Rozprawy doktorskie: „Efficiency in government”

1

OKAMURA, Makoto, i Nobuhiro MORI. "Fiscal Efficiency of Government Policies". 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17777.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

2

Ghaus, Aisha. "Local government finances : efficiency, equity and optimality". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272004.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

3

Tso, Wai-yan, i 曹渭仁. "The impact of anti-corruption work on government efficiency". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45012659.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

4

Chan, Lap-chung, i 陳立中. "Productivity and efficiency improvement programmes of the Hong Kong Government". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266976.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

5

Kashani, Hossein. "Government intervention and efficiency in the North Sea petroleum industry". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804404/.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

6

Lap-chung, Chan. "Productivity and efficiency improvement programmes of the Hong Kong Government /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17983046.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

7

Anderson, David A. "Efficiency versus democracy policy trends and assessment of state E-government /". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8318.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Thesis (M.L.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: College of Information Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

8

Porcelli, Francesco. "Essays in local public finance : how to measure and stimulate local government efficiency". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55165/.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis is concerned with the measurement and determinants of efficiency of local governments in the provision of public goods and services. In particular, the three chapters provide new contributions to the literature of fiscal federalism studying, from different angles, the relationship between policies that can stimulate the electoral accountability of politicians and local government efficiency in the provision of public services. In all chapters the measurement of local government efficiency has been obtained through data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier models using different measures of inputs and outputs employed in the production of public services. Subsequently, the determinants of efficiency have been studied using panel data models and quasi-experimental methods. The analysis takes advantage of the policies implemented by the Italian and the United Kingdom (UK) government in the last 20 years. In particular, Italian local authorities have been subject to an intense process of fiscal decentralisation, and English councils have been subject to a unique process of performance evaluation based on quantitative measures of outputs.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

9

Raj, Sakshi. "The Effectiveness of Government Mandated Disclosure Reform". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2561.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The higher the level of information asymmetry between a firm and its investors, the higher is the firm’s reluctance to raise money externally, potentially leading to investment distortions. An improved disclosure system reduces information asymmetry and therefore, lessens the adverse selection effects of external financing, thereby moderating investment inefficiencies. In this paper, we examine the impact of potentially improved transparency stemming from stricter disclosure requirements (Clause 49) on financing and investment decisions of Indian firms. The results show that reliance of Indian firms on internal financing in the pre-reform period gives way to greater use of external financing in the post-reform period, and alleviation in financial constraints. While expanded funding sources do not seem to improve investment unambiguously, firms that suffered under-investment prior to the reform show a significant improvement in investment post-reform. Firms also increase their financial slack making it possible for them to engage in acquisitions within India as well as abroad.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

10

Gaudry, Brendan Paul. ""The efficiency and efectiveness of secondary schools in South Australia : a comparative study of government and non-government schools" /". Title page, contents and introduction only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecg267.pdf.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

11

Tsoai, Manale Daniel. "Achieving operational efficiency within the local sphere of government / Manale Daniel Tsoai". Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2597.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The study was done within the local government environment. It was conducted with the aim of assisting municipalities to achieve optimum levels of operational efficiency, following the realisation that all over the world there is an increasing need for organisations, including government organisations, to become efficient. One of the major challenges facing governments worldwide is the need for them to supply basic services to their populations, who are increasing at a disproportionate rate to the resources available to sustain and improve the quality of life of these people. Thus for government to overcome these challenges, it needs to utilise its available resources cautiously to be able to meet these escalating challenges effectively. Therefore, ten practices were presented in this study as key instruments capable of bringing about efficiency to the manner in which local government operates or delivers services. It was found during the literature review that when these practices are deployed, they will ensure the achievement of operational efficiency within the local sphere of government. The empirical study was conducted in Matjhabeng Local Municipality (MLM), located in the Northern region of the Free State Province. This local municipality came into existence on the 5th of December 2000 after the amalgamation of the former six transitional local councils into one financially viable and economically sustainable municipality. It incorporates the city of Welkom and the towns of Virginia, Odendaalsrus, Hennenman, Allanridge and Ventersburg, with an estimated population of more than 500 000 people. During the background review of the municipality, several challenges were encountered which included parts of the population without access to proper sanitation and electricity. However, in all the municipal challenges presented, it was argued that the solution can be found in the effective management of municipal input with relation to its output, which means that the municipality has the huge task of managing its scarce resources in an efficient manner to be able to deliver on its mandate and to meet the expectations of its residents. Furthermore, the study was conducted from a sample consisting of the four senior managers and twenty line managers from the four departments within the municipality. A representative sampling method was employed to ensure that all relevant aspects (such as race, gender and department), considered important for selecting a sample, are included and to also obtain global responses from respondents selected to participate in the study. Furthermore this sample was drawn from a population of nine senior managers and 35 line managers. The research was conducted with the expressed permission from the office of the accounting officer. Different impressions of the responses made by the participants from this municipality were obtained and then analysed. Overall, there was a negative response from the majority of the participants regarding most of the questions on the ten practices identified. Moreover, in terms of the devised model for measuring efficiency of the municipality based on three levels, the most desirable being Level 3, it was found that the municipality could be classified as a Level 1 organisation, which means that the municipality is at an elementary phase as far as achieving efficiency in its operations is concerned. Lastly, recommendations were made based on the findings of the empirical research conducted.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

12

Barkley, Aaron. "Cost and Efficiency in Dynamic Government Outsourcing: Evidence from the Dredging Industry". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/970.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This dissertation contains essays on government outsourcing and identification of dynamic binary choice models. The first essay, titled “Mixed-Delivery of a Public Good: An Empirical Case Study of the Dredging Industry,” provides a descriptive analysis of the United States dredging industry. The industry has several features that make it an interesting area to study delivery of public goods; most notably, provision of dredging services in the US are split between in-house provision by the US Army Corps of Engineers and contracting out to private sector dredging companies. Patterns of in-house government project selection suggest that government prefers to complete smaller projects and also indicates the presence of complementarities across projects arising from travel distance between project sites. In the second essay, “Semi-parametric Identification of Dynamic Binary Choice Models,” I give conditions under which both the per-period payoffs for each state and the distribution of the random, unobserved component of agent utility are identified. Most previous work in dynamic discrete choice models has used the assumption that the distribution of choice-specific utility shocks are known. I show that two conditions suffice to identify this distribution: first, that there is a period in which there is no future value component for agents. This can arise due to either non-stationary state transitions or a finite time horizon. Second, I assume that there is a state variable that enters into the utility for one of the choices through a known function. This allows for identification of the distribution of the unobserved utility component through variation in this state variable in the static periods. Finally the last essay, titled “Cost and Efficiency in Government Outsourcing,” builds a dynamic binary-choice model of government outsourcing decisions and applies the model to the dredging industry described in the first essay. I investigate the effect of government outsourcing on total expenditures and efficiency by considering how outsourcing decisions are determined along two dimensions: (i) cost differences between private firms and government suppliers of public goods and (ii) dynamics arising from cost complementarities and capacity constraints. Identification of the model uses the identification results from the second chapter, and allows for identification of the full distribution of government project costs. Model estimates indicate substantial cost savings due to outsourcing but also that government presence in the market is important for cost reduction. A counterfactual policy experiment featuring direct competition between government and private sector firms finds a total expenditure reduction of 17.1%.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

13

Quinlivan, Michael Dale. "Local government accountability – financial, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability performance reports : stakeholder perspectives". Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2025.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The question posed in this study was whether local government is held accountable for their financial management, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability and if local government reports contribute to this. In this study perceptions of how residents form their views about the performance of their local government were gained by interviewing residents and senior managers. Three local governments differing in the size of the organisation, the demography of the residents, and their urban environment took part in the study. A qualitative methodology within the constructivist paradigm was used with the rigour of the study being judged in terms of its method and analysis, and the findings and recommendations assessed against quality criteria particularly its usefulness in the real world of local government.Using a grounded research approach, the study found that residents’ perceptions of local government are highly subjective and influenced by many factors including trust in the local government, personal experience, public perceptions and personal values. Using economics of information theory in which the cost of information is balanced against the benefits of the information, residents’ behaviour was classified into four categories: detached, vicarious, specific purpose and engaged. A tentative model of assurance emerged from the findings. The model provides a means of explaining the personal, institutional and exogenous conditions that affect the benefits and cost to residents of performance information. The emergent model was used to understand issues about the accountability of local government, and implications for community engagement, models of management and local government sustainability programmes.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

14

Al-Kubaisi, Ali Selham. "Improving the transparency, openness and efficiency of e-government in Qatar in the era of Open Government Data, and beyond". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/75540/2/Ali_Al-Kubaisi_Thesis.pdf.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis investigates how Open Government Data (OGD) concepts and practices might be implemented in the State of Qatar to achieve more transparent, effective and accountable government. The thesis concludes with recommendations as to how Qatar, as a developing country, might enhance the accessibility and usability of its OGD and implement successful and sustainable OGD systems and practices.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

15

Kurnia, Akhmad Syakir. "Public sector efficiency of decentralized local government in Indonesia : a political and institutional analysis". Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2579.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis investigates public sector efficiency (PSE) of decentralized local governments in Indonesia. Based on the literature review improved efficiency is considered as the main outcome expected from a decentralized system of public service provision. Hence analysing public sector efficiency provides the de facto measure of the ability of decentralized local government in internalizing the benefits of fiscal and political decentralization. In order to identify the significance of the effect of 2004 electoral contest, the first democratic election in the decentralized Indonesia, efficiency in the public sector is investigated in a period from 2005 to 2008. The 2004 electoral contest is considered as an important phase of democratization and decentralization in Indonesia as it was the first election where voters directly chose leaders at every level of government. Political and institutional features which emerged as a result of the 2004 election were expected to have an impact on a decentralized system of public service provision.This thesis employs a two-stage method. In the first stage, non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to generate the efficiency scores of all local governments. Several outcome indicators in the education and health sectors, infrastructure, poverty mitigation as well as macroeconomic performance are taken as a measure of the flow of services that arise from public spending. Hence, public sector efficiency is defined as the flow of services per unit expenditure.The second stage of the method aims to investigate public sector efficiency against non-discretionary variables involving a measure of fiscal decentralization, political and institutional variables, as well as total factor productivity growth as a control variable. In order to do so, this thesis employs an econometric analysis using fixed effect vector decomposition (FEVD). The FEVD is adopted as the political and institutional variables are characterised as time-invariant variables.In the first stage of the method, the DEA estimate reveals that public sector efficiency scores vary across local governments, corroborating the general pattern of the regional disparity in Indonesia. That is, poorly developed regions have relatively inefficient governments. The DEA calculation locates local governments on Java Island at the frontier indicating that these local governments are benchmarking others. On the other hand, Papua and Papua Barat emerge with the lowest efficiency score over the observation period with a large divergence from the frontier. The results also show that the average and the median efficiency scores are drifting downwards, while the distance from the lowest score to the frontier is increasing. This indicates that the regional disparity in the public sector efficiency was increasing over the observation period.The second stage of the method reveals that the ability of a decentralized local government to generate local own-revenue is significant in improving public sector efficiency. The estimation results show that the degree of fiscal decentralization as measured by the ratio of local own-revenue to total public spending has a significant positive impact on the PSE. However, given that the growth of total factor productivity also has a significant and positive impact on the PSE, the result should be seen as a caution that improved PSE might result from overall total productivity in the economy. A local jurisdiction that has higher total factor productivity will present greater public sector efficiency regardless the degree of fiscal decentralization.The second stage estimate also reveals that the formation of the new government as an outcome of the first electoral democracy in the decentralized Indonesia has nothing to do with the PSE improvement. The lost hegemony of Golkar in the decentralized democratized Indonesia, measured as the ratio of seats held by Golkar to total seats in the local assembly, does not show any significant impact on the PSE. The first electoral democracy might have resulted in a new democratic government in Indonesia; however, the new democratic government might be merely a continuation of an old structure with new rules on the limits of democratization. Accordingly, the new democratic government did not impact on improved efficiency in the public sector.Another significant feature of the formation of the new government in the decentralized democratized Indonesia is the rebirth of politik aliran (political parties rooted to a particular socio-ideology). Politik aliran is represented by Islamic based political parties. These parties held a significant number of seats in the legislative councils. The estimation results reveal a negative association between political Islam and PSE, even when PKB (Nation Awakening Party) and PAN (National Mandatory Party) are included in the measure. Both parties do not set Islam as their platform, but affiliate to NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) and Muhammdiyah, the two largest socio-religious organizations in Indonesia. The result may also stand as a confirmation that patron-client affiliation in Indonesia’s electoral democracy fails to leverage accountability and hence fails to result in improved PSE.The second stage estimate finds evidence that democratic participation did not have an impact on the PSE. This contradicts the general representation claiming that greater democratic participation is associated with better economic performance. The estimates reveal a negative impact of democratic participation on the PSE. In the setting of politik aliran, the coefficient estimate is statistically significant. It implies that while political Islam may have increased electoral participation, the participation has nothing to do with improved PSE. This may not be surprising in the case of electoral democracy in Indonesia where electoral participation is characterised by money politics, patron-client political relationship and unbalanced electoral participation.Many parties flourish in the decentralized democratized Indonesia escalating political fragmentation. Using a Herfindahl-Hirschman index as a measure of the size-political fragmentation this study finds evidence that while citizens may have more options to select parties/politicians to best represent their preferences, higher political fragmentation shows ambiguous impact on PSE.The quality of institutional governance and its impact on PSE is represented by a corruption perception index and an infrastructure perception index. The estimation results reveal evidence that public sector efficiency is positively associated with the infrastructure perception index, but fail to find evidence of an effect for the corruption perception index. This indicates that the outcome of decentralization is not contingent with a perception about corruption as it is prevalent in the decentralized Indonesia. It occurs almost in all levels of government and institutions. Thus if decentralization results in improved efficiency, it is not due to a corruption lessening but rather due to variations in the level of infrastructure.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

16

Wilsker, Amanda Lori. "The Determinants of Private Contributions and Government Grants to Nonprofit Organizations". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/76.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The nonprofit sector is becoming increasingly important to the U.S. economy both as an employer and service provider. Although most of the sector’s revenues are earned, the ability of the nonprofit sector to generate significant levels of unearned income in the form of grants and contributions reinforces the sector’s uniqueness. This dissertation uses the NCCS-Guidestar data to address questions pertaining to the determinants of nonprofits’ contributions and government grants. Each of the essays’ findings is discussed briefly below. The first chapter examines the relationship between an organization’s finances and the level of government grants received. Because organizations choose to apply for government grants, a Heckman procedure is coupled with fixed effects to produce unbiased, within organization estimates. When controlling for the probability an organization receives grant funding, the average level of grants an organization receives generally increases with improvements in efficiency measures. In testing Brooks’ (2004) adjusted performance measure, the author finds that for many categories of nonprofit organizations, improvements in performance relative to community expectations increase grants for recipients, but better performance reduces the probability an organization receives any government grants. The second essay examines the determinants of direct support to organizations in four of the major categories, namely Arts, Education, Health, and Human Services, using instrumental and panel techniques. Unlike government grants, changes in price do not affect organizations’ expected contributions. When significant, government grants generally crowd out private donations while the effects of program service revenue vary by category and specification. The final essay examines the effects of nonprofit expenses and revenues on direct support for organizations in four small subcategories, Disaster Preparedness, International Aid, Environmental Conservation, and Performing Arts. The essay tests whether the impact of various revenue and expense variables on direct support changes around an unexpected event such as 9/11. Results suggest that the events of 9/11 had a greater moderating effect for categories losing funding compared to categories that received a windfall of contributions.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

17

Xotyeni, Nompumelelo Caroline. "The efficiency of service delivery in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, wards 22 and 36". Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13425.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of service delivery in specific communities, namely Wards 22 and 36, in order to assess whether residents of those communities understand the service delivery process and whether there is enough communication and relationship within the councillors and residents. It is aimed at looking at the relationship between ward councillors and the residents of the community that they are given to represent. Service delivery is something that South Africa has been battling with for years. As much as there is progress within our country, a lot still needs to be done in order to satisfy the citizens of this country. That is where the purpose of this research thus come in, it looks at what the municipality has done to assist its people in matters that are urgent, such as housing, running water and electricity, to name a few. As stated above, this research looks at the implementation, or lack thereof of the municipality, on things that they had said they would attend to in the two wards, ward 22 and ward 36.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

18

Sperfeld, Robert. "Decentralisation and establishment of local government in Lesotho". Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1086/.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This diploma thesis deals with the process of political and administrative decentralisation in the Kingdom of Lesotho. Although decentralization in itself does not automatically lead to development it became an integral part of reform processes in many developing countries. Governments and international donors consider efficient decentralized political and administrative structures as essential elements of “good governance” and a prerequisite for structural poverty alleviation. This paper seeks to analyse how the given decentralization strategy and its implementation is affecting different features of good governance in the case of Lesotho.

The results of the analysis confirm that the decentralisation process significantly improved political participation of the local population. However, the second objective of enhancing efficiency through decentralisation was not achieved. To the contrary, in the institutional design of the newly created local authorities and in the civil service recruitment policy efficiency considerations did not matter. Additionally, the created mechanisms for political participation generate relevant costs. Thus it is impossible to judge unambiguously on the contribution of decentralisation to the achievement of good governance. Different subtargets of good governance are influenced contrarily. Consequently, the adequacy of the concept of good governance as a guiding concept for decentralisation policies can be questioned. The assessment of the success of decentralisation policies requires a normative framework that takes into account the relations between both participation and efficiency.

Despite the partly reduced administrative efficiency the author’s overall impression of the decentralisation process in Lesotho is positive. The establishment of democratically legitimised and participatory local governments justifies certain additional expenditure. However, mistakes in the design and the implementation of the decentralisation strategy would have been avoidable.
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit dem Prozess der politischen und administrativen Dezentralisierung im Königreich Lesotho, einem Entwicklungsland im Südlichen Afrika. Orientierung für die Dezentralisierungsstrategie bietet das in der internationalen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit anerkannte Leitbild der „Good Governance“. Die Arbeit untersucht, wie die Umsetzung der Dezentralisierung im Falle Lesothos konkret zur Annäherung an das Leitbild der Good Governance beiträgt.

Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass sich die Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten der Bevölkerung an den lokalen politischen Prozessen durch die Dezentralisierung erheblich verbessert haben. Das gleichzeitig verfolgte Ziel, durch dezentrale Strukturen die Effizienz zu steigern, konnte nicht erreicht werden. Es ist, im Gegenteil, von geringerer Effizienz auszugehen. Grund hierfür sind sowohl die Kosten der Partizipation, als auch ein institutionelles Design und eine Personalpolitik, die Effizienzgesichtspunkte weitgehend vernachlässigen. Ein pauschales Urteil, ob der Dezentralisierungsprozess in Lesotho Good Governance befördert, ist somit nicht möglich. Die Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Unterziele von Good Governance sind sowohl positiv als auch negativ. Damit zeigt sich, dass Good Governance im Falle Lesothos nur bedingt als Leitbild und Zielsystem für Dezentralisierung geeignet ist. Um den Erfolg der Dezentralisierung einzuschätzen ist ein normativer Rahmen erforderlich, der die Beziehung beider Ziele nicht ausblendet.

Der Autor plädiert im Falle Lesothos für eine bedingt positive Gesamteinschätzung des Dezentralisierungsprozesses, trotz der verringerten Effizienz. Der Aufbau von demokratisch legitimierten und beteiligungsintensiven kommunalen Strukturen rechtfertigt bestimmte Aufwendungen. Fehler bei Planung und Umsetzung der Dezentralisierungsstrategie wären jedoch vermeidbar gewesen.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

19

Trani, Brett. "Crises, consensus, and conviction : the core executive and the institutionalisation of British efficiency reforms". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225335.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In the aftermath of the 2008 economic recession, governments across the globe were forced to confront a difficult reality: growth and spending would need to be revised dramatically downward while central government systems would have to be made more efficient. In the United Kingdom specifically, the 2010 general election became a referendum on how quickly and severely to implement austerity policies the likes of which had not been seen for generations. Why did the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition choose austerity when other alternatives, such as a public sector stimulus package, were also available? To answer this question this research seeks to understand how and why political actors in the United Kingdom respond to economic and political crises through the implementation of specific efficiency reforms. This is accomplished through two specific steps: the establishment of an analytical framework to better understand the dynamics of efficiency reforms and an in-depth study of the historical development of efficiency reforms from the early twentieth century through the present. A historical institutionalist theoretical foundation is employed in order to understand the evolution of ideas throughout this time span. A thorough understanding of institutional effects, including aspects of lock-in effects and process tracing, are essential components of understanding why powerful political actors choose certain efficiency reforms over others. Ultimately, this research is meant as a first step towards a greater understanding of efficiency in government. Previous research has examined specific reforms in relative isolation without the benefit of historical context. By systematically tracing the evolution of efficiency reforms across different eras a more complete understanding of policies and political actors is established. Further research, including comparative studies across political systems and the incorporation of quantitative date, is discussed in the conclusion.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

20

Li, Jiazhong. "Impact of Government R&D Subsidies on Innovation Efficiency of China’s High-tech Industries". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49327.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Innovation efficiency is a key factor influencing the position of high-tech industries in the global value chain. Through stochastic frontier analysis, innovation efficiency of China's high-tech industry from 2000 to 2016 was estimated and analyzed. Through five random frontier analysis models, innovation efficiency of new product sales revenue and number of patent applications are analyzed. Results show that the overall level of innovation efficiency in China's high-tech industry is not high. Government subsidies for innovation have a positive impact on the R&D results of new product income from China’s high-tech industry, but have a negative impact on the number of patent applications. Scale of enterprise, degree of openness of enterprise, quality of the labor force and export delivery have a positive impact on innovation efficiency of China's high-tech industry. R&D capital stock and R&D human capital stock have a positive effect on high-tech industry innovation. In high-tech industry's transition from patents to new products, there will be a low conversion rate. Results of economic analysis can help the government to make the basis for management decisions. Conclusion of innovation performance analysis provides practical normative guidance for these high-tech industries.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

21

Khatiwada, Runaj, i Shweta Chalise. "Evaluating the efficiency of the Swedish government policies to control the spread of Covid-19". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35946.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Different public health interventions such as social distancing, quarantine, use of masks in a public place, airport, and public transport restriction, closing of school, college, and shops, or even city lockdown were implemented around the world to control the spread of the highly transmissible virus ‘‘SARS-CoV-2’’, which is responsible for the current pandemic of Covid-19 disease. Like other countries, Sweden also introduced policies like banning public gatherings, commencing distance learning, keeping social distance in public places, suspending flights to and from different countries, closing religious places, banning visits to elderly homes, and many more. This paper examines if such action or recommendations are effective in controlling the spread of Covid-19 disease.The efficiency of these policies at each county in Sweden was evaluated and the effect of temperature on Covid-19 was analyzed using the data from the last week of December 2019 to the last week of September 2020. The statistical inferences were drawn from the multivariate time series model (hhh4) in R. Similarly, QGIS and ggplot2 library in R were used for descriptive analysis.Among all the studied policies, banning the crowd on restaurants and bars, and restricting the number of people for demonstration in Sweden were the most effective methods to reduce the rate of disease spread in almost all the counties. The number of ICU and death cases were low during high temperature in Sweden. The outcome of this study can be useful to implement health policies to manage similar disease outbreaks in the future.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

22

Mahuni, Fortunate Jaqueline Runyararo. "The efficiency of a fiscally decentralized government in the provision of social services: the case of the Eastern Cape provincial government in South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/209.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Governments strive to improve the efficiency of service delivery with the intention of achieving societal goals. Thus, in order to ensure the quality of public services and goods provided to the people, central governments need to follow a decentralised governance approach. The decentralisation theorem states that, if the consumption of public goods and services over different geographical regions of the total population and the cost of providing these public goods and services in each region are the same for both the central and the sub-national government, the provision of public goods and services will be more efficient if they are provided by the sub-national government to their respective jurisdictions. This dissertation’s main aim is to investigate the extent to which the Eastern Cape Provincial Government (ECPG) is efficient in the provision of social services to the people under their jurisdiction. The efficiency scores obtained using the Data Envelopment Analysis Computer Program (DEAP) 2.1 version proved that the ECPG, education, health, social welfare and the housing departments are inefficient in the provision of social services. In this case, fiscal decentralisation as an appropriate vehicle for service delivery seems not to be working for the Eastern Cape Province, unless there is an improvement in the efficiency levels at which the social services are provided by these departments.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

23

Debessay, Robel Netsereab. "The impact of privatisation on firm efficiency, labor market and budget of government: case of Eritrea". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Privatization has become a central feature of the economic policies of nations in the developed and developing world. Eritrea has also embarked on a privatisation program for the state-owned enterprises. It privatised 39 manufacturing enterprises from 1997-2001 in the hope that the enterprises might be restructured into more efficient, profitable, competent and value creating private enterprises. This thesis assessed the impact of privatisation on the operating efficiency, profitability, employment, wages and tax payment of the Eritrean newly privatised manufacturing enterprises.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

24

Sorte, Junior Waldemiro Francisco. "Assessing Brazilian Government Efficiency in Nur-turing the Private Sector: A Cross-Sectoral Analysis on Industrial Policy". Gadjah Mada University Press, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15875.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

25

Campbell, Carol. "'Scottishness', 'Partnership' and 'Efficiency' : exploring devolved school management and local government reorganisation within the local education system". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23747.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis explores the reorganisation of schools and education authorities in Scotland. National implementation of Devolved School Management (DSM) began in 1994. Two years later, Local Government Reorganisation (Reorganisation) occurred. Each policy signified a reorganisation of the education system. The thesis argues the need to consider the combination of DSM and Reorganisation in policy and practice, particularly for the roles and relationships of schools and education authorities. Therefore, the initiation, interpretation and implementation of DSM and Reorganisation over time and across 25 schools and 11 education authorities are researched. There is no previous research on this specific area of inquiry. Hence, the thesis is exploratory. The thesis develops debate about research and analyses of education policy. Influenced by and seeking to develop policy sociology, the method is qualitative. DSM and Reorganisation are interpreted within their historical, political, cultural, social, economic and institutional contexts. The need to explore issues of and linkages between structure and agency is debated. Consideration of discourse is developed to explore the nature of policies, perceptions of persons involved, the linkages to previous developments and the discursively articulated influence of structure and agency. It is suggested three central discourses characterise Scottish education policy. 'Scottishness' posits the distinctive, collective and egalitarian nature of Scottish education. The post-war 'Partnership' advocates a 'national system, locally administered' promoting 'equality of opportunity'. Both discourses have been challenged since the 1970s by an economic discourse of 'Efficiency' valuing market forces and managerialism. The thesis explores the developing and dynamic discourses and the perceptions and practices of policies at school and education authority levels. The perception and promotion of a 'Scottish dimension' within a British state and arguably global reorganisation of education indicates the complex inter-relationships between structure and agency, as articulated in discourses and affecting developing policies such as DSM and Reorganisation.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

26

Bjurek, Hans. "Essays on efficiency and productivity change with applications to public service production". Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk, 1994. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006407795&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

27

Bhanich, Supapol Atipol Carleton University Dissertation Economics. "The Federal make-or-buy policy: an analysis of factors affecting the efficiency of the government R & D contracting-out". Ottawa, 1988.

Znajdź pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

28

O'Sullivan, Daniel. "What model should be used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of a field contracting office". View thesis, 2003. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/03Jun%5FOSullivan.pdf.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

29

Mešková, Alena. "Efektivnost regulace malých stacionárních zdrojů znečištění ovzduší". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149889.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Local air pollution significantly affects human health. Among its major polluters are households which are, however, difficult to regulate. This essay describes the tools of regulation of small pollution resources already implemented in existing legislation and also the instruments under consideration by the Ministry of the Environment, focusing on subsidies. The questionnaire survey monitored the feedback of households towards subsidies for heating change and consequently three hypotheses were specified. The first one assumes that the subsidies will be utilized just by households with lower incomes. The second one assumes that the subsidy will be chozen by elderly people. According to the last hypothesis this choice will be preffered by households with higher heating costs. Any of the hypotheses was not rejected. Subsidies will stimulate households to use more environmentally friendly methods of heating.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

30

Tam, Chee-yun Joyce, i 談知恩. "Review on application and feasibility of biodiesel in Hong Kong and how government policies can support industry efficiency?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48543561.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Hong Kong is vulnerable to energy and economic security due to the heavy dependence on imported fossil fuels. Waste has also been a major environmental management problem due to the amount of rubbish produced every year but lacking the technology and capital to manage different types properly. The objective of the dissertation is to study the feasibility of the use of biofuel in Hong Kong by recycling local waste. Current government policies in Hong Kong and overseas are being investigated on the appropriateness for domestic use. Literature reviews and stakeholders’ questionnaires are accounted to analyse the adaptability and popularity of the biodiesel application. The methodology of the dissertation is to firstly examine literature reviews regarding biodiesel’s environmental aspect, technical efficiencies, economic aspect, government incentives and tax constraints. The consensus outcome of these researches advocated high popularity of biodiesel consumption and production in Europe and U.S. due to lower environmental impact, equivalent output efficiency and strong government support. Their successful implementation is a good example to improvise biodiesel domestically in Hong Kong. Secondly, interviews were conducted with Hong Kong’s limited stakeholders. Respondents such as Hong Kong International Airport, Hong Kong Jockey Club, Fairwood Fastfood MTR Maritime Square were interviewed as these participants have been the pioneers in Hong Kong by recycling waste into biodiesel. On the production side, two out of three bio-refineries in Hong Kong provided their business sustainability and feasibility comments to pursue a long term goal. The limitation on responses might be focused solely on a few peer groups, and not the appropriate stakeholders with proper sampling size. However, the results are concurrent that biodiesel is one of the best alternative energy in Hong Kong. The dissertation draws positive results based on the following factors. Biodiesel can diminish the tremendous cost on waste management and landfill dumping. Using local food waste and industrial wastes from restaurants and food factories as feedstock to produce biodiesel is positive. This will also minimise the heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels to diversify energy sources. Refuelling of biodiesel fuel can be performed in any gas stations with the use of the existing infrastructure without any further requirement of new investment. Nonetheless, in order to facilitate the use of biodiesel, incentives programmes initiated by Hong Kong Government and the biofuel producers have to coherently promote this alternative fuel. The conclusion states that Hong Kong is completely feasible to adopt the use of biodiesel in medium to heavy sized vehicles and vessels in the commercial sector. The environmental benefit of Hong Kong using biodiesel stood out compared to other form of renewable energy.
published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

31

Breuss, Fritz, i Markus Eller. "Efficiency and federalism in the European Union. The optimal assignment of policy tasks to different levels of government". Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2003. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1752/1/document.pdf.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical research on the efficient assignment of policy tasks to different levels of government and applies the results on the delimitation of competences within the European Union. The main results are: (i) A precise derivation of an optimal degree of decentralisation is not possible because of mixed theoretical suggestions. The adequate degree of decentralisation has to be detected case-by-case. (ii) Systematic evidence on direct relationships between economic performance and fiscal decentralisation is ambiguous and scarce. (iii) Comparing the de facto delimitation of EU-competences with the normative recommendations, remarkable discrepancies arise in the fields of agriculture and defence. (iv) The establishment of a flexible assignment-scheme by the European Convention is an undeniable necessity in order to guarantee reversibility and to cope efficiently with changing general conditions. (author's abstract)
Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

32

Narbón, Perpiñá Isabel. "Evaluating cost efficiency in local governments' provision of public goods and services: applications to the Spanish case". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404453.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The present thesis project considers the multidimensional evaluation of different aspects related to the cost efficiency of local governments in Spain, using non-parametric frontier analysis methods. In doing so, the economic crisis scenario that seriously affected Spanish local government revenues and finances in general is taken into account. The thesis contributes to the development of robust tools to evaluate and promote the improvement of the efficiency of local governments. The empirical results provide evidence for a better definition of public policies through the evaluation and identification of the benchmark local governments in order to set potential improvements and, therefore, minimize (cost) inefficiencies which might help to reduce public expenditures.
El presente proyecto de tesis plantea la evaluación multidimensional de distintos aspectos relacionados con la eficiencia en costes de los gobiernos locales en España, utilizando métodos de análisis frontera no paramétricos. Al hacer esto se tiene en cuenta el escenario de crisis económica vivido en España durante los últimos años y que ha tenido un gran impacto en los ingresos y finanzas locales en general. La tesis contribuye al desarrollo de herramientas robustas para evaluar y promover la mejora de la eficiencia de los gobiernos locales. Los resultados empíricos aportan evidencia para una mejor definición de políticas públicas mediante la evaluación e identificación de los gobiernos locales más eficientes como punto de referencia para establecer mejoras potenciales y, por lo tanto, poder eliminar ineficiencias (en costes) que ayuden a reducir el gasto público.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

33

Gqwaka, Aviwe Phelele Sebatian. "Efficiency analysis of electricity distribution by South African Municipalities: a cost frontier approach". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10299.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Efficiency analysis in the public sector assesses the performance of municipal and government entities in their provision of services to the public. South Africa, in particular, has experienced a large degree of negative feedback with respect to the ability of the government and its municipal departments to provide basic services to citizens. This has led to a number of service delivery protests throughout the country. To remedy this, the ability of the municipality to provide basic services needs to be assessed in order for improvements to be made. A first step in this process would be to determine the efficiency with which municipalities are providing these services. This study focuses on a particular municipal service, namely electricity distribution. Primarily, the efficiency with which municipalities provide electricity to consumers is determined. This is achieved using the parametric cost frontier approach, which is appropriate since municipalities aim to reduce the costs incurred in distributing electricity. The municipalities are compared to a frontier (theoretical best practice) from which inferences on their performances can be made. Those municipalities whose performances are not optimal, deviate from the frontier. The deviations (errors) are then assumed to be caused by two factors, namely stochastic random noise and inefficiency. This composition accounts for effects for which municipalities cannot control (stochastic random noise) and those for which it can (inefficiency). The parametric nature of the cost frontier approach allows for distributional assumptions to be made on these factors. Stochastic random noise is always assumed to be normally distributed, while inefficiency is assumed to be one-sided and positively skewed.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

34

Allan, Geoffrey, i n/a. "A Different Agenda: The Changing Meaning of Public Service Efficiency and Responsiveness in Australia's Public Services". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060914.104311.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis examines the changing nature of efficiency and tesponsiveness of Australian public services over the past century It will examine how over the past 100 years efficiency has been improved and assessed. It will also examine how, since the 1970s, efficiency has become synonymous with responsiveness. The main argument of this thesis is that the nature of efficiency and responsiveness has changed over the past century.. Reforms introduced fiom the 1970s where the rationale at the time was improved efficiency, were essentially designed to make the public service more accountable and thereby responsive to the political executive. The study will examine: 1. the measures governments employed to improve efficiency and assess their effectiveness; 2. how responsiveness became the corollary of efficiency; 3. the resultant changes assessment of government perfbrmance; and 4. the effect these changes had on the Westminster system in Australia. The thesis is in three parts. Part one deals with the nature of public service efficiency and responsiveness. It examines the literature surrounding the nature of the terms and provides a definition of each. Part two details and analyses how public service efficiency was measured and improved from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the 1970s. It will detail the rise and decline in public service boards and commissions and how they were used to initially limit patronage and then to act as monitoring agencies to ensure that public service input costs were as small as they could be 1i will also detail how other factors, such as the training and education of staff and computerisation had an increasing role in improving efficiency. The third part deals with the changes that have occurred since the 1970s. This will examine how responsiveness emerged as an issue and how it became an essential companion to efficiency when promoting bureaucratic change.. It will examine how the nomenclature of efficiency has been applied when the political executive seeks to ensure greater responsiveness from the public service. This third part will examine the main apparatus that were employed by the political executive to improve efficiency and responsiveness: progr am budgeting, corporate planthng, efficiency audits and contracts with senior staff. Finally, I will demonstrate the inability or unwillingness of many ministers and governments to detail policy objectives and their reluctance to evaluate the effectiveness of spending. This was accompanied by a greater reliance on senior employment contracts as the main lever to improve efficiency and responsiveness of the service.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

35

Allan, Geoffrey. "A Different Agenda: The Changing Meaning of Public Service Efficiency and Responsiveness in Australia's Public Services". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367174.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis examines the changing nature of efficiency and tesponsiveness of Australian public services over the past century It will examine how over the past 100 years efficiency has been improved and assessed. It will also examine how, since the 1970s, efficiency has become synonymous with responsiveness. The main argument of this thesis is that the nature of efficiency and responsiveness has changed over the past century.. Reforms introduced fiom the 1970s where the rationale at the time was improved efficiency, were essentially designed to make the public service more accountable and thereby responsive to the political executive. The study will examine: 1. the measures governments employed to improve efficiency and assess their effectiveness; 2. how responsiveness became the corollary of efficiency; 3. the resultant changes assessment of government perfbrmance; and 4. the effect these changes had on the Westminster system in Australia. The thesis is in three parts. Part one deals with the nature of public service efficiency and responsiveness. It examines the literature surrounding the nature of the terms and provides a definition of each. Part two details and analyses how public service efficiency was measured and improved from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the 1970s. It will detail the rise and decline in public service boards and commissions and how they were used to initially limit patronage and then to act as monitoring agencies to ensure that public service input costs were as small as they could be 1i will also detail how other factors, such as the training and education of staff and computerisation had an increasing role in improving efficiency. The third part deals with the changes that have occurred since the 1970s. This will examine how responsiveness emerged as an issue and how it became an essential companion to efficiency when promoting bureaucratic change.. It will examine how the nomenclature of efficiency has been applied when the political executive seeks to ensure greater responsiveness from the public service. This third part will examine the main apparatus that were employed by the political executive to improve efficiency and responsiveness: progr am budgeting, corporate planthng, efficiency audits and contracts with senior staff. Finally, I will demonstrate the inability or unwillingness of many ministers and governments to detail policy objectives and their reluctance to evaluate the effectiveness of spending. This was accompanied by a greater reliance on senior employment contracts as the main lever to improve efficiency and responsiveness of the service.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Full Text

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

36

Azarafshar, Roshanak. "Three Essays on the Effects of Government Taxation and Incentive Policies on Consumers' New Vehicle Purchase Decisions". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38478.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Chapter 1. This chapter aims to find the effects of financial point of sales incentives on the sales of electric vehicles across the Canadian provinces from September 2012 to December 2016. The findings of my study indicate that purchase incentives cause the sales of new electric vehicles to increase by 8 percent on average due to a $1000 increase in incentives. I find that 47% of electric vehicle sales across the rebating provinces (Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia) are attributed to the purchase incentives. Results of my counter-factual simulations imply that the cost of eliminating one tonne of carbon emissions across the provinces that offer incentives over the years of my study is, on average, $216/tonne CO2. Chapter 2. In light of the rapid increase in Canadian gasoline prices from 2000 to 2010, this chapter focuses on the relationship between gasoline price and demand for vehicle fuel efficiency across the Canadian forward sortation areas (FSA) over this period. I find that consumers respond to variations in gasoline price when deciding the fuel efficiency of their new vehicle; increases in gasoline price result in shifts in demand for more fuel-efficient vehicles and therefore improve the average fuel efficiency of the new vehicle fleet. I find that the elasticity of fuel economy with respect to gasoline price for new vehicles sold across the Canadian forward sortation areas (FSA) from 2000 to 2010 is -0.06 to -0.16. Results of further analyses imply that consumer are more responsive to rising and constant gasoline prices than falling prices and that urban residents are slightly more responsive to variations in gasoline price compared to residents of suburb regions. Chapter 3. This chapter investigates the effect of the carbon tax policy implemented by the Canadian Province of British Columbia on households’ new vehicle purchase decisions. I dis-aggregate the effects of gasoline price into two effects: the carbon tax and carbon tax-exclusive gasoline price. These effects are both measured along the extensive margin of replacing a fuel inefficient vehicle with a fuel-efficient vehicle. The results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between both effects and fuel efficiency substitutions. However, vehicle fuel economy is more sensitive to changes in the carbon tax than to equivalent changes in the carbon tax-exclusive gasoline price. I find that the elasticity of fleet fuel economy with respect to the carbon tax ranges from -0.22 to -0.26 whereas this elasticity changes between -0.1 and -0.15 with respect to gasoline price (net of the carbon tax). I obtain consistent results when estimating the effect of both factors on fleet fuel economy conditional on fleet composition, indicating that almost all vehicle segments respond more strongly to changes in the carbon tax component of gasoline price than other components. Results also imply that, among all segments, the fuel consumption of compact sport utility vehicles (SUVs), minivans, and luxury high-end cars respond the most to the carbon tax.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

37

Yang, Xiao. "Enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of government and NGOs disaster response : case studies of Wenchuan Earthquake and Typhoon Morakot". Thesis, Coventry University, 2017. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/18da068b-890c-4600-aa31-3f37e036f0c7/1.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This research considers three main themes: disaster management and emergency planning; responses by governments and NGOs to disasters; and the humanitarian supply chain in the context of a disaster response. The aim of this study was to examine and explore how these three elements are brought together in order to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of a disaster response. In particular, in the face of an increasing number of disasters, a speedily driven disaster response has becoming increasingly relevant in today’s modern world. Emergency planning is an essential and fundamental framework for conducting a disaster response which is mainly carried out by governments and NGOs. Moreover, the humanitarian supply chain is crucial to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of a disaster response due to its function of managing and delivering relief goods and equipment to a disaster spot. In addition, through the use of two case studies, this research also examined the response by governments and NGOs to two significant natural disasters: the Wenchuan Earthquake and Typhoon Morakot. The methods adopted in this research were semi-structured face-to-face interviews and case studies. In order to accomplish the research aim, interviews were conducted with key personnel drawn from the emergency and disaster management industries in China and Taiwan. The study participants were chosen because of their expertise in this area. In addition, two cases were analysed in-depth in order to provide a rich understanding of the context of the disaster response for both governments and NGOs. This research found that both emergency planning and the humanitarian supply chain are crucial to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of a disaster response and will be so for many years to come. The key conclusion for this research is that enhancing a disaster response by including the humanitarian supply chain in an emergency plan is crucial, not only to enhance the disaster response stage but also to contribute to humanitarian relief. The findings from this research are not only applicable to China and Taiwan but can be transferable, and thus are highly relevant worldwide.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

38

Jensen, Paul H. Australian Graduate School of Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "The impact of incentives, uncertainty and transaction costs on the efficiency of public sector outsourcing contracts". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Australian Graduate School of Management, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20506.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Since the late 1970s, the world has experienced a wave of microeconomic reform that has resulted in the privatisation of many previously State-owned assets, as well as other reforms directed at improving the efficiency of government business enterprises. This dissertation focuses on one important instrument of reform: outsourcing of public-sector service provision. Despite the prevalence of outsourcing, there has been relatively little empirical work analysing the effects of outsourcing at the contract level. This dissertation addresses three important empirical issues related to outsourcing. First, analysis of the magnitude and sources of cost savings associated with outsourcing was undertaken using a present value costing framework. Unlike other studies, this study includes transaction costs and considers how costs change over the life of the contract. The results indicate that savings of 37 per cent were achieved in the first year of contract operation ?savings that were achieved through a combination of reductions in pay and conditions, labour-saving technological change and reductions in inefficiency. Secondly, the dissertation considered why the level of savings achieved fell to 24 per cent following contract variations at the end of year 1. Some evidence indicated that this may have been due to opportunistic behaviour or hold-up: that the contract service provider may have taken advantage of contractual incompleteness and increased its price during the course of contract renegotiations. Although hold-up is an important theme in the literature on contracts, little empirical work has been undertaken in verifying its existence. Thirdly, the impact of contract design on the efficiency of outsourcing arrangements was analysed. It is well known that contract theory predicts a trade-off between incentives and risk. Using the standard principal-agent framework, a simple model is developed to analyse the effects of demand uncertainty on the risk-incentive trade-off. This model is then tested using data from maintenance services contracts at two corporatised water retailers in Melbourne: an environment that is characterised by high levels of both cost and demand uncertainty. Using a general linear regression model, the results obtained indicate that the moral hazard effect dominated the risk premium effect.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

39

Chauke, Khensani Richard. "Municipal revenue collection function: A comparative study on the efficiency and effectiveness of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and the South African Revenue Service". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1528.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Thesis (Ph. D. (Public Administration)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016
Municipalities have the responsibility to deliver services to the communities in a fast and efficient manner, and to deliver these services there is a need for financial resources and institutional capacity. The challenge that beset the municipalities is that they struggle to collect revenue. There is a gap between available financial resources and the municipal expenditure needs largely as a result of the revenue collection challenges facing the municipalities. The revenue collection challenge therefore, needs to be adequately addressed for the municipalities to be successful. Municipalities have the right to finance their affairs through charging fees for services; imposing surcharges on fees, rates, levies and duties. The municipal council have the responsibility to implement and adopt tariff policies. These tariff policies must espouse the principles that ensure the equitable treatment of municipal service users. Tariff policies must also ensure that the amount paid by individual users for services is proportionate to their usage. Municipalities should, in terms of law, differentiate between the different categories of ratepayers, users of services, debtors, taxes, services and service standard. This study was based on the combination of both qualitative and quantitative research design. It followed a case study approach of comparative investigation between the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality revenue collection and South African Revenue Service. The quantitative research was done through the administration of questionnaires to the ratepayers, corporate taxpayers and tax practitioners. This was complemented by the qualitative in-depth interview questionnaires administered to both South African Revenue Service and the Tshwane Metropolitan municipality to ensure that the data collected are both collaborated and diverse to enable the researcher to draw a balanced conclusion. In the light of the above, this study therefore investigated the strategies and legislative framework that is employed by the municipalities and contrasted with those that are used by the South African Revenue Service, with the aim of taking possible learnings that can be applied in the municipalities. The study concluded by proposing guidelines that can be used by municipalities in revenue collection.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

40

Pirogovskaya, Marina. "A new better future? : A qualitative study of the governmental system in the city of Arkhangelsk, Russia". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-86159.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Municipal government is responsible for public safety, maintenance of city streets and parks, wastewater treatment, trash removal, fire and rescue services, public transportation, and other essential services which mean that it plays a big role in the life of the city and its citizens. The efficiency of the work of the municipality largely depends on the work of its top management. Most common forms of the head of a municipality in Russia is a mayor or a city manager. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze municipal officials’ views on a proposed change from a system with a mayor to a city manager system in the city of Arkhangelsk, Russia. In order to understand this, I look at the history of the country and interviews, study the theoretical material as well as the media. The thesis is qualitative and aimed to find out what the new system of city manager mean in practice and see the benefits and downsides of the new system according to those who are involved in the local government. In the case study I interview civil servants and councilors. The theoretical framework is based on the theories of Weber, Simon, Du Gay, Christensen & Lægreid, Pierre & Rothstein and others. The result shows that both civil servants and councilors see the possibilities of more efficient work of the municipal government if one has the city manager system of governance. They see the city manager to be a professional manager who would be out of politics and not dependent on the opinion of certain group of people. At the same time, I can point out that the ideas of New Public Management help the public sector to be productive. NPM-ideas are often argued to enhance efficiency, but they are not fully compatible with the Russian context. Due to the history and realities in Russia, I have come to a conclusion that the city manager system has weak points such as the lack of professional managers and the power vertical built in Russia, whose representatives mostly belong to one political party.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

41

Clark, Charles A. "Determining the efficiency of the GNMA mortgage-backed securities market". Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12042009-020212/.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

42

Held, Annette. "Krishantering : En kvalitativ fallstudie i hur regeringen hanterar kriser och fenomenet covid-19". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96166.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

43

Terwilliger, Timothy A. "Petroleum cleanup in the United States : a historical review and comparison of state programs". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001802.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

44

Ho, Kwai-fung Martha, i 何桂鳳. "A study on the efficiency and effectiveness of using alternative fuel vehicles to improve air quality in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255498.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

45

梁明珠 i Ming-chu Fallon Leung. "Evaluation of home ownership assistance programs in Hong Kong: efficiency and equity". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895116.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

46

King, David Lorne. "Comprehensive Output Measurement: The 'Missing Link' in U.S. Federal Government Performance Reporting". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25224.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Performance and accrual-based financial management systems as envisaged in the 1990 Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Act, the 1993 Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), the 1996 Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA) and related legislation have been in place since prior to the turn of the millennium. Nevertheless, although performance has been measured and financial accountability improved in U.S. federal government agencies, there remains a gap in reporting on operational efficiency and effectiveness. This dissertation extends research into performance management to determine the extent to which performance measurement systems report on operational efficiency and effectiveness and thereby further facilitate performance management. It examines outputs as the unit-of-analysis within the input-output-outcome framework of performance measurement and reporting systems and their integration with accrual-based financial management systems in assessing government operations. It challenges the predominantly outcomes-focused reporting system as insufficient to the objective of improved operational efficiency and effectiveness. The research methodology employs qualitative analysis of selected agency performance reports, interviews of selected agency senior managers and oversight officials, analysis of previous research on performance reporting, and analysis of GAO survey data. The research examines an increased focus on output reporting as a means to improve operational efficiency and the linkage of outputs to outcomes as an effectiveness measure. The research leads to the conclusion that very little output efficiency or effectiveness measurement and reporting is occurring. The failure to measure performance in this manner is to the considerable detriment of operational efficiency, effectiveness and cost reduction in the federal government.
Ph. D.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

47

Wu, Le, i 吳. 仂. "Efficiency of Local Government Expenditures in Taiwan". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48y8d3.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
101
The study mainly focuses on discussing the efficiency of local government expenditure, and the improvement in Expenditure for every county and city. At last, it will discuss about the factors with influence on the efficiency of local government’s expenditure. 18 counties in Taiwan in the period of 2002 to 2011 were investigated. The empirical model includes one input variable that is total expenditures, and output variable selects one criteria from the number of students in primary and junior high school, the length of the, the population of elders and disabled people, the population working in the government, the number of the criminal cases solved, and the number of waste conveying. In this paper, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed, and two models are applied to assess their efficiency, namely the CCR model initiated by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes in 1978, and the BCC model proposed by Banker, Charnes and Cooper. In the CCR model¸ the most efficient three Counties are Chunghwa, Yuanlin, and Taoyuan. The lowest efficient three Counties are Hsinchu City, Hsinchu, and Miaoli. In the BCC model, Tainan City, Chunghwa County, Yuanlin County, Penghu County and Jiayi City are the most efficient counties. Keelung City and Miaoli City are bad in efficiency. Then, by the slack variable analysis finds out the expenditure can be saved in the last ten years. In the CCR model, 101.162 billion N.T. dollars can be saved. All counties and cities can save 499.492 billion N.T. dollars. In the BCC model, Miaoli County can save the most expenditure 41.701 billion dollars, and all counties and cities can save 237.913 billion dollars. Finally, in the Tobit regression model, factors can have positive influence on expenditure are the “lower the density of the population”, “higher proportion of the plain area”, “higher rate of services industry”, “the higher quality of the public servants”, and “ lower dependence on the loan and subsidy”. The Higher Education proportion above 15 has negative relevance to the efficiency of expenditure, but it is only significant in the CCR model. Every person’s disposable Income has negative relevance to the efficiency of expenditure; however, it is not significant in the three models.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

48

Laio, Chian-Yu, i 廖乾羽. "Energy Efficiency Analysis of Government Office in Taiwan Using a Catching Efficiency". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4vma74.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班
98
The main purpose of this study is discussing the electric efficiency in the Household Registration Office from 2008 to 2009. Trough the application of Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), we can know buildings have potential energy-saving space and improve the way of energy efficiency. And we hope that through energy performance rating, we can give the building which has less energy efficiency the advice for improvement. In addition, compare the energy efficiency of the single year by Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). Use Catching effiency analysis of Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI) to analyze the energy performance of cross-phase in every government agency and find out if the Technical Efficiency of two phases in the assessed government agency is improved or not. If it is, it shows that the assessed government agency is much near the Efficiency Forntier than the previous phase. If not, it will be opposite result. At last use Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI) to understand the productivity change of cross-phase in the assessed government agency. In this study, apply Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)and Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI) on he Household Registration Office from 2008 to 2009 and use DEAP2.1 software to compute. The energy consumption is for input, floor area, number of employees, local population is for output. We hope that we can rate the energy performance and productivity change through this analysis and give the assessed government agency the direction and suggestions for improvement.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

49

"China's government bond market: its development and efficiency". 1999. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889469.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

by Kwan Chi Tak.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-45).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.viii
CHAPTER
Chapter I. --- OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY --- p.1
Objectives --- p.1
Methodology --- p.1
Data Source --- p.1
Analysis on the Efficiency of Secondary Bond Market --- p.1
Data Collected --- p.2
Period of Investigation --- p.2
Bonds Selected --- p.3
Interviews --- p.3
Chapter II. --- DEVELOPMENT OF BOND MARKET IN CHINA --- p.4
Amount of Issue --- p.4
Types of Bonds Available in China --- p.5
Government Bonds --- p.6
Policy Financial Bonds --- p.7
Enterprise Bonds --- p.7
Conclusion --- p.7
Chapter III. --- DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT BOND MARKET --- p.9
Background --- p.9
Issuance Methods --- p.9
Types --- p.11
Cost of Issuance and Redemption --- p.12
The Establishment of Secondary Market --- p.13
Conclusion --- p.14
Chapter IV. --- GOVERNMENT DEFICIT FINANCING --- p.16
The Economy of China --- p.17
Government revenues and Expenditures --- p.17
Deficits --- p.19
Government Bond Issuance --- p.21
repayment Ability --- p.22
Conclusion --- p.23
Chapter V. --- BENCHMARK RATES --- p.23
Primary Market --- p.23
Interest Rates --- p.23
Government Bond Coupons --- p.24
Anomaly --- p.24
Pricing of other securities --- p.25
secondary market --- p.25
Efficiency of Secondary Bond Market --- p.27
Conclusion --- p.29
Chapter VI. --- OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS --- p.30
Background --- p.30
Open Market Operations --- p.30
The Effectiveness --- p.31
Conclusion --- p.33
Chapter VII. --- OTHER FACTORS --- p.34
Education --- p.34
Institutional Investors --- p.34
Transaction Costs --- p.35
Distribution --- p.35
Transaction Fees --- p.35
Conclusion --- p.36
Chapter VIII. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.37
Conclusions --- p.37
Positive Factors --- p.37
Negative Factors --- p.38
Recommendations --- p.39
Chapter IX. --- APPENDIX I --- p.41
Chapter X. --- APPENDIX --- p.43
Chapter XI. --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.44

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

50

Wang, Huei-Mei, i 王慧梅. "The Efficiency of Local Government Expenditures in Taiwan". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11685776543282607428.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

碩士
逢甲大學
財稅所
96
This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to do empirical analysis. The data period is 1999-2005. The empirical model includes one input variable that is total expenditures of 21 local governments in Taiwan and four output variables that are total population, number of people over 65 years old, number of subsistence beneficiaries, number of students in primary school of 21 local governments in Taiwan. Using the CCR ( Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes model ) and BCC ( Banker, Charnes and Cooper model ) of DEA measure the overall efficiency, pure technological efficiency and scale efficiency of local government expenditures in Taiwan. The empirical results show that the overall efficiency performance of local governments in south Taiwan is the best. The north local governments such as Taipei County and Taoyuan County, the local governments such Changhua County and Yunlin County, and south local governments such as Pingtung County are highly overall efficiency. For the pure technological efficiency, the performances of local governments in south and east Taiwan are good. Chiayi City is the best of the pure technological efficiency performance. Finally, the result of scale efficiency indicates Changhua County and Pingtung County are constant return to scales but Taipei County is decreasing return to scales.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Efficiency in government”

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych