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1
Ward, Stuart. "Discordant communities : Australia, Britain and the EEC, 1956-1963." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27667.
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This work is concerned with the demise of ‘British race patriotism’ in Australian political culture in the late 19505 and early 1960s. The organic ideal of British racial community was a founding ideological pillar of Australian nationality for much of this century, yet the declining relevance of these ideas, and the emergence of a more limited, exclusive conception of Australian ‘community’ has not been adequately addressed in the existing historical literature. In
many respects, the waning appeal of ‘Britishness’ in Australia was a gradual and piecemeal process, but at the level of Australian political culture the shifts in outlook and assumptions occurred surprisingly rapidly, and converged largely around a single key event; namely, the first British application for membership of the European Economic Community in the years 1961 to 1963. The Macmillan Govemment’s painful choice between the discordant communities of ‘Europe’ and the ‘the British race’ provoked a crisis of British race patriotism in Australia, and prompted long overdue reflection, discussion and debate about the changing determinants of Australian nationhood in the post-war world. This occurred, not under the impetus of an instinctive dawning of an innate and assertive Australian nationalism as is often suggested, but in reaction to the demise of British race patriotism as a viable and credible framework for the
ordering of Australian loyalties, priorities and policies. In the case of Britain's EEC membership application, it is significant that the revision of sentimental assumptions took place after it had become painfully self-evident that the United Kingdom was determined to pursue national interests and a national destiny that could no longer be reconciled with the traditional conception
of organic Anglo-Australian community. The tensions and contradictions between ‘sentiment’ and 'self—interest‘, long inherent in Australia's political and economic ties to Great Britain, imploded under the impetus of the Macmillan Government's EEC aspirations. Before any limited. sovereign, national community could become fully imaginable in Australian political culture, it was a necessary precondition that the wider sense of British racial community should
become ‘unimaginable’.
2
Johnson, Kevin. "Subnational economic development in federal systems : the case of Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0014.
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[Truncated abstract] The objectives of this study are threefold: Firstly, to consider the relevance (to subnational state development) and adaptability (to globalisation) of federalism from a Western Australian perspective. Secondly, to consider the way in which various State Governments in Western Australia have implemented economic development policies to benefit from the global political economy. Finally, it proposes alternative mechanisms for guiding long-term economic development policy decision-making in Western Australia. This final objective is addressed in light of the findings of the first two. It is recognised that incremental changes are possible in full knowledge of the embedded nature of the policy-making process in Western Australia . . . In the case of Western Australia, subnational autonomy does not herald the end of the nationstate so much as a new stage in globalisation. In terms of how the Western Australian State Government attracts capital and labour investment, its history as an independent colony and its physical isolation from the other colonies have created the initial conditions that frame the policy-making process, which includes a set of drivers influencing the decisions that are made by State agents. Overall, the State Government continues to reinforce the State’s role as a peripheral resource supplier to the national and global political economy. Within this context, however, alternative strategies can be proposed that may contribute to the long-term sustainable development of the State’s economy.
3
Chang, Hung. "Cross-strait relations in the process of economic integration : same game, but different logic." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91137/.
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This thesis provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the contentious “sovereignty” dispute between Taiwan and China, especially following the signing of the Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) in 2010. Distinctive from many contemporary studies of cross-Strait relations, this research analyzes Beijing’s and Taipei’s political agendas regarding sovereignty in the broader context of East Asian economic integration, as the ECFA is in fact the byproduct of their regional strategies. Commercial diplomacy and interdependence theory constitute the theoretical framework of this thesis. Moreover, this thesis employs various definitions of sovereignty in order to evaluate the extent to which China has impacted upon Taiwan’s sovereignty in the process of economic integration. By employing document analysis and elite interview methodologies, this thesis finds that Taipei has a limited ability to protect its sovereignty from China’s commercial diplomacy in the post-ECFA era. This outcome can be explained by Beijing’s efforts to marginalize Taiwan during the construction of East Asian regionalism, which has driven Taipei to shift its strategy from confrontation to cooperation with Beijing so as to secure its economic and sovereignty interests. To date, economic integration features centrally in Taiwan’s new Mainland policy. This has increased the degree of Taiwan’s economic dependence on China, which gives greater scope for Beijing to wield commercial diplomacy to infringe upon Taiwan’s domestic, functional, and de jure sovereignty. This thesis makes two overall contributions. The most significant contribution of this thesis is its pioneering research approach, which analyzes how China and Taiwan reconcile their economic interests and sovereignty concerns through the lens of commercial diplomacy. Furthermore, by categorizing sovereignty according to its different aspects, this thesis also contributes to the understanding of the effectiveness of China’s commercial diplomacy in furthering its sovereignty interests with regards to Taiwan.
4
Zhang, Qing. "Management of construction international joint ventures between Australia and Asia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36103/1/36103_Zhang_2000.pdf.
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In recent years, many of South East Asian countries have experienced high
levels of economic growth. Coupled with their sheer population, this has led to
a huge demand for the improvement of infrastructure. The construction
market is growing rapidly in these countries, with governments encouraging
multinational companies to set up joint ventures with the local companies to
bring in advanced construction technology. International Joint Venture (IJV)
as a unique formation of project structure has become one of the most widely
used methods for multinational construction companies to enter into the Asian
market.
Australia is building closer relationships with Asian countries and is playing an
active role in the economy development of Asia Pacific region. Australian
contractors are also trying to gain a foothold in the international construction
market. They have the geographical advantage over their US or European
competitors to target the Asian market. Despite all this, the Australian
construction industry has been slow in accessing the Asian market, and has
experienced many difficulties.
As a result of the increasing interest in joint ventures in the business
environment and the high failure rate of the IJV, the study of IJV is gaining
increasing popularity among researchers. Most of the research has focused
on the motivations to joint venture. For example, past studies have
investigated joint ventures as means of coping with resource limitations and
uncertainty, reduction of risk and/or uncertainty, and expediting entry into a
new geographic or technological market. Another focus of joint venture research has been on joint venture performance and control. However, little
literature is available on how to manage the IJV between Australia and Asian
countries. As more and more Australian companies are forming joint ventures
in Asian developing countries, it is important to investigate the performance of
these joint ventures.
This research project aims at the Australian IJV in Asia. After the analysis of
existing joint venture problems, four areas of joint venture management - joint
venture formation, joint venture partnership and negotiation, joint venture
organisational management and joint venture project management have been
identified as the research concentration. Industry interviews and a
questionnaire survey has been used to collect data. Research findings are
further developed into a theoretical model for Australian IJV management.
5
Jones, Sharon L. "The economic trend in immigration policy: a comparative analysis of the entrepreneur/investor program in Canada, United States and Australia." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Shiravi-Khozani, Abdolhossein. "The legal aspect of international countertrade, with reference to the Australian Legal System." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5577.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 462-479. "... to provide a basis for understanding countertrade practices. In particular, however, it aims to provide assistance to trading parties to identify the problems associated with various forms of countertrade and to give them guidance in drafting countertrade contracts in the light of Australian law.".
7
Gow, John F. "The Construction of Hegemony: a World-Historical Study of Australian Politics and External Relations 1932-1988." Thesis, Griffith University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367664.
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Despite a wide recognition that external relationships are a significant force in shaping the pattern of Australian economic and political history, available theories for analysing the interplay of external and internal processes -- political sociology, dependency and world systems theory -- do not provide a reliable basis for coming to tenns with this aspect of Australia's historical experience in a contemporary setting. The world-historical perspective, as developed in an Australian context by McMichael, does addresses this problem usefully, but it is of limited contemporary utility since it largely focuses on the colonial period of the first half of the nineteenth century when Australia's economic structure and political institutions were relatively undeveloped. Two major areas of theoretical debate are addresed in chapters two and three. Chapter Two critically re-evaluates the utility of political sociology for a world-historical approach by analysing debates about nation-state territoriality. In Chapter Three the discussion considers dependency and world system perspectives, as well as couurent debates within international relations through a critical a~sessment of their approach to the historical development of the nation-state system. The thesis then proposes a re-evaluation of the applicability of the notion of hegemony to the study of relationships between nation-states, and a conception of a regime-governed international order as an alternative to the current approaches. Within this conceptual framework, the thesis focuses on a case study of the establishment, consolidation and decline of United States hegemony, and the concomitant decline of British power, in the Asia-Pacific region, and Australia's active engagement with this historical process. The ways in which this external program of United States regime-building impinged upon Australian domestic politics and established an external source of state legitimacy for both Labor and conservative governments is analysed in chapters Five and Six. These chapters also discuss the effects on the economic and political transformation of Australia from the l930s to the 1950s and continuing problems which follow the aftermath of the defeat of the 'Western alliance' in Vietnam and the onset of the global recession. The concluding chapter consolidates the linkage between the empirical and theoretical content of the thesis in order to propose a conceptual approach to the study the relationships between nation-states and the international order and to apply this approach to a consideration of the future prospects for Australia.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Division of Humanities<br>Full Text
8
Gruber, Isaiah. "The Muscovite embassy of 1599 to Emperor Rudolf II of Habsburg." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0022/MQ50518.pdf.
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Schulze, Max-Stephan. "Economic development of Austria-Hungary's machine-building industry, 1870-1913." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1272/.
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This thesis examines the economic development of industrial engineering in Austria-Hungary between 1870 and 1913. The pattern of sectoral change in Austria's machine-building industry is investigated in Chapter Two. New output estimates indicate that mechanical engineering took a course quite different from that suggested in recent historiography. Austria's capital goods sector was subject to prolonged stagnation during the "Great Depression" of the 1870s and 1880s. But during the subsequent two decades mechanical engineering made a large and rising contribution to overall industrial growth. Chapter Three is concerned with the rise of industrial machine-building in Hungary. Based on new output estimates, the chapter traces the phases and origins of a process which accounted for a markedly faster expansion of mechanical engineering than in the Western half of the Habsburg Empire. Chapter Four provides an analysis of the financial and investment behaviour of major machine-building firms. The growth of companies, the pattern of their investment, the volume and forms of finance varied significantly between firms and over time. The main factors accounting for differential rates of company growth were the diverging development of demand in the various machine-building branches, the impact of the business cycles in Austria and Hungary, and individual firms' preparedness to pursue external expansion. The structure, volume, and direction of the Habsburg Monarchy's trade in machinery are examined in Chapter Five. The study of import tariffs and input price diffentials yields results which suggest that, after the turn of the century, the competitive position of Austro-Hungarian engineering was impeded by an inept tariff policy. The thesis argues that the course of industrial engineering lends strong support to the notion of a "Great Depression" in Austria. Once the depression had been overcome, however, the machine-building industry became one of the two main sectoral sources of growth in industry - despite the effects of an unfavourable tariff policy. Machinery output in Hungary grew at a faster rate than in Austria. Yet its impact on total manufacturing growth was somewhat smaller than in Austria since Hungarian industry as a whole also expanded more rapidly.
10
Tödtling, Franz, Gunther Maier, and Eric Sheppard. "Economic Restructuring and the Geography of Organizational Control: Austria 1973-198." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1988. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6192/1/IIR_Forsch_12.pdf.
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Macher, Flóra. "The 1931 financial crisis in Austria and Hungary : a critical reassessment." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3696/.
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In this thesis, I re-investigate the 1931 financial crisis in Austria and Hungary with the help of new data compiled from primary sources. Our knowledge about the causes of these calamities is much less extensive than about the German crisis. The aim of my research is to provide for a better understanding of the Central European crises of 1931. Chapter 1 examines the role of international and domestic forces behind the crisis in Austria. Two newly constructed micro-level datasets demonstrate that a domestic factor, exposure to weakly performing industrial enterprises, was essential in accounting for the insolvency and possibly also for the illiquidity of the four universal banks that came under distress between 1925 and 1931. In Chapter 2, the focus shifts to Hungary, where both the national historiography and the international literature documented a currency crisis. A new database on the financial system and macroeconomic indicators reveal that the banking system played a critical role in the calamities and the country experienced a twin crisis in 1931. Chapter 3 zooms in on a particular aspect of the crisis: the political factors behind the weakness of the two countries’ banking systems. Facing social demands but their hands tied by the macroeconomic trilemma, the authorities of both countries had to resort to (ab)using the banking system to provide clandestine economic stimulus. Political interventions into banking encouraged imprudent lending and contributed to the vulnerability of the two banking systems and thereby to the crisis of 1931. Together these findings underscore the economic importance and the political risk of the banking system. They further emphasize the dramatic, and seemingly insurmountable challenges of nation building that Austria and Hungary faced in the interwar years.
12
Schreurs, Twan. "Techno-economic analysis of combined heat pump and PV systems in Austria." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263606.
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With the increasing amount of buildings that are being renovated in Austria, the potential of replacing conventional heating systems with heat pumps increases and thus CO2 emissions could be reduced. Several companies therefore focus on installing combined heat pump and PV systems. The installation of heat pumps and PV systems are being subsidized in Austria with different schemes for every state. The subsidy programs could therefore be clearer and more constant, like the Swedish heat pump subsidies of the last decades. Heat pumps currently cover the heating of over 10% of the gross floor area of single-family houses in Austria. For multifamily houses less than 5% of the gross floor area is heated with heat pumps. The research goal has been to analyze the sensitivity of the net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR) and internal rate of return (IRR) on different input parameters for the replacement of a conventional heating system in a multifamily house, by a heat pump combined with a PV system. This way it could be researched what parameters would have most influence on the profitability of a combined heat pump and PV system. A case study has therefore been performed on the replacement of a gas heating system by an ambient air/water heat pump and a borehole ground source heat pump combined with a PV system in a multifamily house in Vienna. A model has been developed with Excel to perform this analysis uses the building space heating demand generated from a simulation tool created internally by AIT: The Building Model Generator. The model calculates the annual energy demand of a multifamily building in Vienna, which leads to the annual costs and benefits with respect to the conventional gas heating system. This model has been validated by a model created with the Polysun software. The results of the analysis showed that installing a combined heat pump and PV system to replace a gas heating system in a multifamily house would improve the NPV in comparison to installing the heat pump or PV system separately. The BCR is greater than one for both the combined air/water heat pump and PV system (AW HP+PV) and the combined ground source heat pump and PV system (GS HP+PV) for the currently used input. Subsidies currently have a large influence on the NPV and payback time of the installment of these combined systems, especially for the GS HP+PV due to the high investment subsidies for this type of heat pump in Vienna. The sensitivity analysis shows that the bigger the PV area of these combined systems, the higher the BCR, but this BCR increase flattens out for increasing PV areas. The investment costs have a large influence: if these would decrease somehow by 50%, the BCR would double. The large influence of the investment costs is shown by the sensitivity analysis on the assumptions for the heat pump investment costs as well. The electricity price has a larger influence on the BCR than the feed-in tariff does. When the electricity price decreases, the BCR increases. It could be concluded from the sensitivity analysis that the gas price has the largest influence however. Because of this high dependency on the gas price, a gas price increase could even make subsidies redundant. Increasing the gas price could thus be the quickest way to stimulate the sales of combined heat pump and PV systems, which could lead to a decrease of approximately 45%-60% of the total CO2 emissions for every multifamily house where these combined heat pump and PV systems are installed. In the future the Excel model could be included in the Building Model Generator. With only a few input parameters it would then be possible to evaluate the replacement of a heating system with another heating system in different building types for the whole of Austria where there are various subsidy schemes.<br>Med ökande antal byggnader som renoveras i Österrike, ökar även potentialen för att byta ut det konventionella värmesystemet mot värmepumpar. Således kan CO2-utsläpp minskas. Därför fokuserar flera företag på att installera kombinerade värmepump och PV system. Installationen av värmepumpar och PV system subventioneras i Österrike, men subventionerna kan vara klarare och mer konstant, som det har varit i Sverige under de senaste decennierna. För närvarande omfattar värmepumpar mer än 10% av uppvärmningen av den totala golvytan av enfamiljshus i Österrike. Beträffande flerfamiljshus motsvarar värmepumparna mindre än 5% av uppvärmningen av den totala golvytan. Forskningsmålet har varit att analysera känsligheten av nuvärdet (NPV), förmånskostnadskvoten (BCR) och den interna avkastningen (IRR) på olika inmatningsparametrar för ersättningen av ett gasvärmesystem i ett flerfamiljshus, mot en värmepump kombinerat med ett PV system. På så sätt kunde det undersökas vilka parametrar som har mest inflytande på lönsamheten av en värmepump och PV system. Därför utfördes en fallstudie på ersättningen av ett gasvärmesystem med en luft/vatten värmepump och en bergvärmepump kombinerad med ett PV system i ett flerfamiljshus i Wien. En modell har utvecklats med Excel för att utföra den här analysen använder byggnadsutrymmets värmeefterfrågan som genereras av ett program som har skapats internt av AIT:s Building Model Generator. Excelmodellen beräknar det årliga energibehovet av ett flerfamiljshus i Wien, som leder till de årliga kostnaderna och fördelarna med avseende på ett konventionellt gasvärmesystem. Excelmodellen har validerats med en modell som har skapats med mjukvaran Polysun. Resultaten av analysen visade att installera ett kombinerat värmepump- och PV system för att byta ut ett gasvärmesystem i ett flerfamiljshus skulle förbättra NPV-värdet jämfört mot att installera ett värmepumpeller PV system separat. Resultaten visar att, för de aktuella inmatningarna, BCR-värdet är större än ett för både det kombinerade luft/vatten värmepump- och PV systemet (AW HP+PV) och det kombinerade bergvärmepump- och PV systemet (GS HP+PV). För närvarande har subventioner en stor påverkan på NPV-värdet och återbetalningstiden av installationen av dessa kombinerade system, framförallt på GS HP+PV på grund av höga investeringssubventionerna av den här typen av värmepumpar i Wien. Känslighetsanalysen visar att desto större PV-yta av dessa kombinerade system, desto högre BCR-värde, men ökningen plattas ut för ökande PV-ytor. Investeringskostnaderna har stort inflytande: om dessa på något sätt skulle minska med 50%, skulle BCR-värdet fördubblas. Den stora påverkan av investeringskostnaderna visas även i känslighetsanalysen av antagandena för investeringskostnader för värmepumpen. Inmatningstariffen har inte stort inflytande på BCR-värdet. Elpriset har en större påverkan än inmatningstariffen. När elpriset sänks, ökar BCR-värdet. Från känslighetsanalysen kan slutsatsen dras att gaspriset har största inverkan. På grund av den här stora påverkan av gaspriset, kunde även en gasprisökning göra subventioner överflödiga. Att öka gaspriset kunde således vara det snabbaste sättet att stimulera försäljningen av kombinerade värmepump och PV system, som kan leda till en minskning av ungefär 45%- 60% av totala CO2 utsläppen för varje flerfamiljshus där dessa kombinerade värmepump och PV system är installerade. I framtiden kan Excelmodellen komma bifogad i Building Model Generatorn. Med några få inmatningar kommer det sedan vara möjligt att värdera ersättningen av ett värmesystem med ett annat värmesystem i olika byggnadstyper i hela Österrike där flera subventioner gäller.
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Faro, Jeremy. "EU regional policy and contemporary borderland relations between Italy, Slovenia, and Austria." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426622.
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Neumayr, Michaela, Ulrike Schneider, Michael Meyer, and Astrid Haider. "The Non-profit Sector in Austria. An economic, legal und political appraisal Working." Institut für Sozialpolitik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/530/1/document.pdf.
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Steidl, Annemarie, and Engelbert Stockhammer. "Coming and leaving. Internal mobility in late Imperial Austria." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/768/1/document.pdf.
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The paper investigates the determinants of internal migration within late imperial Austria. In contrast to the modernization paradigm which studies onedirectional migration flows from rural to urban areas, our approach highlights that spatial mobility consisted of movements in both directions. Using data on all districts of the Austrian part of the Hapsburg Monarchy, we find that in- and outmigration rates are positively correlated, and that the modernization paradigm in migration research is consistent with our results for net-migration rates, but inconsistent with those for out-migration. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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de, Somer Gregory John Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The Redefinition of Asia : Australian Foreign Policy and Contemporary Asian Regionalism." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38666.
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This thesis set out to ascertain the position of recent Australian Governments on the latest instalments of Asian regionalism in the context of an assessment of whether there has been a redefinition of Asia and thus a redefinition of Australia???s engagement with Asia. It will concentrate on the broad themes of politico-strategic and economic engagement. Whilst there has been extensive research and documentation on the Asian economic crisis there has been less work on the issue of a new Asian regionalism and the implications for Australia???s complex and variable engagement with the region. This is the basis for the claim to originality of this thesis, a claim supported by its focus on the practical and policy implications of Australia???s engagement, or lack of it, with regional institutions. The process of regional integration has been extremely slow, thus supporting the conclusion that there is no evidence of a major redefinition of Asia. Efforts at Asian regionalism are meeting obstacles that pose immense challenges. Asian regionalism remains nascent and poorly defined. This reflects the diversity and enormous disparities in cultures, political systems and the levels of economic development and differences over economic philosophies within East Asia. What is discernible is that the regionalism is proceeding more rapidly on financial issues than on trade, and in the security area it is conspicuously absent. This research highlights the fact that the question of Asian engagement remains a sensitive issue in Australia and continues to grow more complex. Australia???s engagement with Asia since 1996 has been variable because of the Howard Government???s broader balance of priorities between global and regional issues, and because of the changing nature of the Asian region. The perception gleaned from sources is that, for the Australian Government, regionalism initiatives are characterised by much discussion but lack substance. Consequently, this appears to have led the Government to the position that exclusion from some manifestations of regionalism is not so important. Australia is excluded from some of the regional architectures being constructed. In its efforts to seek inclusion in ASEAN + 3 and ASEM, Australia is facing the same barriers that have stood in the way of an AFTA-CER agreement. Exclusion would be important if the performance of regional groupings was not so indifferent. Exclusion from ASEAN + 3 and ASEM, however, does not equate to Australia???s exclusion from the region.
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Vemuri, Avinash. "Dissecting Sino-African Economic Relations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2108.
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In the last 15 years, China has greatly expanded their economic integration with Africa through a multi-dimensional approach. This paper utilizes a fixed effects approach to formally assess the impact of Chinese trade, foreign direct investment, loans, construction and engineering contracts, and labor in Africa on economic growth and human development in 50 African countries. This paper combines data from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), China-Africa Research Initiative (CARI) at John’s Hopkins University, and the UN Human Development Report (HDI) covering the years 2003 to 2017. This study finds that during this period, contracts and foreign direct investment stock positively impact GDP per capita and Human Development Index, and bilateral trade positively impacts Human Development Index.
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Saady, Abaas M. "Economic incentives in the system of environmental-economic relations." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26729.
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Environmental protection in Iraq suffers from a lack of means allocated by the government. In these conditions improving of economic mechanism of the environmental protection plays a crucial role. The main objective of the economic mechanism is to rich the goals of state environmental policy by economic measures.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26729
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Maier, Gunther, Peter Weiss, and Shelby Gerking. "The Economic Evaluation of Job Safety. A Methodological Survey and some Estimates for Austria." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1986. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6230/1/IIR_Disc_30.PDF.
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Karges, Caleb William. ""So perverse an ally" : Great Britain's alliance with Austria in the War of the Spanish Succession." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11687.
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The War of the Spanish Succession saw the culmination in the development of European warfare during the “Military Revolution” period, which saw European states fielding larger armies with geographically more ambitious strategies under the umbrella of the nascent eighteenth‐century phenomenon of the “Fiscal‐Military State.” By investigating the Austro‐British alliance at the diplomatic, strategic, logistical, and operational levels during the war, greater insight can be gained into the mechanics of alliance warfare and how two allies reconcile independent war strategies in order to achieve a common goal. This is done in particular by exploring British attempts to influence Austrian war strategy through the tools of diplomacy and logistics in order to bring it more in line with British war strategy, particularly in the region of southern Europe. The chronological approach adopted by this thesis will demonstrate how the course of a war can influence strategy and, in turn, facilitate or impede allied collaboration. The early years of the war saw unsuccessful attempts at Austro‐British collaboration due to the distance between the two allies and the limited contact between them. The 1703 crisis of the Austrian monarchy following financial collapse, rebellion, and a hostile Bavaria forced a dramatic revision of British strategy, culminating the Blenheim campaign of 1704. The expansion of the war into Iberia saw a broadening of Austro‐British military contacts, and the strategic situation in Italy was the source of greater collaboration. However, this expanded collaboration could prove diplomatically damaging when strategic or operational goals diverged. The later years of the war saw Austro‐British collaboration reach its peak, but Austria had to sacrifice much of the direction of its own war effort in the Mediterranean to Britain as the price for British support. The final years of the war saw British and Austrian war strategies diverge in light of the death of Joseph I.
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Soder, Michael, Kathrin Niedermoser, and Hendrik Theine. "Beyond growth: new alliances for socio-ecological transformation in Austria." Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2018.1454680.
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Trade unions and environmental movements are often seen as political opponents most prominently discussed in the form of the "jobs vs. environment dilemma". Based on historical examples of the conflict relations between trade unions and environmental groups in the Austrian energy sector, this paper showcases how the relationship between the two groups has changed from enmity to first attempts at alliance building. Drawing from analysis of union documents and problem-centred interviews conducted with Austrian unionists, it shows that newly emerging alliances between unions and environmental movements contain the seeds for a broad societal movement that can help overcome the paradigm of growth and actively engage in the creation of policies that support a social-ecological transformation.
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Poh, Ping Lee. "Southeast Asian Economic Relations with Japan." MIT-Japan Program, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9657.
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Soyez, Paul. "Australian-French Mutual Empowerment : Middle Powers. Strategies to Overcome Pacific & Global Challenges." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL080.
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Cette thèse de doctorat démontre pourquoi et comment la France et l’Australie sont actuellement engagées dans un processus de renforcement mutuel, diplomatiquement et économiquement, dans le cadre de leurs propres stratégies de « smart power ». Ce rapprochement a été possible grâce à trente ans d’efforts diplomatiques pour dépasser tensions et incompréhensions culturelles entre acteurs diplomatiques français et australiens. Cette recherche met en lumière les dynamiques historiques de cette relation bilatérale ambiguë. L’analyse se porte sur les acteurs, mécanismes et résultats de la transformation de la relation bilatérale franco-australienne, depuis 1985, années de vives tensions entre Paris et Canberra en raison de la politique française dans le Pacifique, jusqu’au temps présent où les deux pays n’ont jamais été aussi proches depuis la signature de leur partenariat stratégique approfondi en 2017. Cette thèse met en œuvre une approche originale : elle est fondée sur l’étude d’archives françaises et australiennes ainsi que sur des entretiens avec les acteurs principaux de la relation bilatérale. Ces sources sont étudiées à la lumière des théories constructivistes des Relations Internationales et du concept de « smart power » mis au point par Joseph Nye. Cette thèse affirme que la stratégie franco-australienne de renforcement mutuel est la réponse de deux puissances moyennes, une mondiale et l’autre régionale, face aux menaces du contexte international. Il s’agit également d’un outil de modernisation des diplomaties française et australienne. Ce renforcement progressif a été possible grâce à la résolution des trois principaux conflits qui empoisonnèrent la relation bilatérale, liés à la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC), aux essais nucléaires français dans le Pacifique Sud et à la politique française liée aux tensions en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cependant, cette thèse démontre que le rapprochement progressif de la France et de l’Australie a été possible parce que leurs acteurs diplomatiques ont mis en œuvre de nombreuses opportunités de dialogue et de coopération afin de dépasser leur méfiance traditionnelle. La coopération franco-australienne, soutenue tout d’abord par les intérêts de leurs communautés économiques, a désormais la sécurité pour enjeu principal. Canberra et Paris partagent de plus en plus de menaces traditionnelles et non-traditionnelles, dans un contexte de transformation du concept de puissance par son déplacement à de nouveaux acteurs étatiques et sa diffusion à des acteurs non-étatiques. L’approfondissement du partenariat stratégique franco-australien constitue une réponse à ce défi mondial et témoigne du réengagement des deux pays dans l’aire Indo-Pacifique. Cette thèse permet de comprendre un enjeu crucial des Relations Internationales actuelles : l’adaptation des puissances moyennes aux enjeux régionaux et mondiaux par des processus de renforcement mutuel et la mise en œuvre de stratégies de « smart power »<br>This thesis demonstrates why and how France and Australia are currently engaged in a process of diplomatic and economic mutual empowerment as part of their smart power strategies. This rapprochement has been possible owing to thirty years of diplomatic efforts to overcome ongoing culturally and historically constructed misunderstandings and conflicts. The research investigates the historical dynamics behind this ambiguous relationship. It analyses the actors, mechanisms and outcomes relevant to the transformation of the French-Australian bilateral relationship between 1985, a moment of strong tensions between both countries because of France’s Pacific policies, and the present time when Paris and Canberra are closer than they have ever been since the creation of their Enhanced Strategic Partnership in 2017. This thesis follows an original approach. It encompasses constructivist theories and Joseph Nye’s concept of “smart power”, and it is based on the study of French and Australian archives and on expert interviews. This thesis argues that mutual empowerment is the response of two different middle powers, one global and one regional, to global threats and is a modernising tool for France and Australia’s diplomacies. This progressive empowerment has been possible because of the settlement of three main conflicts between France and Australia pertaining to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), French nuclear testing as well as Australia’s opposition to French policies in New Caledonia. However, the progressive rapprochement between France and Australia has primarily been possible because French and Australian policy-makers have instituted constructive opportunities for dialogue and cooperation in order to overcome their ongoing misperceptions. French-Australian cooperation, originally supported by the economic interests of its business communities, primarily aims to tackle common security issues. Canberra and Paris increasingly share the same traditional and non-traditional threats to their security due to the current context of power transition among states and power diffusion to non-state actors. The enhancement of the French-Australian Strategic Partnership is a response to this challenging global context and takes part into Australia and France’s reengagement in the Indo-Pacific region. This thesis provides insight into a significant trend in International Relations: middle powers’ adaptation to regional and global challenges through mutual empowerment and smart power strategies
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Kurth, Audrey Ellen. "The great powers and the struggle over Austria, 1945-1955." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f40b09b1-bf96-40d4-b725-8bc5c0a1018a.
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The Austrian State Treaty, achieved after ten years of occupation of Austria by France, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union, is a frequently cited example of the triumph of painstaking diplomacy between the great powers, but it can more accurately be depicted as the result of unilateral actions by the negotiating countries, particularly the Soviet Union. Careful examination of the records of the negotiations as well as available policy documents of the participants reveals that the highly publicized negotiations gradually became a sophisticated charade for the benefit of European and domestic audiences, while the critical decisions were made elsewhere. Indeed, as Europe grew increasingly polarized very little actual bargaining occurred between East and West; the Austrian negotiations became merely a forum for unilateral action. Thus, in describing the search for Austrian independence, the thesis is not simply a reiteration of the three hundred and seventy-nine meetings of the Foreign Ministers and Foreign Ministers' Deputies for Austria. Rather, it is a uniquely encapsulated version of the course of the Gold War in the ten critical years following the Second World War. The purpose of the thesis is to study, through the prism of British and American documents, the behaviour of the four great powers in the struggle to determine the future of Austria. Examining allied behaviour towards this small but strategically important country, and understanding how the Austrians came to choose a third way between East and West, sheds light upon the great power arrangements in Europe which have persisted to this day.
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Pal, Deep. "India-China Relationship Since 1988 -- Ensuring Economics trumps Politics." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586663.
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<p> The Sino-Indian relationship marked by mutual mistrust for the last six decades has seen definitive changes since the late 1980s. Though considerable issues remain unresolved, the two have begun establishing mechanisms to establish a certain level of trust that began with the visit of Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi to Beijing in 1988. The paper analyzes recent literature on this relationship and finds them predicting two outcomes primarily - either one where India admits Chinese supremacy and kowtows to it, or one that foresees increased clashes between the two. Neither outcome takes into account the complex association that the two nations are building guided by a series of frameworks, mechanisms and agreements. This paper posits that in the evolutionary arc of interstate relations, Sino-Indian relations have not reached a point where only one of the two options - cooperation and competition, will be chosen. This paper argues that economic interests of the two rising powers is behind the present behavior where the two are courting each other but at the same time, preparing for the other's rise. Both countries consider their economic identity to be primary and do not want to be distracted from the key national goal of economic development. They are particularly careful that their disagreements with each other do not come in the way of this goal. The paper analyzes the various frameworks and suggests that they are created with this end in consideration. Both India and China aim to continue collaboration in economic matters bilaterally or in international issues of mutual interest even when they don't see eye to eye on disputes left over from history. It is likely that competition will at times get the better of cooperation, driven by factors like strategic influence in the neighborhood, finding newer providers of energy as well as markets for their goods and services. But periodic flare-ups notwithstanding, in the absence of serious provocations, the two countries will avoid clashes that can escalate. The paper also analyzes certain black-swan events that might disturb the balancing act. Incidents like the death of the Dalai Lama creating a vacuum within the Tibetan leadership is one such scenario; a terrorist attack on India planned and executed form Pakistan like the one in Mumbai in 2008 is another. However, the presence of multiple bilateral platforms will continue to automatically insulate alternate channels of communication even in these situations. In conclusion, the paper suggests that as they grow, India and China will continue to engage each other at several levels, competing and cooperation, deterring and reassuring each other at once.</p>
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King, Kurt Wesley. "Sino-U.S. economic relations : problems and perspectives." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26770.
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U.S.-China economic relations are currently strained as a direct result of the Chinese crackdown of demonstrators in Tiananmen square on June 4, 1989. However, the brutal suppression of the demonstrators is only one aspect of the overall Sino-U.S. economic relationship. This thesis examines the economic relationship beginning in 1978, when China embarked on its modernization effort. Though China has made many improvements in these efforts their modernization effort does not necessarily coincide with United States' desires. Instead, China is concerned with maintaining its socialist character for the foreseeable future. This thesis examines divergent Sino-U.S. economic relations, and offers some various recommendations for American policy-makers depending on the course that China's leadership decides to take. Financial aid, Four modernizations, Most favored nation, New reforms, Reform, Socialism, Technology transfers, Trade relations, U.S. Policy
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Ponniah, Helen. "Malaysia - Japan relations : economic and political implications." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110876.
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Japanese involvement in Malaysia dates back to
the beginning of this century. From the beginning
Japanese interests were predominantly economic in nature
Japan looked upon Malaya as a source of raw materials
and also as a potential market for its finished products
Japan was initially drawn by the rubber industry which
became lucrative in 1910 and the iron ore mines which
were essential for its steel industries. In 1928 iron
ore imports from Malaya accounted for 40 percent of
Japan's total consumption. Japanese cotton goods and
other manufactures were low priced and therefore popular
in Malaysia. However Japanese efforts to make in-roads
on the Malaysian economy were impeded by the British
colonial administration. For example, the British
enacted a Rubber Restriction Act in 1917 which limited
rubber exports to Japan. The British also introduced a
quota system on Japanese manufactured imports in the
late 1930s.
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Herrmann, John. "Japan's economic relations with the South Pacific." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/129551.
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The post-World War II decades witnessed one of the most important economic
achievements in recent world history: the rise of Japan as a global economic
power. This served notice of Japan's new status as an actor on the world stage
and ultimately, of its potential to influence developments around the world. In
the South Pacific, Japan's drive to globalise its giant economy over a period of
four decades generated a considerable impact on the economies of Pacific
Islands countries (PICs). In the period leading up to the mid-1970s, relations
between Japan and the South Pacific developed gradually with a continuing
emphasis on economic involvement initially through trade and investment.
That economic relationship expanded rapidly during the 1980s. Japan's intent
for a role beyond a continuing 'economic' emphasis became increasingly
apparent during this period with Overseas Development Assistance (ODA),
because of its strategic value, becoming a significant component in Japanese
involvement. It was the declaration of the Kuranari Doctrine in 1987 that
made clear Japan's motivation for a greater political role. Thus, from an initial
focus on economic activities in the South Pacific, strategic and political
objectives became important considerations for Japan in the growing economic
relationship.
29
Fürst, Elmar Wilhelm M., and David Martin Herold. "Fare Evasion and Ticket Forgery in Public Transport: Insights from Germany, Austria and Switzerland." MDPI AG, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6569/1/societies%2D08%2D00098.pdf.
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Local public transport companies provide important mobility services to the general public. Although these services are usually subsidised, companies rely on revenues generated by ticket sales. Therefore, fare evasion (i.e., people using a transport service without paying for it) and ticket forgery (the production of an illegal ticket facsimile) have considerable influence on the companies' economic sustainability. As existing research regarding the economic perspective is limited, this paper presents a Delphi study that investigates the phenomena with a survey of experts in public transport companies and transport associations in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The findings of the survey provide insights into the overall perception and discuss relevant aspects of both fare evasion and ticket forgery, thereby not only highlighting practical implications, but also helping policy makers shape adequate policies for public transport in societies.
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Teo, Ernie G. S. Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Strategic economic integration." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31492.
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The French and Dutch refusal to ratify the European Constitution in 2005 and the collapse of many East German businesses post-reunification; are just some examples of the hurdles integrating nations face. Integration of nations affects many economic factors such as public good allocation, trade, production, labour, consumption and even macro-economic policy instruments. Therefore, it is important to understand what motivates integration. Few scholars have broached the subject of the integration of nations (see Goyal and Staal (2004)), where size asymmetry and historical dependence are considered. Starting with Alesina and Spolaore (2003)'s Size of Nations symmetric framework, we attempt to do this with a two nation (asymmetric in size) location model. The key findings are that size differentials and the constitutional design (the identity of the decision maker) matters. In this thesis, we consider the social planner (government) and voters. The social planner maximizes social welfare for his own nation. Voting outcomes become non-trivial as it depends on the number of alternatives and the voting system. We categorize integration into two main forms. Full Integration is when the two nations fully integrate to form a new one, only one capital remains. Federated Integration is where the nations integrate but retain some form of sovereignty; this is represented by the retention of both capitals. Size difference matters when two nations chose to integrate. As the size difference between the two nations increase it becomes harder for integration to occur; nations would integrate if there is no size difference. The identity of the decision maker will affect the threshold on size.
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Giddens, Heather. "Neolithic meshworks : a multi-scalar approach to understanding social relations within the LBK." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91118/.
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This thesis explores the different scales of sociality (or social interaction) found within the LBK through the lens of a broadly meshwork-based perspective. It evaluates the hypotheses that people in the LBK lived in and recognised multiple levels of 'community', that these different communities overlapped, resulting in negotiation and possibly conflict; and that membership of these communities was potentially open and fluid, varying according to season, task or personal preference. With the help of meshwork-thinking, I explore the social relationships that helped to define the LBK. In doing so, I demonstrate that this dynamic, multi-dimensional approach can offer a new perspective on understanding the degree of homogeneity and variation within the LBK tradition. The core of the thesis is divided into three case studies, each concentrating on a specific scale of analysis. The first case study focuses on social interaction at the household scale and considers the emergence of individual households, household complexes and co-operative groups of households within the Merzbach and Schlangengraben valleys. The second case study explores the inter-play between competing family and clan/lineage identities at the scale of the settlement cluster or micro-region. The third case study zooms out to the regional scale of the Lower Rhine basin, tracing more geographically spread patterns in the material culture as well as interaction with non-LBK groups beyond the loess regions. Calling on these cases studies, I also consider how scale was experienced in the LBK.
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Marshall, Alex. "Die uralte moderne Lösung : nation, space and modernity in Austro-German Zionism before 1917." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bfafc7d6-4f9c-4a0e-823f-d087d0dae43e.
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Zionism represents a turning point in the rise of the nation-state to its present near-ubiquity, a national movement which did not construct an identity concurrently with its embrace of nationalism, but reconstructed a diaspora to fit it. I explore how early Political Zionists, particularly Theodor Herzl, perceived both the push and pull of nationalism, and why they were drawn to adopt an ideology and political structure whose basic principles, I argue, were intrinsically hostile to Jews. I begin by examining the socialist Moses Hess as a forerunner and microcosm of later Zionism, arguing his work is underpinned by anxiety about social heterogeneity. The second chapter focuses on portrayals of diaspora, its contradictions and the ambivalence they caused towards less assimilated Jews, nonetheless used as models for national identity. I continue by investigating the countries Herzl looked to as partners on the world stage and models of nationhood, arguing his vision of nationhood was far broader than that of most nationalists and involved a recognised role among other nations. The fourth chapter concerns understandings of 'homeland' and the relationship between people and territory, concluding Zionism's effect is achieved, not just by inhabiting Palestine, but by public desire and effort to do so. I devote my final chapter to concepts of modernity, its perception as both paradoxical and inescapable, and how national historical narratives arrange history into a rational, linear structure. While Zionists left many presumptions of nationalism and modernity unchallenged, most importantly that both nation and state transcend political divides, my conclusion stresses those presumptions they accepted, those aspects they saw as inescapable, and those they pragmatically performed belief in, to achieve Gentile acceptance of Jewish nationhood. I surmise that it was this sense of inevitability, along with the difficulties of diaspora, which gave Jews reason to make displays of accepting the nation-state.
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Mueller, Frank Uwe. "The 'new employee relations' : a comparative study in automobile engine plants in Germany, Britain, Austria and Spain'." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315940.
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Shipton, Frederick David Ronald. "British diplomatic relations with Austria-Hungary and British attitudes to the monarchy in the years 1885-1918." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39631/.
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The present thesis is an investigation into the relations between Great Britain and the Habsburg Monarchy (Austria-Hungary) in these years and how, in the words of Lord Rosebery in 1887 'the natural ally of Great Britain' became the enemy power of 1914 that had to be destroyed. Indeed, great emphasis is placed upon the key role that Britain played in the Monarchy's destruction. (one is reminded, en passant, of the poet William Cowper's admonition of 'love to hatred turned.') The first chapter will examine the general views held of the Monarchy by British travellers and commentators in the 19th and early 20th centuries, while Chapter II will focus on the views of the two greatest commentators on the Monarchy in the English-speaking world- theSlavonic scholar, Robert Seton-Watson and The Times Vienna correspondent, Henry Wickham Steed. Chapter III will deal with a general survey of Anglo-Austrian relations from the 1880's to the crisis years of 1908-9, involving the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, which the subsequent chapter (IV) will examine in detail. Chapter V will look at the following years leading up to the First Worls War with particular reference to the Balkan Wars of 1912-13. Chapter VI (parts 1 and 2) will examine the July crisis and the actual outbreak of war and the attitude of people, press and parliament vis-à-vis the Monarchy when the two countries came to blows the following month in August, while the final Chapter VII will stress the important part that Britain subsequently played in Austria-Hungary's overthrow. In particular great significance will be attached to Sir Edward Grey's failure in the years preceding the First World War to act as an 'honest broker' between the two great rival alliance systems of France and Russia and Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy, and the willingness to accommodate Russia at Austria's expense. This led, it will be argued, to Germany effectively waging, initially, 'a preventve war' before her only real ally either disintegrated internally or was overthrown from without, hopelessly encircled as she was. (The very scenario that Grey claimed he feared the most actually happened largely through his failure to help Austria- the weakest link in the European alliance chain. The fact that the Foregn Office Memorandum of 1916 could argue 'that the Austro-Hungarian Empire must come to an end if the causes of war in the future are to be effectively removed' was, it is argued, merely putting a gloss on an anti-Austrian British Realpolitik formulated in the years before the war broke out, even if not openly acknowledged as such.
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Hanappi, Doris, and Isabella Buber-Ennser. "When Paid Work Matters for Fertility Intentions and Subsequent Behavior: Evidence from Two Waves of the Austrian Gender and Generation Survey." Federal Institute for Population Research, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6560/1/216%2D1041%2D1%2DPB.pdf.
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The anticipated risk of job loss and material insecurity are related to fertility
postponement in the same way as unemployment is. Given the sequential nature
of fertility and occupational decisions, unfavorable working conditions should be
resolved before having children, and result in an increase in people's assignment
of importance to paid work when developing their childbearing plans. We aim to
demonstrate this link, focusing on perceived employment and material insecurity,
the importance assigned to paid work in forming fertility intentions, the construction
of fertility intentions, and their realization. Using two waves of the Austrian
Generations and Gender Survey, we apply probit regressions to analyze gender
variations in the associations between uncertainty conditions, the importance of
paid work, fertility intentions and behavior. Results reveal that work and related
benefi ts become salient when they are insecure, and that material insecurity among
men discourages childbearing. For women, we find support for the hypothesis that
the anticipated risk of job loss inhibits the realization of fertility intentions - intentions
which are less likely to be constructed under such conditions from the onset
of family planning processes.
36
Berteau, John S. "U.S.-Austrian Relations in the Pre-Anschluss Period: FDR'S Unwillingness for War." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/630.
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This paper evaluates the United States' decision not to come to Austria's aid prior to and during the Anschluss of 12 March 1938. The uniqueness of this work is the two-front evaluation of both the internal/domestic affairs of the United States and the foreign policy of the US Government vis-à-vis Hitler's aggressive foreign policy. As this paper will show, Anschluss might have been prevented, but at a cost neither the United States nor European powers were willing to pay. The domestic situation in the United States was too fragile, as was the lack of public support for war for FDR to have any leeway in militarily aiding Austria. American, and to some degree European, opinion held that the Austrian question was a European matter, and to that end American domestic policy dominated foreign policy in hopes of reestablishing the United States economy prior to attempting to aid anyone else.
37
Hamalai, Ladi. "Government-business relations and economic liberalisation in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332789.
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Büge, Max. "Three essays on institutions and international economic relations." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0024.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer empiriquement l'impact de différents cadres institutionnels sur le commerce transfrontalier et l'investissement direct. La thèse se compose de trois essais. Dans le premier essai, j’analyse les répercussions de l'incertitude institutionnelle sur le commerce international. Les résultats impliquent que l'incertitude institutionnelle a un impact négatif, qui est significatif et robuste, sur les volumes d'échanges commeciales. Le deuxième et le troisième chapitre de la thèse portent sur des types particuliers de contrats entre des nations souveraines qui régissent leurs relations économiques: les accords commerciaux préférentiels et des traités bilatéraux d'investissement. L'objectif du deuxième essai est de tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle un accord commercial préférentiel accroît l'investissement bilatéral de ses membres. Econométriqument, je trouve un effet fort et robuste qui confirme cette hypothèse (pour les pays développés et les pays en voie de développement). Basé sur les résultats du deuxième chapitre, je teste dans un troisième essai si un traité bilatéral d'investissement entre un pays en voie de développement et un pays développé influence les flux commerciaux des partenaires, mais un effet empirique des traités bilatéraux d'investissement sur le commerce s’éffond quand l’exogénéité stricte est prise en compte<br>The objective of this PhD thesis is to to empirically assess the impact of different institutional frameworks on cross-border trade and direct investment. The thesis consists of three substantive essays. In the first essay, I analyze the repercussions of institutional uncertainty on international trade. The results imply that institutional uncertainty has a significant and robust negative impact on trade volumes. The second and the third chapters of the thesis focus on particular types of contracts among sovereign nations that govern their economic relations: preferential trade agreements and bilateral investment treaties. The objective of the second essay is to test the hypothesis that a preferential trade agreements increases the bilateral investment of its members and I find a strong and robust effect (for developed and developing countries alike). Based on the results of the second chapter, I test in a third essay whether a bilateral investment treaty between a developing and a developed country influences the partners’ trade flows, but the empirical effect of bilateral investment treaties on trade collapses once strict exogeneity is accounted for
39
Liashenko, A. V. "Diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Germany: economic aspect." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86554.
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The master’s thesis focuses on diplomatic relationships between Ukraine and Germany the context of national development priorities. The main factors which affect on the influencing on international business. The main aim of this research is to recommendations to improve the relationships and bussines between Ukraine and Germany.<br>Магістерська робота присвячена дипломатичним відносинам між Україною та Німеччиною в контексті пріоритетів для національного економічного розвитку.
Основною метою даного дослідження є рекомендації щодо покращення відносин та бізнесу між Україною та Німеччиною.
40
Школа, Вікторія Юріївна, Виктория Юрьевна Школа, Viktoriia Yuriivna Shkola, and М. Д. Вавілічев. "Competitiveness of Ukraine in modern international economic relations." Thesis, Сумський державний педагогічний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/82658.
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Україна займає значне місце у світовій економіці з точки зору свого ресурсного потенціалу та людських ресурсів, які досі не досягнуті в повному обсязі. Визначальним показником ефективності економічної політики держави є її місце у світових рейтингах. Загалом існує близько десяти міжнародних показників. Найпоширенішими є Індекс глобальної конкурентоспроможності, KOF Індекс глобалізації та Індекс легкості ведення бізнесу, Індекс економічної свободи, Індекс сприйняття корупції, Індекс людського розвитку, HDI, Індекс свободи преси. Відповідно до сучасних умов макроекономічної ситуації необхідно постійно контролювати місце України у міжнародних рейтингах та проводити комплексну оцінку. Оскільки відповідні місця України в рейтингу світових організацій є ключовими показниками розвитку її економіки.<br>Украина занимает значительное место в мировой экономике по ресурсному потенциалу и человеческим ресурсам, которые до сих пор полностью не реализованы. Определяющим показателем эффективности экономической политики государства является его место в мировых рейтингах. Всего существует около десяти международных индексов. Наиболее распространенными являются Индекс глобальной конкурентоспособности, KOF Индекс глобализации и Индекс легкости ведения бизнеса, Индекс экономической свободы, Индекс восприятия коррупции, Индекс человеческого развития, Индекс свободы прессы. В соответствии с текущими условиями макроэкономической ситуации необходимо постоянно отслеживать место Украины в международных рейтингах и давать комплексную оценку. Ведь соответствующие места Украины в рейтинге мировых организаций являются ключевыми показателями развития ее экономики.<br>Ukraine takes a significant place in the world economy in terms of its resource potential and human resources, which are still not fully achieved. The determining indicator of the effectiveness of the economic policy of the state is its place in global rankings. In total, there are about ten international indexes. The most common are the Global Competitiveness Index, the KOF Index of Globalization, and the Ease of doing business Index, Index of Economic Freedom, Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI, Human Development Index, HDI, Press Freedom Index, PFI.
In accordance with the current conditions of the macroeconomic situation, it is necessary to constantly monitor Ukraine's place in international rankings and to make a comprehensive assessment. As the relevant Ukraine's places in the rating of world organizations are key indicators of its economy development.
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Badin, Nicola <1994>. "Thailand: regional prospective and Italian trade-economic relations." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14154.
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Thailand has been recognised a one of the most vibrant economy in the Southeast Asia region and it has benefited from significant foreign direct investment from European Nations, including Italy. The thesis will be divided in two main parts. In the first one will be analysed the area in which the country is located in different prospects: geographic, historic and economic. A tangled network of historic and geographic reasons have contributed to create the complex region known as Southeast Asia. The first chapter will be, indeed, dedicated to explain the geography of the region focusing on important elements like the hydrography and the orography since they have a deep connection with the society and the economy of the Area. The Second Chapter will described the regional organization which became an important geo-strategic asset in the international diplomacy and in the global economic cooperation: the ASEAN. Primarily, we give an insight of the ten member states economies, with their main strengths, weakness and potential. Furthermore, we analyze the structure of the ASEAN in term of Social-Political and Economic collaboration, the main benefits and impact for the countries and then what place the organization have in the international chessboard.
The second part of the project will focus deeply on the Thailand present economic situation and the bilateral economic and trade with the EU and Italy. Finally, in the last chapter we will cover the architecture of the International systems’ institutions that assist promotion of Italy abroad. The section will include the analysis of the work of the Thai-Italian Chamber of Commerce and business internationalisation cases which I personally followed.
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Mills, Jason. "Sino-American economic relationship after the global economic slowdown." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33994.
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The continued funding of America's persistent trade and fiscal deficits has sparked debate among international economists. One controversial explanation argues that East Asia is pursuing "Bretton Woods II" and funding American deficits as part of a greater development policy. This paper examines the Chinese policy response to the global economic crisis and finds that China's policy actions provide evidence for "Bretton Woods II." Furthermore, the Sino-American relationship is now characterized by codependence which has implications for the policy decisions of each country.
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Rammer, Christian, and Helmut Gassler. "The Opening of Eastern Europe: Regional Variations in the Economic Consequences for Austria. Some Empirical Results for Manufacturing." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1995. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4185/1/WSG_DP_4595.pdf.
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Stokes, David Robert. "A failed alliance and expanding horizons : relations between the Austrian Habsburgs and the Safavid Persians in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6385.
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Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, both Austria and Persia were each repeatedly at war with the Ottoman Turks. Diplomats travelled between the two countries in an attempt to forge an alliance against their common enemy. Although the alliance never materialized the relationship broadened to cover other concerns. Despite cultural differences, both countries tried to work together and approached each-other as equals. Contact between the countries exposed both cultures to wider influences. Their changing relationship illustrates the priorities of both parties. This thesis, for the first time, uses primary sources to view the evolution of the relationship over the two century reign of the Safavid dynasty. It charts the course of their diplomatic relationship, examines the turning point in this relationship, and explores why the alliance both sides wanted never materialized. By examining Austria's diplomatic initiatives to the east this thesis helps correct the historiographical imbalance in central European history of concentration on only European affairs, and shows that their understanding of the east was more nuanced than is often credited.
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Schultz, Daniel Mark. "Opportunities and constraints in the management of small countries' trade relations : the cases of Canada-U.S.A. and Austria-EEC." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303571.
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Bachleitner, Kathrin. "Diplomacy with memory : West German and Austrian relations with Israel." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e9b772b-704c-4db0-af96-2fe7c65bf4ee.
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This thesis analyses international state behaviour by countries that share a historic legacy, and examines the delicate relations between West Germany, Austria and Israel in the wake of the Second World War as a case study. In it I propose a model - 'diplomacy of memory' - for this currently untheorized form of diplomatic conduct in order to explain how countries use official memories of their past on the international stage. Linking the interdisciplinary concept of collective memory with International Relations, my study characterizes the practice of 'diplomacy with memory' as a distinct policy undertaking that shapes and broadcasts historical narratives internationally for strategic foreign policy objectives. To empirically test the diplomacy of memory model, this thesis investigates the two cases of West German-Israeli and Austrian-Israeli relations in the aftermath of World War II. Within these selected pairs, four core bilateral debates are analysed: first, reparation payments to Israel in 1951/52; second, the trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem in 1960/61; third, the Six-Day War in 1967 and fourth, the Yom Kippur War and oil crisis of 1973. While the first two cases explore how the memory of the Nazi past is leveraged as part of later diplomatic strategies, the latter two, which concern West Germany's and Austria's reaction to the Middle East conflict, reveal a more subtle connection between national memories and foreign policy choices around key international conflicts. This study engages in historical inquiry, based on archival documents and other primary sources in all three countries, to demonstrate how a country's collective memory is invented and deployed on the international stage. Combining the theoretical aim of specifying the link between national narratives and diplomacy with the qualitative analysis of two historic cases, this thesis rests at the intersection of International Relations and History.
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Khouangvichit, Damdouane. "Socio-Economic Transformation and Gender Relations in Lao PDR." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33937.
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The aim of this study is to examine socio-economic transformation and gender relations in Lao PDR after the adoption of economic liberalization by the Lao government in the late 1980s. Against a background of general socio-economic transformation in Laos the main focus of the study is on the local level, with emphasis on how people in their everyday lives have engaged with and handled the changes. The application of economic liberalization shaped new conditions for people in local communities, and various livelihoods strategies were adopted under the new circumstances. The study examines gender relations, livelihoods and actors of change in two different contexts of globalization. The first context is the case of foreign direct investment in the Sepone mine, the largest gold-copper mine in the country located in Vilabury district, Savannakhet province. Five villages located close to the mine and directly affected by the operation were chosen as research site. The second case is the context of international tourism development in the small town of Vang Vieng, situated halfway between Vientiane Capital and the world heritage town of Luangprabang. The purpose with the two case studies is to examine how changes take place in different places of the same country under the same political direction and development policy. The study is inspired by theories of space and place and the view that phenomena are place-based and different places are constituted by different socio-spatial relations. The findings show that profound changes took place both in the economic and social-cultural spheres, including in gender relations. The two contexts experienced different processes of changes: in the context of Vilabury district, the transformation was produced through top-down development and created a dependency pattern where new social inequalities and social stratification emerged through unequal access to the new resources of the villagers. In the context of Vang Vieng and the expansion of international tourism, the development process proceeded more through a bottom-up pattern; the villagers perceived they were important actors of development, had more equal access to resources and could define livelihood strategies by themselves.
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Beynon, Robert Arthur. "Decline and growth : Canadian-Japanese economic relations, 1978-1988." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29185.
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This thesis examines the development of Japanese economic interest in Canada between 1978 and 1988, with a special emphasis on multinational decision making. The paper takes an eclectic approach to the issue because the trends within different industrial sectors varied widely, from strong growth in forestry investment and trade to slow expansions of technological ties. As a result of the increasing importance of the United States and the European Economic Community in the eyes of Japanese managers, coupled with the decline of the energy crisis in mid decade, resource suppliers like Canada declined in relative importance to Japan during this period, although Japanese investment and trade here expanded steadily in real terms.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>History, Department of<br>Graduate
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Гладченко, Оксана Робертівна, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко, Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko, and I. S. Marekha. "Air quality management within the international economic relations framework." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17155.
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Грищенко, Олена Федорівна, Елена Федоровна Грищенко, Olena Fedorivna Hryshchenko, et al. "Ecological factor in regulation of Ukrainian international economic relations." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8451.
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