Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / ECOWARE

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „ECOWARE”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "ECOWARE"

Kim, In-sook, Ji-hee Yang i Sang Seub Lee. "A Study on the Revitalization of Lifelong Learning City after the COVID-19 Endemic". Korea Association of Education Consulting and Coaching 7, nr 2 (30.06.2023): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31137/ecc.2023.7.2.63.

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The purpose of this study is to present measures to revitalize lifelong learning cities through analysis of the status of lifelong learning cities after the COVID-19 pandemic. The result of study are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the basic status of lifelong learning cities, comprehensive development plans and mid- to long-term development plans were operated systematically, but global governance and network construction were analyzed to be insufficient. Second, as a result of analyzing the operation status of lifelong learning cities, various online and offline programs were operated centering on insufficient human resources. Third, this is the analysis of the response status of COVID-19. The need for online and offline educational infrastructure (space, people, programs, etc.) was emphasized. The plan to revitalize the lifelong learning city after the pandemic, which combines the results of the above research, is as follows. First, we need to establish a macro post-corona response strategy that takes into account all aspects of hardware, software, humanware, and ecoware. Second, we need to create a hybrid lifelong education learning sharing space where informal, informal, and accidental learning experiences can occur online and offline. Third, we need to establish a network and spread best practices for the advancement of a sustainable global lifelong learning city led by local governments. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for revitalizing lifelong education in lifelong learning cities after the pandemic.

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Varela, Danilson, Filipa Monteiro, Patrícia Vidigal, Luís Silva i Maria M. Romeiras. "Mechanisms Implemented for the Sustainable Development of Agriculture: An Overview of Cabo Verde Performance". Sustainability 12, nr 14 (21.07.2020): 5855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145855.

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In 2005, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) adopted the Common Agricultural Policy of ECOWAS (ECOWAP), as an instrument for implementing the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP). The main goals of ECOWAP/CAADP were set to promote agriculture development and end hunger by 2025. In this study we focused on the Cabo Verde archipelago as one of the best performing countries within ECOWAS in terms of overall sustainable development. In this paper, the evolution of the ECOWAP implementation and of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) associated with agriculture in Cabo Verde, were assessed by semi-quantitative (e.g., agricultural policies, agrarian periodical literature) and quantitative (modeling regression of ECOWAP implementation and Sustainable Development Goals—SDGs—performance) analyses. Our integrated results suggest that the agriculture development strategies, the signature of ECOWAP/CAADP by the national government, and political stability might explain the progress made towards poverty reduction and the improvement of food security. The results also show that agriculture-related SDGs in Cabo Verde are higher than the mean values obtained from the remaining West African countries, well above the top 25% WA countries. Nevertheless, Cabo Verde public expenditure into agriculture under the ECOWAP was generally below the targeted 10% of the national budget, with food import required to meet internal food demands.

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Joshua, Segun, Thaddeus T. Ityonzughul i Gloria Obioma Amoke. "Ecowas and the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia". Kampala International University Interdisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, nr 3 (9.12.2020): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kijhus-2020-1-3-04.

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This study explores the role of ECOWA in the management of the post-2016 presidential electoral conflict in Gambia. The 2016 election was surprisingly won by the leader of an opposition coalition; Adama Barrow. Barrow defeated Yayha Jammeh, who had already won consecutively four previous presidential elections. This marked the terminal point of Jammeh’s 20-years rule of Gambia, marred with human rights abuses. Jammeh initially conceded defeat but later changed his mind after a week, thus triggering a major political conflict. For months, he made incessant desperate attempts to cling to power, before finally leaving the country on 21 January 2017, when it appeared he would be removed by force. Indeed, different stakeholders including the ECOWAS played a vital role for ensuring peace in Gambia. In this connection, this study discusses exclusively the roles of ECOWAS in mitigating the conflict under consideration. With extant literature and oral sources backed with the realist conflict theory, the paper traces the historical foundations of the ECOWAS and electoral conflict in Gambia. It emphasizes the roles the organization has played in mitigating the post-2016 electoral conflict in the Country. The study reveals that ECOWAS was able to restore civil rule and peace in the country by threatening the use of force. ECOWAS enjoyed the support of both African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN). The two organizations gave ECOWAS the much needed support. This conflict resolution in the Gambia was termed the African solution to African problems. Hence this study recommends among others that ECOWAS should continue to act as the regional defender because the numerous conflicts in the region are indeed African problems and should therefore be tackled by Africans themselves.

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Olure Bank Adeyinka, Ayodeji Salihu, John Aiyedogbon i Gbadebo Salako. "Intra-manufacturing export performance among ecowas member state". Journal of Management and Science 13, nr 1 (31.03.2023): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.13.2.

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The study examined role economic integration and trade facilitation in promoting manufacturing export among ECOWAS member states The objectives of the study were achieved using descriptive, statistical and econometric analyses of annual data covering the period 2015 – 2020. The descriptive analysis helped in assessing the level of economic integration among ECOWAS member states. The econometric analyses were use examine the effect of economic integration on trade facilitation as well as the role of trade facilitation and economic integration in promoting manufacturing exports among ECOWAS member states. The findings reveal the level of trade facilitation in ECOWAS is below world average. That is ECOWAS member states has higher bureaucratic processes with greater costs of exporting/importing. Furthermore, results from econometric analyses reveal economic integration can significantly help in promoting manufacturing exports among ECOWAS member states. Again, economic integration and trade facilitation can significantly influence manufacturing exports across ECOWAS member states, while manufacturing production had direct and significant impact on manufacturing exports. Some policy recommendations that would help to facilitate trade flow to improve manufacturing exports across ECOWAS member states were recommended.

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Nwali, Collins Sunday, Oguntade Adegboyega Eyitayo, Mafimisebi Taiwo Ejiola i Obisesan Adekemi Adebisola. "Effects of Economic Partnership Agreements Between Ecowas and the EU on Trade, Revenue and Welfare of Agricultural Trade of Ecowas Bloc". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, nr 4 (5.05.2022): 642–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i4.642-656.4720.

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This study examined the Effects of Economic Partnership Agreements between ECOWAS and the EU on Trade, Revenue and Welfare of Agricultural trade of ECOWAS bloc. The specific objectives of the study were to:(i) estimate the potential trade creation and diversion effects of EPA on agricultural trade of ECOWAS bloc, (ii) estimate the potential revenue effects of EPA on agricultural trade of ECOWAS bloc and (iii) estimate the potential welfare effects of EPA on agricultural trade of ECOWAS bloc. World Integrated Trade Solutions provided access to an online secondary data as classified by United Nations Harmonized system. The result on the potential trade creation and diversion effects of EPA on both trading blocs showed that ECOWAS will gain US$198.9million in trade creation and lose US$58.4 million in Trade Diversion. On the other hand, there will be no trade creation for EU with negligible trade diversion of – US$0.2million. The result showed total potential tariff revenue losses of US$366.4million for ECOWAS bloc post EPA. On the other hand, EU will lose (US$951.8million) its agricultural products post EPA. The result further showed potential welfare gain of US$27.6million for consumers of ECOWAS bloc. On the other hand, there will be welfare gain of the EU at US$243.5million for their consumers post EPA. Among all the recommendations, the study therefore points out that the on-going EPA negotiations between ECOWAS and the EU need not to be hurriedly signed by ECOWAS bloc. Also, ECOWAS needs to strengthen its agricultural production efficiency to be able to compete globally and encourage its individual countries to return to a single digit borrowing interest rate to encourage more investment by local agricultural producers if they want to enjoy the benefits of trade treaties at long run if EPA is eventually signed.

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Ibrahim, Kehinde. "The Puzzling Paradox Presented within the African Supranational Judicial Institutions: The ECOWAS Court of Justice". African Journal of International and Comparative Law 28, Supplement (listopad 2020): 86–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2020.0333.

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The judgments of the ECOWAS Court, which are final and immediately binding, are vital for the realisation of ECOWAS aims and objectives. The enforcement of its judgments is particularly important in the case of individuals whose enjoyment of fundamental human rights, as guaranteed under the ECOWAS Community laws, is dependent on effective enforcement. Yet, an existential puzzling paradox emanates through a poor record in the implementation of the ECOWAS Court's judgments. This problem, which is not limited to the West African region deserves scrutiny and concrete proposals. Legal and political considerations surface in assessing the existence of this paradox, and despite the lack of a consistent political will, to implement the decisions of ECOWAS Court relevant judicial actors have roles to play. National courts could take a bolder approach in complementing the work of the ECOWAS Court. The ECOWAS Court itself could put in place concrete mechanisms and adopt certain practices to address this poor record of non-implementation. It is yet to be seen how substantive mechanisms would work in practice.

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Dada, Eme A., i Adegoke I. Adeleke. "An Empirical Analysis of Integration and Intra-Regional Trade in ECOWAS". Journal of African Development 17, nr 1 (1.04.2015): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.17.1.0095.

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This study examines integration and intra-regional trade in ECOWAS. It focuses on the benefit of common policies within ECOWAS and their implications for intra-regional trade among member countries. The study utilizes a gravity model that is modified to reflect economic features of ECOWAS. Findings of the research show that economic size and common language are the major drivers of intra-regional trade in ECOWAS. Specifically, it indicates that real GDP, population size, openness and language positively influence intra-regional trade while distance was found to be negatively related to intra-ECOWAS trade. Deepening economic and cultural integration is recommended to maximize the enormous gains accruable from increased intra-regional trade.

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Chuma-Okoro, Helen. "The Nigerian Constitution, the ecowas Treaty and the Judiciary: Interplay of Roles in the Constitutionalisation of Free Trade". Global Journal of Comparative Law 4, nr 1 (17.04.2015): 43–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00401002.

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This paper discusses the Nigerian Constitution and the ecowas Treaty to determine whether and how they support free trade as envisioned in the Treaty, and the role of the judiciary in the realisation of this objective. Focusing on the ecowas Community Court and Nigerian superior courts vested with jurisdiction over constitutional matters, it argues that specific constitutional norms and policies of Nigeria inhibit the realisation of the objectives of free trade as constitutionalised in the ecowas Treaty. Relying on the principles of direct applicability and direct effect, and the arguments developed around these principles in relation to the obligations of State parties to treaties, it argues further that Community law should be applicable in national jurisdictions and enforced by national courts. Thus, Nigerian courts and the ecowas Community Court both have jurisdiction to arbitrate matters arising from national laws and policies having the effect of inhibiting the ecowas objectives of free trade. It concludes that while the ecowas and Nigerian frameworks support the interplay of roles in the adjudication and enforcement of ecowas norms, this would depend on the extent to which some of the constitutional and policy constraints in question are addressed.

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OKON, Enoch Ndem. "MALI: ECOWAS RESPONSES TO THE CONFLICT IN MALI (2012-2021)". Conflict Studies Quarterly, nr 37 (5.10.2021): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.37.3.

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"This paper highlights the Economic Community of West African States [ECOWAS] mode of response to the Malian conflict between 2012 and 2021 and identifies various gaps therein. It seeks to explain why ECOWAS has found it difficult to resolve the Malian conflict in spite of its commitment and experience in conflict resolution in the subregion. Secondary data are used for the study and presented qualitatively. The study reveals that the towering interest of Algeria and other neighbors in the chaotic northern Mali, as well as French interest in its former colony hindered ECOWAS initiative and its effectiveness in resolving the conflict. The paper recommends ECOWAS’ involvement in negotiations at the next peace agreement, and the drawing up of a roadmap for implementing such agreement. Besides, ECOWAS needs to address governance deficits in Mali and elsewhere in the subregion through peer review mechanism and increase its capacity to respond to violent conflicts beyond microstates and Anglophone enclaves in the region. Keywords: ECOWAS, Malian conflict, military coup, Tuareg, Jihad."

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Mati, Sagiru, Irfan Civcir i Hüseyin Ozdeser. "ECOWAS COMMON CURRENCY: HOW PREPARED ARE ITS MEMBERS?" Investigación Económica 78, nr 308 (17.05.2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fe.01851667p.2019.308.69625.

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ABSTRACTThis study operationalizes the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) to investigate the preparedness of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) members to form a Monetary Union (MU). Inflation and output models are estimated, with the sample 1988:01 to 2017:12 for the former and 1967 to 2016 for the latter. Analyses of ECOWAS convergence criteria, impulse responses, variance decompositions and correlations of shocks of these two models, reveal that the shocks across the ECOWAS members are asymmetric. The conclusion is that ECOWAS members as a whole are not well-prepared and therefore a full-fledged pan-ECOWAS MU is not advisable. It is also found that members of the European Monetary Union (EMU) tend to be a better fit for OCA than the ECOWAS members. The study recommends various courses of action such as fostering coordination among Central Banks of ECOWAS members, and providing a fund to serve as an incentive for countries that may incur cost rather than benefit if the single currency is created. LA MONEDA COMÚN DE LA ECOWAS: ¿CUÁN PREPARADOS ESTÁN SUS MIEMBROS?RESUMENUtilizamos el Área Monetaria Óptima (AMO) para indagar cuán preparados están los miembros de la Comunidad Económica de Estados de África Occidental (ECOWAS, Economic Community of West African States) para formar una Unión Monetaria (UM). Estimamos modelos de inflación y producto con datos de 1988:01-2017 y 1967-2016 respectivamente. Los análisis de criterios de convergencia, impulso-respuesta, descomposición de varianza y correlación de choques de estos modelos revelan que los choques entre estos países son asimétricos. Concluimos que estos países no están bien preparados y, por tanto, una UM pan-ECOWAS no es aconsejable. Además, los integrantes de la Unión Monetaria Europea (UME) tienden a satisfacer mejor una AMO que los de ECOWAS. Nuestro análisis recomienda fortalecer la coordinación entre los bancos centrales de la ECOWAS y un fondo que incentive a los países que incurran en costos en lugar de beneficios si se crea la moneda única.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "ECOWARE"

Gomero, Rodríguez Yuliana Nataly, Falcón Jennifer Jiménez, Canales Charly Linares i Zea Gilberto Santillán. "Ecowash". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624456.

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El presente emprendimiento empresarial, ha identificado que la problemática radica en la ausencia de cultura del cuidado del consumo de agua en la sociedad peruana. Ecowash es un proyecto de alto valor ambiental dedicado a la comercialización de dispositivos ahorradores de agua adaptable a llaves de griferías, de sencilla instalación, bajo el sistema de aspersión generando un ahorro real de agua entre 80% a 98%. Los ingresos serán a través de la venta de dos modelos de dispositivos: Estándar y Lead de S/30 y S/65, respectivamente. La inversión inicial será de S/. 387,615.23, con aportes del 48% de los socios y 26% de los inversionistas para implementar la empresa societaria. Para el primer año se busca satisfacer la demanda de 26,616 familias y una empresa, como cliente corporativo, logrando una facturación de S/ 1, 218,864. Las ventas de los productos llegarán al umbral de retorno de la inversión en el tercer año logrando con una rentabilidad financiera de 35.98% para dicho periodo. La proyección de ventas llegará para el quinto año al 2.5%.
The present business entrepreneurship has identified that the problematic lies in the absence of water consumption care culture in the Peruvian society. Ecowash is a project of high environmental valued dedicated to merchandizing of water-saving devices, adaptable to tap faucets, of simple installation, under the sprinkler system, generating a real saving of water between 80 to 98%. The financial incomes will be through the sale of two models of devices: Standard and Lead, what will be sold at S/ 30 and S/65 soles, respectively. The initial investment will be S/387,615.23, with 48% contributions from the partners and 26% from the investors to implement the corporate company. At the first year, it seeks to satisfy the demand of 26,616 families and a company as a corporate client, achieving a turnover of S/1, 218,864. The product sales will reach the threshold of return of investment in the third year, achieving a financial return of 35% for that period. The sales forecast will reach 2.5% for the first year.
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Cáceres, Pérez Jessica, Navarro Juan Carlos Castro, Canevaro Claudia Luz Pizarro i Sánchez Daygora Daniela Quispe. "Terra Ecowash". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625587.

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El presente plan de negocio es ofrecer un servicio de lavado para vehículos, es decir un servicio diferenciado donde nuestra propuesta de valor es el uso de productos antialérgicos y el uso del vapor en el lavado, lo cual contribuye considerablemente a un ahorro de agua y un objetivo fundamental que es la preservación del medio ambiente. Nuestra previa experiencia laboral nos permitirá aportar en este proyecto significativamente en las áreas: Comercial y Logística. Asimismo, estamos comprometidos con el desarrollo y crecimiento del negocio, así como preservar siempre un alto nivel de satisfacción de nuestros clientes. Finalmente, buscamos trascender en el tiempo y apoyar en el incremento de nuevos consumidores Ecofriendly en Perú.
The present business plan is to offer a washing service for vehicles, a differentiated service where our value proposition is the use of antiallergic products and the use of steam in washing, which contributes considerably to a saving of water and a fundamental objective that is the preservation of the environment. Our work experience will allow us to contribute significantly to this project in Commercial and Logistics area. Likewise, we are committed to the development and growth of the business, as well as to preserve always a high level of satisfaction of our customers. Finally, we seek to transcend in time and support the growth of new Ecofriendly consumers in Perú.
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Madichie, Nnamdi O. "Customs unions theory and the ECOWAS experience". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2002. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19996/.

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The study traces the evolution of West African economic integration efforts, leading up to the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The original Lagos Treaty of 1975 is reviewed against the background of its revised 1993 Abuja version under the framework of the Customs Unions theory. This study is undertaken to ascertain the consistency of regional integration theory with the stated objectives of ECOWAS. It questions, for example, whether the Customs Unions theory and its welfare effects could actually explain the experience of regional integration of West Africa in general, and within ECOWAS in particular. In other words, the critical success factors and/or moderating influences in ECOWAS are examined against the background of the Community's objectives as set out in its two Treaties. The study also benefits from a wide range of discussions on different political and economic bases for regional integration theory: functionalism, neofunctionalism, federalism and intergovernmentalism and their relevance to ECOWAS. Strange enough, while these 'isms' are demonstrated to be inconsistent with ECOWAS objectives having dwelt more on regional integration efforts in Europe, no other study on West African integration has examined ECOWAS along these lines. The experience of ECOWAS is made against the backdrop of Customs Unions within Africa, such as the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADCC); and others outside Africa in regions like the European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) and the South American Customs Union (MERCOSUR). One emerging pattern of such comparison reveals that ECOWAS has wavered from its stated objectives in favour of the static principles of customs unions theory and consequently been unable to improve its record on the welfare levels of contracting states. The implication of such departures from its original objectives is that market inter-penetration and intra-regional trade within ECOWAS has neither yielded the desired welfare gains nor improved levels of industrialisation, sustained growth and economic development. It is safe to conclude, therefore, that despite considerable efforts at achieving regional economic integration in ECOWAS, the result has been dismal largely as a result of applying unrealistic models of customs unions theory to the West African situation. It is therefore posited that the process of regional economic integration in other parts of the world and particularly in Europe, are not readily applicable in the West African context, where the economic, political and institutional foundations are not only grossly dissimilar but largely at variance.

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Vargová, Soňa. "Vplyv čínskych investícií na vzťahy ECOWAS a EÚ". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75578.

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This thesis is devoted to analyzing the impact of Chinese investments in the region of West Africa on relations between ECOWAS and European Union. The first chapter characterizes Community of West African States - geographically, demographically and especially in the area of macroeconomics. Following chapter focuses itself on relations of PRC and ECOWAS. Particular attention is paid to foreign direct investments, which is China realizing in the area. ECOWAS relations with the European Union and the changes that have occurred in recent years are described in the third chapter of the thesis. A separate section describes the Economic Partnership Agreements. The conclusion represents the analysis of changes in trade relations between ECOWAS and the EU.

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Eriksson, Lisa. "ECOWAS fredsinsats i Liberia : En folkrättsenlig eller folkrättsstridig intervention?" Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-735.

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Olika frågor och problematik kring reglerna för intervention samt samspelet mellan regionala organisationer och FN utgör stommen i denna uppsats. Syftet är att utreda om ECOWAS fredsinsats i Liberia (1990-1997) var en folkrättsenlig intervention. Då insatsen hade dels fredsbevarande, dels tvingande inslag samt möjligen kunde ses som en humanitär intervention är huvuduppgiften att utreda om ECOWAS hade ett sådant samtycke som krävs för fredsbevarande insatser, om ECOWAS hade fått ett bemyndigande av säkerhetsrådet enligt art 53 i FN-stadgan för den tvingande delen av insatsen samt om insatsen kunde karaktäriseras som en humanitär intervention.

Det framkommer att det som är viktigast i utredningen i förhållande till dessa frågor är huruvida ECOWAS kunde grunda sitt ingripande på Liberias regerings samtycke allena, om retroaktiva bemyndigande av säkerhetsrådet är giltiga samt om det har utvecklats tillräcklig praxis och opinio juris för att rättfärdiga humanitära interventioner av regionala organisationer som sedvanerätt.

Analysen visar att samtliga dessa frågor måste besvaras nekande, i varje fall i ett inledande skede. ECOWAS insats i Liberia var således till en början en folkrättsstridig intervention. Det utesluter dock inte att den kan ses som en föregångare för humanitära interventioner. Bland annat positiva reaktioner från omvärlden tyder även på att den kan komma att spela en viss roll i utvecklingen för det framtida samarbetet mellan regionala organisationer och FN.

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Francis, David J. "The Politics of Economic Regionalism: Sierra Leone in ECOWAS". Ashgate, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3064.

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No
The primary objective of this book is to provide an analytical understanding of the nature, dynamics and complexity of the politics of economic regionalism through the prism of Sierra Leone in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The book also discusses the following issues: the evolution of economic regionalism in West Africa and the conceptual framework for analysis; the expansion of the economic regionalism; developments within the West Africa sub-region with that of the transformation of the global economy and international political system; political, economic and security developments within ECOWAS; and the civil war in Sierra Leone.

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Ezekwesili, Chinweuba E. "Can the Monetary Integration of ECOWAS Improve Intra-Regional Trade?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/279.

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A gravity model is used to evaluate the effects of currency union on intra-regional trade of ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) member states. The panel data used includes bilateral observations for fourteen years spanning 1994 through 2006 for 16 countries. Controlling for determinants and deterrents of trade, I find the presence of a currency union three times as likely to increase intra-regional trade between ECOWAS member countries. In addition, I find that the effect on trade creation has been steadily falling since 1994.

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Soremi, Titilayo. "Narrating policy transfer : renewable energy and disaster risk reduction in ECOWAS". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34580.

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The thesis contributes to the policy transfer literature through the examination of narratives presented by policy actors engaged in policy transfer. The actors’ policy narratives are analysed through the application of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF). With the use of the NPF, the research investigates the portrayal of narrative elements, including, setting, character, plot, and moral, by the transfer actors, in depicting their perception of the transfer process and object, and of the other actors involved in the policy transfer. The investigation is aimed at having a better understanding of factors that facilitate the occurrence of policy transfer i.e. transfer mechanisms, such as, conditionality, obligation, and persuasion, and how they manifest and drive the transfer process. To examine how policy narratives may inform the manifestation of transfer mechanisms, the research studies two cases of policy transfer involving international governmental organisations (IGOs) as transfer agents. These are i) the transfer of renewable energy policy by the European Union to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and ii) the transfer of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy by the United Nations International Strategy for DRR (UNISDR) to ECOWAS. The thesis argues that the mechanisms of conditionality and persuasion were involved in the transfer of renewable energy policy, while the mechanism of obligation can be observed in the transfer of DRR policy. It further argues that the portrayals of the narrative setting, character, plot and moral, in the policy narratives of the transfer agents and recipient, shaped the manifestation of these transfer mechanisms. The application of the NPF to the two case studies enabled the identification and association of different policy narrative elements that will likely characterise specific transfer mechanisms. In addition, the study highlights the opportunity of broadening policy transfer research beyond a limited geographical reach, through covering two instances of policy transfer to a region in sub-Sahara Africa. It also broadens the group of actors that are often studied in the literature by considering policy transfers initiated and led by IGOs.

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Darboe, Ndey Ramou. "REGIONAL SECURITY ANALYSIS : ECOWAS AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS IN THE GAMBIA". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78750.

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Yakubu, Nansata. "The ECOWAS Parliament as a tool for conflict prevention in West Africa". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59194/.

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This thesis seeks to examine the effectiveness of the ECOWAS Parliament in conflict prevention in West Africa. From a holistic perspective, it also discusses the emergence of regional parliaments and specifically analyses their contribution to conflict prevention. This thesis is the first to assess how the ECOWAS Parliament attempts to prevent conflict in West Africa and how effective this has been. It presents the argument that, bodies such as the ECOWAS-P which are mandated as the legislative organs in a region otherwise noted for protracted conflicts play a crucial role in preventing conflict. The study employed participant observation (specifically in the ECOWAS-P), case study methods, elite interviews, parliamentary and archival research. The thesis greatest contribution lie in undertaking an institutionalist approach to conflict prevention and drawing from public administration developed and applied a performance management tool to help assess how the ECOWAs-P has succeeded at this task. It finds that with no provision made for the parliament in the regional conflict prevention mechanism, it has had to employ normative initiatives to be relevant in conflict prevention. The research exposes that the lack of a universal suffrage mode of election of EMPs emphasises its democratic deficit. The thesis concludes that, the ECOWAS-P as a new institution provided under the revised treaty of 1993 is increasingly gaining more responsibility as a body for conflict prevention and prospectively the enhancement of its powers by the draft supplementary act passed in December 2014 will help it in making binding laws.

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Książki na temat "ECOWARE"

Ecowars: The underwater revolution. Berkeley, Calif: Regent Press, 2011.

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Ukaigwe, Jerry. ECOWAS Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8.

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Economic Community of West African States., red. Ten years of ECOWAS. Lagos: The Community, 1985.

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Secretariat, Nigeria Federal Department of Fisheries Project. ECOWAS fund accelerated artisanal fish. Abuja, Nigeria: Federal Dept. of Fisheries, Project Secretariat, 2000.

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Falana, Femi. ECOWAS court: Law and practice. Ojodu, Lagos [Nigeria]: Legaltext Pub. Co. Ltd., 2010.

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ECOWAS: Milestones in regional integration. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 2009.

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Affairs, Nigerian Institute of International. ECOWAS: Milestones in regional integration. Lagos, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, 2009.

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Council, Nigerian Export Promotion, red. Trade tariffs in ECOWAS countries. [Lagos]: The Council, 1991.

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Oloruntimehin, B. Olatunji. Rebuilding ECOWAS on democratic principles. Ibadan: Development Policy Centre, 2000.

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Pattillo, Catherine, i Paul Masson. Monetary Union in West Africa (ECOWAS). Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781589060142.084.

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Części książek na temat "ECOWARE"

Young, Robert. "Introduction: Ecological Wisdom as Discourse". W EcoWISE, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_1.

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Li, Mengmeng, i Varenyam Achal. "Sustainable Building Materials Guided by Ecological Wisdom to Combat Environmental Issues". W EcoWISE, 177–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_10.

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Liao, Kuei-Hsien. "Living with Floods: Ecological Wisdom in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta". W EcoWISE, 195–215. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_11.

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Chen, Chundi, Colin D. Meurk i Hui Cheng. "Multifunctioning Urban Waterfront: Inspirations from the Ecological Wisdom of Working with Reservoir Flooding in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region". W EcoWISE, 217–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_12.

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Cheng, Chingwen. "EcoWisdom for Climate Justice Planning: Social-Ecological Vulnerability Assessment in Boston’s Charles River Watershed". W EcoWISE, 249–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_13.

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Yan, Wentao. "Synergetic Evolution of Social and Natural Systems: Ecological Wisdom of Human Settlements in “The Land of Abundance”". W EcoWISE, 269–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_14.

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Patten, Duncan T. "Watershed Ecosystem Goods and Services Sustaining Urban Socioecological Systems: Planning and Management Through Ecological Wisdom". W EcoWISE, 291–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_15.

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Xiang, Wei-Ning. "Ecophronesis: The Ecological Practical Wisdom for and from Ecological Practice". W EcoWISE, 13–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_2.

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Yang, Bo, Shujuan Li, Wei-Ning Xiang, Ian Bishop, Kuei-Hsien Liao i Jun Liu. "Where Does Ecological Wisdom Come from? Historical and Contemporary Perspectives". W EcoWISE, 33–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_3.

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Cheng, Xiangzhan. "Creating with Nature: Ecosophy C as an Ecological Rationality for Healing the Earth Community". W EcoWISE, 59–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0571-9_4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "ECOWARE"

Ambrosio, Laura, Pedro Lucas Siqueira Paulino, Joao Antiquera, Guilherme Pedro Aquino i Evandro Cesar Vilas Boas. "EcoWaste: A Smart Waste Platform Enabling Circular Economy". W 2021 IEEE 19th Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scored53546.2021.9652721.

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Fiorucci, Irene, Giovanni Muscari, Cesidio Bianchi, Paolo Di Girolamo, Francesco Esposito, Giuseppe Grieco, Donato Summa i in. "An Intercomparison of Precipitable Water Vapor Measurements Obtained During the ECOWAR Field Campaign". W CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). American Institute of Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3116932.

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Danso, Sunkung, Silas Emovwodo i Muhammad Saud. "Ecowas Common Trade Policy: Challenges And Opportunities – Gambia And Nigeria". W Proceedings of the International Conference on Research and Academic Community Services (ICRACOS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icracos-19.2020.11.

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Abodohoui, Alexis, Guihua Nie i Pingfeng Liu. "Digital Commerce Assessment in West Africa: An ECOWAS Countries Data Analysis". W 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5576537.

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Ndiaye, Babacar, Daniela Ancuta Sarpe i Cyril Manga. "Two Essential Elements for a Strong and Sustained Industry in the ECOWAS Area". W International Conference Risk in Contemporary Economy. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/rce2067053264.

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Wole-Osho, Ifeoluwa, Olusola Bamisile, Humphrey Adun i Ismaila Yusuf. "Comparison of renewable energy potential in relation to renewable energy policy in ECOWAS countries". W 2016 HONET-ICT. International Symposium on Smart MicroGrids for Sustainable Energy Sources Enabled by Photonics and IoT Sensors. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/honet.2016.7753441.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "ECOWARE"

Adkisson, Stephen. Integration in West Africa : an empirical examination of ECOWAS. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3268.

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Sopein-Mann, Oluwafunmike, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn i Kari L. Clase. Medicines Regulation in West Africa: Current State and Opportu-nities. Purdue University, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317443.

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Ndomondo-Sigonda et al. (2017) observed that there is scarcity of information on human resources (person-nel devoted to regulation of medicines) in the domain of medicines regulation in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The published information on medicines regulation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region are no longer current and consistent with the current realities in the NMRAs. In order to reveal this occurrence, show the trends that exist over the years and make appropriate recommendations, data were collected and compared from 2005, 2010 and 2017 research reports on seven regulatory features of the fifteen Members States of ECOWAS. The re-sults show that there was missing information per regulatory feature and country. There was also an overall increasing trend in the number of NMRAs in the region that showed progress with respect to the measured regulatory features - Autonomy (Authority and Legal form), Marketing Authorization), GMP inspection, Quality Control, Quality Management System, Information Management System and Harmonization and International cooperation. People of Africa have a valuable story to tell as it relates to medicines regulation. This report is written by a West African from the perspective of a West African involved in the study and practice of medi-cines regulation by the NMRAs in the ECOWAS.

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Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei i Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.

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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.

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