines for utilisation of sewage effluent on land. Rotorua, N.Z: New Zealand Land Treatment Collective and Forest Research, 2000.

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Pruitt, Janet B. Effects of treated municipal effluent irrigation on ground water beneath sprayfields, Tallahassee, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

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B, Pescod M., Arar Abdullah i Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., red. Treatment and use of sewage effluent for irrigation: Proceedings of the FAO Regional Seminar on the Treatment and Use of Sewage Effluent for Irrigation, held in Nicosia, Cyprus, 7-9 October 1985. London: Published by arrangement with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations by Butterworths, 1988.

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Trommer, J. T. Effects of effluent spray irrigation and sludge disposal on ground water in a karst region, northwest Pinellas County, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Części książek na temat "Effluent irrigation"

Feigin, Amos, Israela Ravina i Joseph Shalhevet. "Practical Use of Effluent Irrigation". W Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 117–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74480-8_4.

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Feigin, Amos, Israela Ravina i Joseph Shalhevet. "Irrigation Systems for Sewage Effluent". W Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 175–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74480-8_6.

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Rawat, Shweta, i Sanjay Kumar. "The Feasibility Study of Green Microalgae Assisted Coal Mine Effluent Desalination". W Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022), 255–67. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_25.

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AbstractCarbon-neutral sustainable approaches are highly demanding in the coal energy sector. Coal mine effluent disposal is a severe challenge with crucial concern issues of salinity hazard and heavy metal contamination due to long-duration water and coal interaction. The medium to the high salinity of coal mine effluent leads towards irrigation unsuitability due to the negative impact upon infiltration and permeability of nutrients from the soil to plant. Focusing on the international irrigation water quality standards given by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, most coal mine effluents are considered negatively impacting crops, soil fertility, groundwater, and aquatic life. Therefore, the current study investigates the direct cultivation suitability of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to simultaneously treat coal mine effluent for salinity removal and biomass production. Initially, C. pyrenoidosa culture adaptation in varying concentrations of coal mine effluents (25%–100%) in coal mine effluent, which are collected from two different points of coal mine named as coal mine effluent 1 (CME1) and coal mine effluent 2 (CME2). Evaluating C. pyrenoidosa growth kinetics, it was observed that the doubling time extended from 2.25 days (100% BG-11 as a medium; control) to 4.33 days (100% CME as a medium). Interestingly, the highest value for biomass production was 1.78 ± 0.12 g/ L with 25% CME 1 supplemented with essential growth nutrients; this value lies near 100% BG11 supplemented growth, 1.81 ± 0.05 g/L. In the current study, taking salinity removal as a prime concern, 100% utilization of CME-2 in place of BG-11 medium was very significant for salinity reduction from 4.80 ± 0.50 mS/cm (initial) to 0.98 ± 0.02 mS/cm (final) during 14 days batch growth. In continuation of that, the significant finding was salinity reduction of both samples (50% and 75% sample) to the level of 0.7 mS/ cm, which lies under the FAO guidelines for irrigation. Present findings also revealed an alternative to conventional processes, i.e., thermal and membrane desalination. Microalgae-assisted desalination is a novel, energy-efficient, eco-sustainable, cost-effective, and long-term operational approach. It has good potential to treat medium to sub-optimal salinity of coal mine effluent coupled with high-value biomass production.

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Oron, Gideon, Laura Alcalde-Sanz, Leonid Gillerman, Yossi Manor, Amos Bick i Miquel Salgot. "Risk Management During Effluent Application for Irrigation". W Environmental Indicators, 677–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9499-2_39.

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Oron, Gideon, i Jose Beltrão. "Complete environmental effluent disposal and reuse by drip irrigation". W Optimization of Plant Nutrition, 589–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2496-8_91.

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Feigin, Amos, Israela Ravina i Joseph Shalhevet. "Effect of Irrigation with Treated Sewage Effluent on Soil, Plant and Environment". W Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 34–116. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74480-8_3.

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Graber, Ellen R. "Effect of irrigation with secondary sewage effluent on the transport of soil-borne pesticides". W Modern Agriculture and the Environment, 317–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5418-5_25.

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Micangeli, Andrea, Nicola Iannuzzo i Stefano Esposto. "Chlorine Self-Production Plant Solution for Effluent Water to be Used in Irrigation in Gaza Strip". W Handbook of Sustainable Engineering, 117–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8939-8_88.

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Asano, Takashi. "Irrigation with Treated Sewage Effluents". W Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 199–228. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78562-7_9.

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Bharti, Ajay, i Pankaj K. Pandey. "Disposal of Effluents from Pulp and Paper Industries Through Irrigation". W Field Practices for Wastewater Use in Agriculture, 215–24. Series statement: Innovations in agricultural and biological engineering: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003034506-14.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Effluent irrigation"

Jovanovic, N. Z. "The use of treated effluent for agricultural irrigation: current status in the Bottelary catchment (South Africa)". W SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si080361.

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Smith, J. T., i R. O. Evans. "Field Evaluation of Irrigation Systems Applying Lagoon Effluent". W Watershed Management and Operations Management Conferences 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40499(2000)111.

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Jiusheng Li i Lei Chen. "Assessing Emitter Clogging in Drip Irrigation Systems with Sewage Effluent". W 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26970.

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Antonangelo, Joao A., Hailin Zhang, Saleh Taghvaeian i Scott Carter. "Applying Swine Effluent for Grass Production Using Subsurface Drip Irrigation". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482957.003.

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Moyo, L. G., A. Vushe, M. A. January i D. A. Mashauri. "Evaluation of suitability of Windhoek’s wastewater effluent for re-use in vegetable irrigation: a case study of Gammams effluent". W RAVAGE OF THE PLANET 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rav150101.

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Mohamed Abouzeid Rashad, Mohamed Ali Abdel-Hadi i Samy Abl El-Malik Abd El-Azeem. "Assessment of Emitter Discharge in Drip Irrigation as Affected by Biogas Effluent". W 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, May 27-June 1, 2012, Bari, Italy. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41443.

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"Sustainable effluent irrigation over the past decade – The role of MEDLI modelling for wastewater discharge". W 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.g7.vieritz.

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Ahmad, Ayesha, i Mohammad Alghouti. "Approaches to achieve Sustainable use and Management of Groundwater Resources in Qatar". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0074.

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This paper reviews the hydro-geochemical characterization of Qatar’s aquifer. In addition, it highlights the opportunities in the current groundwater management practices to achieve a sustainable groundwater use in Qatar such as assessing and monitoring the groundwater quantity and quality. In this review article, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework is used to analyze the water resource system in Qatar; begins by describing the causal chain from driving forces of impacts and finally state the responses. As the main driver is the intensive use of groundwater for agriculture irrigation, this causes high pressure on groundwater abstraction and deteriorate the state of the groundwater environment in term of quantity and quality, which has an impact on the food and water supply demands. Therefore, the final response highlights the need for the enhancing the rainfall infiltration to the aquifers, recharging the groundwater aquifers using treated sewage effluent or desalinated water development of groundwater treatment techniques, the use of efficient water irrigation practices, the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation and the development of certain water-use tariff structures and awareness campaigns for farmers.

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Nathaniel H. Canady i Dennis C. Flanagan. "Use of Polyacrylamide to Reduce Runoff, Soil Loss and Nutrient Loss under Lagoon Effluent Sprinkler Irrigation". W 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17664.

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"Comparison of plant growth and nitrogen uptake of maize under drip irrigation applying treated sewage effluent and groundwater". W 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152188920.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Effluent irrigation"

Graber, Ellen R., Linda S. Lee i M. Borisover. An Inquiry into the Phenomenon of Enhanced Transport of Pesticides Caused by Effluents. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570559.bard.

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The objective of this collaborative research project was to determine the factors that may cause enhanced pesticide transport under effluent irrigation. For s-triazines, the potential for enhanced transport through association with effluent dissolved organic matter (OM) was shown to be small in batch and column studies and in numerical simulations. High alkalinity and pH of treated effluents increased soil-solution pH for selected soil-effluent combinations, promoting the dissolution of soil OM and mobilizing otherwise OM-retained pesticides. Evapotranspiration in column studies resulted in increased pore-water concentrations of dissolved OM and some pesticide transport enhancement with the greatest effect observed with OM-poor soils. For ionogenic pesticides, effluent-induced increases in soil-solution pH increased the mobility of pesticides with acid dissociation constants within 2 pH units of the initial soil-solution pH. Effluents high in suspended solids and/or monovalent cations resulted in blockage of soil pores reducing water-flow velocity and/or changing flow paths. Reduced flow resulted in an increase in desorption time of soil sorbed pesticides, increasing the amount available for further transport with the net effect being soil texture dependent. In terms of pesticide degradation in soils, effluents appeared to have only a minor effect for the few pesticides investigated.

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MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman i John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.

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The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic carbon needed as a food source by the Comamonas sp. for completion of denitrification. We also found that recirculated irrigation water contains substantial amounts of fungal inoculum, and that irrigating healthy plants with such water leads to significant levels of root infection. Water can be disinfected with UV, but our experiments showed that Hg-vapor lamps do not possess sufficient energy to kill spores in wastewater containing dissolved organics. Excimer lasers and Xenon flashlamps do possess the needed power levels, but only the laser had a high enough repetition rate to reliably treat large volumes of water. Ozone was highly efficacious, but it's use as a water treatment is probably best suited to moderate or low volume irrigation systems. This research provides critical data needed for the design of effective water denitrification and/or pathogen disinfection systems for different growing operations.

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Oron, Gideon, Raphi Mandelbaum, Carlos E. Enriquez, Robert Armon, Yoseph Manor, L. Gillerman, A. Alum i Charles P. Gerba. Optimization of Secondary Wastewater Reuse to Minimize Environmental Risks. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573077.bard.

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The main purpose of the research was to examine approaches and to evaluate methods for minimizing the risks during applying treated domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This general purpose consisted of examining under field conditions the possibilities when implementing different application technologies for minimizing health and environmental risks. It was assumed that Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) will provide adequate conditions for safe effluent reuse. Controlled field experiments where conducted in commercial fields to evaluate the alternatives. Main efforts where conducted in Israel in the grape vineyard in Arad heights, in the field crops in Kibbutz Chafets Chaim and in Arizona in fields adjacent to the University campus. The complementary part was to examine the behavior of the various pathogens in the effluent-soil-plant system. The analysis is based on controlled experiments, primarily in greenhouse along with field experiments. Molecular biology methods were used to identify the behavior of the pathogens in the components of the system. The project included as well examining the effluent quality in various sites, primarily those in which treated wastewater is reused for agricultural irrigation. The monitoring included conventional parameters however, also parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The results obtained indicate the prominent advantages of using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method for minimizing health and environmental risks during application of secondary effluent. A theoretical model for assessing the risks while applying treated wastewater was completed as well. The management model shows the risks during various scenarios of wastewater quality, application technology and related human exposure.

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Sparks, Donald L., i Sala Feigenbaum. Effect of Irrigation with Brackish and Sewage Effluent Waters on Potassium Reactions in Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, sierpień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7566847.bard.

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Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki i Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.

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The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was devoted to clarifying and quantifying the effects of plants and water regime on the soil's redox potential while the study of heavy metals sorption was limited. The use of reclaimed sewage effluents as agricultural irrigation water is increasing at a significant rate. The relatively high levels of suspended and, especially, dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in effluents may affect the redox regime in field soils irrigated with them. In turn, the changes in redox regime may affect, among other parameters, the organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of the root zone and trace organic decomposition processes. Detailed data of the redox potential regime in field plots is lacking, and the detailed mechanisms of its control are obscure and not quantified. The study established the feasibility of long-term, non-disturbing monitoring of redox potential regime in field soils. This may enable to manage soil redox under conditions of continued inputs of wastewater. The importance of controlling the degree of wastewater treatment, particularly of adding ultrafiltration steps and/or tertiary treatment, may be assessed based on these and similar results. Low redox potential was measured in a field site (Site A, KibutzGivat Brenner), that has been irrigated with effluents for 30 years and was used for 15 years for continuous commercial sod production. A permanently reduced horizon (Time weighted averaged pe= 0.33±3.0) was found in this site at the 15 cm depth throughout the measurement period of 10 months. A drastic cultivation intervention, involving prolonged drying and deep plowing operations may be required to reclaim such soils. Site B, characterized by a loamy texture, irrigated with tap water for about 20 years was oxidized (Time weighted average pe=8.1±1.0) throughout the measurement period. Iron in the solid phases of the Givat Brenner soils is chemically-reduced by irrigation. Reduced Fe in these soils causes a change in reactivity toward the pesticide oxamyl, which has been determined to be both cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalian cells. Reaction of oxamyl with reduced-Fe clay minerals dramatically decreases its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells. Some other pesticides are affected in the same manner, whereas others are affected in the opposite direction (become more cyto- and genotoxic). Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) are abundant in the Givat Brenner soils. FeRB are capable of coupling the oxidation of small molecular weight carbon compounds (fermentation products) to the respiration of iron under anoxic conditions, such as those that occur under flooded soil conditions. FeRB from these soils utilize a variety of Fe forms, including Fe-containing clay minerals, as the sole electron acceptor. Daily cycles of the soil redox potential were discovered and documented in controlled-conditions lysimeter experiments. In the oxic range (pe=12-8) soil redox potential cycling is attributed to the effect of the daily temperature cycle on the equilibrium constant of the oxygenation reaction of H⁺ to form H₂O, and is observed under both effluent and freshwater irrigation. The presence of plants affects considerably the redox potential regime of soils. Redox potential cycling coupled to the irrigation cycles is observed when the soil becomes anoxic and the redox potential is controlled by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This is particularly seen when plants are grown. Re-oxidation of the soil after soil drying at the end of an irrigation cycle is affected to some degree by the water quality. Surprisingly, the results suggest that under certain conditions recovery is less pronounced in the freshwater irrigated soils.

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Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar i Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.

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Effects of treated municipal effluent irrigation on ground water beneath sprayfields, Tallahassee, Florida. US Geological Survey, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri884092.

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Effects of effluent spray irrigation and sludge disposal on ground water in a karst region, northwest Pinellas County, Florida. US Geological Survey, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri914181.

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