Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Effect of Hurricane Mitch

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Effect of Hurricane Mitch”

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Data publikacji: 25 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Effect of Hurricane Mitch"

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Guill, C. K., i W. X. Shandera. "The Effects of Hurricane Mitch on a Community in Northern Honduras". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, nr 3 (wrzesień 2001): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025929.

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AbstractIntroduction:Hurricane Mitch was an event described as one of the most damaging recent natural disasters in our hemisphere. This study examined its effects on a community of 5,000 residents in northern Honduras.Methods:Survey responses of 110 attendants at an ambulatory clinic 4 months after the event were analyzed. Correlates were established between demographic and housing characteristics and morbidity and mortality.Results:The availability of food, water, and medical care decreased significantly immediately after the hurricane, but by four months afterward returned to baseline values. Residents reported emotional distress correlated with the loss of a house or intrafamilial illness or mortality. Diarrheal illnesses more commonly were found in households with poor, chronic access to medical care. The use of cement block housing correlated with availability of food or running water, with access to medical care and vaccinations, and with a reduced frequency of diarrhea or headaches in the immediate post-hurricane phase.Conclusions:Improvements in housing construction appear to be the most effective preventive measure for withstanding the effects of future hurricanes in tropical regions similar to northern Honduras.
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Fernández-Lavado, C., G. Furdada i M. A. Marqués. "Geomorphological method in the elaboration of hazard maps for flash-floods in the municipality of Jucuarán (El Salvador)". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, nr 4 (18.07.2007): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-455-2007.

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Abstract. This work deals with the elaboration of flood hazard maps. These maps reflect the areas prone to floods based on the effects of Hurricane Mitch in the Municipality of Jucuarán of El Salvador. Stream channels located in the coastal range in the SE of El Salvador flow into the Pacific Ocean and generate alluvial fans. Communities often inhabit these fans can be affected by floods. The geomorphology of these stream basins is associated with small areas, steep slopes, well developed regolite and extensive deforestation. These features play a key role in the generation of flash-floods. This zone lacks comprehensive rainfall data and gauging stations. The most detailed topographic maps are on a scale of 1:25 000. Given that the scale was not sufficiently detailed, we used aerial photographs enlarged to the scale of 1:8000. The effects of Hurricane Mitch mapped on these photographs were regarded as the reference event. Flood maps have a dual purpose (1) community emergency plans, (2) regional land use planning carried out by local authorities. The geomorphological method is based on mapping the geomorphological evidence (alluvial fans, preferential stream channels, erosion and sedimentation, man-made terraces). Following the interpretation of the photographs this information was validated on the field and complemented by eyewitness reports such as the height of water and flow typology. In addition, community workshops were organized to obtain information about the evolution and the impact of the phenomena. The superimposition of this information enables us to obtain a comprehensive geomorphological map. Another aim of the study was the calculation of the peak discharge using the Manning and the paleohydraulic methods and estimates based on geomorphologic criterion. The results were compared with those obtained using the rational method. Significant differences in the order of magnitude of the calculated discharges were noted. The rational method underestimated the results owing to short and discontinuous periods of rainfall data with the result that probabilistic equations cannot be applied. The Manning method yields a wide range of results because of its dependence on the roughness coefficient. The paleohydraulic method yielded higher values than the rational and Manning methods. However, it should be pointed out that it is possible that bigger boulders could have been moved had they existed. These discharge values are lower than those obtained by the geomorphological estimates, i.e. much closer to reality. The flood hazard maps were derived from the comprehensive geomorphological map. Three categories of hazard were established (very high, high and moderate) using flood energy, water height and velocity flow deduced from geomorphological and eyewitness reports.
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Gunby, P. "Hurricane Mitch Aftermath". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 281, nr 13 (7.04.1999): 1162—b—1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.13.1162-b.

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Gunby, Phil. "Hurricane Mitch Aftermath". JAMA 281, nr 13 (7.04.1999): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.13.1162-jmu91000-3-1.

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Evans, S. G., R. H. Guthrie, N. J. Roberts i N. F. Bishop. "The disastrous 17 February 2006 rockslide-debris avalanche on Leyte Island, Philippines: a catastrophic landslide in tropical mountain terrain". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, nr 1 (24.01.2007): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-89-2007.

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Abstract. In February 2006, a disastrous rockslide-debris avalanche occurred in tropical mountain terrain, on Leyte Island, Central Philippines. Over 1100 people perished when the village of Guinsaugon was overwhelmed directly in the path of the landslide. The landslide was initiated by the failure of a 450 m high rock slope within the damage zone of the Philippine Fault where the rock mass consisted of sheared and brecciated volcanic, sedimentary and volcaniclastic rocks. Tectonic weakening of the failed rock mass had resulted from active strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault which have been estimated by other workers at 2.5 cm/year. The landslide involved a total volume of 15 Mm3, including significant entrainment from its path, and ran out a horizontal distance of 3800 m over a vertical distance of 810 m, equivalent to a fahrböschung of 12°. Run-out distance was enhanced by friction reduction due to undrained loading when the debris encountered flooded paddy fields in the valley bottom at a path distance of 2600 m. A simulation of the event using the dynamic analysis model DAN indicated a mean velocity of 35 m/s and demonstrated the contribution of the paddy field effect to total run-out distance. There was no direct trigger for the landslide but the landslide did follow a period of very heavy rainfall with a lag time of four days. The rockslide-debris avalanche is one of several disastrous landslides to have occurred in the Philippines in the last twenty years. In terms of loss of life, the Guinsaugon event is the most devastating single-event landslide to have occurred worldwide since the Casita Volcano rock avalanche-debris flow which was triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Nicaragua in 1998.
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Hellin, Jon, Martin Haigh i Frank Marks. "Rainfall characteristics of hurricane Mitch". Nature 399, nr 6734 (maj 1999): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/20577.

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Russell, Grahame. "Hurricane Mitch and human rights". Development in Practice 9, nr 3 (maj 1999): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614529953061.

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Weiss, Josie A., Lygia Holcomb i Nancy J. Crigger. "Lessons Learned From Hurricane Mitch". Holistic Nursing Practice 20, nr 6 (listopad 2006): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004650-200611000-00005.

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Christoplos, Ian, Tomás Rodríguez, E. Lisa F. Schipper, Eddy Alberto Narvaez, Karla Maria Bayres Mejia, Rolando Buitrago, Ligia Gómez i Francisco J. Pérez. "Learning from recovery after Hurricane Mitch". Disasters 34 (11.03.2010): S202—S219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01154.x.

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Hellin, J., i M. J. Haigh. "Rainfall in Honduras during Hurricane Mitch". Weather 54, nr 11 (listopad 1999): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1999.tb05534.x.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Effect of Hurricane Mitch"

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Fuentes, Vilma Elisa. "The political effects of disaster and foreign aid national and subnational governance in Honduras after Hurricane Mitch /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000683.

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Tomlinson, Rewa Helen. "Community development in El Mirador, Nicaragua, post Hurricane Mitch: NGO involvement and community cohesion". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1336.

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In October of 1998 the category 5 storm, Hurricane Mitch, struck Nicaragua, leaving in its wake mass destruction and devastation. Numerous aid agencies and social organisations poured funds into the country to assist in emergency disaster relief efforts, and to rebuild the lives of those who lost their homes and livelihoods (damnificados). El Mirador in the city of Matagalpa is one example of the many communities built with aid monies after Hurricane Mitch. This thesis uses qualitative data constructed from in-depth interviews with participants (community members in El Mirador) to understand the level of successful community development that has been achieved, the ability for longer term sustainability as a result of community development strategies, and the areas in which community development has failed. Through an examination of the relationship the community has with the NGO the Communal Movement, the question of long term sustainability becomes important. The most telling indicator (that development practice is unsustainable) is the unproductive coping mechanisms of community members as aid and social organisations withdraw leaving members with ineffective social networks and at times uncooperative behaviour. Added into this is the arrival of new members into the community, and squatters, who have only added to the feelings of segregation already apparent, as a 'them and us' mentality develops. This study provides a detailed case specific analysis of community development through disaster relief efforts. It highlights some of the consistent, broad inefficiencies as well as more location and situation specific difficulties of community development. Moreover, it adds to the growing body of literature researching how disaster relief can become more effective and sustainable in the longer term.
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Keck, Jennifer R. "Changes in Coral Populations on the Northwest Coast of Roatan, Honduras, Subsequent to the 1998 Coral Bleaching Event and Hurricane Mitch". NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/280.

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Long term monitoring of coral reefs on the northwest coast of Roatán, Honduras, has documented significant changes in coral cover over a seven-year period. Twenty photographic quadrats were permanently installed at approximately 12 m depth at each of three study sites located on the northwest coast of Roatán. Photographs were taken at six or twelve month intervals from 1996 through 2003. This observation period included a massive bleaching event which began in late-September of 1998, and Hurricane Mitch which struck in October of the same year. A measurement of projected surface area (PSA, cm2) was used to estimate total coral coverage. Changes in colony number, percent cover, species diversity and recruitment of all scleractinian corals were monitored within the quadrats. During the seven-year period, living coral cover decreased significantly from 30-34% to 17-20%. This represents net losses ranging between 32% and 50%. The greatest loss occurred in the year following the bleaching event and Hurricane Mitch and was largely due to the decline of the dominant reef building species Montastrea annularis, M. faveolata, and M. franksi. These three species accounted for 56% of total hard coral cover in 1996 and only 32% at the conclusion of the observation period. A sharp reduction in the total number of living colonies in the quadrats was observed with 217 of the 532 original colonies (41%) suffering complete mortality. While 117 coral recruits were identified during this period, recruitment mortality was high (40%) with only two cases of the massive frame building Montastrea species recruiting into the photostations. A combination of at least three factors have contributed to changes in the benthic community observed during this investigation: (1) the massive coral bleaching event in the fall of 1998 which disproportionately affected Montastrea spp.; (2) a category 5 hurricane; and (3) increased anthropogenic stress in the form of sedimentation and nutrient enrichment as the result of new and unregulated development.
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Schade, Lars Reinhard. "The ocean's effect on hurricane intensity". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11640.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-125).
by Lars Reinhard Schade.
Ph.D.
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Peterson, Robert Charles. "Tenure Insecurity and Post-Disaster Housing: Case Studies in New Orleans and Tegucigalpa". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/954.

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This research focuses upon cases wherein post]disaster housing assistance was affected by tenure insecurity. In the case of post]Katrina New Orleans, the Road Home, which provided monies for rebuilding, faced difficulties in allocating its aid because of heirship titles, a form of tenure insecurity to which the United States has often been misconceived as immune. In the case of post]Hurricane Mitch in Tegucigalpa, a post]disaster housing relocation program struggled to find lands in an urban land market with pervasive insecurity
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MANE, ERDGIN. "Microeconometric analysis of food security". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/207736.

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Rising Food Prices and Undernourishment: A Cross-Country Inquiry Il welfare delle famiglie nei paesi in via di sviluppo e stato colpito nel periodo 2005-2008 dal drammatico incremento nei prezzi dei beni alimentari. Nel presente lavoro, si adotta un approccio di equilibrio parziale, al ne di analizzare l'eetto a breve termine della crescita dei prezzi dei beni alimentari basilari sul livello di nutrizione, considerato quale indicatore del welfare. L'analisi consiste nella costruzione dei sistemi completi di domanda di beni alimentari, per poi eettuare micro-simulazioni a livello delle famiglie. Invece di limitare l'attenzione su un singolo paese, si fornisce una panoramica piu completa mediante una analisi cross-country resa possibile dall'utilizzo di indagini sulle famiglie rappresentative delle rispettive nazioni. La confrontabilita dei dati tra paesi e garantita dall'adozione delle medesime scelte metodologiche nel trattamento dei micro dati. L'analisi evidenzia come l'incremento del prezzo dei beni alimentari non solo induca una riduzione nel consumo medio di energia alimentare, ma inoltre, peggiori anche la distribuzione delle calorie, compromettendo ulteriormente le condizioni nutrizionali delle popolazioni. Emerge, inne, come l'accesso a terreni agricoli svolga un ruolo cruciale nell'assicurare un'adeguata alimentazione nelle aree rurali come pure, sorprendentemente, in quelle urbane. Estimating the Heterogeneous Eects of Aggregate Shocks on Caloric Adequacy: The Case of Hurricane Mitch in Nicaragua Gli esistenti studi di valutazione dell'impatto dell'uragano Mitch si sono n'ora focalizzati sugli eetti di breve e medio termine riscontrati su diversi aspetti sociali [la crescita del consumo delle famiglie (Premand, 2008), il benessere dei bambini (Baez & Santos, 2007), budget e scolarizzazione (Ureta, 2005)] attraverso l'analisi dei dati panel LSMS sulle famiglie nicaraguesi degli anni 1998, 1999 e 2001. Nel presente lavoro si analizzano gli eetti di piu lungo periodo, aggiungendo i dati relativi all'indagine del 2005 ai dati precedenti. Attraverso il metodo dierence-in-dierence, si sono indagati a distanza di 7 anni la persistenza degli eetti generati dall'uragano e della conseguente risposta umanitaria . Inoltre, andando oltre la semplice analisi dell'impatto medio, si e posta l'attenzione sull'eterogeneita degli eetti sulle famiglie. A tal ne, la stima dei Quantile Treatment Eects (QTE) e stata implementata sulla distribuzione della variabile d'interesse. Un ulteriore contributo apportato dal presente lavoro di ricerca e fornito dall'analisi dell'impatto dell'uragano su variabili intra-famigliari, avendo a disposizione solo variabili a livello di famiglia. La metodologia introdotta da Chesher (1997) viene qui estesa ad un set-up di valutazione dell'impatto, con l'obiettivo di stimare risultati specici per eta e sesso. L'obiettivo di tale approccio e anche 5 quello di far chiarezza sull'ecacia degli aiuti umanitari sul recupero del livello di benessere in essere prima dell'uragano. L'oggetto di interesse di questo capitolo e la nutrizione. Infatti, lo studio si pone l'obiettivo di stimare in modo dettagliato l'impatto avuto dall'uragano Mitch sull'adeguatezza del consumo calorico delle famiglie, intesa come rapporto tra il consumo di energia alimentare (chilocalorie) e il relativo fabbisogno minimo umano. La FAO e il principale produttore di studi ed analisi nazionali in materia di fame e sottonutrizione, riuscendo a coprire l'intero pianeta. La metodologia adottata ha il principale vantaggio di facilitare il confronto spazio-temporale tra paesi, ma ha anche la limitata capacita di identicare le cause dell'insicurezza alimentare all'interno dei paesi (FAO 2003, Barret 2010). La tendenza al rialzo dei prezzi, che ha caratterizzato numerosi beni di prima necessita tra il 2005 ed il 2008, ci ha spinto ad ampliare i principi della metodologia FAO, al ne di misurare l'impatto della crescita dei prezzi dei beni alimentari sulla sicurezza alimentare delle famiglie. L'obiettivo del presente capitolo e quello di fornire una descrizione dettagliata della metodologia applicata nei capitoli precedenti nella misurazione della sottonutrizione e, piu nello specico, dell'insucienza del consumo energetico, utilizzando le indagini sulle famiglie. Inoltre, il presente capitolo fornisce alcune linee guida utili per la misurazione della soglia del fabbisogno calorico specico per ogni famiglia, che sostituisca l'utilizzo di una soglia unica (generalmente, 2100 chilocalorie giornaliere per individuo). Lo sviluppo di un buon indicatore specico per famiglia sara estremamente utile anche nella conduzione di studi scientici solidi sulla valutazione dell'impatto dei programmi e delle politiche in materia di sicurezza alimentare nelle diverse aree del mondo.
Rising Food Prices and Undernourishment: A Cross-Country Inquiry Households' welfare in developing countries has been hit by dramatic food prices increases which occurred between 2005 and 2008. In this paper, we adopt a partial equilibrium approach to analyze the short-time eects of a staple food price increase on nutritional attainments, as a measure of welfare. The analysis consists of rst approximating complete food-demand systems and then performing household level micro-simulations. Instead of focusing on a single country prole, we provide a more complete snapshot through a cross-country assessment made possible by the use of nationally representative household surveys. Comparability is assured by the adoption of the same methodological choices in the treatment of the micro data. We nd that food price increase not only reduces the mean consumption of dietary energy, but also worsen the distribution of food calories, further deteriorating the nutritional status of populations. We also discovered that access to agricultural land plays a big role in assuring adequate nutritional attainments in rural areas, and surprisingly, even in urban areas. Keywords: Food prices, food policy, calories intake, demand system, household surveys, cross-country analysis Estimating the Heterogeneous Eects of Aggregate Shocks on Caloric Adequacy: The Case of Hurricane Mitch in Nicaragua Previous evaluation studies on the impact of the hurricane Mitch were focused on the short and medium-term average eects on dierent welfare outcomes [household consumption growth (Premand, 2008), child's wellbeing (Baez and Santos, 2007), household budget and schooling (Ureta, 2005)] using 1998, 1999 and 2001 LSMS panel data on Nicaraguan households. In this study, longer term eects are analyzed by adding the 2005 survey to the well-known dataset. We investigate through the dierence-in-dierence methodology if the eects of the hurricane and of the humanitarian response persist on average 7 years after. Additionally, we go beyond the standard average impact by focusing on the heterogeneity of the impact across households. For this purpose, the quantile treatment eect (QTE) estimation is implemented over the outcome distribution. Another contribution of this research is the analysis of the hurricane's impact on intra-household outcomes when only household-level data are available. The methodology introduced by Chesher (1997) is extended to the impact evaluation set-up in order to estimate age-gender specic outcomes. The scope of this methodology is also to shed some light on the short- and longer-term eectiveness of humanitarian response on the welfare levels. This chapter also focuses on nutritional attainment as the outcome of interest. In fact, the study aims to estimate in a comprehensive manner the impact of the hurricane Mitch on household caloric adequacy, which is dened as the ratio between the dietary energy consumption (caloric intake) and the minimum human requirements. Measuring Dietary Energy Deciency at the Household Level: A Methodological Note on the Micro-Analysis of Undernourishment FAO is the main provider of country-level estimates of undernourishment covering the whole world. Its methodology has the main advantage of facilitating comparisons across countries and over time, but also has a limited capacity to understand the causes of food insecurity within countries (FAO, 2003; Barret, 2010). The upward trends in global food prices, concerning many staple commodities between 2005 and 2008, stimulated us to extend the principles of the FAO methodology in order to assess the impact of rising food prices on household-level food security. The objective of this methodological chapter is to provide a detailed description of the methodology applied in the previous chapters for measuring undernourishment, and more specically dietary energy deciency at the household level. Additionally, this chapter provides some guidelines to construct household specic dietary energy requirements, instead of using a single threshold (generally, 2100 kilocalories per person per day) for all households. Constructing a good household-level indicator will also be useful to conduct scientically solid impact evaluations on food security programmes and policies in dierent areas of the world.
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Burgess, Heather Rachel. "Integral Projection Models and analysis of patch dynamics of the reef building coral Monstastraea annularis". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3503.

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Over the past 40 years, coral cover has reduced by as much as 80%. At the same time, Coral Reefs are coming under increasing threat from hurricanes, as climate change is expected to increase the intensity of hurricanes. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to understand the effect of hurricanes on a coral population. This Thesis focuses on the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis. This species once dominated Caribbean Coral Reefs, but is fast being replaced by faster growing more opportunistic species. It is important that the underlying dynamics of the decline is understood, if managers stand any chance of reversing this decline. The aim of this Thesis is to investigate the effect of hurricane activity on the dynamics of the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis. To achieve this the Integral Projection Model (IPM) method was adopted and the results compared to those produced using the more traditional method of Population Projection Matrix (PPM) method. The models were fitted using census data from June 1998 to January 2003, which described the area of individual coral patches on a sample of ramets on Glovers Reef, Belize. Glovers Reef is a marine reserve that lies 30km off the coast of Belize and 15km east of the main barrier reef. Three hurricanes struck Glovers Reef during the study: Hurricane Mitch (October 1998), Hurricane Keith (September 2000) and Hurricane Iris (October 2001). The data have been divided by two different methods in order to test two research questions, firstly if the initial trauma following a hurricane affects the long term dynamics of a population and, secondly, if the dynamics exhibited during a hurricane varied with hurricane strength. In this Thesis five main results are shown: 1. All models for all divisions of data are in long term decline. 2. As initial trauma increased, the long term growth rates decreased, conversely the short term extremes increased. 3. Fragmentation is more likely as patch size increased and more likely under stronger hurricanes. 4. Integral Projection Modelling painted a similar picture to Population Projection Matrix models and should be a preferred method of analysis.5. Interaction of the IPMs can be used to model the changing occurrence of hurricanes under climate change. It is shown that with increased intensity, the population could become extinct 6.3 years sooner. This research is the first step in modelling coral patch populations by the IPM method. It suggests possible functional forms and compares the results with the PPM method. Further research is required into the biological functions which drive fragmentation, the method by which large patches divide into groups of smaller patches. The conclusions from this Thesis add to the growing body of knowledge concerning the response of coral species to hurricanes, focusing on the importance of understanding patch dynamics, in order to understand colonial dynamics.
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Hunter, Ashley J. "The Ripple Effect". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/1.

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In 2006, Steven Oakley, an eighteen-year-old high school senior from Pennsylvania, is bribed by his father to go on a volunteer trip to hurricane-ravaged New Orleans, Louisiana. During his time, he meets a broken family whose experiences change Steven’s perspective on his own privileged life.
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Rains, Bradley Jacob. "Effect of Barrier Height on Magnitude and Character of Hurricane Harvey Washover Fans, Matagorda Peninsula, TX". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707228/.

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This study uses topographic profiles, washover fan volumes, and shoreline retreat rates to explore relationships between barrier types and Hurricane Harvey storm washover sedimentation. Pre- and post-Hurricane Harvey topographic profiles were created on 15 transects using Bare Earth LiDAR (2016) and surveyed elevations (2019). Depth and area of washover fan measurements were collected to estimate washover fan volumes. An inverse relationship was found between washover fan volume and pre- and post-storm barrier heights. Based on the topographic profiles, one section of shoreline had a scarp up to 3m high which blocked overwash, but appears to have increased shoreline erosion. In contrast, a low-lying section of shoreline generated relatively large washover fans, but experienced less shoreline retreat. Shoreline retreat was further quantified between 2014 and 2019 using Google Earth Imagery from 2014, 2016, 2017, and 2019 to track migration of the shoreline. The entire shoreline in the study area is undergoing relatively rapid retreat, but the results suggest that Hurricane Harvey increased erosional rates. The Colorado River Jetty borders the study area and may have acted as an anthropogenic barrier, likely reducing storm surge energy and contributing to marsh aggradation on transects in its close proximity. The study findings indicate that the identification and incorporation of other variables that influence washover magnitude would further the understanding of this complex natural system. The research results provide valuable information on the interaction of hurricane storm surge with natural and anthropogenic barriers, beach and dune erosion, and marsh aggradation along the coast of Texas.
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Hyde, James Tupper. "Avoiding the Windshield Wiper Effect: A Survey of Operational Meteorologists on the Uncertainty in Hurricane Track Forecasts and Communication". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28663.

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The first line of defense for the threat of an oncoming hurricane are meteorologists. From their guidance, warnings are drafted and evacuation plans are made ready. This study explores uncertainty that operational meteorologists encounter with hurricane prediction, and more importantly, how meteorologists translate the uncertainty for the public. The study is based on a web survey of individual meteorologists, in cooperation with the National Weather Association (NWA). The survey received 254 responses with an estimated 18% response rate. Specifically, the study focuses on three key areas: displaying uncertainty in hurricane track forecasts, perceived relationships between the public and the media and message characteristics on various platforms (e.g., television, web, and social media), and reliance on numerical weather prediction in the forecasting process. Results show that tracking graphics are varied between their use and usefulness and meteorologists think that they have a bigger role in information dissemination than previously thought.
National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant CMMI1520338
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Książki na temat "Effect of Hurricane Mitch"

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., red. Analysis of the medium-term effects of Hurricane Mitch on food security in Central America. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001.

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El Mitch y yo. [Honduras: s.n.], 2001.

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NicaSalud, Red. Report, Hurricane Mitch reconstruction phase, 1999-2001. Managua: Red NicaSalud, 2002.

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Washington Office on Latin America, red. Democratizing development: Lessons from Hurricane Mitch reconstruction. Washington, DC: Washington Office on Latin America, 2002.

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Trueman, Terry. Hurricane: A novel. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

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Vargas, Oscar-René. Nicaragua: Después del Mitch...que? Managua: Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Nacional de Nicaragua, 1999.

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T, Angel Ibarra. La tormenta tropical Mitch en El Salvador: Valoraciones socio ambientales del desastre. [El Salvador?]: Ediciones Heinrich Böll, 1999.

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Un ángel atrapado en el huracán. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Tropicornio de Centroamérica, 2002.

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Centro de Procesamiento de Información Nacional (Honduras). Información específica por departamento y municipio. Tegucigalpa, MDC]: El Centro, 1998.

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Smith, Mark E. Hurricane Mitch : peak discharge for selected river reaches in Honduras. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 2002.

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Części książek na temat "Effect of Hurricane Mitch"

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Hirota, Kiyoharu, i Shizuka Kamiya. "Re-evaluation of Landslide Caused by Hurricane Mitch 1998, Tegucigalpa Honduras". W Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment, 393–400. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_60.

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Hoskins, Andrew, i Ben O’Loughlin. "Hurricane Katrina and the Failure of the ‘CNN Effect’". W Television and Terror, 53–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230592810_3.

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Hutt, D., J. Osler i D. Ellis. "Effect of Hurricane Michael on the Underwater Acoustic Environment of the Scotian Shelf". W Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability of Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance, 27–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0626-2_4.

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Ensor, Bradley E., i Marisa Olivo Ensor. "Hurricane Mitch:". W The Legacy of Hurricane Mitch, 22–46. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2jhjw82.7.

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Oliver-Smith, Anthony. "Understanding Hurricane Mitch:". W The Legacy of Hurricane Mitch, 1–21. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2jhjw82.6.

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Montz, Burrell E., i John A. Cross. "Hazards". W Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0042.

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In August of 1992, Hurricane Andrew battered south-eastern Florida, causing fifty-eight deaths, and more than $27 billion in property losses (National Climatic Data Center 1999). The following year, widespread flooding occurred within the Upper Mississippi River basin, inundating 5.3 million hectares during the worst flood to affect much of the region in this century. The Northridge earthquake (magnitude 6.7) led to sixty-one deaths and more than $20 billion in property damage and loss in 1994. A year later, Kobe, Japan, experienced a magnitude 6.9 earthquake. Despite massive efforts to prepare for such events, more than 6,000 lives were lost, and $150–200 billion in property damage was experienced. In 1998, Hurricane Mitch devastated Honduras, Nicaragua, and other parts of Central America. More than 5,600 people died in Honduras alone and approximately 70,000 homes were damaged. In Nicaragua, more than 850,000 people were affected, with approximately 2,860 deaths. Estimates of losses in agriculture, housing, transportation and other infrastructure are in excess of $1.3 billion dollars (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 1998). These are just a few, albeit particularly devastating, events that continued to focus our attention in the 1990s on hazards and disasters. The widespread news media coverage of these disaster events provided a backdrop for fictional portrayals as Hollywood rediscovered the disaster movie genre. With enhanced special effects and big-named stars, popular films such as Twister, Volcano, Dante’s Peak, Armageddon, Deep Impact, Titanic, and A Civil Action added a different slant to the media coverage of disasters and the public’s perception of hazards throughout the decade. The public’s interest and fascination in actual disasters also propelled several books to the bestseller list (Barry 1997; Junger 1997; Larson 1999). Both the fictional representations and the consequences of real disasters illustrate the shift in our understanding of the forces at work in such events. Some of the damage in Hurricane Andrew, for example, is attributed to inadequate enforcement of building standards. In Kobe, structures engineered to withstand seismic activity failed, prompting concern about just how safe infrastructure is in tectonically active areas. And Hurricane Mitch’s devastating toll cannot be explained solely by the storm. Decades of land abuse and a combination of social, political, and economic factors combined with the storm to cause the severe losses.
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Ensor, Marisa Olivo, Bradley E. Ensor, Vilma Elisa Fuentes i Roberto E. Barrios. "The Legacy of Mitch:". W The Legacy of Hurricane Mitch, 184–214. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2jhjw82.13.

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Emanuel, Kerry. "Rain". W Divine Wind, 182–92. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195149418.003.0024.

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Abstract Hurricanes are usually thought of primarily as wind storms. Virtually all metaphorical use of the word hurricane in literary works evokes violent wind. Yet some of the worst tropical cyclone catastrophes are caused not by winds but by torrential rain. Curiously, some of the most devastating floods are produced by tropical cyclones of sub-hurricane strength. A recent and especially tragic example is that of Hurricane Mitch of 1998, the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since the Great Hurricane of 1780 (Chapter 11). Floods produced by Mitch killed more than 11,000 people in Central America, and the president of Honduras declared that Mitch destroyed 50 years of progress in that country. Mitch developed as a rare Category 5 hurricane in the central Caribbean, with sustained winds in excess of 175 mph. It drifted slowly southward over Honduras and neighboring countries, producing rainfall rates of 1 to 2 ft per day and precipitation totals of as much as 75 in. The resulting floods and mud slides virtually destroyed the entire infrastructure of Honduras and devastated parts of Nicaragua, Guatemala, Belize, and El Salvador. Whole villages together with their inhabitants were swept away by the resulting flash floods and mudflows.
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Winograd, Manuel. "From Natural Events to “Natural” Disasters:". W The Legacy of Hurricane Mitch, 47–66. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2jhjw82.8.

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"About the Contributors". W The Legacy of Hurricane Mitch, 215–16. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2jhjw82.14.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Effect of Hurricane Mitch"

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Mlakar, Paul F., Gerardo I. Velazquez, Phil G. Combs i Stephen R. Collinsworth. "Bridge Performance in Hurricane Mitch". W Second Forensic Engineering Congress. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)27.

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Nezry, Edmond, Francis Yakam-Simen, Paul P. Romeijn, Iwan Supit i Philippe Bally. "Assessment of "Mitch" hurricane damages in Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador using ERS and SPOT images". W Europto Remote Sensing, redaktorzy Manfred Owe, Guido D'Urso i Eugenio Zilioli. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.413932.

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Tsei, Senam, Stephan Howden, Arne Diercks, Jun Zhang, Travis Miles i Kevin Martin. "An Examination of Salinity Effect on Hurricane Sally (2020)". W OCEANS 2023 - MTS/IEEE U.S. Gulf Coast. IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans52994.2023.10337137.

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Guillot, Martin J. "Effect of storm size on predicted hurricane storm surge in southeast Louisiana". W OCEANS 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2009.5422367.

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Edwards, Rebecca Paulsen, i John L. Schroeder. "The Effect of Averaging Duration on Differences Observed between Gust Factors from Tropical and Extratropical Winds". W ATC & SEI Conference on Advances in Hurricane Engineering 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412626.080.

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Maymandi, Nahal, i Michelle A. Hummel. "Effect of Sea-Level Rise on Hurricane-Induced Compound Flooding and Economic Damages". W World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2024. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784485477.006.

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Gu, Xianglin, Yaoyao Zhang i Qianqian Yu. "Concurrent Probability of Earthquake and Hurricane". W IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2248.

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<p>Infrastructures are inevitably affected by multiple hazards during their service lives. Extreme loads, although occurring in a low frequency, may lead to catastrophic accidents and significant socioeconomic losses. Currently, research work on multi-hazards can be categorized into three groups: (1) joint hazards analysis, (2) physical vulnerability of a structure, and (3) damage analysis of a structure. However, the risk analysis of a structure is usually conducted to assume that the effect of multiple hazards on the structure is the superposition of effects caused by different kinds of hazards, and the interaction of hazards on structural effects is not considered. This paper proposed a theoretical evaluation method for concurrent probability of earthquake and hurricane, which is the basis for multi-hazard analysis of structures. The theoretical solution was validated to be reasonable by the numerical results from Monte Carlo method.</p>
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Yin, Ling Ling, King Him Lo i Su Su Wang. "Effect of Pile-Soil Interaction on Structural Dynamics of Large MW Scale Offshore Wind Turbines in Shallow-Water Western GOM". W ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42320.

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The effect of pile-soil interaction on structural dynamics is investigated for a large offshore wind turbine in the hurricane-prone Western Gulf of Mexico (GOM) shallow water. The offshore wind turbine has a rotor with three 100-meter blades and a mono-tower structure. Loads on the turbine rotor and the support structure subject to a 100-year return hurricane are determined. Several types of soil are considered and modeled with a distributed spring system. The results reveal that pile-soil interaction affects dynamics of the turbine support structure significantly, but not the wind rotor dynamics. Designed with proper pile lengths, natural frequencies of the turbine structure in different soils stay outside dominant frequencies of wave energy spectra in both normal operating and hurricane sea states, but stay between blade passing frequency intervals. Hence potential resonance of the turbine support structure is not of concern. A comprehensive Campbell diagram is constructed for safe operation of the offshore turbine in different soils.
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van Dijk, Radboud R. T., Arjan Voogt, Paul Fourchy i Saadat Mirza. "The Effect of Mooring System and Sheared Currents on Vortex Induced Motions of Truss Spars". W ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37151.

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Since 1996 Spars have been used as production platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Spar Vortex Induced Motions (VIM) in strong currents like the hurricane and loop currents are an important consideration for the design of the mooring system and risers. This is important for the extreme offsets as well as fatigue in risers and the mooring system. This paper compares the VIM behavior of a truss Spar in sheared currents, like the Hurricane current in the Gulf of Mexico, with tow test results. Experiments have been carried out on a scaled model in both a complete mooring system and in a towing set-up with a simplified horizontal mooring. The Spar model consists of a hard tank with removable helical strakes, a truss section and a square soft tank. The results of this model test program show that both the choice of the mooring system and current profile have a significant influence on the VIM response of the Spar. The paper discusses the results of this research and also addresses important issues and considerations for VIM model tests.
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Siaka, Ghalib, i Ning Zhang. "CFD Simulation of Hurricane Force Wind and Its Impacts on Residential Buildings". W ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87027.

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Abstract The landfall of hurricane Laura and Delta during the 2020 hurricane season cost the Southwest Louisiana Area (SWLA) $19 billion and $2.9 billion in damage respectively. Since then, the need to use computational fluid dynamics to study hurricane effects on buildings to reduce damage costs is more alarming. In this research, common residential building designs will be put under different levels of hurricane size winds and barometric pressure conditions from different directions through CFD simulations. The effect of the roof shape, size, and placement on the pressure, shear stress, and eddies acting on the roof will be studied since they are the major causes of roof damage on a building during a hurricane. The objective of this research is to identify the areas of a building’s roof most vulnerable to damage during a hurricane, to ensure reinforcements to prevent future damage. Higher category hurricanes are more likely to cause roof damage due to the lower barometric pressure and higher Reynold’s number characteristics the possess. In the CFD simulation, a Steady and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model will be used. Also, a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model will be used to study the flow structure in the domain.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Effect of Hurricane Mitch"

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Vega, Gabriela, Mauricio Bertrand, Ginya Truitt Nakata, Anne-Marie Urban i Mayra Buvinic. Hurricane Mitch: Women's Needs and Contributions. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008902.

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This report examines evidence from post-Mitch Central America and disasters in other parts of the world to identify the ways disasters affect women and to highlight women's participation in prevention, relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction efforts. This report is based on background papers prepared on the effects of Mitch and past disasters on women, and inputs from a technical meeting with government and NGO representatives of the four countries directly affected by Mitch -El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua- and Costa Rica, which suffered indirect impacts. The report was prepared for and presented at the meeting of the Consultative Group for the Reconstruction and Transformation of Central America which took place in Stockholm, Sweden on May 25th-27th, 1999.
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Kugler, Adriana, i Mutlu Yuksel. Effects of Low-Skilled Immigration on U.S. Natives: Evidence from Hurricane Mitch. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, sierpień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14293.

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Hebdon, F. J. Effect of Hurricane Andrew on the Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station from August 20--30, 1992. [Final report]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10158520.

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Zou, Xiaolei, Qingnong Xiao, Alan E. Lipton i George D. Modica. A Numerical Study of the Effect of GOES Sounder Cloud-Cleared Brightness Temperatures on the Prediction of Hurricane Felix. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, czerwiec 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370830.

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Chambers, Katherine, Joshua Murphy i Kathryn McIntosh. 2017 hurricane season : recommendations for a resilient path forward for the Marine Transportation System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41285.

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In October 2017, the Coordinating Board of the US Committee on the Marine Transportation System tasked the MTS Resilience Integrated Action Team to identify the impacts, best practices, and lessons learned by federal agencies during the 2017 hurricane season. The RIAT studied the resiliency of the MTS by targeting its ability to prepare, respond, recover, and adapt to and from disruptions by turning to the collective knowledge of its members. Utilizing interagency data calls and a targeted workshop, the RIAT gauged the disruptive effect of the 2017 hurricane season and how Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria affected the operating status of at least 45 US ports across three major regions. This report identifies recommendations to better understand how the MTS can prepare for future storms and identifies activities by federal agencies that are contributing towards resilience. Such actions include hosting early pre-storm preparedness meetings, prioritizing communication between agencies and information distribution, and maintaining or updating existing response plans. Recommendations also target challenges experienced such as telecommunication and prioritization assistance to ports and critical infrastructure. Finally, the report offers opportunities to minimize the impacts experienced from storms and other disruptions to enhance the resilience of the MTS and supporting infrastructure.
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McGee, Steven, Randi Mcgee-Tekula i Noelia Baez Rodriguez. Using the Science of Hurricane Resilience to Foster the Development of Student Understanding and Appreciation for Science in Puerto Rico. The Learning Partnership, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/conf.2022.1.

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For school age children on the island of Puerto Rico, the back-to-back hurricane strikes of Irma and Maria were their first experience with the tragedy of hurricanes in Puerto Rico. There is much concern in the general public about the ability of the Puerto Rican forests, like El Yunque, to recover. These concerns reveal common misconceptions about the dynamics of forest ecosystems. The focus of this research is Journey to El Yunque, a middle school curriculum unit that engages students in evidence-based modeling of hurricane disturbance using long-term data about population dynamics after Hurricane Hugo. Research was guided by the following research question: How does engagement in the science of disturbance ecology impact students’ understanding of and appreciation for ecosystems dynamics? Students completed pre and post assessment understanding of ecosystems dynamics and rated the teacher implementation using the Inquiry-Based Science Teaching survey. Based on a paired t-test, students statistically increased their performance from pretest to posttest with an effect size of 0.22. At the teacher level, the Inquiry-Based Instruction score was a statistically significant predictor of the posttest performance. In other words, these results provide evidence that engaging students in the practices of ecology predicted increased understanding of population dynamics.
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Arkema, Katie, Allison Bailey, Roberto Guerrero Compeán, Pelayo Menéndez Fernandez i Borja Reguero. Modeling Tropical Cyclone Risk While Accounting for Climate Change and Natural Infrastructure in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, lipiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004966.

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This chapter describes tools and a methodology to model wind and flood risks from tropical storms under present and future climate accounting for natural infrastructure. Wind forcing provide a crucial link to hydrodynamic models that can be used in risk assessments to estimate extent of and damages from flooding and erosion. Further, such flood risk models can then include the effects of ecosystems, such as mangroves, to model the effects on risk of conservation and restoration outcomes but also individual nature-based projects to reduce risks. The chapter describes hazard modeling techniques and presents simple applications to (1) assess the effect of climate change in the Caribbean, by estimating wind fields for tropical cyclones for present and future climate scenarios, (2) address the limited observations in hurricane data by using existing tools to derive synthetic storms and readily use them in coastal models, and (3) compare modeling approaches and datasets to provide recommendations for assessing flood attenuation of mangroves. The results and data developed in these applications is available with this chapter to be used in other local applications, or to infer damages from wind or in flood hazard models.
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Hurricane Mitch: Peak Discharge for Selected River Reachesin Honduras. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri20014266.

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Flood-hazard mapping in Honduras in response to Hurricane Mitch. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri014277.

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Conflict Management and Consensus Building for Integrated Coastal Management in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008804.

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This paper provides a summary of conflict management issues and options in the challenging cultural, ecological, economic and social context of Latin America and the Caribbean. Dealing with conflicts is one of the greatest challenge facing integrated coastal management because most of these systems involve not only property rights, fishing rights, and use rights, but they also usually involve common property resources as well. This study argues that conflict management, starting with a careful analysis of potential conflicts in the early stages of project preparation, should become an explicit component of integrated coastal management. Case studies for the Bay Islands in Honduras, the Gulf of Fonseca, and the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua (Pearl Lagoon area), all areas affected by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, are presented.
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