Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Effective trainer qualities”

Dauni Spa, the company where I did my internship, provides spa treatment, sauna, and salon service. During my internship at Dauni Spa, I found there are various practices of massage techniques performed by the therapists that lead to inconsistency in the service qualities. This problem certainly resulted in unsatisfactory treatment because the customers would not be satisfied to receive inconsistent service quality. Aside from this problem, many newly-recruited therapists did not know the standard procedures of massage in Dauni Spa while they needed to start working very soon. Therefore, I intend to make a standard operating procedure (SOP) video as a solution to the problems. For the newly recruited therapists, the SOP video can give effective and efficient instructions of the standard procedures in Dauni Spa. For the old therapists, this video works as a standard service quality that should be put into practice by all therapists. The basic content of this video is the procedures of the massage and a little background information about Dauni Spa. From this video, there are some benefits that Dauni Spa can get. It can complete the written SOP that they have, cut down the cost of a trainer, and bring a good impact to the customers’ satisfaction.

Context: Clinical education is the interaction between a clinical preceptor and student within the clinical setting to help the student progress as a clinician. Post-professional athletic training clinical education is especially important to improve these students' clinical knowledge and skills. However, little research has been conducted to assess the pedagogical principles for clinical education at this level or what factors are necessary to enhance the clinical skills and decision-making abilities of post-professional students. Therefore, exploring the perspectives of clinical preceptors involved in post-professional education will help educators understand what strategies are necessary to improve post-professional athletic training education programs (PPATEPs). Objective: To qualitatively investigate clinical preceptors' perspectives and experiences regarding clinical education within PPATEPs. Design: Consensual qualitative research (CQR) with an emergent design. Setting: Telephone interviews were conducted with all participants. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven collegiate post-professional clinical preceptors (7 males, 4 females; average age = 38±7.3 years; average years as an athletic trainer = 15±6.6 years) who were affiliated with a PPATEP were interviewed, representing 11 out of 16 PPATEPs. Data Collection and Analysis: Interview transcripts were coded for themes and categories. Triangulation included a consensus process by the research team and member checking to verify the data. Results: Data analysis yielded four themes relating to clinical education in PPATEPs: importance of clinical education, clinical preceptor responsibilities, clinical preceptor qualities, and barriers to clinical education. Participants indicated that clinical education was important for students to develop clinical skills and give them opportunities to make patient care decisions, and that several fundamental responsibilities and qualities contribute to being an effective clinical preceptor at the post-professional level. Conclusions: Post-professional clinical preceptors recognized that an appropriate balance between autonomy and guided practice in clinical experiences fostered an effective learning environment which allowed post-professional students to improve their clinical and decision-making skills beyond their entry-level skill set. Preceptors should also demonstrate attributes of a clinician, educator, and communicator to be an effective mentor.

Introduction and Purpose: UNESCO stated that literacy in the most general sense should include not only reading and writing, but also components of knowledge, thinking, communication, language, culture, and social practice (as cited in Lounsbery & McKenzie 2015). The main purpose of this study is to examine the perceived sports literacy of physical education teachers, trainers, and sports managers in terms of various variables. Furthermore, the validity and reliability level of the scale used in the study, developed by Sum et al., (2016) and adapted into Turkish by Ülker (2019), is examined in the subject group.Method: 103 physical education teachers, 55 trainers and 28 sports managers working in Manisa participated in the study. The “Perceived Sports Literacy Scale” (PSLS) and “Personal Information Form” were used to obtain the data. The data were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test, internal consistency for reliability, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for construct validity.Results: The gender and team supporter variables did not make a difference to PSLS scores. PSLS scores in all sub-dimensions were found to be higher and significant for those who did regular physical activity (RPA) compared to those who did not, while “confidence in psychomotor knowledge and ability” and “communication and lifelong sports consciousness” scores of trainers were found to be higher and significant compared to those of other occupational groups. As a result of the EFA and CFA analysis, it was seen that the scale was divided into 17 items and 3 sub-dimensions.Conclusion: It was concluded that doing RFA and being a trainer were effective in having higher PSLS scores than those of other participants, while the gender and team supporter variables were ineffective. The scale is a measurement tool that provides psychometric qualities to measure the sports literacy levels of sports sector employees.

Purpose: To design and test a persuasive health promotion campaign that aligns with the qualities of trying something new for the first time. Given that a majority of students have not previously sought/considered professional mental health assistance before, the hypothesis tested in this study asked whether a campaign that takes this into account is effective with this audience. Design: Participants viewed an online informational message (n = 84), information message plus first-time experience banner (n = 99), or 1 of 4 full campaigns, each depicting a student story and photo about a first-time experience (moving from home [n = 48], skydiving [n = 52], acting in a play [n = 48], and exercising with personal trainer [n = 48]). Measures: Visual poster items: appeal (visually pleasing, 7 items, α = .92), support (value of poster, 5 items, α = .86) and behavioral intention items: engagement (participant seek help/pay attention, 3 items, α = .86), relevance (content as relevant, 3 items, α = .84), and judgment (judgment of others for not seeking help, 2 items, α = .87). Participants: College students (N = 380). Results: In comparison to information-only messages, framing mental health help seeking as a first-time experience was linked with increased appeal, support, and engagement (Minformationonly = 2.79 [standard deviation, SD = 1.34], Minformationplusbanner = 3.25 [SD = 1.23], Mfullcampaign = 4.07 [SD = 1.28], P < .001, Minformationonly = 4.38 [SD = 1.47], Minformationplusbanner = 4.92 [SD = 1.21], Mfullcampaign = 4.57 [SD = 1.26], P = .014, and Minformationonly = 3.13 [SD = 1.76], Minformationplusbanner = 3.56 [SD = 1.48], Mfullcampaign = 4.02 [SD = 1.42], P < .001, respectively). As anticipated, the full campaign garnered the highest affect and engagement scores. When comparing the 4 first-time experiences, there were main effects on support and engagement (Mtrain = 5.06 [SD = 1.17], Mplane = 4.27 [SD = 1.28], Mhome = 4.59 [SD = 1.19], Mplay = 4.38 [SD = 1.29], P = .009 and Mtrain = 4.50 [SD = 1.27], Mplane = 3.75 [SD = 1.43], Mhome = 4.01 [SD = 1.49], Mplay = 3.84 [SD = 1.39], P = .042, respectively), with the novel experience of “working with a personal trainer” rated highest. Conclusion: Findings from this study have implications for the design of health promotion materials on college campuses. Specifically, campaigns that frame seeking help for mental health as a new experience potentially increase student engagement in this behavior. A key finding from the present study is that a campaign in which this behavior is linked to a familiar form of interpersonal help seeking (personal training) can create receptivity to the stigmatized issue of mental health help seeking.

Learning outcomes This case discussion will enable learners to: demonstrate how the adoption of entrepreneurial leadership could aid the overwhelmed youth to successfully bounce back. Summarize various events and challenges faced. Demonstrate mindful entrepreneurial qualities to be effective. Identify various coping strategies in balancing a commercial viable model with a compassionate approach. Establish a roadmap for a healthy sustainable business model. Case overview/synopsis Ms Rahaf Raef Kobeissi was a 33-year solopreneur, mental health coach and personal development trainer who resided in Dubai. She encountered dilemmas while attempting to offer commercial, as well as empathy and compassion-based services. She tried to strike a balance between her own broken past life challenges and managing her clients’ healing journey. Another challenge was to assess whether she should adopt inductive counseling or deductive counseling principles, especially during a Covid-19 scenario. She needed to ensure a healthy work/life balance to prevent herself from suffering from burnout. Her personal journey to becoming a solopreneur was filled with grief and hardship over the years, which she endured with little support. She had the arduous task of dealing with a series of shocking incidents and events, which pushed her down through the cracks, leading to her attempting to take her own life three times when overwhelmed by tragedy. At the age of 23, Rahaf lost her father to suicide – they found him hanging in his apartment. Her abusive mother had several breakdowns due to severe depression and her drug addict brother accidentally killed his friend in her apartment with an overdose injection. The challenge before her was to strike a reasonable balance between managing the highest levels of clinical depression with suicidal tendencies and finding the right path and purpose for her own life. This was the very reason she chose to battle depression through therapy and bounced back as a stronger and more resilient woman. Complexity academic level This case has been focused on undergraduate and postgraduate-early stage level students pursuing business or psychology programs. Particularly those specializing in entrepreneurial, organizational behavioral and positive psychology courses. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Introduction: Field epidemiology training programmes (FETPs) emphasize competency-based training and learning by doing. Supervision of FETP trainees is critical for programmes to achieve learning outcomes. We sought to address a knowledge gap regarding what constitutes effective FETP supervision. Methods: We investigated FETP supervision using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected through a survey of FETP directors. Qualitative data included written feedback from the survey and a focus group discussion (FGD) conducted with FETP supervisors at the 8th South-East Asia and Western Pacific Bi-regional TEPHINET Conference. FGD questions focused on effective supervisory qualities and activities and challenges to effective supervision. We calculated descriptive statistics for quantitative data and analysed qualitative data using a deductive content analysis approach. Results: Eleven FETP directors responded to the survey and 23 participated in the FGD. Overall, supervision was seen as very important for trainee outcomes. Participants identified the different roles of academic and field supervisors but emphasized the importance of an enabling and supporting attitude towards trainees. Soft skills and interpersonal abilities were among the most important qualities identified for effective supervision. Key challenges identified included a lack of consistency in supervisors’ technical knowledge and the difficulty of finding candidate supervisors with sufficient interest, availability and motivation for supervision. Discussion: Several practical recommendations arose from this study for supervision in FETPs, including recruiting and training supervisors with a more holistic range of skills. Our findings also provide key points for current FETP supervisors to consider to improve their own practice.

Abstract Individual physical, mental and functional qualities require a well-trained training system that can deliver the very complex tasks outlined in the training objectives. The individualization of the training process and the permanent monitoring of performance is an effective way to maximize the physical and mental potential of military.

Thе paper presents the inclusion of new innovative methods in medical education in Bulgaria. Recently, schools around the world have had to move to distance learning for their students. The use of modern technologies in the virtual classroom today is the most important part of the educational process. Effective modern devices, user-friendly platforms and appropriate educational pedagogical methods prove to be the key to excellent training. The inclusion of virtual teaching methods and serious educational games contributes to the conduct of high-level training and the formation of future medics of knowledge, skills and experience necessary for the formation of their professional qualities. The paper presents the results of a survey conducted among trainers and trainees at medical universities in Bulgaria. The analysis of the results shows the readiness of teachers and students to apply the methods of virtual learning and serious games in the educational process.

Context: Mentoring is a beneficial mechanism to support junior faculty members as they navigate job expectations, institutional nuances, and the professional landscape during the first few years as a faculty member. Whereas effective characteristics of informal mentoring relationships are generally understood, less is known about factors that contribute to formal mentoring relationships. Objective: Gain mentor and mentee perceptions of effective mentoring in a formal setting. Design: Qualitative phenomenology. Setting: Higher education institutions. Patients or Other Participants: Six mentees (4 women and 2 men with 3 ± 4 years in their current faculty position) and 4 mentors (2 women and 2 men with an average of 10 ± 3 years in their current faculty position) participating in the 2015 National Athletic Trainers' Association Foundation mentor-program cohort. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed one telephone interview before starting the mentor program and one interview upon program completion 11 months later. Participants also completed 3 structured online journals at 3-month increments throughout their participation in the program. Two researchers independently analyzed the interview and journal data using a phenomenological approach. To improve trustworthiness, we used peer review and pilot testing of the interview guides, member-checks, and multiple-analyst triangulation. Results: Participants described effective mentoring relationships as those that facilitated collaboration and demonstrated humanistic qualities. Participants who collaborated on scholarly activities during their mentoring experience perceived this to be a highly valuable aspect of the experience that increased the potential for a long-lasting relationship. Whereas the mentoring focused on professional development, humanistic attributes such as approachability and personal connections further enriched participants' mentoring experiences. Conclusions: Participants in formal mentoring experiences describe effective mentoring characteristics similarly to those who have participated in informal mentoring and should be encouraged to exhibit them. Additionally, coordinators of formal mentoring programs should provide participants with resources and guidance to facilitate their experiences.

Among other things education is understood as support of certain individual character traits, e.g. the qualities of a man with self-initiative. It doesn’t confine itself to any single action but this is a long process with which should already be started in the youngest years of the life. To obtain an effective support of the self-initiative at high schools trainees, the present general educational system needs either several organizational modifications or modifications of the teaching contents. These refer essentially:. -the teaching programs and their contents. - the principles and the form of the cooperation of the school with the local authority. --the permanent dilatation of the didactic-educational competences of the teachers in the context of further vocational educations. The specific training in a certain subject should be completed by interdisciplinary trainee projects. The further vocational education of the teachers should take into account the development of the ability to give structured lessons and to better combine the theoretical and practical contents with each other. Furthermore the teachers should be taught how to motivate the trainees for more ownly project drafts and their execution and how the representatives of local authorities should be included in the construction of additional contents of the teaching programs.

Teacher education continues to remain an area of exploration and further development in contemporary research. One significant question that dominates discussions that focus on teacher development is “what makes them effective for their students?” Research on context-specific teaching informs us that the metaphor “effective teacher” can be best described in light of the characteristics associated with the term in the context where this is being discussed and negotiated. Although the general list of qualities helps understand the dominant attributes of good teachers in the field, they do not always answer whether this makes a teacher successful in a specific context. To fill this gap, and to determine what teacher characteristics are valued the most in the Gulf context, the present study investigated faculty-student beliefs about the qualities of an effective English teacher using a mixed methods research design that utilized a bilingual survey to collect quantitative data from 66 teachers and 527 students, and individual interviews with 10 faculties and 14 students to further unpack the findings. This study reports that a teacher’s ability to employ an efficient teaching methodology and develop a compassionate relationship with their students, regardless of their gender, age, nationality and accent, are the most preferred qualities of an effective English teacher in the Gulf. These findings are helpful for educators, policymakers, teacher trainers, education leaders, and researchers in employing, developing, and designing teacher-training programs in specific contexts

AbstractIn this article, we evaluate how sensory qualities of wine, such as astringency, bitterness, aroma, and flavor, affect consumers' willingness to pay for wine. In order to accomplish this objective, we utilize data collected from untrained consumers, a trained panel, and laboratory measurements of tannin intensity. From this data, a consumer-preference model, a consumer-intensity model, a trained-panel model, and an instrumental-measurement model are estimated and compared. Overall, the consumer-preference model is the most accurate in predicting consumers' willingness to pay. As expected, the closer a wine is to a consumer's ideal, the more they are willing to pay. Astringency has a mostly positive effect, and bitterness has a negative effect. Comparing the accuracy of the other models, the instrumental-measurement model is the next best, followed by trained-panel model, and the consumer-intensity model. This suggests that the instrumental measurements can be used as an effective alternative to trained panels. This is important because trained panels may be less practical to use on an ongoing basis. (JEL Classification: Q13, M31)

The effects of a 80°C, 1 minute thermal treatment (H treatment) and of the same treatment combined with sucrose (SH treatment) on the chemical and sensory qualities of arazá purée were evaluated during 4 months of storage at -20°C. For the control, an untreated sample (C) was included. The chemical qualities evaluated were vitamin C content, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AoA), which were measured with the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while a trained panel was used for the sensory quality evaluation. After 4 months of frozen storage, SH was more effective than H at controlling the loss of chemical quality. SH provided a similar FRAP-AoA (89%) and vitamin C content (87%), as well as a higher TPC (145%), ABTS-AoA (272%), and DPPH-AoA (115%), when compared to C before frozen storage. The total sensory qualities in both the SH purée (15±1) and the H purée (16±1) after 4 months at -20°C were comparable to those of the C purée before the frozen storage (18±2). Therefore, using sucrose combined with a thermal treatment and subsequent frozen storage preserves the chemical and sensory qualities of arazá purée.

Eccentric resistance training has been shown to improve performance outcomes in a range of populations, making it a popular choice for practitioners. Evidence suggests that neuromuscular adaptations resulting from eccentric overload (EO) and accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) methods could benefit athletic populations competing in team sports. The purpose of this review was to determine the effects of eccentric resistance training on performance qualities in trained male team sport athletes. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science in May 2019. The literature search resulted in 1402 initial articles, with 14 included in the final analysis. Variables related to strength, speed, power and change of direction ability were extracted and effect sizes were calculated with a correction for small sample size. Trivial, moderate and large effect sizes were reported for strength (−0.17 to 1.67), speed (−0.08 to 1.06), power (0.27 to 1.63) and change of direction (0.48 to 1.46) outcomes. Eccentric resistance training appears to be an effective stimulus for developing neuromuscular qualities in trained male team sport athletes. However, the range of effect sizes, testing protocols and training interventions suggest that more research is needed to better implement this type of training in athletic populations.

Within the British Columbia Interior region, a one-person team, or services broker, approach has proven effective and economical in assisting visually impaired and blind clients to be educated, trained, and employed within their own communities, where most of them prefer to stay. It has been shown to be a viable option to the team of specialists approach; not by replacing it but rather by reworking its component parts into one job, which allows a career counselor to provide qualities services as needed, under the auspices of the Canadian National Institute for the Blind and the Canada Employment Outreach Programme.

Community-based medical education (CBME) offers vital support to healthcare professionals in aging societies, which need medical trainees who understand comprehensive care. In teaching comprehensive care practices, CBME can involve citizens from the relevant community. This research synthesizes the impact of the involvement of communities on the learning of medical trainees in CBME. We conducted a systematic review, in which we searched ten databases from April 1990 to August 2020 for original articles in Japan regarding CBME involving citizens and descriptively analyzed them. The Kirkpatrick model was used to categorize the outcomes. Our search for studies following the protocol returned 1240 results; 21 articles were included in this systematic review. Medical trainees reported satisfaction with the content, teaching processes, and teachers’ qualities. Medical trainees’ attitudes toward community and rural medicine improved; they were motivated to become family physicians and work in communities and remote areas. This review clarified that citizen involvement in CBME had an effective impact on medical trainees, positively affecting perceptions of this type of education, as well as improving trainees’ knowledge about and attitude toward community and rural medicine.

This paper examined benefits of mentoring to the teachers especially the new teachers in the school system. The concept of mentoring was discussed vis-a-vis other related terms. The qualities of a mentor teacher were elucidated. How to start a mentoring programme as well as the four phases of mentoring relationship were fully highlighted and discussed. The “new teachers” to be introduced to administrative skills as identified by the paper are: those not trained in the teaching profession, those trained but entering into full time teaching for the first time, those trained teachers but not experienced in teaching (1 – 4 years) and those already teaching but found teaching uninteresting. The skills on which the new teachers can be mentored includes: school records keeping, class(room) management, teaching effectiveness and efficiency, school community relations, school plant management and evaluation and assessment of students. Benefits of mentoring to old and new teachers were highlighted. Mentoring is one of the best reforms in the education system and a very cost effective programme which will make the teachers to be the best they could in the school system and in the teaching profession.

There are three incentives for developing this paper: In England there is a new (or rather a renewed) focus on the educational needs of school pupils of high ability We also have new standards and requirements in teacher education (‘initial teacher training’) Teacher training in England does not have a strong evidence base on which to plan development. Courses may benefit from strengthening such an evidence base. These factors have prompted this paper to examine some of the qualities and skills which, according to some key commentators, teachers need for effective teaching of able pupils within the ordinary classroom. It then compares these with the ‘competencies’ or standards which trainee teachers are required to achieve to become qualified teachers in England. It uses this comparison to propose some ways in which teacher training might be enhanced so that emerging teachers are better prepared to meet successfully the needs of able pupils in their mixed-ability classrooms.

The high education state need to determine the indicators to evaluating their trainers function that one of the basic problems in universities is lack of indicators of effective lecturers. One of the most important methods to determine these indicators is public poll students. This study is done due to determining the indicators of effective lecturers in student’s viewpoint of Payame Noor University in Kurdistan province at 20010-2011 academic years. This study is done in the measuring method and it is statistical society for all of Payame Noor University students in Kordestan province that 360 people among Sanandaj, Saghez and Ghorveh College are collected as sample using of cluster–sampling method. Data collecting tools was inquiries that were made by researcher. The various methods such as descriptive statistic were used to analyze the data. In student’s opinion the indicators of teaching methods, communication, knowledge-seeking, personal characteristic have allocated the most important indicators’ of effective lecturers to itself. Regarding to achieve results, it seems necessary that country’s directors notice to the planning of workshops for lecturers and available indicators at the time of evaluation of lecturers. Kay words: Effective lecturer's, Effective Teaching, Payame Noor University, Qualities lecturer, Effectiveness Method.

In article the problem of forming of scientific potential in the course of development of discipline “Russian and the standard of speech" in not philological higher education institution is considered. In addition to interpretation of a modern line item of such concepts as scientific competence, the scientific potential, innovative technologies, the author sets the task scientific and pedagogical judgment of methods and methods of the effective organization of scientific cognitive activity of students, and also forming at the trained intellectual qualities and acceptances of generation and reproduction of new knowledge. On the example of teaching linguistic discipline questions of emergence of changes in the cogitative functions of the student allowing to manage effectively an information and intellectual resource are discussed. A condition of the problem resolution is implementation of innovative forms of knowledge acquisition and development of scientific potential, development of scientific and humanitarian thinking of the students included in scientific information space. Use of the principle of problem training acts as such innovations.

This study aims at exploring the structure and operational mechanism of Shalish-a traditional rural dispute resolution system in Bangladesh. It seems that this dispute resolution system, being very informal and flexible in nature, has no organized structure and operational mechanism. However, this paper aims to critically investigate the situation. Based on observation of a number of Shalish events in a rural area of the country and extensive discussion with some Shalishkars and disputants, this qualitative study finds that the system is well structured and its operational mechanism is quite effective, albeit with some limitations. It is recommended that a local Alim (Islamic Scholar) should be included in all Shalish to ensure shari’ah related issues like some family and inheritance related disputes. Shalishkars need to be trained and upgraded in their experiences and qualities through workshops, seminars in respect of legal, moral and shari’a issues. IIUC Studies Vol.16, December 2019: 35-56

Purpose – This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing debate about the relevance of sustainability in management education through exploration of the needs and expectations of a key group of business schools’ stakeholders – senior executives of leading corporations. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents findings from a survey regarding sustainability within management education returned by executives from a wide span of global companies. The study includes 194 survey responses by senior executives from companies that are signatories of the United Nations Global Compact. Findings – Results from a survey of executives from leading multinational enterprises reveal widespread recognition that sustainability issues are increasingly important for effective management, thus that managers must be appropriately trained for these emerging challenges. Survey results also indicate the kinds of skills and qualities seen as valuable by corporate leaders. Research limitations/implications – It is not possible to extrapolate from this study the aggregate sentiment of all senior business executives, but the sample of 194 respondents is significant. Practical implications – The expressed demand from business leaders provides context for business school faculty and administrators involved in the development of appropriately trained professionals. Originality/value – The study provides indication of demand from a significant subset of influential executives, providing support for the on-going progress of the integration of sustainability topics and training in the curricula of business and other fields.

Background: Urinary incontinence is defined as the complaint of involuntary loss of urine. It is a common and embarrassing problem. Pelvic floor muscle training has been effective for the prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after childbirth. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness & outcome of physiotherapy in pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy & childbirth in urinary incontinence. Methodology: In this scoping review articles are searched from the search engines like PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, etc. These articles are reviewed according to the inclusion criteria which include articles from last 10 years, randomized control trials, systematic review, experimental study, etc. 7 articles were selected according to it. Later the qualities of these articles were analyzed using PEDRO Scale. Conclusion: In conclusion our study demonstrates that the pelvic floor muscle training might be effective in solving the problems of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and after childbirth. Pelvic floor muscle training can be advised by the physiotherapist or the pregnant women can be trained on how to perform the pelvic floor muscle exercises. Thus, pregnant women can take care of themselves and independently perform pelvic floor muscle exercises, thereby eliminating the problems of urinary incontinence. Key words: Pelvic Floor Muscle Training, Pregnancy, After Childbirth, Prevention, Treatment, Urinary Incontinence.

The scientific article is devoted to an urgent problem – education of independence of cadets and students by means of physical culture. The article reveals the methodology of upbringing the independence of cadet and student’s youth by means of physical culture, it presupposes a combination of effective content, forms and methods, the implementation of appropriate organizational and pedagogical conditions. The following forms were used: individual, team and group activities, independent work, sectional classes, etc. The most effective methods of educating the independence of cadet and student’s youth by means of physical culture are determined, which are: persuasion, competition, creation of a situation of success, encouragement, instructions. In addition, it was found that the effectiveness of the methodology depended on the teachers’ observance of such factors as: formed in cadets and students a desire to increase the level of knowledge about independence and physical culture as a means of self-development; created the prerequisites under which students showed volitional qualities and the ability to independently find solutions; formed students’ ability to perform motivated actions and at the same time achieved the successful implementation of their decisions; implemented a gender approach; optimized sports and game activities based on the use of modern educational technologies, etc. The technological component of the methods of educating the independence of cadet and students’ in the process of physical education classes also consisted of the developed organizational and pedagogical conditions: scientific and methodological support of teachers-trainers to educate the independence of cadet students in the process of physical culture; application of effective content, forms, types and methods of educational work for the purpose of formation in cadet-student youth of motivation to physical education; involvement of cadet and student’s youth in the organization and holding of competitions of different levels. Key words: methodology, education of independence, cadet and student’s youth, physical education.

Results related to analysis of some domestic printing manuals on English teaching for students of economic specialties in secondary vocation education system are provided in this paper. During the analysis contradictions between these manuals� contents, methods, forms and training resources and requirements to results of acquisition FSES SVE�s educational programs, scientific achievements in area of foreign languages teaching�s didactics and technique, and also to information society realities had been revealed. As one of possible ways for named results achievement a professionally focused course of English language distance teaching for students of SVE of economic profile is offered. Thanks to its thematic and professionally significant content which is selected, developed and structured in a combination with a special set of information and pedagogical technologies, active methods of teaching, such course will become effective, economically expedient and socially significant tool for development of social and professional qualities of SVE system trainees. In the second part of paper the author tries to comprehend results of diagnostic and predictive stages related to a pilot study, and proves methodical tasks� statement as well as pedagogical experiment�s practical stage choice.

The article analyzed the approaches to the concept of «meritocracy». The article determined that the meritocratic principle in the selection of management personnel is revealed in the early selection of talented individuals who have managerial abilities, charisma, high level of intelligence, communication abilities, and are honest, responsible, unbiased with their own personal core. The author noted that the principle of meritocracy in the formation of a management elite is manifested in equal access to the system of public administration of all professionally trained persons with a high level of moral qualities that have been appropriately selected and have experience in management activities. The article analyzed the experience of forming a managerial staff in Singapore. The success of the Singaporean model of public administration is based on meritocratic principles, a strict bureaucratic hierarchy and administrative impartiality, and is based on four major strategies: Singapore’s comprehensive civil service reform; strong and effective anti-corruption measures; decentralization of the Civil Service Commission; payment of competitive wages to attract and retain the best personnel. The author identified the main stages of selection of management personnel in accordance with Ukrainian legislation. In our opinion, the meritocratic principle should be central to the formation of the national managerial elite through the prevailing system of qualifying tests, examinations on the basis of objective, impartial and comprehensive evaluation.

ABSTRACT Background Many programs struggle to recruit, select, and match a diverse class of residents, and the most effective strategies for holistic review of applications to enhance diversity are not clear. Objective We determined if holistic pediatric residency application review guided by frameworks that assess for bias along structural, interpersonal, and individual levels would increase the number of matched residents from racial and ethnic groups that are underrepresented in medicine (UiM). Methods Between 2017 and 2020, University of California San Francisco Pediatrics Department identified structural, interpersonal, and individual biases in existing selection processes and developed mitigation strategies in each area. Interventions included creating a shared mental model of desirable qualities in residents, employing a new scoring rubric, intentional inclusion of UiM faculty and trainees in the selection process, and requiring anti-bias training for everyone involved with recruitment and selection. Results Since implementing these changes, the percentage of entering interns who self-identify as UIM increased from 11% in 2015 to 45% (OR 6.8, P = .008) in 2019 and to 35% (OR 4.6, P = .035) in 2020. Conclusions Using an equity framework to guide implementation of a pediatric residency program's holistic review of applications increased the numbers of matched UiM residents over a 3-year period.

Introduction. Nowadays osteopathy is an offi cial medical specialty. Many years of experience accumulated by osteopathic physicians in our country have proven its effectiveness. The analysis of research papers of those countries where osteopathy is widely used allows to draw the following conclusion: osteopathy is one of the least dangerous therapeutic methods provided that patients deal with well-trained and certifi ed specialists who work in the frame of possibilities of osteopathy. Due to the intensive development of this specialty in Russia it is necessary to provide scientifi c justifi cation to organizational and methodological approaches aimed at ensuring effective and high-quality osteopathic care to the population.Goal of research - to develop proposals in order to improve the quality and effectiveness of osteopathic care provision for the population, taking into account the current situation in health care.Materials and methods. Authors used the following research methods: historical and medico-organizational analysis, literary data analysis, content analysis as well as methods of descriptive statistics.Results. The research presents characteristics of clinics declaring osteopathic care provision, as well as qualities of osteopathic physicians. It also describes patients seeking osteopathic care, and sources of information they use.Conclusion. Authors propose a number of measures aimed at improving the availability and effectiveness of osteopathic care for patients such as training of doctors, creating of regulatory documents, developing quality criteria for osteopathic care provision and popularization of osteopathy among patients.

The objective is to describe global governments’ responsibilities in making and supporting educational policies for improvements in the public creation and utilization of science. The necessity of the world human populations to be more similarly educated increases. Such a necessity stems from a global demand for timely expansion and effective utilization of new life technologies. Governments play key roles in maintaining publics adequately cognizant of the demand. In addition, governments are increasingly responsible for making new policies that will allow public education sectors to practice refined education programs. Such a global education, most fundamentally, starts from elementary schools and evolves through guidance and high schools, colleges, universities and industrial centers. Governments can foster new education policies in three distinct groups including governors, educators, and learners. The governors include ministers and all related officials and administrative professionals. The educators include science and technology mentors and trainers in schools, colleges, universities, industries, and private and semi-private institutes. The learners, by definition, are those enrolled in academic and non-academic institutions to obtain expertise and excellence in various fields of science and technology. These categories will have their own specified educators who revisit concepts and update members with most recent concepts and practices while reviewing major earlier principles. In the post-modern time, mentors and trainers themselves require frequent timely education to remain most up-to-date and functional. Constant education of educators faces more practical challenges than education of learners. Special courses and sessions are to be developed for governors, educators, mentors, advisors and teachers. It is only with such an interrelated structure that governors and policy makers will most profoundly realize the importance and necessity of adequate public education considerations. Such policies are to be supervised and supported by global sources to ensure practices in different world regions. The more extensive implementation of the policies will lead to more efficient and earlier accomplishment of preset goals. Effectual education of governments on ‘science education policies’ will be a turning point in enabling continual improvements in global science and life qualities.

PurposeIt is becoming more generally accepted that there is a need to develop a new kind of leader to meet the needs of our 21st century VUCA world. The bookcases are full of volumes that describe “what” great leaders should do, but “how” to develop such leaders is usually limited to a macro or systemic solution rather than focusing on granular behavioural change of the individual. This paper describes the qualities and characteristics of Transpersonal Leaders, then focuses on developing these leaders through a new coaching process and finally explains how experienced coaches can be trained to coach these leaders.Design/methodology/approachOur research over the last 20 years of working with leaders individually and in teams has focused on this issue. We have been developing “21st century ready” leaders, referred to as Transpersonal Leaders, for over 10 years in teams, but only recently have we been developing such leaders through a new coaching process. We have also developed a methodology that codifies the development of Transpersonal Leaders which, in turn, allows us to replicate the programme by training other professionals, potentially in large numbers.FindingsGraduates of the Transpersonal Coach Training Programme say that it has been a transformational personal experience, enabling them to take their leader clients to a new level. Leaders who have been coached say the programme has equipped them to learn a practical approach to becoming an authentic, ethical, caring and more effective leader.Originality/valueThis is a unique approach to coaching leaders but based on proven learning principles.

The specific objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and the challenges of the training programs imparted by BCSAA, a leading training institution for the BCS administration cadre officials in Bangladesh. The study is qualitative is nature that used data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was obtained by interviewing a total of 75 participants from 113th, 114th and 115th Law and Administration Course (LAC) using semi-structured questionnaire and phone in interview. While secondary data was obtained adopting content analysis technique through reviewing books, journal articles, e-resources, unpublished monographs and newspapers. Analyzing the data from both the sources, the study has found that the training program of LAC has been effective to a certain extent as it has helped its participants to achieve some core qualities relevant to their job performance. The findings of the study also suggest that due to the intervention of this training, trainees have improved their knowhow about land management, conducting mobile courts, magisterial duties, e-filing, e-mutation etc. Furthermore, the training has resulted in significant improvement of their communication skills particularly in English, presentation skills, public speaking and in few other areas of their professional needs. However, the respondents raised few concerns about certain aspects of the training which include absence of proper need assessment for training, heavy reliance on guest speakers, huge syllabus compared to the course duration, absence of e-library facilities in the academy, sessions being mostly lecture based, absence of refreshers training etc. Nonetheless, this study has come up with certain pragmatic recommendations drawing on the narratives from the respondents. BCSAA need to address these issues with utmost priority for making this training further effective.

The circumstance of every nation is determined by the quality and vision of her leaders. Since after independent, Nigeria has been so unfortunate not to have gotten competent, effective and purposeful leaders capable of turning her highly great natural potentials into real economic and political powers. Both leaders and the lead fail to identify the essential values that sustain various societies constituting the nation and infuse such values into the nation’s social system. This incompetence has led to leadership crisis and has now clogged on its wheel of striving for development. It is this bad leadership and perhaps the poor handling of many ethnic groups in the country that have triggered the conflict and anxiety that have trailed quest for national integration since after independence. This paper therefore, using the periscope John 10:11-15 which deals with the parable of the Good Shepherd, examines the leadership qualities of Jesus Christ and recommends it to Nigerian leaders. It further examines the text to ascertain its theological implications. The study traces two kinds of leadership operated in Nigeria (military and civilian) since after independence. While emphasizing the need for moral education and constant value re-orientation as the means to surmount the Nigeria’s leadership challenges, the study recommends among others, the urgent need for paradigm shift in our social system in order to restore value based Nigerian society that would directly translate to value based leadership. Keywords: Leadership, Crisis, Education, Value

A study supported by the Pew Charitable Trusts investigated whether the nutrition situation in Central America and Mexico would be improved by professional training in applied, operationally oriented nutrition. The results reported here are based on interviews conducted with nutrition professionals in the United States and abroad and a survey of graduates of US graduate programmes. The respondents agreed that appropriate training of nutrition professionals could improve the nutrition situation of the region, recognizing that social and economic factors are critical determinants of nutrition. This field was seen as a social science discipline. The name “public nutrition” is proposed for the field. Critical elements of training include reaching a critical mass of persons at multiple levels; obtaining institutional commitment to allow newly trained professionals the resources and responsibility to apply what they have learned in their jobs; building in follow-up through networking, information exchange, and reunions of participants and faculty; and combining the skills and knowledge of public nutrition with a strong disciplinary base in a recognized field. The substance of the training programme would consist of applied research skills; communication and advocacy skills; programme management and administration; nutrition science; nutrition programmes and policies; social science concepts of economic and political economy; and fieldwork, internships, or practical. The usefulness of each of these fields is assessed by employed graduates of US programmes. Effective professionals also need personal qualities of leadership, dedication, motivation, and an entrepreneurial spirit. Immediate returns to short-term training of front-line programme managers should not result in ignoring the long-term benefit of higher-level professional education of senior administrators, policy makers, and researchers needed to advance the field of nutrition.

AimsThe aim of this medical education case report was to outline the development and outcomes of a reverse-mentorship project that enabled cross-generational collaborative learning. The project took the shape of a philosophy of psychiatry journal club facilitated by a psychiatry core trainee in west London, UK.BackgroundReverse-mentorship reverses traditional roles of mentor and mentee. It is an increasingly fashionable concept in medical education. The junior mentors the senior clinician. The implicit learning outcomes include provision of a two-way learning process, development of mentoring skills for the more junior clinician and collaboration that builds social capital within the workplace. Reverse-mentorship is effective when the junior mentor is recognised for their expertise in a particular area. In this instance, the junior mentor has a special interest in the philosophy of psychiatry.MethodJunior mentor and senior mentees formed a monthly journal club. The club tracked arguments from anti- and biological psychiatry on the meaning of mental illness. The debate offered insight into a semantic analysis of mental illness and a deeper conceptual understanding of medicine. The learning material derived from the core concepts of philosophy and mental health (Fulford et al.). The role of the mentor was to facilitate group discussion around arguments from relevant papers. A survey, adapted from a recent reverse-mentorship review article, measured the quality of educational experience for mentor and mentees.ResultOverall, mentees (senior clinicians) agreed that the mentor (junior clinician) displayed attributes and behaviours for effective mentoring across most domains, including enthusiasm, effective communication, respect for mentee expertise and active listening to the needs of the mentee. The mentor was particularly impressed with the mentees’ openness to learn new concepts and respect shown. General reflections on the experience of reverse-mentorship were positive overall. A thematic review highlighted particular aspects, including: a good way to learn a new skill and great opportunity to develop professional skills of mentoring.ConclusionThe importance of mentoring in medical education is well established. Reverse-mentorship is a new concept that looks to harness the unique qualities of millennials, including their aptitudes for empowerment, innovation and collaboration. This medical education case report shows that an enthusiastic junior clinician can successfully pilot an educational-mentoring scheme aimed at senior clinicians. To make more explicit the intuitive benefits of reverse-mentorship, longitudinal reviews are needed. However, this case report contributes important insights into this burgeoning field of medical education.

Communication between doctors of different specialties and teamwork in providing emergency care to patients is one of the priority areas of the medical education. The article describes the technology of step-by-step leadership training to consolidate responsibility for team members, endurance, to develop the ability to run a team. Conducting such classes increases motivation to learn and provides a personalized approach to interns and trainees. The role of the leader is key one in practical work, as very often there is a need to organize and coordinate many professionals in proving emergency medical care. Leadership is a process of direct personal influence on society that encourages and guides team members to action. Leadership is a centralized form of management and control of tasks, in which one person influences others. Leadership training is a complex process. It stimulates the creation of an effective organization that can solve high quality tasks. The ultimate goal of this process is to foster the personality of a leader who will be able to take over the management of the team in an extreme situation. During the training, the candidate leader not only acquires sound medical knowledge, but also learns the practices of group management, communication, analysis and synthesis. He works on himself, acquiring new personal qualities. Currently, there is an increased need for health professionals who are ready to work effectively in complex clinical situations. There is still a need to develop innovative methods of training health professionals, according to the ever-increasing amount of knowledge in the field of emergency medicine.

Debriefing is essential for effective learning during simulation-based medical education. To assess the quality of debriefings, reliable and validated tools are necessary. One widely used validated tool is the Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD), which was originally developed in English. The aim of this study was to translate the OSAD into German, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of this German version (G-OSAD) according the ‘Standards of Educational and Psychological Measurement’. In Phase 1, the validity evidence based on content was established by a multistage cross-cultural adaptation translation of the original English OSAD. Additionally, we collected expert input on the adequacy of the content of the G-OSAD to measure debriefing quality. In Phase 2, three trained raters assessed 57 video recorded debriefings to gather validity evidence based on internal structure. Interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and composite reliability were examined. Finally, we assessed the internal structure by applying confirmatory factorial analysis. The expert input supported the adequacy of the content of the G-OSAD to measure debriefing quality. Interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) was excellent for the average ratings (three raters: ICC = 0.848; two raters: ICC = 0.790), and good for the single rater (ICC = 0.650). Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.976), internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = 0.865), and composite reliability was excellent (ω = 0.93). Factor analyses supported the unidimensionality of the G-OSAD, which indicates that these G-OSAD ratings measure debriefing quality as intended. The G-OSAD shows good psychometric qualities to assess debriefing quality, which are comparable to the original OSAD. Thus, this G-OSAD is a tool that has the potential to optimise the quality of debriefings in German-speaking countries.

Digital and cloud-oriented technologies gained extremely powerful traction, Big Data and Web technologies are widely used, artificial intelligence is becoming popular as well as the Internet of things, smartphones and other devices have become an integral part of living in civilized society. Prompt digitalization predetermined the situation when learning is conducted spontaneously and informally. In today's realities educational process has to transform quickly and support gaining digital competence by all the participants. It is essential to follow the rules of secure and effective interaction with digital content, form media culture and media information literacy. To overcome challenges that appear in digital era it is necessary to provide high quality preparation of future teachers, that is why our aim was to research and analyze peculiarities of educational process of higher educational institutions of countries which have got significant gains in the field of creation and dissemination of the most modern IT technologies. The article analyzes the educational process of preparation of future elementary school teachers in East Asian countries, namely: South Korea, Japan, China (describes the levels of preparation in the higher education institution (HEI), specifies the peculiarities of the educational program and lists the educational goals that a future elementary teacher should achieve). It provides information on a study initiated and conducted by theThe Republic of Korean Research Foundation and outlines basic ideas for SMART education in understanding South Korean counterparts. Found out how future primary school teachers inThe Republic of Korea are trained in six core subjects with a combination of digital literacy to be taught in junior high. The vector of Japan's higher education reform is presented, which aims at developing conceptually new approaches to the organization of the educational space with a combination of classical pedagogy and IT, as well as information on the certification features of future and current teachers. The article focuses on educational innovations (interaction between IT and education), outlined by President Xi Jinping. The list of qualities that a Chinese teacher should possess in the 21st century is given.

Poor hygiene performance and insufficient sanitary conditions assume real parts in the expanded weight of communicable diseases inside developing nations. Lack of resources such as hand washing materials, water and sanitation facilities may be essential factors why students do not wash their hands, also struggling of affordable toothpaste and absence of awareness regarding oral hygiene may be affected by improper cleaning teeth and tongue. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of personal and oral hygiene among undergraduate university students in Sulaimani city /Iraq and evaluated the degree to which appropriate information of hygiene was related with individual hygiene character. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1055 undergraduate students who were met via trained staff. Data comprised of cleanliness and hand washing practices, learning about sanitation, individual cleanliness qualities, nearness of gastrointestinal parasitic disease, oral and dental diseases including dental decay and bad breathes. University students with satisfactory information of legitimate personal and oral hygiene probably had clean clothes 68.8% (P value < 0.05), clean hair 72% (0.0001 P value), fingernail trimmed 139% (P value> 0.05), clean teeth 59.4% (P value <0.05), good mouth breath 57% (P value <0.05). Approximately 57.2% of students were delegated having sufficient information of legitimate cleanliness (P value <0.05). Most students preferred hand washing after defecation (96.5%) (P value <0.05), while 93.8% revealed utilizing shampoo. On the other hand 62.7% of contributors reported brushing their teeth before going to sleep (P value <0.05) and 74% of participants revealed cleaning their tongue sometimes (P value< 0.01). this study discovered underscore the requirement for more cleanliness training in universities; and give target confirm that may direct the improvement of far reaching personal, oral hygiene and health mediation programs in Sulaimani universities. Furthermore the effective usage of this study is probably going to significantly weaken the transmissible diseases.

Abstract Leadership capacity needs development and nurturing at all levels for strong health systems governance and improved outcomes. The Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) is a professional, interdisciplinary terminal degree focused on strategic leadership capacity building. The concept is not new and there are several programmes globally–but none within Africa, despite its urgent need for strong strategic leadership in health. To address this gap, a consortium of institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa, UK and North America have embarked on a collaboration to develop and implement a pan-African DrPH with support from the Rockefeller Foundation. This paper presents findings of research to verify relevance, identify competencies and support programme design and customization. A mixed methods cross sectional multi-country study was conducted in Ghana, South Africa and Uganda. Data collection involved a non-exhaustive desk review, 34 key informant (KI) interviews with past and present health sector leaders and a questionnaire with closed and open ended items administered to 271 potential DrPH trainees. Most study participants saw the concept of a pan-African DrPH as relevant and timely. Strategic leadership competencies identified by KI included providing vision and inspiration for the organization, core personal values and character qualities such as integrity and trustworthiness, skills in adapting to situations and context and creating and maintaining effective change and systems. There was consensus that programme design should emphasize learning by doing and application of theory to professional practice. Short residential periods for peer-to-peer and peer-to-facilitator engagement and learning, interspaced with facilitated workplace based learning, including coaching and mentoring, was the preferred model for programme implementation. The introduction of a pan-African DrPH with a focus on strategic leadership is relevant and timely. Core competencies, optimal design and customization for the sub-Saharan African context has broad consensus in the study setting.

The analysis of modern literature revealed the lack of scientifically based training system for sumo wrestlers of various ages and qualifications, including for the early training phase. The purpοse of the study: to identify indicators of psycho-physiological skills of young sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. Research objectives: 1) to study the issue of optimization of the initial training stage for children involved in sumo wrestling, 2) to study the indicators of psycho-physiological peculiarities of children aged 7-9, 3) to identify promising areas for using the data obtained to increase the effectiveness of the training process of the beginners. Methods and organization of the research: analysis of scientific literature; pedagogical observations of training activities; methods of psychological diagnosis ("Psychodiagnostics" program); methods of mathematical statistics. We carried out pedagogical observations of the training activities of children aged 7-10 in Samara. The research included testing of psycho-physiological indicators of 18 children aged 7-9, with 1-2 years of total training experience. We carried out the study of indicators of psycho-physiological qualities of children at the initial stage of training. Results and discussion. Pedagogical observations of the training activities of children have revealed a number of problems occurring at the initial training stage. Due to the lack of a unified concept of multi-year sumo training, different teachers and trainers implement various approaches to the activity management. They use various techniques to control the parameters of physical fitness and training activities. Training programs do not consider the psycho-physiological characteristics of children. It reduces the efficiency of training programs and primary selection. The research substantiated the indicators of psycho-physiological skills of young sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. Conclusion. Training programs at the initial stage disregard the following major principles connected with this stage: provision of comprehensive training, gradual increase of physical efforts together with its effective control, study of psychological characteristics of children. We identified the indicators of psycho-physiological skills of sumo wrestlers aged 7-9. The obtained materials can be used as guidelines for monitoring the level of manifestation of the psycho-physiological skills of sumo wrestlers aged 7-9.

The quality assessment of the green coffee that you will go to buy cannot be disregarded from a sensory evaluation, although this practice is time consuming and requires a trained professional panel. This study aims to investigate both the potential and the limits of the direct headspace solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry electronic nose technique (HS-SPME-MS or MS-EN) combined with chemometrics for use as an objective, diagnostic and high-throughput technique to be used as an analytical decision maker to predict the in-cup coffee sensory quality of incoming raw beans. The challenge of this study lies in the ability of the analytical approach to predict the sensory qualities of very different coffee types, as is usual in industry for the qualification and selection of incoming coffees. Coffees have been analysed using HS-SPME-MS and sensory analyses. The mass spectral fingerprints (MS-EN data) obtained were elaborated using: (i) unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA); (ii) supervised partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to select the ions that are most related to the sensory notes investigated; and (iii) cross-validated partial least square regression (PLS), to predict the sensory attribute in new samples. The regression models were built with a training set of 150 coffee samples and an external test set of 34. The most reliable results were obtained with acid, bitter, spicy and aromatic intensity attributes. The mean error in the sensory-score predictions on the test set with the available data always fell within a limit of ±2. The results show that the combination of HS-SPME-MS fingerprints and chemometrics is an effective approach that can be used as a Total Analysis System (TAS) for the high-throughput definition of in-cup coffee sensory quality. Limitations in the method are found in the compromises that are accepted when applying a screening method, as opposed to human evaluation, in the sensory assessment of incoming raw material. The cost-benefit relationship of this and other screening instrumental approaches must be considered and weighed against the advantages of the potency of human response which could thus be better exploited in modulating blends for sensory experiences outside routine.

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This real-world study of what students value in crisis leadership fills an important gap in the literature and may inform future leadership development programs in undergraduate medical education. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Leadership training is of growing importance and prevalence in medical education. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique insight into the qualities students value in leaders. Our qualitative study examined these leadership themes and provides a grounding for future development of leadership programs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A conventional qualitative approach was used in order to allow open expression of ideas related to leadership in a pandemic. The authors developed a 5 free-text question survey instrument aimed to uncover student perceptions of leadership both during the current pandemic and in crises in general. A participant pilot was performed in order to ensure readability and ease of understanding. We used thematic analysis to examine the content of the survey responses, and inductive coding of the responses allowed identification of emerging themes. Medical students at the University of Michigan were surveyed. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 162 students completed the survey. The demographic characteristics of participants are shown in Table 1. Median age was 25 years old (range, 22-39). There was good representation from the 4 classes in the medical school with 20-30% from each medical school class and 5% of dual degree students. Thematic analysis demonstrated that students value personal characteristics of excellence in their leaders with an orientation towards helping other people. Students believe that leaders must know how to interpret and use information and then that these leaders must be able to communicate expertly to guide organizations. The final theme that emerged is that effective leaders must commit to decisive action. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This study took place at a time of unprecedented crises and response examples were grounded in this real-world practice of leadership. These results and themes that emerged fill a critical gap and may facilitate future curriculum development for medical students and trainees.

ntroduction. The article deals with the actual problem of the professional activity of physical educators and the characteristics of preparation for its effective performance. The purpose of the study is to analyzethe development peculiarities of the system of professional training for the specialists in physical education in Ukraine at different historical stages of its formation. The research methods used to achieve the goal are as follows: theoretical and general analysis of scientific and scientific-pedagogical literature, documentary method, method of system analysis, comparative method. Results. The issue of all-round physical development of young generations and formation of their physical culture is one ofthe vital current problems, the solution of which is the task of numerous scientific fields, including pedagogy, psychology, philosophy, medicine. The scientific research of the issue has resulted in a variety of theories, concepts and methods of physicaleducation that provide children and youth with the appropriate basis for their physical development and the enhancement of their physical strength and capabilities. Simultaneously, it is undeniable that no concept of physical education of the younger generations can be fully implemented without the trained professionals, playing a leading role in organization and implementation of the educational process. Formation of physical culture aimed at maintenance and promotion of health, and improvement of physical qualities for the purpose of harmonious development of an individual, is impossible without highly qualified specialists. Originality. The article describes the state of personnel provision in the sphere of school physical education in Ukraine during the XIX-XXI centuries, the practice of organizing the professional training process for physical educators, and the directions of its improvement in accordance with the current needs of the school and society. The peculiarity of the process is the high levelof direction differentiation in modern Ukrainian historiography of the specialists training in physical education of children and youth. Many historical and pedagogical researches deal with the theory and practice of professional training for pedagogical staff in physical education. The research heritage of outstanding educators of the past is a valuable source of information for modern researchers of professional training for pedagogical staff in physical education. Conclusions. Scientists are primarily focusing on studying the theoretical and methodological principles of professional training for the specialists in physical education, emphasizing the numerous contradictions in the system of professional training for pedagogical staff in physical education, which solving requires a careful consideration and defining the constructive ways of their solution.

The current research directed towards testing a model designed by the researcher to reveal the extent of the possibility of beautifying medical procedures in hospitals from the perspective of relationship management or the joyful interaction with the customer, by focusing on the procedural dimension of the specialized human and professional interaction between the health service provider and its recipient, and conducting an administrative beautification process to get rid of the distortions of medical qualities in dealing For health care providers in local hospitals. The proposed model, which the researcher tried to test in the field of practicing medicine, with a focus on the College of Medicine in Basra, revolves around three main variables:The care of the departments or deanships of medical colleges in Iraq with the customer and the need to go towards him, and work on creating a broad (R) relationship that focuses on the customer’s value and happiness and meeting his needs, and embracing health activities in a way that meets the customer’s desires (C) whether they are actual or potential and mixing these concepts The three (mix). Through a survey of the opinions of people specialized in health performance and other parties related to the research to try to beautify the deformities that occurred in the health performance with a questionnaire prepared by the researcher and distributed to (120) individuals with a variety of assortment to represent a random sample of doctors, workers and students practicing the medical profession, trainees and their supervisors, and at a rate of (20) A form for each of the six Basra hospitals (Basra General Hospital, Basra Maternity and Children Hospital.Ibn Ghazwan, Shifa General Hospital, Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital, Al-Tahrir General Hospital, Al-Fayhaa General Hospital) in which practical lessons are applied and medical cases conducted by the College of Medicine for its students, which are factories of health and medical information and an effective field. For scientific and practical application and observations, with a response rate of (66%), the research concluded, after conducting the statistical analysis process through data processing with the statistical spss program, that the surveyed organizations’ interest in the variables of the proposed model was less than the level required to rise to the trend in applying the concepts of the customer relationship management strategy Similar to the trends of health organizations in the developed world. The research recommended that the administrative authorities in the education corridors that provide the service of science and medical and health knowledge in Iraq must adopt the concept of relationship management with the customer and the recognition that the customer is the focus of the desired success and its role is very important for the educational health organization, which is the basis of information that constitutes the building block of education, and does not determine its activities from Without considering the customer as a source on which to draw its future directions.Therefore, this research was divided into four aspects, the first concerned, with the conceptual approach, the second concerned with the methodological aspect while the third was devoted to the applied aspect, and we concluded with the fourth aspect, under which the conclusions and recommendations reached by the research.

IntroductionRecut trailers typically mix footage from one or more films to create a preview for a feature that will never exist. Challenging the trailer’s assumed function as existing merely to gain an audience for a main attraction, the recut trailer suggests that the trailer can exist separately from a film. This paper will ask if recut trailers are evidence of fan enthusiasm and question precisely where this enthusiasm is directed. Do recut trailers demonstrate there are fans for the feature film that is recut, or does this enthusiasm extend beyond an appreciation and anticipation for a feature film? It will be ascertained if the recut trailer – as a site for homage, parody and fandom – transcends the advertising imperatives of box office success. This paper will demonstrate how fan-made trailers are symptomatic of the need for a new critical approach to trailers, one that does not situate the trailer as the low advertisement to the high cultural text of the film. It will be proposed that trailers form a network, of which the feature films and other trailers that are invoked form only a part.Recut trailers, while challenging the norms of what is considered an advertisement, function within a strict frame of reference: in their length, use of credits, text, voiceover in direct address to the audience, and editing techniques. Consequently, the recut trailer parodies and challenges the tools of promotion by utilising the very methods that sell to a prospective audience, to create an advertisement that is stripped of its traditional function by promoting a film that cannot exist and cannot be consumed. The promotion seems to end at the site of the advertisement, while still calling upon a complex series of interconnected references and collective knowledge in order for the parody to be effective. This paper will examine the network of Brokeback Mountain parodies, which were created before, during and after the feature film’s release, suggesting that the temporal imperative usually present in trailers is irrelevant for their appreciation. A playlist of the trailers discussed is available here.The Shift from Public to PrivateThe limited scholarship available situates the trailer as a promotional tool and a “brief film text” (Kernan 1), which is a “limited sample of the product” of the feature film (Kerr and Flynn 103), one that directly markets to demographics in order to draw an audience to see the feature. The traditional distribution methods for the trailer – as pre-packaged coming attractions in a cinema, and as television advertisements – work by building a desire to see a film in the future. For the trailer to be commercially successful within this framework, there is an imperative to differentiate itself from other trailers through creating an appeal to stars, genre or narrative (Kernan 14), or to be recognised as a trailer in amongst the stream of other advertisements on television. As new media forms have emerged, the trailer’s spatial and temporal bounds have shifted: the trailer is now included as a special feature on DVD packages, is sent to mobile devices on demand, and is viewed on video-sharing websites such as YouTube. In this move from the communal, collective and directed consumption of the trailer in the public sphere to the individualised, domesticated and on-demand consumption in the private sphere – the trailer has shown itself to be a successful “cross-media text” (Johnston 145). While choosing to watch a trailer – potentially long after the theatrical release of the film it promotes – suggests a growing “interactive relationship between film studio and audience” (Johnston 145), it also marks the beginning of increasing interactivity between the trailer and the audience, a relationship that has altered the function and purpose of the trailer beyond the studio’s control. Yet, the form of the trailer as it was traditionally distributed has been retained for recut trailers in order to parody and strip the trailer of its original meaning and purpose, and removes any commercial capital attached to it. Rather than simply being released at the control of a studio, the trailer is now actively shared, appropriated and altered. Demand for the trailer has not diminished since the introduction of new media, suggesting that there is an enthusiasm not only for coming feature films, but also for the act of watching, producing and altering trailers that may not translate into box office takings. This calls into question the role of the trailer in new media sites, in which the recut trailers form a significant part by embodying the larger changes to the consumption and distribution of trailers.TrailerTubeThis study analyses recut trailers released on YouTube only. This is, arguably, the most common way that these trailers are watched and newly created trailers are shared and interacted with, with some clips reaching several million views. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the network that is created surrounding the recut trailer through addressing its specific qualities. YouTube is the only site consulted in this study for the release for fan-made trailers as YouTube forms a formidable part of the network of recut trailers and studio released trailers, and currently, serves as a common way for Internet users to search for videos.YouTube was launched in December 2005, and in the following 1-2 years, the majority of popular recut trailers emerged. The correlation between these two dates is not arbitrary; the technology and culture promoted and fostered by the unique specificities of YouTube has in turn developed the recut trailer as “one of the most popular forms of fan subversion in the age of digital video” (Hilderband 52). It is also the role of audiences and producers that has ensured that the trailer has moved beyond its original spatial and temporal bounds – to be consumed in the home or on mobile devices, and at any stage past any promotional urgency. The Brokeback Mountain parodies, to be later discussed, surfaced mainly in 2006, demonstrative of an early acceptance of the possibilities that YouTube and mass broadcasting presented, and the possibilities that the trailer could offer to YouTube’s “clip” culture (Hilderbrand 49).The specificities of YouTube as a channel for dissemination have allowed for fan-made trailers to exist alongside trailers released by studios. Rather than the trailer being consumed and then becoming irretrievable, perpetually tied to the feature film it promotes, the online distribution and storing of trailers allows a constant revisiting of the advertisement – this act alone demonstrating an enthusiasm for the form of the trailer. Hilderbrand argues that YouTube “offers[s] new and remediating relationships to texts that indicate changes and acceleration of spectatorial consumption” (49). Specifically, Hilderbrand proposes that YouTube functions as a collection of memories, which in turn present a “portal of cultural memory” (54) – amplified by the ability to create playlists and channels. The tagging of trailers to the films from which they drive, the official trailers released for a film referenced, or other recut trailers ensures that there is a physical trace of the network the trailer creates. Recut trailers demand for knowledge and capital to be shared amongst viewers, the technical attributes of YouTube allow for much of this knowledge to be available on demand, and to be hyperlinked or suggested to the viewer. In order for the parody present in recut trailers to function at the level intended, the films that are drawn upon would presumably need to be identified and some basic elements of the plot understood in order for the capital imbued in the trailer to be completely realised. If the user is unaware of the film, however, clips of the film or the original trailer can be reached either through the “related videos” menu which populates according to the didactic information for the clip watched, or by searching. As the majority of recut trailers seek to displace the original genre of the film parodied – such as, for example, Ten Things I Hate about Commandments which presents the story of The Ten Commandments as a teen film in which Moses will both part the sea and get the girl – the original genre of the film must be known by the viewer in order to acknowledge the site for parody in the fan-made trailer. Further to this, the network deployed suggests that there must be some knowledge of the conventions of the genre that is being applied to the original film’s promotional qualities. The parody functions by effectively sharing the knowledge between two genres, in conjunction with an awareness of the role and capital of the trailer. Tagging, playlists and channels facilitate the sharing of knowledge and dispersing of capital. As the recut trailer tends to derive from more than one source, the network alters the viewer’s relationship to the original feature film and cultivates a series of clips and knowledge. However, this also indicates that intimate fan knowledge can be bypassed – which places this particular relationship to the trailer and the invoked films as existing outside the realms of the archetypal cult fan. This challenges prior conceptions of fan culture by resisting a prolonged engagement normally attributed to cultivating fan status (Hills), as typically only one trailer will be made, rather than exhibiting a concentrated adulation of one text. The recut trailer is placed as the nexus in a series of links, in which the studio system is subverted while also being directly engaged with and utilised. The tools that have traditionally been used to sell to an audience through pre-packaged coming attractions are now used to promote a film that cannot be consumed that holds no commercial significance for film studios. These tools also work to reinforce the aesthetic and cinematic norms in the trailer, which provide a contract of audience expectations – such as the use of the approval by the American Motion Picture Association screen and classification at the beginning of the majority of recut trailers. The recut trailer assimilates to the nature of video sharing on YouTube in which the trailer is part of a network of narratives all of which are accessible on demand, can be fast-forwarded, replayed, and embedded on numerous social networking sites for further dissemination and accompanying editorial comment. The trailer thus becomes a social text that involves a community and is wide-reaching in its aims and consumption, despite being physically consumed in the private sphere. The feature which enables the user to “favourite” a video, add it to their playlist and embed it in another site, demonstrates that the trailer is considered as its own cohesive form, subject to scrutiny and favoured or dismissed. Constant statistics reflecting its popularity reinforce the success of a recut trailer, and popularity will generally lead to the trailer becoming more accessible. Hilderbrand argues that YouTube has nutured a “new temporality of immediate gratification for audiences” which has in turn contributed to the “culture of the clip” (49), which the trailer seems to exemplify – and in the absence of feature films being legally readily accessible on sites such as YouTube, the trailer seeks to fill the void for immediate gratification.Brokeback MountainsWhile fan-made trailers can generate enthusiasm about the release of an upcoming film they may be linked to – as was recently the case with fan-made trailers for teen vampire film, Twilight – there is also a general enthusiasm to play with the form of the trailer and all that it signifies, while in the process, stripping the trailer of its traditional function. Following the release of the trailer for feature film Brokeback Mountain, numerous recut trailers emerged on YouTube which took the romantic and sexual relationship of the two male leads in the film, and applied this narrative to films depicting two male leads in a non-romantic friendship. In effect, new films were created that used the basis of Brokeback Mountain to shift plots in existing films, creating a new narrative in the process. The many Brokeback… parodies vary in popularity, and have been uploaded to YouTube continuously since 2006. The titles include Brokeback to the Future, Saved by the Bell: Brokeback Style, Brokeback of the Ring, The Brokeback Redemption, Broke Trek, Harry Potter and Brokeback Goblet and Star Wars: The Emperor Brokeback. The trailers use footage from a variety of film and television sources that show a friendship between two men and introduce it to the “style” of Brokeback Mountain. There are several techniques which are used uniformly across all of the trailers in order to convey this new plot: the original score used in the Brokeback Mountain trailer begins each recut trailer; the use of typically white text on a black screen based on the original trailer’s text, or a slight variant of it which is specific to the film which is being recut; and the pace of shots altered to focus on lingering looks, or to splice scenes together in order to imply sexual contact. Consequently, there is a consciousness of the effects used in the original trailer to sell a particular narrative to the audience as something that an audience would want to view. The narrative is constructed as being universal, as any story with two men as the leads and their friendship can be altered to show an underlying homoerotic story, and the form of the trailer allows these storylines to be promoted and shared. The insider knowledge of the fan that has noticed these interactions is able to make their knowledge communal. Hills argues that “fans participate in communal activities” (ix), which here takes the form of creating a network of collective stories which form Brokeback – it is a story extended to several sites, and a story which is promoted and sold. Through the use of tagging, playlists and suggested videos, once one recut trailer is viewed, several others are made instantly available. The availability of the original Brokeback Mountain trailer then serves to reinforce the authenticity and professionalism of the clips, by providing a template in which existing footage from other films is moulded to fit within.The instant identifier of a Brokeback… trailer is the music that was used in the original trailer. This signals that the trailer for Brokeback Mountain was itself so iconic that the use of its soundtrack would be instantly recognisable, and the re-use of music and text suggests that the recut trailers reinforce this iconography and its capital by visually reinforcing what signifies Brokeback Mountain. The network these trailers create includes the film Brokeback Mountain itself, but the recut trailer begins to open a new trajectory for the narrative to mould and shift, identifiable by techniques present in the trailer but not the feature film itself. The fan appreciation is evident in several ways: namely, there is an enthusiasm to conflate a feature film into Brokeback Mountain’s general narrative; that there has been enough of an engagement with a feature in order to retrieve clips to be edited into a new montage, and consequently, a condensed narrative with a direct mode of address; and also the eagerness to see a feature film in trailer form, employing trailer-specific cinematic techniques to enhance parody and displacement. Recut trailers are also subject to commenting, which generally reflect on either the insider fan knowledge of the text that is being initiated to the world of Brokeback Mountain, or take the place of comments that reflect on the success of the editing. In this respect, critique is a part of the communal fan interaction with the creator and uploader in the recut trailer’s network. As such, there is a focus on quality for the creator of the fan video, and rating occurs in order to rank the recut trailers. This focus on quality and professionalism elevates the creator of the recut trailer to the status of a director, despite not having filmed the scenes themselves. Demonstrating the enthusiasm for the role of the trailer, the internal promotion on YouTube of the most successful trailers – designated as such by the YouTube community – signals an active engagement with the role of the trailer, and its social properties, even though it is consumed individually.ConclusionWhile the recut trailer extends the fan gaze toward one object or more, it is typically presented as a parody, and consequently, could also be seen as rejecting elements of a genre or feature film. However, the parody typically occurs at the site of displacement: such as the relationship between the two male leads in Brokeback to the Future having a romantic relationship whilst coming to terms with time-travel; the burning bush in Ten Things I Hate about Commandments being played by Samuel L. Jackson as “Principal Firebush”, complete with audio from Pulp Fiction; or recutting romantic comedy Sleepless in Seattle to become a horror film. The parody relies on knowledge that can be found easily, aided by YouTube’s features, while requiring the creator to intimately engage with a feature film. The role of the trailer in this network is to provide the tools and the boundaries for the new narrative to exist within, and create a system of referents for the fan to identify, through parodies of star appeal, genre, or narrative, as Kernan proposes are the three ways in which a trailer often relies upon to sell itself to an audience (14).As this paper has argued toward, the recut trailer can also be released from the feature films it invokes by being considered as its own coherent form, which draws upon numerous sites of knowledge and capital in order to form a network. While traditionally trailers have worked to gain an audience for an impending feature release, the recut trailer only seeks to create an audience for itself. Through the use of cult texts or a particularly successful form of parody, as demonstrated in Scary Mary Poppins, the recut trailer is widely consumed and shared across multiple avenues. The recut trailer then seeks to promote only itself through providing a condensed narrative, speaking directly to audiences, and cleverly engaging with the use of editing to leave traces of authorship. Fan culture may be seen as the adoration of one creator to the film they recut, but the network that the recut trailer creates demonstrates that there is an enthusiasm in both creators and viewers for the form of the trailer itself, to exist beyond the feature film and advertising imperatives.ReferencesBrokeback of the Ring. 27 Feb. 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgt-BiFiBek›.Brokeback to the Future. 1 Feb. 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uwuLxrv8jY›.Brokeback Mountain. Dir. Ang Lee. Film. Paramount Pictures, 2005. The Brokeback Redemption Trailer. 28 Feb. 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtRi42DEdTE›.Broke Trek – A Star Trek Brokeback Mountain Parody. 27 May 2007. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xSOuLky3n0›.Harry Potter and the Brokeback Goblet. 8 March 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9D0veHTxh0›. Hilderbrand, Lucas. "Youtube: Where Cultural Memory and Copyright Converge." Film Quarterly 61 (2007): 48-57. Hills, Matthew. Fan Cultures. New York: Routledge, 2002. Johnston, Keith M. "'The Coolest Way to Watch Movie Trailers in the World': Trailers in the Digital Age." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 14 (2008): 145-60. Kernan, Lisa. Coming Attractions: Reading American Movie Trailers. Austin: U of Texas P, 2004. Kerr, Aphra, and Roddy Flynn. "Rethinking Globalisation through the Movie and Games Industries." Convergence: The International Journal of Research Into New Media Technologies 9 (2003): 91-113. The Original Scary ‘Mary Poppins’ Recut Trailer. 8 Oct. 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2T5_0AGdFic›.Saved by the Bell: Brokeback Style. 4 April 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHLr5AYl5f4›.Sleepless in Seattle. Dir. Nora Ephron. Film. Tristar Pictures, 1993. Sleepless in Seattle: Recut as a Horror Movie. 30 Jan. 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frUPnZMxr08›.Star Wars: The Emperor Brokeback. 14 Feb. 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omB18oRsBYg›.The Ten Commandments. Dir. Cecil B. DeMille. Film. Paramount Pictures, 1956. Ten Things I Hate about Commandments. 14 May 2006. YouTube. Video. 2 March 2009 ‹http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1kqqMXWEFs›.

Road quality assessment is a crucial part in municipalities’ workto maintain their infrastructure, plan upgrades, and manage theirbudgets. Properly maintaining this infrastructure relies heavily onconsistently monitoring its condition and deterioration over time.This can be a challenge, especially in larger towns and cities wherethere is a lot of city property to keep an eye on. We review roadquality assessment methods currently employed, and then describeour novel algorithm aimed at identifying distressed road regionsfrom street view images and pinpointing cracks within them. Wepredict distressed regions by computing Fisher vectors on localSIFT descriptors and classifying them with an SVM trained to distinguishbetween road qualities. We follow this step with a comparisonto a weighed contour map within these distressed regionsto identify exact crack and defect locations, and use the contourweights to predict the crack severity. Promising results are obtainedon our manually annotated dataset, which indicate the viability ofusing this cost-effective system to perform road quality assessmentat a municipal level.

Purpose There has been little research into the use and efficacy of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) across UK workplaces. This paper aims to investigate the implementation of MHFA across six UK organisations, identifying key barriers and facilitators. Design/methodology/approach Twenty-seven workplace representatives were recruited from six organisations through purposive sampling and took part in semi-structured interviews exploring their experiences of workplace MHFA. The data underwent thematic analysis, identifying key themes around implementation. Findings Implementation varied across organisations, including different reasons for initial interest in the programme, and variable ways that MHFA-trained employees operated post-training. Key barriers to successful implementation included negative attitudes around mental health, the perception that MHFA roles were onerous, and employees’ reluctance to engage in the MHFA programme. Successful implementation was perceived to be based on individual qualities of MHFA instructors and good practice demonstrated by trained individuals in the workplace. The role of the inner organisational setting and employee characteristics were further highlighted as barriers and facilitators to effective implementation. Research limitations/implications MHFA is a complex intervention, presenting in different ways when implemented into complex workplace settings. As such, traditional evaluation methods may not be appropriate for gaining insights into its effectiveness. Future evaluations of workplace MHFA must consider the complexity of implementing and operationalising this intervention in the workplace. Originality/value This study is the first to highlight the factors affecting successful implementation of MHFA across a range of UK workplaces.

Preparing athletes for competitions and developing their skills is a complex and non-standard process of activity, which allows you to form the basic physical and psychological parameters for the success of performances. In the course of training, young people develop basic personal qualities, without which it is difficult to achieve any sports results. In the training process, many different factors can be identified that affect the success of an athlete, which determines the priority of selecting an effective method of their physical, technical and psychological training. The article proves that the individual approach of trainers to the choice of training parameters is considered the most effective. Previously, athletes and their coaches could only evaluate the effectiveness of their preparatory process based on experience and practical results, but with the introduction of technology, the analytical work of coaches has become easier. For this purpose, information technologies based on hardware and software systems are used, which have a large number of advantages. The released time from analytical work can be used to improve the issues of technical training of athletes and their psychological stability. The article shows that the coaching work on the preparation of athletes includes components of the educational process, where the basic principles of pedagogy are preserved. Training athletes with the development of information technologies and systems becoming more complex, covering not only the development of physical abilities of man, but also to focus on the formation of his full and psychologically stable personality.

The article examines the importance of staff motivation to ensure the flexibility of the enterprise. The purpose of the company's development is to accelerate the processes of adaptation to market changes. A model of personnel motivation based on the implementation of the training system is proposed, which contains: research of market demand and consumer values; audit of human resources; formation of a system for teaching skills to the project evaluating the effectiveness of the training program. The necessary conditions for effective motivation are: a positive relationship between the manager and subordinates; education system; corporate culture. Value orientations (endowing people with positive qualities; treating employees as a constantly developing personality; recognizing and positively using individual differences; effectively expressing and using possible feelings; emphasizing real behavior; using status only for organizational purposes; trust in people; willingness to defend one's point vision and take risks; consideration of participation in this process as important for the effective execution of the task; emphasis on cooperation) are maximally taken into account in the proposed model of personnel motivation through training. Measures to minimize the risks of implementing the training system: teamwork; formation of a structural unit of trainers; signing of long-term agreements on certain training programs. Effective implementation of the personnel training system will create a basis for motivation and ensure business success by: improving the results of personnel planning; improvement of the personnel selection system; make the most of the potential of the personnel in achieving the goals of the organization; create a positive social and psychological climate in the team; improve the qualifications, sense of professional responsibility and initiative of the staff; awareness of the social significance of the results obtained and the prestige of this work. The prospect of further research in this direction is the improvement of training techniques for managers.

Abstract Poor quality and low repeatability of additively manufactured parts are key technological obstacles for the widespread adoption of additive manufacturing (AM). In-situ monitoring and control of the AM process is vital to overcome this problem. This paper describes the combined artificial intelligence and plasma emission spectroscopy to identify the porosity of AM parts during the process. The time- and position-synchronized spectra were collected during the directed energy deposition (DED) manufacturing process of a 7075-Al alloy part. Eighteen features extracted from spectra were coupled with the deposition qualities which were characterized by the 3D X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scan and used to train a Random Forest (RF) classifier. The well-trained RF classifier achieved up to 83% precision for the porosity recognition of depositions. The feature importance recorded by the RF classifier indicates that the intensities of spectra at the wavelength of 414.234 (Fe I) nm and 396.054 (Al I) nm, and the kurtosis of spectra at wavelength ranges of 484–490 nm and 508–518 nm, are the most effective features for porosity recognition. The physical correlations between spectra, porosity formation, and thermal accumulation during the AM process were analyzed. This study demonstrates the great potentials, as well as challenges of plasma emission spectroscopy for in-situ quality monitoring of laser AM which allows the enhancement of AM technique.