Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Economic relations with Austria

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Economic relations with Austria”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Economic relations with Austria"

Sorokin, Alexey. "Trade and Economic Relations as an Instrument of Soviet Policy to Maintain Austria's Neutrality (1955—1964)". ISTORIYA 15, nr 1 (135) (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840030004-3.

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Trade and economic relations played an important role for the Soviet Union in the policy of maintaining Austrian neutrality. This was expressed, on the one hand, in the desire to prevent Austria from joining the structures of European integration, the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community. On the other hand, the Soviet Union made considerable efforts to develop bilateral trade and increase its own trade turnover with Austria. Such combined actions were supposed to have an impact on the preservation and transformation of Austrian neutrality in the manner necessary for the Soviet Union.

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Budiak, Yu I., B. A. Giter i E. A. Grechko. "Cross-border cooperation in the Czech-Austrian borderland". Regional'nye issledovaniya, nr 2 (2019): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2019-2-7.

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After WWII the transformation of the Czech-Austrian borderlands is connected with destruction of single ethno-cultural and economic space, lengthy period of the border impenetrability, social and economic backwardness of the borderlands. That period of Czech-Austrian relations has had lasting impact, strengthening the mental borders between the Austrian and the Czech that slows the recovery of the ties. The Czech-Austrian interaction within the framework of euroregions play a significant role in the revival of relationships. Among the existing in the Czech Republic euroregions with the participation of Austria (Shumava, Pomoraví, Silva Nortica), only Silva Nortica completely based on bilateral Czech-Austrian cooperation for the sustainable development of border areas. The article examines causes and consequences of the Czech-Austrian ties destruction, as well as the process of their recovery using the case of the Euroregion Silva Nortica. In the paper, we showed the importance of non-economic factors in the development of cross-border cooperation. Despite significant progress in the economic relations between Austria and the Czech Republic, especially in trade and tourism, the interaction in the borderlands remains low. To enhance this interaction, the countries attempts to create new “points of attraction” by consolidation of public services, for example, fire department within the euroregions

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Martinets, Yuliya A. "SOVIET-AUSTRIAN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AS A PROBLEM OF RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY". RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, nr 4 (2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-4-19-31.

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This article is devoted to the trade and economic relations between the USSR and the Austrian Republic, whose modern borders were drawn up only at the end of the Second World War. The author aims to give a brief overview of the main scientific results (dissertation studies, monographs, scientific articles) of domestic – Soviet and Russian – historians and economists. The article attempts to analyze the influence of the state ideology on the development of domestic Austrian studies and to trace the reflection of the ideological confrontation between the East and the West during the Cold War on the works devoted to the Soviet-Austrian relations. Analyzing the topics of key scientific works, the author identifies several large thematic layers in the study of the history of the modern Austrian Republic and its interaction with the USSR and the Russian Federation. Among them: the political life of Austria, its international interaction, the economic development of the Austrian Republic, as well as the Soviet-Austrian relations in the political sphere. Nevertheless, both in Soviet and Russian historiography, according to the author, there are still poorly studied areas – the least covered topic remains the trade and economic interaction of the modern Austrian Republic with the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century

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Szewior, Krzysztof. "Scientific Research in Austrian Security Strategies and Research on Security and Defence". Przegląd Strategiczny, nr 15 (15.02.2023): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2022.1.24.

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Official documents of the Austrian government indicate the growing dependence of the economy and society on technical infrastructure, which required continuous research. Austria has developed a national research program to promote its economy, technology and cooperation. It is also intended to support the Austrian defence and civilian economy as a coherent part of the EU’s research, technology and economic structures. This text is based in particular on primary literature, which includes documents of EU institutions, Austrian security and defence strategies, and statements of the Ministry of Defense. This publication attempts to answer the question of how Austria made an effort to integrate security and defence issues with the national research-technology-innovation system (Forschung-Technologie-Innovation, hereinafter FTI), with the specificity of the domestic industry dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper is based on the analysis of documents and scientific interpretation of key EU and Austrian positions. The research aims to analyze and understand the role of research in the concept of (national) security in Austria and to link it with the EU’s security and defence policy. Research and this publication verify the assumption that the security and strategic autonomy of the EU / Member States require integrated solutions (Europeanization process). Going beyond the soft impact toward hard instruments requires a knowledge-based development and synergies of coherent strategies, technologies and research. The EU saw the need for a structured promotion of research and innovation in the field of security and defence. Austria has been developing such research for several years, mainly at the national level and application. The steps taken by Austria demonstrate the will to operate in wider EU (infra) structures and to benefit from financial instruments while supporting and profiting from socio-economic processes.

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Keller, Andrei. "“Act Quickly and Correctly, in the Austrian Way”: Delivering Compensation from Austria to the USSR, 1955—1963". ISTORIYA 13, nr 2 (112) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020439-1.

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This article examines the delivery of Austrian compensation and oil to the USSR from the signing of the relevant treaty on 15 May 1955 to 1963. The article's aim is to analyse the formation of bilateral economic relations between the Soviet Union and Austria during the post-war socioeconomic and political transformations of European space. The course and mechanisms of compensation delivery are analysed, as is their meaning in Soviet and Austrian perceptions. It is concluded that the personal diplomacy of Austrian and Soviet politicians was important in the formation of friendly relations between the two countries, which came into being despite the stark confrontation between the blocs during the Cold War.

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Kisztelińska-Węgrzyńska, Agnieszka. "Partner na trudny czas. Obraz Austrii w świetle materiałów Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej z lat 1980–1983". Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, nr 24/1 (29.04.2016): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2016.24.06.

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The aim of this article is to show how the Fourth Department (Western Europe) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) assessed its relations with Austria in 1980–1983. This topic is analysed from the perspective of the existing research on Polish foreign policy and its relations with the West. The article mainly presents the Polish perspective of bilateral relations and efforts to restore good trade relations with Austria. Before martial law was introduced in the PRL, this neutral Western country had evidently favoured Polish affairs in the international arena. The contribution of Bruno Kreisky’s personal diplomacy to the development of trade relations with the PRL is also taken into account. There is a thesis that Austria was one of the first countries in the West which renewed diplomatic relations with the PRL after their having been frozen in December 1981. In the light of the existing studies, such measures were first taken in 1984 in the so-called fraternal countries and in 1985 in Western countries. Materials taken into account in this analysis have not yet been published, and come from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the Polish diplomatic documents from 1980–1983, Austria has the image of „a partner in difficult times”. Since 1970, the Austrian government under the leadership of Chancellor Bruno Kreisky was at first perceived exceptionally well in the PRL, compared to other Western countries. After the imposition of martial law, Vienna repeatedly confirmed its willingness to provide Poland with not just humanitarian, but also diplomatic and economic support, refraining from making negative comments on Polish authorities on the international forum. Kreisky avoided sharp statements against Polish authorities, fearing the possible escalation of the conflict. He was convinced that the shift in power was not possible at that time and in that area. He judged negatively Western economic sanctions for two reasons. As he claimed, they struck only the society and common people, having no impact on the decisions of Polish politicians; on the other hand, they threatened the interests of Austria, which was inclined to import Polish raw materials and repay the existing financial obligations. Shortly after the exchange of correspondence on the circumstances of the martial law, the Austrian side, through the Embassy in Vienna, offered to re-establish correct relations. They excluded the possibility of conducting official state visits until the lifting of martial law; however, in April 1983, the first working group meeting with Otto von Bauer, the Deputy Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Austria, was arranged in Vienna. This event was treated as an example to follow in the other diplomatic posts of the Fourth Department.

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Mironov, V. V. "Mexico and Austria-Hungary: a difficult path to normalize relations". Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, nr 1 (17.02.2024): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-1-233-245.

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Importance. The reasons for the restoration of interstate contacts between Mexico and Austria- Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century are analyzed and their evolution during the “porphyriate”, the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1917 and the World War I is traced.Materials and Methods. Based on a critical analysis of domestic and foreign research literature using historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods, the course of resolving the longstanding interstate conflict and the evolution of military-political and trade relations between Mexico and Austria-Hungary in the last third of the 19th century – 1918 are traced.Results and Discussion. The development of military-political and economic contacts between Mexico City and Vienna, interrupted after the execution of Maximilian Habsburg in 1867, took place after their resumption in 1901, despite the initial dissatisfaction expressed by the Hungarian parliamentary opposition with the infringement of national economic interests on a mutually beneficial basis. The reasons for this were both the internal needs of Mexico, which was in dire need of human resources, and the desire of the business circles of Austria-Hungary to join the struggle for the application of capital and markets overseas.Conclusion. During the revolution of 1910–1917, special attention was paid to Austria-Hungary’s increasing arms exports to Mexico, in the context of which Vienna considered the possibility of recognizing a particular political regime. The leadership of the Habsburg Monarchy also showed interest in Mexico as a possible base for its navy overseas. Austria-Hungary’s diplomacy in Mexico City during the World War I acted in line with Germany’s efforts to involve Mexico in a military conflict with the United States in order to prevent them from joining the Entente.

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Kotova, Elena. "The German Question in the Foreign Policy of the Austrian Empire in 1850—1866". ISTORIYA 12, nr 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016050-4.

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For centuries, the House of Austria (the Habsburgs) maintained its leadership in the Holy Roman Empire, and later in the German Union. But in the middle of the 19th century the situation changed, Austria lost its position in Germany, lost to Prussia in the struggle for hegemony. The article examines what factors influenced such an outcome of the German question, what policy Austria pursued in the 50—60s of the 19th century, what tasks it set for itself. The paper traces the relationship between the domestic and foreign policy of Austria. Economic weakness and political instability prevented the monarchy from pursuing a successful foreign policy. The multinational empire could not resist the challenge of nationalism and prevent the unification of Italy and Germany. Difficult relations with France and Russia, inconsistent policy towards the Middle German states largely determined this outcome. The personal factor was also important. None of the Austrian statesmen could resist such an outstanding politician as Bismarck.

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Vasil'ev, V. "Russia and Austria: Mutually Beneficial Cooperation and its Prospects". World Economy and International Relations, nr 10 (2014): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-10-28-36.

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The aim of this article is to explore political aspects of Russian–Austrian relations in the conditions of globalization and European integration, and the factors contributing to the advanced development of multidimensional interaction between Moscow and Vienna. The paper deals with approaches taken by the Government and the main parties in Austria to the policy in Russian direction; it also singles out the trends of the bilateral partnership widening. An important element consists in the analysis of image formation of contemporary Russia and Austria. For Austrians, the quality of Russia’s political setup and its socio-economic model is determined by the existence of a real multi-party system, competitiveness between parties in elections and objective summing up of voting returns, natural change of elites, efficiency of various sectors within economy, and the degree of effort aimed to combat corruption. Vienna is criticizing Moscow for actions, which, as seen by Austrian experts, are a violation of human rights and freedoms and constrict the opportunities for development of civil society in Russia. Analysis reveals that the political dialogue is a pragmatic foundation for diverse bilateral links. Stability and reliability of Russian–Austrian relations is confirmed by regular contacts at the top and high level, intensity of cross-sectoral consultations, building up of inter-parliamentary relations and strengthening of fruitful cooperation between regions and cities of the two countries. The trade and economic dimension of bilateral relations imply an incremental cooperation between Moscow and Vienna because Austria’s achievements in innovative, high-tech and other fields, on one hand, meet Russia’s needs in modernizing its national economy and, on the other hand, ensure the sales of Austrian export items in Russian markets as well as safeguard the continuous prosperity for citizens of the Alpine Republic. Cultural and scientific ties as a value factor in bilateral relations testify to the natural attraction of people in both countries and create favorable prerequisites for a dialogue on the issues of common European values. The Austrian experience is of major scientific and practical interest in many respects. Present-day theory and practice of Austria’s governmental and party construction point to the democratic opportunities of involving of various population sections in political competition, and a joint quest for a compromise between different regions, political forces and ethnic groups. The institution of social partnership seems useful. Rich experience of cooperation, high degree of confidence at the political level, long-lasting mutual likes between Russians and Austrians allow one to speak in terms of an unique creative potential of Moscow and Vienna that is successfully implemented in various spheres of socio-political life.

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Pichler, Rupert. "Economic policy and development in Austrian Lombardy, 1815–1859". Modern Italy 6, nr 1 (maj 2001): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940120045551.

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SummaryThe question of economic integration is not new in Europe. Historically, the birth and construction of nation-states was important in stimulating interest in the systematic relationships between political and economic integration. In the case of the multinational structure of the Habsburg monarchy in the nineteenth century, the result was an economic policy that, for political reasons, aimed to unite the material interests of a state that was completely heterogeneous in other respects. Lombardy was a case in point. Traditionally the region had been in the economic vanguard in central Europe. When it again became part of Austria in 1815 it also became subject to the imperial policy of political integration. As a result its economic priorities were partially reformulated. On the one hand, Austria had a protectionist system aimed at autarky which made incentives to industrial production a priority. Lombardy's purely mercantilist outlook, on the other hand, was based around the production of a few highly specialized goods, most notably silk, for export. Conflict between economic interests in Lombardy was the inevitable result. Nevertheless, the imperial government had to take account of the fact that it was impossible to restrict Lombardy's international trade relations exclusively to the Austrian market. And the problems that beset any effort to tie the Lombard economy into a denser network of relationships with the Austrian market were not due to the political formation of the Italian nation because Northern Italy, and Lombardy in particular, continued to occupy an anomalous position within the context of the Italian economy.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Economic relations with Austria"

Ward, Stuart. "Discordant communities : Australia, Britain and the EEC, 1956-1963". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27667.

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This work is concerned with the demise of ‘British race patriotism’ in Australian political culture in the late 19505 and early 1960s. The organic ideal of British racial community was a founding ideological pillar of Australian nationality for much of this century, yet the declining relevance of these ideas, and the emergence of a more limited, exclusive conception of Australian ‘community’ has not been adequately addressed in the existing historical literature. In many respects, the waning appeal of ‘Britishness’ in Australia was a gradual and piecemeal process, but at the level of Australian political culture the shifts in outlook and assumptions occurred surprisingly rapidly, and converged largely around a single key event; namely, the first British application for membership of the European Economic Community in the years 1961 to 1963. The Macmillan Govemment’s painful choice between the discordant communities of ‘Europe’ and the ‘the British race’ provoked a crisis of British race patriotism in Australia, and prompted long overdue reflection, discussion and debate about the changing determinants of Australian nationhood in the post-war world. This occurred, not under the impetus of an instinctive dawning of an innate and assertive Australian nationalism as is often suggested, but in reaction to the demise of British race patriotism as a viable and credible framework for the ordering of Australian loyalties, priorities and policies. In the case of Britain's EEC membership application, it is significant that the revision of sentimental assumptions took place after it had become painfully self-evident that the United Kingdom was determined to pursue national interests and a national destiny that could no longer be reconciled with the traditional conception of organic Anglo-Australian community. The tensions and contradictions between ‘sentiment’ and 'self—interest‘, long inherent in Australia's political and economic ties to Great Britain, imploded under the impetus of the Macmillan Government's EEC aspirations. Before any limited. sovereign, national community could become fully imaginable in Australian political culture, it was a necessary precondition that the wider sense of British racial community should become ‘unimaginable’.

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Johnson, Kevin. "Subnational economic development in federal systems : the case of Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0014.

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[Truncated abstract] The objectives of this study are threefold: Firstly, to consider the relevance (to subnational state development) and adaptability (to globalisation) of federalism from a Western Australian perspective. Secondly, to consider the way in which various State Governments in Western Australia have implemented economic development policies to benefit from the global political economy. Finally, it proposes alternative mechanisms for guiding long-term economic development policy decision-making in Western Australia. This final objective is addressed in light of the findings of the first two. It is recognised that incremental changes are possible in full knowledge of the embedded nature of the policy-making process in Western Australia . . . In the case of Western Australia, subnational autonomy does not herald the end of the nationstate so much as a new stage in globalisation. In terms of how the Western Australian State Government attracts capital and labour investment, its history as an independent colony and its physical isolation from the other colonies have created the initial conditions that frame the policy-making process, which includes a set of drivers influencing the decisions that are made by State agents. Overall, the State Government continues to reinforce the State’s role as a peripheral resource supplier to the national and global political economy. Within this context, however, alternative strategies can be proposed that may contribute to the long-term sustainable development of the State’s economy.

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Chang, Hung. "Cross-strait relations in the process of economic integration : same game, but different logic". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91137/.

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This thesis provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the contentious “sovereignty” dispute between Taiwan and China, especially following the signing of the Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) in 2010. Distinctive from many contemporary studies of cross-Strait relations, this research analyzes Beijing’s and Taipei’s political agendas regarding sovereignty in the broader context of East Asian economic integration, as the ECFA is in fact the byproduct of their regional strategies. Commercial diplomacy and interdependence theory constitute the theoretical framework of this thesis. Moreover, this thesis employs various definitions of sovereignty in order to evaluate the extent to which China has impacted upon Taiwan’s sovereignty in the process of economic integration. By employing document analysis and elite interview methodologies, this thesis finds that Taipei has a limited ability to protect its sovereignty from China’s commercial diplomacy in the post-ECFA era. This outcome can be explained by Beijing’s efforts to marginalize Taiwan during the construction of East Asian regionalism, which has driven Taipei to shift its strategy from confrontation to cooperation with Beijing so as to secure its economic and sovereignty interests. To date, economic integration features centrally in Taiwan’s new Mainland policy. This has increased the degree of Taiwan’s economic dependence on China, which gives greater scope for Beijing to wield commercial diplomacy to infringe upon Taiwan’s domestic, functional, and de jure sovereignty. This thesis makes two overall contributions. The most significant contribution of this thesis is its pioneering research approach, which analyzes how China and Taiwan reconcile their economic interests and sovereignty concerns through the lens of commercial diplomacy. Furthermore, by categorizing sovereignty according to its different aspects, this thesis also contributes to the understanding of the effectiveness of China’s commercial diplomacy in furthering its sovereignty interests with regards to Taiwan.

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Zhang, Qing. "Management of construction international joint ventures between Australia and Asia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36103/1/36103_Zhang_2000.pdf.

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In recent years, many of South East Asian countries have experienced high levels of economic growth. Coupled with their sheer population, this has led to a huge demand for the improvement of infrastructure. The construction market is growing rapidly in these countries, with governments encouraging multinational companies to set up joint ventures with the local companies to bring in advanced construction technology. International Joint Venture (IJV) as a unique formation of project structure has become one of the most widely used methods for multinational construction companies to enter into the Asian market. Australia is building closer relationships with Asian countries and is playing an active role in the economy development of Asia Pacific region. Australian contractors are also trying to gain a foothold in the international construction market. They have the geographical advantage over their US or European competitors to target the Asian market. Despite all this, the Australian construction industry has been slow in accessing the Asian market, and has experienced many difficulties. As a result of the increasing interest in joint ventures in the business environment and the high failure rate of the IJV, the study of IJV is gaining increasing popularity among researchers. Most of the research has focused on the motivations to joint venture. For example, past studies have investigated joint ventures as means of coping with resource limitations and uncertainty, reduction of risk and/or uncertainty, and expediting entry into a new geographic or technological market. Another focus of joint venture research has been on joint venture performance and control. However, little literature is available on how to manage the IJV between Australia and Asian countries. As more and more Australian companies are forming joint ventures in Asian developing countries, it is important to investigate the performance of these joint ventures. This research project aims at the Australian IJV in Asia. After the analysis of existing joint venture problems, four areas of joint venture management - joint venture formation, joint venture partnership and negotiation, joint venture organisational management and joint venture project management have been identified as the research concentration. Industry interviews and a questionnaire survey has been used to collect data. Research findings are further developed into a theoretical model for Australian IJV management.

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Jones, Sharon L. "The economic trend in immigration policy: a comparative analysis of the entrepreneur/investor program in Canada, United States and Australia". Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Shiravi-Khozani, Abdolhossein. "The legal aspect of international countertrade, with reference to the Australian Legal System". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5577.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 462-479. "... to provide a basis for understanding countertrade practices. In particular, however, it aims to provide assistance to trading parties to identify the problems associated with various forms of countertrade and to give them guidance in drafting countertrade contracts in the light of Australian law.".

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Gow, John F. "The Construction of Hegemony: a World-Historical Study of Australian Politics and External Relations 1932-1988". Thesis, Griffith University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367664.

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Despite a wide recognition that external relationships are a significant force in shaping the pattern of Australian economic and political history, available theories for analysing the interplay of external and internal processes -- political sociology, dependency and world systems theory -- do not provide a reliable basis for coming to tenns with this aspect of Australia's historical experience in a contemporary setting. The world-historical perspective, as developed in an Australian context by McMichael, does addresses this problem usefully, but it is of limited contemporary utility since it largely focuses on the colonial period of the first half of the nineteenth century when Australia's economic structure and political institutions were relatively undeveloped. Two major areas of theoretical debate are addresed in chapters two and three. Chapter Two critically re-evaluates the utility of political sociology for a world-historical approach by analysing debates about nation-state territoriality. In Chapter Three the discussion considers dependency and world system perspectives, as well as couurent debates within international relations through a critical a~sessment of their approach to the historical development of the nation-state system. The thesis then proposes a re-evaluation of the applicability of the notion of hegemony to the study of relationships between nation-states, and a conception of a regime-governed international order as an alternative to the current approaches. Within this conceptual framework, the thesis focuses on a case study of the establishment, consolidation and decline of United States hegemony, and the concomitant decline of British power, in the Asia-Pacific region, and Australia's active engagement with this historical process. The ways in which this external program of United States regime-building impinged upon Australian domestic politics and established an external source of state legitimacy for both Labor and conservative governments is analysed in chapters Five and Six. These chapters also discuss the effects on the economic and political transformation of Australia from the l930s to the 1950s and continuing problems which follow the aftermath of the defeat of the 'Western alliance' in Vietnam and the onset of the global recession. The concluding chapter consolidates the linkage between the empirical and theoretical content of the thesis in order to propose a conceptual approach to the study the relationships between nation-states and the international order and to apply this approach to a consideration of the future prospects for Australia.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Division of Humanities
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Gruber, Isaiah. "The Muscovite embassy of 1599 to Emperor Rudolf II of Habsburg". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0022/MQ50518.pdf.

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Schulze, Max-Stephan. "Economic development of Austria-Hungary's machine-building industry, 1870-1913". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1272/.

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This thesis examines the economic development of industrial engineering in Austria-Hungary between 1870 and 1913. The pattern of sectoral change in Austria's machine-building industry is investigated in Chapter Two. New output estimates indicate that mechanical engineering took a course quite different from that suggested in recent historiography. Austria's capital goods sector was subject to prolonged stagnation during the "Great Depression" of the 1870s and 1880s. But during the subsequent two decades mechanical engineering made a large and rising contribution to overall industrial growth. Chapter Three is concerned with the rise of industrial machine-building in Hungary. Based on new output estimates, the chapter traces the phases and origins of a process which accounted for a markedly faster expansion of mechanical engineering than in the Western half of the Habsburg Empire. Chapter Four provides an analysis of the financial and investment behaviour of major machine-building firms. The growth of companies, the pattern of their investment, the volume and forms of finance varied significantly between firms and over time. The main factors accounting for differential rates of company growth were the diverging development of demand in the various machine-building branches, the impact of the business cycles in Austria and Hungary, and individual firms' preparedness to pursue external expansion. The structure, volume, and direction of the Habsburg Monarchy's trade in machinery are examined in Chapter Five. The study of import tariffs and input price diffentials yields results which suggest that, after the turn of the century, the competitive position of Austro-Hungarian engineering was impeded by an inept tariff policy. The thesis argues that the course of industrial engineering lends strong support to the notion of a "Great Depression" in Austria. Once the depression had been overcome, however, the machine-building industry became one of the two main sectoral sources of growth in industry - despite the effects of an unfavourable tariff policy. Machinery output in Hungary grew at a faster rate than in Austria. Yet its impact on total manufacturing growth was somewhat smaller than in Austria since Hungarian industry as a whole also expanded more rapidly.

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Tödtling, Franz, Gunther Maier i Eric Sheppard. "Economic Restructuring and the Geography of Organizational Control: Austria 1973-198". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1988. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6192/1/IIR_Forsch_12.pdf.

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Książki na temat "Economic relations with Austria"

Heinrich, Schneider. Austria and the EC. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1989.

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Project, ASEAN-Australia Joint Research, red. Singapore-Australia economic relations. Kuala Lumpur [Malaysia]: ASEAN-Australia Joint Research Project, 1986.

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1953-, Bischof Günter, Pelinka Anton 1941- i Steininger Rolf 1942-, red. Austria in the nineteen fifties. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1995.

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Gärtner, Heinz. Austrian-German relations: Political and economic dimensions. Laxenburg: Austrian Institute for International Affairs, 1998.

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1953-, Bischof Günter, Pelinka Anton 1941- i Stiefel Dieter, red. The Marshall Plan in Austria. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2000.

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Michael, Marrese, i Richter Sándor 1953-, red. The Challenge of simultaneous economic relations with East and West. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.

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Yehudah, Don, i Karády Viktor, red. A Social and economic history of Central European Jewry. New Brunswick, U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1990.

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Sándor, Richter. The economic relations of Austria, Finland, Yugoslavia, and Hungary with the Soviet Union: A comparative analysis. Wien: Vienna Institute for Comparative Economic Studies, 1989.

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Michael, Marrese, i Richter Sándor, red. The Challenge of simultaneous economic relations with East and West. New York: New York University Press, 1990.

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Australia. Bureau of Industry Economics., red. North East Asia and Australia: Economic relations. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1987.

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Więcej źródeł

Części książek na temat "Economic relations with Austria"

Hafner, Gerhard. "The Effect of Soft Law on International Economic Relations". W Schriftenreihe der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Europaforschung (ECSA Austria) / European Community Studies Association of Austria Publication Series, 149–67. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6036-7_5.

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Hilf, Meinhard, i Goetz J. Goettsche. "The Relation of Economic and Non-Economic Principles in International Law". W Schriftenreihe der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Europaforschung (ECSA Austria) / European Community Studies Association of Austria Publication Series, 5–46. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6036-7_1.

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Stankovsky, Jan. "Economic Policy and Foreign Trade in Austria: Relations with West and East". W The Challenge of Simultaneous Economic Relations with East and West, 80–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11409-2_6.

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Yu, Lei, i Sophia Sui. "Economic Cooperation and Trade in the Post-Cold War Era". W Complex Interdependence and China-Australia Relations, 132–54. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003330462-6.

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Levcik, Friedrich. "Austria’s Trade with the East". W East-West Economic Relations in the Changing Global Environment, 144–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18400-2_9.

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Okamoto, Jiro. "Australia’s Economic Relations with ASEAN: Learning to Deal with the Evolving Organization". W The Australia-ASEAN Dialogue, 127–43. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137449146_8.

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Gehart, Fritz. "The Role of the Austrian Government in East-West Economic Relations". W The Impact of Governments on East-West Economic Relations, 259–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12419-0_20.

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Ströhle, Claudius. "Conceptualizing Remittance Affordances: Transformations of a Knife Across Borders". W Remittances as Social Practices and Agents of Change, 275–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81504-2_12.

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AbstractResearch on remittances mainly focuses on the nexus of migration and development, economic effects on the places of origin, and motives for remitting. However, little is known about the materiality of remittances. Drawing on a multi-sited ethnography in Stubai Valley (Austria) and Usṃak (Turkey), this chapter introduces the concept of remittance affordances by following the spatial and temporal trajectories of a crucial type of material remittances in the encountered research field, namely knives and tools manufactured by the Stubai cooperative. It examines the transformative effects of migration on the involved actors and the built landscape. I argue that in order to be appropriated in the intended way, the remitted objects depend on certain criteria, such as impact of the transactors’ relations, which are historically accumulated and hierarchically constituted, on the material and biography of the object and the bodily incorporated practices of usage.

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Capie, Forrest. "Austria". W Directory of Economic Institutions, 114–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10218-1_4.

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Spatzier, Astrid. "Austria". W Western European Perspectives on the Development of Public Relations, 4–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137427519_2.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Economic relations with Austria"

Wicaksana, I. Gede Wahyu. "Nationalism as a Hindrance to Indonesia-Australia Economic Cooperation". W Airlangga Conference on International Relations. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010274101240129.

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Tomelić, Emanuela. "Research on Kuna of Pelješac urban development". W Zajednički temelji 2023. - uniSTem : deseti skup mladih istraživača iz područja građevinarstva i srodnih tehničkih znanosti, Split, 14.-17. rujna, 2023. = Common Foundations 2023 - uniSTem : the tenth meeting of young researchers in the field of civil engineering and related technical sciences, 14-17 September 2023, Split. University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31534/10.zt.2023.20.

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In 1333 Pelješac came under the rule of the Republic of Dubrovnik, which carried out the first known division of the peninsula. The land was divided among the Dubrovnik nobility and serfdom relations were imposed on the local population, which lasted until the time of the Austro-Hungarian administration. The subject of this paper is research into the urban development in Kuna Pelješka, the central settlement of Pelješka Župa. Two main types of buildings can be distinguished in the present settlement, which has lost its original urban structure over time. The first type appears in the 15th century, at the time of the Dubrovnik Republic. At that time, settlements were built according to certain rules laid down in the Statute of Dubrovnik and other laws on building. The second type dates back to the 19th century, the time of Austria-Hungary, and is closely related to the improvement of the economic power of the local population, i.e. the flourishing of trade and shipping.

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Alexandre, Paulo, Rui Dias, Nicole Horta, Paula Heliodoro i Mariana Chambino. "Testing the Causal Relationship between Central and Eastern European Capital Markets: Evidence in Periods of Uncertainty in the Global Economy". W Sixth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2022.31.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the movements of capital markets in Austria (ATX), Serbia (BELEX 15), Hungary (BUX), Croatia (CROBEX), Russia (IMOEX), the Czech Republic (PRAGUE PX), Slovenia (SBI TOP), and Poland (WIG) from September 18th, 2017 to September 15th, 2022. To obtain more robust results, we divide the sample into two sub-periods: the Quiet period, from September 18th, 2017, to December 31st, 2019; and the Stress Period, from January 1st, 2020, to September 15th, 2022, marked by the global pandemic (COVID-19), the oil price war in 2020, and the Russian invasion in 2022. The time series exhibit non-normal distributions due to the presence of fat tails, a characteristic that is common in periods of extreme volatility. The results of the VAR Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests model verified the existence of 16 pairs of markets showing co-movements between them during the quiet subperiod. The market that causes more co-movements is the Austrian stock market (ATX), while the Russian stock index (IMOEX) does not cause shocks in the markets under analysis. In the Stress subperiod, we verify the presence of 42 pairs of markets causing (each other in the Grangerian sense. The stock indexes ATX, BUX, CROBEX, and PRAGUE PX show 6 causal relations in 7 possible, while the capital markets of Russia (IMOEX) and Poland are the ones that cause less (4 in 7 possible). In conclusion, we verify that the events that occurred in 2020 and 2022 have significantly increased the movements in these regional markets. Such findings could put into question the implementation of efficient portfolio diversification strategies and eventually some gains above the market average due to arbitrage levels. The authors consider this evidence to be relevant for supervisors, regulators, and investors operating in these regional markets.

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Jiříček, Petr, i Zdeňka Dostálová. "J. A. SCHUMPETER, A THEORIST OF INNOVATION AND A HISTORIAN OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE". W Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.315.

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The paper commemorates the 70th anniversary of the death of Joseph Alois Schumpeter, the world-renowned economist of Czech-Austrian origin and creator of innovation theory. It analyses Schumpeter’s work from the perspective of two aspects, complementing each other in his work: historical economic analysis and entrepreneurial innovation theory. The introduction reveals the genesis of his relation to enterprise, innovation, and the historical economics concept. The historical approach to economics appears in his scientific works at the time of his work at the European universities in Chernivtsi, Graz and Bonn, as well as in his later work at Harvard University. The paper also studies the rise of his innovation theory, first appearing during his work in Graz, Styria, and its gradual reflection in his professional work. The paper shows how these approaches merge in his economic teaching, which is very specific and includes both purely economic and technological and social aspects.

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Urtans, Andris. "IV. 3. Participation and Public Relations in Biosphere Reserves". W Euromab Austria 2005. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/euromab_austria2005s56.

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Chuzhykov, Andrii. "GLOBAL MEDIA SINGULARITY OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS". W Economic trends: new opportunities and threats. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-269-2-26.

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Cherkasova, Oxana. "Corporations as Participants in Economic Relations". W International Days of Statistics and Economics 2019. Libuše Macáková, MELANDRIUM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2019.los.186.51.

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Binti Jafar, Faridah, Saiyid Radzuwan S Ghalib, Soijah Likin i Nazarudin Zainun. "International Economic Relations under Mahathir’s Period". W International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008884903410347.

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Wicaksana, I. Gede Wahyu. "The Evolution of Indonesia’s Economic Nationalism". W Airlangga Conference on International Relations. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010275902760283.

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Bello, Ismail, Kabir Umar Musa, Asma'u Isyaku Dutse i Muktar Bashir. "Indonesia- Nigeria Foreign Economic Relations: A Partnership for Economic Development". W Unhas International Conference on Social and Political Science (UICoSP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/uicosp-17.2017.35.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Economic relations with Austria"

Quiggin, John. Australia and China turn a new leaf in economic relations. East Asia Forum, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1703325650.

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Goreczky, Péter. Decoupling or diversification? Dilemmas of India, Japan, and Australia in shaping economic relations with China. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.e-2021.29.

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US allies in the Indo-Pacific region, India, Japan and Australia are all making considerable efforts to reduce economic dependence on China. In the case of India, border clashes boost the political motivations of the trend, while in the economic sense the country’s trade deficit, the import of the pharmaceutical and automotive industries, and the determinative role of Chinese capital in the tech sector result in a unique dependency. As for Japanese companies, China remains a key manufacturing base and market, and therefore Tokyo is interested in the diversification of supply chains and manufacturing locations instead of downsizing the relationship completely. Regarding Australia, the overwhelming weight of China in the country’s export is considered a major exposure; however, in the case of iron ore, which is a key item in bilateral trade, the dependency also exists on China’s side. Although for all three countries it is a reasonable goal to enhance the resilience of supply chains and diversify economic relations, the “China plus one” strategy seems to be more beneficial for the future than cutting off economic relations with China across the board.

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Maclean, Kama. Australia–India relations and the economy of ideas. East Asian Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1331287243.

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McCulloch, Rachel. United States-Japan Economic Relations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, październik 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2408.

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Kramer, Steven P., i Irene Kyriakopoulos. US - European Union Relations: Economic Change and Political Transition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, lipiec 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386024.

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Zhuravlyeva, T. A. Distance learning course «World Economy and International Economic Relations». OFERNIO, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.2021.24861.

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Croce, Larry W. Vietnamese Economic Reform: How Important to US-Vietnam Trade Relations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442666.

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Waller, Stephen B. Fostering Cooperative Relations With China: U.S. Economic and Military Strategy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luty 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada500984.

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Makoev, Marat Ramazanovich, i Oksana Taymurazovna Tsutsieva. Current tendencies development in Russian-Iranian trade and economic relations. DOI СODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2022.017.

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Torrent, Ramón. Looking to the Future of EU's External Economic Relations Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, maj 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007898.

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