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Millot-Richard, Clara. "Les économies du sel et du fer au Premier et Second Âges du fer entre la Lorraine et le Bade-Wurtemberg : marchés et modèles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/820a2482-79cf-4a23-b0c4-d751d367eca0.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subject of the present doctoral work is based on the observation made during the research we carried out for the Master’s degree, namely that archaeologists find it difficult to integrate economic approaches into their data. Indeed, they prefer to turn to social science, ethnography and geography than to economics which is not part of the resources they mobilise. Raw materials seemed to us to be a pertinent angle to start with because they make it possible to come to grips with the internal economic circuits of a chrono-cultural space. That is why we chose to study salt and iron in the geographical area encompassing Lorraine and Baden-Württemberg in the first and second Iron Ages (6th-1st centuries BC). Salt and iron are both crucial resources, each in their own way, with precise supply and demand mechanisms which lead to specific markets. We investigated what production and consumption data can reveal about protohistoric economies
Michel, Sylvène. "Les premiers groupes mésolithiques de la France atlantique : enquête sur l'industrie lithique". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S038.
Pełny tekst źródłaNew discoveries and recent studies of series formerly brought to light, allowed us to complete the characterization of the lithic industries of the huntersgatherers who inhabited the present French Atlantic facade at the beginning of the Mesolithic. The analysis of the whole lithic subsystem reveals socioeconomic strategies which evolve in a spatiotemporal scale: the groups with isosceles triangles systematically give priority to the local or microregional territory, while the groupe de Bertheaume uses littoral pebbles of flint. Whatever is the technical entity considered, the knapping process is not constraint by the geologic environment. For the isosceles triangles phase, simplified and flexible technical know-how - globally similar to those observed in western Europe - are applied to obtain bladelet blanks which will be use for the projectiles manufacturing. While the common equipment is essentially reduced to expedient tools, arrowheads take various shapes which testify of different cultural affinities and own stylistic choices. Gradual evolution of quiver's composition is clear: the hypothesis of crossed interactions networks appears the most suitable, more than the usual notion of progressive diffusion. The examination of the groupe de Bertheaume microliths is along the previous lines, theory which would be strengthened by some new regional radiocarbon datings. In the light of this study, the chrono-cultural organization of these Atlantic West human groups seems less linear and more complex than described by the previous models
Bridault, Anne. "Les économies de chasse épipaléolithiques et mésolithiques dans le nord et l'est de la France". Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100124.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn western Europe, between 12000 and 6500 bp, hunters-gatherers societies have gone through a succession of environnemental transformations. The consequences of these transormations on their living conditions are interpreted in very opposite ways. From an anthoropological wiewpoint, this research work takes a close look at the two antaonistic models that win aggreement for the status of these periods : economies of scarcity or affluent economies. Save the economic context, we analyuse the "chaine operatoire" of the predation (all the processes from procurement of animals until bones are discarded) to understand the economic decisions. The results are based on an archaeozoological analysis of twenty faunal assemblages, and on the analysis of a supra-reginal bibliographic database. Betwwen 12000 and 6500 bp no chronological broad spectrum evolution neither a chronological diversification of the subsistance can be attested in these regions. Hunters used to rely on the highest ranked preys (red deer and wild boar). Similarly they chose to exploit principally few biotopes : open forests and clearings. During the mesolithic hunting strategies were well differentiated : a high risk adult red deer hunting, a less selective and less risky wild boar hunting, and a more opportunistic small game predation. Other analysis suggest the the existence of hinting camps
Gauthier, Estelle. "La consommation du métal en France orientale et en Transdanubie du XVIIe au IXe siècle avant notre ère : analyse spatiale et modélisation des systèmes socio-économiques de l'Age du Bronze". Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOL007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main purpose of this study is to characterize the consumption of the metal during Bronze Age in Eastern France and Transdanubia and to understand the role of hoards and the different social and economic strategies employed, and how the influence of the physical potential of these two regions was made on the spatial organization of the metal consumption areas. . . An essential part of this work was the implementation of a protocol of analysis based on double approach: statistical and spatial, based on the constitution of a Geographical Information System and on the use of several new methods such as map algebra, linear projections or models of densities ‘s distribution. . . Modelling the results allows to perceive some differences between the two regions caused by their different potential, but also resulted on some common features of the evolutions of the metal consumption parameters which may reflect global tendencies in Europe
Vigie-Chevalier, Béatrice. "Recherches sur l'exploitation des ressources aquatiques dans le midi méditerranéen français au postglaciaire". Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10055.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouby, Laurent. "Agriculture dans le bassin du Rhône du Bronze final à l’Antiquité : agrobiodiversité, économie, cultures". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0589.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the Rhône Basin, the period from the Late Bronze Age to the end of the Roman period (c. 1400 BC – 476 AD) is characterized by important economical, political and cultural changes, the most striking resulting from the establishment of Mediterranean contacts during the Iron Age: first, the Greek settlements, later the Roman colonisation. Taking this evolution into account, Archaeobotany is used here as a tool to assess the dynamics of economical plants and agriculture. This work synthesizes the archaeobotanical data available from 104 archaeological sites (approximately 875 assemblages), including 44 original analyses. This synthesis favours the diversity of sources and a multi-stages approach based on the quantitative analysis of data, distinguishing: type of preservation, site / assemblage level, type of assemblage, economical plants and weeds. A morphometric analysis is carried on pips of Vitis vinifera, an exemplary species due to its agricultural, cultural and economic status. The reference collection assembled up to now includes 15 natural locations of wild grapevine, 7 cultivated wild grapevines, and 84 cultivars. In our dataset, the dynamics of economic plants and weeds is first structured according to time. The agricultural model of the Late Bronze Age is characterized by its diversity, with the exploitation of hulled barley, hulled wheat species, millets, oil plants, pulses and different native fruits. In the Mediterranean area, this model, largely sustained by northern-alpine influences, will only become dominant during the Iron Age I. However, it is already around the end of this period that a new dynamic is set in motion leading to specialized farming based on naked wheat, barley and grapevine which will be characteristic of the height of the Empire. From the 6th century BC on, the importance of emmer wheat decreases clearly, replaced by naked wheat, easier to store and transport. The rapid development of vine growing is recorded in the Low Rhône area, corresponding to the appearance of a domestic morphotype of grape. This indigenous vine growing is exploited for wine making in a small scale (for the household). Vines presenting morphological features of the wild subspecies are cultivated and exploited until the end of the roman period, in association with domesticated forms and for the same purposes. During the Late Bronze Age, agriculture is already permanent and quite intensive, with small fields fertilised via animal husbandry. During the Iron Age II, agriculture becomes more extensive, a trend which intensifies during the Roman period: larger areas of land are farmed using a smaller amount of labour and fertilizers. The practise of harvesting by sickle low on the culm spreads around. This new economic reality apparently results from the development of animal traction for ploughing and transport. The Mediterranean influences play an important role in the changes recorded from the 6th century on, but the Greeks are not simple agents of an imported farming model. Many of the agricultural changes happening during the Iron Age II touch both Marseille and the indigenous populations, in such a way that it becomes difficult to identify the causes of these changes
Martin, Lucie. "Agriculture et alimentation végétale en milieu montagnard durant le Néolithique : nouvelles données carpologiques dans les Alpes françaises du Nord". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536982.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarticorena, Pablo. "Lames polies et sociétés néolithiques en Pyrénées nord occidentales : synthèse régionale à la lumière d'un outil emblématique". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010653.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrontin, Deborah. "Économie de pêche au Mésolithique et diversité piscicole à l'Holocène ancien dans le bassin hydrographique du Doubs". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation focuses on understanding fishing practices and their role in human subsistence economies during the Late-Glacial/Earl Holocene transition, through the ichtyo-archaeological study of over 11,000 fish bone remains. The remains original from four archaeological sites of the Doubs hydrographical basin (Jura, France), namely the Cabônes rock-shelter in Ranchot ( 1 very large assemblage dating from the Boreal period),Rochedane in Villars-sous-Dampjoux (5 assemblages spanning the Epipaleolithic to the Mesolithic), Gigot in Bretonvillers (2 mesolithic assemblages) and Roche-aux-Pêcheurs in Villers-le-Lac (2 mesolithic assemblages). After an initial reassessment of the most common analytical tools used in ichtyo-archaeology, we developed a thorough protocol allowing bath the characterisation of our assemblages (origin of deposit, taxonomical identification, quantification, body-size and weight estimates and the economic analysis of fishing as a subsistence activity. Fishing appears to have been practiced year-round, with an increase in catch at the beginning of the warm season. The activity stayed very local, and targeted ail of the available species. Fishermen seem to have favoured intermediate river environments, such as shallow banks o side channels, most suitable for setting fish-traps. The prey was then consumed directly on site, apparently without any prior preparation, and the refuse was discarded in the immediate vicinity, often around healths. Late-Glacial and Early Holocene societies of France demonstrate an excellent command of the exploitation of fluvial resources, and fishing appears to have been optimized to maximise yield-to-effort ratios
Bon, François. "La question de l'unité technique et économique de l'aurignacien : réflexions sur la variabilité des industries lithiques à partir de trois sites des Pyrénées françaises (La Tuto de Camalhot, Régismont-le-Haut et Brassempouy)". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010526.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhilibert, Sylvie. "Les derniers chasseurs-cueilleurs du Sud de la France : approche des systèmes techno-économiques par l'analyse fonctionnelle d'industries de pierre taillée épipaléolithiques et mésolithiques". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA050.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarquebielle, Benjamin. "Le travail des matières osseuses au mésolithique : caractérisation technique et économique à partir des séries du sud et de l'est de la France". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20029/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn France, the last hunter-gatherers of the Mesolithic have mainly been investigated from the perspective of their lithic industry, and especially, through studies devoted to arrowheads. As a result of the apparent scarcity of osseous remains, the work of osseous materials was believed to be at best a marginal activity. The first contribution of this work is to show that this generally admitted idea is in fact the result of a lack of studies. Consequently, its aim is to fill this gap by proposing a first characterization of the work of osseous materials and to assess to what extent it refines our perception of this period from a chrono-cultural, but also from a palethnological perspective. This work participates to the current diversification of approaches and questionings concerning the Mesolithic period.This research required making an inventory of the available archaeological data at a national level. Then, a technical and economic study of a selection of 21 sites of Southern and Eastern France (Pyrenees, Causses, Alps and Jura) was performed.During the Mesolithic, the work of osseous materials was based on a differential exploitation of each raw material: bone, antler and tooth. Each material was worked following one or two transformation scheme(s). This study also shows that the exploitation and working techniques of osseous materials remained highly unified throughout the considered chronological and geographical frames. These results bring to light, on the one hand, that lithic and osseous productions followed different evolution rhythms and, on the other hand, that the modalities of the work of osseous materials are specific to the Mesolithic. Finally, preliminary palethnological results contribute to a wider issue i.e., the question of the exploitation of their environment by the Mesolithic populations
Genechesi, Julia. "Les monnayages gaulois et marseillais découverts en vallée du Rhône : circulation monétaire et approche économique". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010601.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchleef, Yoric. "Structures foncières et économie rurale dans la région de Briey (fin XIe - début XIVe) d'après les archives de l'abbaye de St Pierremont : étude sur la région de Briey et édition du livre foncier". Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ016L/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPas disponible / Not available
Caux, Solène. "Du territoire d'approvisionnement au territoire culturel : pétroarchéologie et techno-économie du silex Grain de mil durant l’Aurignacien dans le Sud-ouest de la France". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0153/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCharacterising lithic raw materials is an important means of studying palaeolithic territories, allowing modes of mobilityand the organisation of human groups to be deduced. The Aquitaine Basin is one of the best-documented archaeologicalregions of Europe. However, certain materials have long been recognised within archaeological collections without theirgeographic origin or even their uniqueness being clearly demonstrated. This is particularly the case with a specific type offlint, which prehistorians call “Grain de mil”. In order to address these shortcomings, this work was carried in two phases:- a cross-disciplinary study of this material, focusing on its petroarchaeological characterisation and its geographicand geological origins. This initial phase of analysis lead to the definition of Grain de mil flint as a material typical ofthe Charente-Maritime as its formation is tied to the Jonzac anticline. It also shows that criteria for itscharacterisation, which stem mainly from the sedimentological analysis, can be applied to the petro-technoeconomicstudy of an archaeological assemblage.- a techno-economic characterisation of the management of this material during the Early and Late Aurignacian,from northern Aquitaine sites. During the Early Aurignacian, groups move seasonally across the Aquitaine Basin;exploitation of Grain de mil flint seems to indicate little circulation in the north-west of the Basin. In contrast, duringthe Late Aurignacian, provisioning territories centre to the north of the Aquitaine Basin, but open to the west andalso to the north. Grain de mil then appears to be at the heart of large-scale networks of circulations. Finally, theunderlying forces driving these strategic changes in mobility patterns are discussed, evaluating the role of bothenvironmental and human factors
Le, Dreff Thomas. "Productions céramiques et échanges au Second âge du Fer dans le sud-ouest de la France". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20047.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the Second Iron Age, the Southwest of France showed a particular socio-economic situation in a space where goods, men and ideas were circulating. Many peoples were in contact there, including two major ethnic groups, the Celts and the Aquitains. Although pottery is by far the most abundant furniture found in the settlements of this period, we do not know well its chaîne opératoire and its way of circulation. First, this Phd research focused on restudying the ceramic production based on potters’ workshops, as the Southwest concentrated the most numerous workshops in Celtic Europe. Wasted pieces of furniture have been found in these workshops and suggest that local ceramics encountered there did not necessarily represent the overall production. This ceramic has been analysed thanks to a discriminant protocol, including a focus on macro-traces. This approach has underlined the conditions in which these pieces of ceramic can be considered to be the reflection of the whole workshops’ production. Pottery has also been analysed from a technological, typo-chronological and stylistic point of view. In the area of Toulouse, we have extended the study to consumption sites (grouped settlements and rural settlements), which allowed us to study not only the relationships between these sites, but also between the pottery’s workshops within that area. Through the study case of Aiguillon type stamped jars, the question of the regional circulation of ceramic productions has been approached in a more concrete way thanks to petrology analysis. Finally, the history of the societies of Southwestern France has been reevaluated through the PhD research by paying a particular attention to potters’ social status, to the role played by pottery’s workshops in the economy of the ceramic production, and to unsolved issues about the facies of the material culture in the area
Paris, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Au fil de l'os, économie et société des populations protohistoriques du nord-est de la France à partir de la documentation archéozoologique : les cas de Villeneuve-Saint-Germain et de Condé-sur-Suippe". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010687.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this research is to approach the economic issues that took place during the last 2 centuries B.C. (with the emergence of Gallic cities) through the study of the fauna remains recovered mostly from Condé-sur-Suippe, in the territory of the Remi, and also from Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, the capital of the Suessiones. Dating respectively from 120 to 90 and from 90 to 40 BCE, these fortified communities (or oppida) are among the most important in Europe, not only because of their size (over a hundred hectares each) and of the exceptional conservation of their town planning but also because of their almost unequalled faunal wealth (over 250.000 bones in Villeneuve-Saint-Germain alone). Two different lines of investigation will be pursued :- on the one hand, an intrasite study for each of the two sites aiming to determine the manner in which the populations settled in these enclosed spaces and the probable spatial evolutions that took place during the phase in question, -on the other hand, the second level of analysis will endeavour to examine broader issues concerning the hierarchical organisation of urban spaces in the Gaulish territories of the Remi and of the Suessiones. The four categories of building complexes recorded until now - farms, «aristocratie» farms, villages and fortified communities - were most probably distinguished in terms of function, administration and, in brief, a precise hierarchy, reflected or not, on the archaeological material. In this context fauna would not be an exception.The research project will hence attempt to cast a new light on these fortified communities which are the outcome of a long stratification process within the Gaulish society
Audouard, Lorena. "Les économies préhistoriques dans les domaines insulaires de la façade Manche / Atlantique de la France, de la fin du Mésolithique au début de l'âge du Bronze". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S147/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subject of this thesis is to address the economic operation of the first agro-pastoral societies on the islands from the Channel / Atlantic coasts of France, from the late Mesolithic to the early Bronze Age. The resources of these islands, both limited (exploitable surface reduced, complex hunting gestion) and various (terrestrial and marine resources), have they resulted in an adaptation of lifestyles? Populations have they suffered their environment or have they exceeded the constraints through a dynamic of contacts and exchanges ? These questions are addressed through the information provided by the lithic industry of several island sites. The terms of supply of raw materials and characteristics of lithic industry are systematically compared with available data on nearby continental sites. The presence of exogenous materials (such as flint of "Cinglais" or the Turonian flint of the Greater Pressigny) on some islands reveals the existence of contacts between mainland and island communities, the latters appearing as open to impulses outside. This approach identifies the existence or absence of insular peculiarities, then measure the degree of integration of islands populations within trade networks of long distance raw materials. All these information are put into perspective with data provided by others materials (including ceramic artefacts). Then, it is possible to perceive the interactions that are held from the Neolithic to the beginning of the Bronze Age between the inhabitants of the coast and the islanders, and also highlight disparities between islands
Denis, Solène. "L’industrie lithique des populations blicquiennes (néolithique ancien, Belgique) : organisation des productions et réseaux de diffusion". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100186.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the North of France and Belgium, the Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture marks the end of the Danube traditions (Early Neolithic Period). The eleven sites found in Belgium belong to the Blicquian features of this cultural entity. Two settlement areas, separated by 100 km, are highlighted (in Hainaut and in Hesbaye). An analysis of the technical and economical characteristics of the Blicquian lithic industry was performed in order to describe the socio-economic organization relating to the lithic production as well as the relationships between the different settlements areas of this culture. The study concluded that there were two distinct types of production. A group of knappers produced flakes and facetted tools in a domestic context. Another group of knappers, who had specific skills, produced blades which were found in each house. However, arguments converge to suggest that the latter moved from one house to the next and even from a site to another, suggesting some kind of specialization of the laminar production in the community or even among several communities. The circulation of Ghlin flint (probably originating from Hainaut) shows that some knappers moved between Hainaut and Hesbaye. The circulation of tertiary bartonian flint (originating from the Paris Basin) was following more diverse modalities. Some knappers may have moved from the Paris Basin to Hainaut, but it is certainly not the only way that Bartonian flint was introduced on the Blicquian sites. This study shows the intensity of the relations between villages, demonstrating the importance of exchanges for the socio-economical welfare of those agro-pastoral communities
Lechenault, Marine. "Les trafics dans les îles de Méditerranée centrale et occidentale au Premier âge du Fer : la Corse des échanges". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20028.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis deals with exchanges between Western Mediterranean islands and Greek, Etruscan and Phoenician cities during the first Millenium BC. Corsica's island stands for the main target of the survey. There's no doubt that "exchanges" between human communities can cause deep changes on lifestyles and identities. Therethore, they are considered in relation with four aspects : culture, social identity, economics and political power. The survey permit to conclude to an intensive dialogue between Northern Corsica and Etruria. Certainly motivated by metal's trade, those relationships begin about the IXth century BC and concern in first Populonia's district, then Southern Etruria's poleis as Vulci and Caere. Southern Corsica doesn't really seem to participate to this trade, unless we stand there in presence of a different archaeological translation of the contacts. As a consequence of those relationships, some changes are visible in Northern Corsican material culture, social expression and settlements. It became also possible to perceive the native population in Aleria. Moreover, the thesis offers the opportunity to present Cozza Torta's excavation (in Porto-Vecchio), which is the only example of indigenous foundation with imported pottery from Massalia, Etruria and Athenes (VIth c. BC). At last, imported goods permitted a chronological discussion. To go further, it would be necessary to carry out more archaeological surveys in Northern Corsica, especially on protohistoric settlements. The Corsican material culture must be revisited too. In order to know better the Islander metals (copper and iron), we should find a way to practice analysis on some artefacts